人教版（新课程标准）必修一Unit 4 Earthquakes 单元知识点精讲课件-（53张ppt)）

(共53张PPT)
Book 1 Unit 4
Earthquakes
单元知识点精讲
1．(2020·新高考卷)The solution, of course, was to plant trees so the animals could seek _________ (掩蔽处) during the daytime.
2．(2020·全国卷Ⅰ)I have a very strong fear that the lie we’re telling is doing spiritual ________ (伤害) to our children.
3．She hid her face in her hands and _______ (burst) into tears.
4．________ (bury) in his study, he didn’t notice the other classmates had left.
shelter　
damage　
burst　
Buried　
5．(2018·北京卷)A rescue worker risked his life saving two tourists who ________________ (trap) in the mountains for two days.
6．This is one of the worst natural ___________ (disaster) ever to hit the area
had been trapped　
disasters　
.
7．The earthquake was so big that most of the houses in the small village were completely ___________ (destroy).
8．Luckily, my kind neighbor _________ (rescue) a little girl from drowning last night.
destroyed　
rescued　
(1)____ n. 污垢; 泥土→_____ adj. 脏的, 肮脏的
(2)________ n. 苦难; 痛苦→______ vt. &vi. 遭受; 忍受→_______ n. 患者; 受害者
(3)_______ adj. 极度的→_________ adv. 非常; 极其; 极端地
dirt
dirty
suffering
suffer
sufferer
extreme
extremely
(4)______ vt. 损害; 伤害→______ n. 伤害; 损害→_______ adj. 受伤的; 受损害的
(5)________ n. 幸存者; 生还者; 残存物→_______ vt.
&vi. 幸存; 幸免于
injure
injury
injured
survivor
survive
(6)______ n. & vt. 援救; 营救→_______ n. 救援者
(7)_______ vt. 使惊吓; 吓唬→_________ adj. 受惊的;
受恐吓的→__________ adj. 令人恐惧的
rescue
rescuer
frighten
frightened
frightening
(8)_____________ n. 祝贺; (复数)贺词→___________
v. 祝贺
(9)_____ n. 裁判员; 法官 vt. 断定; 判断; 判决→_________ n. 判断; 裁判; 判决书
(10)_______ vt. 表示; 表达 n. 快车; 速递→_________
n. 表达; 表情; 措辞
congratulation
congratulate
judge
judgment
express
expression
Ⅱ. 联想背短语
1. __________　 立刻; 马上
2. ____ 仿佛; 好像
3. ______ 掘出; 发现
4. _________ 代替; 而不是
5. ____________ 轻视; 认为……没价值
6. ___________ 埋头于
right away
as if
dig out
instead of
think little of
be buried in
7. __________ 从……判断
8. ___________ 集资, 筹款; 募捐
judge from
raise money
9. ____________ 做演讲
10. at an end __________
11. in ruins __________________
12. a(great)number of ____________
13. be trapped in _____
give a speech
结束; 终结
严重受损; 破败不堪
许多; 大量的
陷入
14. cut across ______________
15. in the open air _______
抄近路, 走近路
在户外
n. 判断
make a judgement about… 对……作出评价
1．judge n. 裁判员；法官　vt. 断定；判决；判断
judge sb. /sth. by/from… 以……判断某人/某事
judging from/by… 从……判断 (常作插入语使用)
judge sb. /sth. (to be) good/bad/fair认定某人/某事好/坏/公平
as far as sb. can judge 据某人判断
judg(e)ment
夯基—单句语法填空。
①(2018·江苏卷)The economic impact of the arts is often overlooked and badly ________ (judge).
②I’m writing to invite you to be ___ judge at our English speech contest to be held in our school on June 15．
③_________ (judge) from the above story, we can draw the conclusion that we can’t judge a book _________ its cover.
judged　
a　
Judging　
by/from　
judging from/by… 置于句首作状语。v. -ing形式不受主语的限制，构成独立成分。类似用法的词或短语还有：
generally speaking一般来说；frankly speaking坦白地说；
considering… 考虑到……。
提能—完成句子。
④__________________ ，he will refuse to _____________________ the present situation.
据我判断，他会拒绝评价目前的形势。
As far as I can judge　
make a judgement about　
2．ruin n. [U]毁灭；毁坏；崩溃；[常用复数]废墟；遗迹　vt. (使)毁坏； 毁灭；成为废墟； 使破产
(1)lie/be in ruins 成为废墟
come/go/fall to ruin毁灭；灭亡 ；崩溃
bring… to ruin 使……毁灭；使……没落；使……破产
(2)ruin oneself 毁掉自己； 自取灭亡
ruin one’s health/fame/future毁坏某人的健康/声誉/前途
2. ruin/damage/destroy辨析填空
①He knocked over a bottle of ink and ______ my painting.
②A heavy rain came down and ________ the crops.
③The farmer’s house was completely _________, so he decided to build a new one.
ruined
damaged
destroyed
夯基—单句语法填空。
①(北京卷)When they returned to Rockaway the next day, they found their neighborhood in _______ (ruin).
②It rained for two weeks on end, completely _________ (ruin) our holiday.
③If you’re addicted to playing computer games, you’ll ruin __________ .
ruins　
ruining　
yourself　
提能—一句多译。
他犯了个错误，这让他失去了出国的机会。
④He made a mistake, ______________________ of going abroad. (定语从句)
⑤He made a mistake, __________________ of going abroad. (分词作状语)
which ruined his chance　
ruining his chance　
3. All hope was not lost. 不是所有的希望都破灭了。
【例析】
①Not all print dictionaries are the same, as you will notice when you select one.
译: 当你选择的时候你会注意到, ___________________
_____________。
②Not everyone is happy.
译: _____________________
并不是所有的印刷字
典都是一样的
并不是每个人都高兴。
【知识构建】
(1)all, both, each, every, everybody, everything, complete, completely, always, whole, wholly, entirely, altogether等具有总括意义的代词、形容词和副词与否定副词not连用, 构成部分否定, 表示“不是都; 并非都”。
(2)no, none, never, nobody, nothing, neither, no one, nowhere, no more, no longer, no way等表达否定意义的词(组)与肯定式谓语一起使用, 构成“全部否定”。
*Both of the two math problems are not very difficult.
= of the two math problems are very difficult.
这两道数学题并非都很难。
*A man of learning is not always a man of wisdom.
Not both
有学问的人并不一定都是有智慧的人。
burst的多层含义
4．burst v. (burst，burst)
4．burst v. (burst，burst) (使)爆裂；突发　n. 突发；爆裂
(1)burst 闯进来；突然插嘴
burst into 突然爆发；闯入
(2)burst into laughter＝burst out laughing 放声大笑
＝burst out crying 放声大哭
burst with anger/joy勃然大怒/乐不可支
(3)a burst of… 一阵……；突然爆发……
burst into tears
夯基—完成句子。
①Upon his appearance there was __________________ applause.
他一出现就爆发了一阵掌声。
②Hearing the bad news, he ________________ and decided to take action to fight back.
听到这个坏消息，他勃然大怒，并决定采取行动反击。
③The police _________ and arrested the thief.
警察突然闯进来，逮捕了小偷。
a burst of 　
burst with anger　
burst in　
提能—一句多译。
这个可爱的小男孩竟然当众哭了起来，这让所有的宾客哄堂大笑。
④The lovely boy ________________ in public, which made all the guests ___________________ . (burst into)
⑤The lovely boy ________________ in public, which made all the guests __________________ . (burst out)
burst into tears　
burst into laughter　
burst out crying　
burst out laughing　
【知识构建】
the injured 伤员
(2)injury n. 伤; 伤口; 伤害
do sb. an injury/do an injury to sb. 伤害某人
*What the news reported her fame.
新闻上报道的事情严重损害了她的名誉。
5. injure vt. 损害; 伤害
(1)injured
adj. 受伤的
did a great injury to
【例析】单句语法填空
①As always, you should stretch(伸展)at least ten minutes before each run to prevent _______ (injure).
②I’m feeling very sorry to tell you that I have to change our plan to visit Yunnan in July, because one of my feet got _______ (injure).
injuries
injured
【易混辨析】
injure 多指意外事故造成的伤害, 也可指对名誉、地位的损害
wound 指人在战斗、攻击中受伤, 身体上出现明显的伤口, 多指枪伤、刀伤、刺伤等皮肉之伤
hurt 多指精神上受到伤害, 也可指身体上的疼痛
harm 指身体或精神上的损害或对周围事物的危害。意为“伤害, 损害, 有害于”。常用短语do harm to“对……有害”
5．bury vt. 埋葬，掩埋；隐藏；使沉浸，使专心；插入，刺入
(1)bury one’s head/face in hands双手抱头/掩面
(2)be buried in＝bury oneself in专心于
be buried in thought沉思
表示“专心于；致力于”的短语还有：
be devoted to
be lost/engaged/absorbed in
focus/concentrate on
fix/concentrate one’s attention on
夯基—单句语法填空。
①He walked slowly, his hand ________ (bury) in his pocket.
②_________ (bury) his face in his hands, he tried to control his weeping.
③She sat there and said nothing, ________ (bury) in thought.
buried　
Burying　
buried　
提能—句式升级。
④Because she buried herself in the film, she didn’t know it was snowing outside.
→_________________________ ，she didn’t know it was snowing outside. (用现在分词短语作状语改写)
→_________________ ，she didn’t know it was snowing outside. (用过去分词短语作状语改写)
Burying herself in the film　
Buried in the film　
7．a great number of 许多；大量
large quantities of后跟名词(可数或不可数)作主语，谓语动词一律用复数。large amounts of后跟不可数名词作主语，谓语动词也用复数形式。the number of后跟可数名词复数作主语，表示“……的数量”，谓语动词用单数。
夯基—单句语法填空。
①A large number of books ________________ (steal) from the library so far.
②The number of trees larger than two feet across _____________ (decline) by 50 percent in recent years.
③More than one doctor _____________ (involve) in the rescue that took place after the earthquake.
have been stolen　
has declined　
was involved　
④One survey shows that large amounts of water ___________ (waste) every year in China, and that one third is available to be saved.
⑤Large quantities of land in the area __________________ (reserve) for national parks these years, which _____ (be) now home to bears, wolves, and other wild animals.
⑥A great deal of money ____________ (donate) to a university by an ordinary worker, which aroused public attention.
are wasted　
have been reserved　
are　
was donated　
3. injure适当形式填空
The _______ person was badly _______ in the chest. The doctor couldn’t see his ______, for he was lying on his stomach.
injured
injured
injury
4. bury一句多译
由于他埋头于书本, 所以不知道外面下雨了。
①_________________________________, he didn’t know it was raining outside.
②________________, he didn’t know it was raining outside.
③________________________, he didn’t know it was raining outside.
Because he buried himself in his book
Buried in his book
Burying himself in his book
5. judge适当形式填空
_______ from his looks, he must be an honest man. On
the contrary, he often robs and steals, so the _____
pointed out that a man should not be ______ by his
looks.
Judging
judge
judged
6. 用所给单词的适当形式填空
①After the crash, an ambulance took the _______
(injure) to hospital immediately.
②________ (shock) at the sad news, my aunt stood there
still, not knowing what to say.
③We offered our ______________ (congratulate) to you
on your passing the 2015 College Entrance Examination.
injured
Shocked
congratulations
④When people use words and __________ (express)
different from the “standard language”, it is called a
dialect.
⑤This _________ (frighten) boy whose mother was lost
in the disaster is looking for her now.
expressions
frightened
第二板块　常考短语句式
1. at an end结束; 终结
【例析】
①My holiday is at ___ end and I must go back to work
tomorrow.
②Why did the boy have tears in his eyes __ the end
an
in
【短语串记】
使……结束
come to an end 完成; 结束
in the end 最后
make ends meet 量入为出; 使收支平衡
at the end of 在……尽头(末)
by the end of 到……末为止(常与完成时态连用)
(2)end up with 以……结束
(3)ending n. 结局, 结尾
endless adj. 无止境的; 连续的
too＋adj. /adv. ＋(for sb. ) to do sth. “(对某人来说)太……不能……”，表示否定意义。
1.In the farmyard, the chickens and even the pigs were too nervous to eat.
在农家院里，鸡甚至连猪都紧张得不想吃食。
too… to在下列情况下表示肯定意义：
①当too前面有副词far，much，but，only修饰，此结构没有否定意义，而表示肯定。
②too后面的形容词表示心情或描绘性形容词的时候，如happy，pleased，willing，thankful，delighted，anxious，eager，kind，good等，表示肯定意义。
③too… to… 中的too前面有never，can’t等时，此结构为双重否定表示肯定。
can’t… too/enough… 表示“无论……也不为过”。
①(牛津高阶)It’s _____________ anything about it now.
现在进行任何补救都为时已晚。
②You ____________________ while driving a car.
在开车时，你越小心越好。
③He is only ________________ accept your invitation.
他非常高兴地接受了你的邀请。
too late to do　
can’t be too careful　
too delighted to　
④Upon hearing the teacher’s talk, the children probably felt that it sounded _________________ .
听到老师的话，孩子们很可能觉得事情听起来太好了而有些不太真实。
too good to be true　
没有什么事是太小而不值得庆祝的。/任何事都是值得庆祝的。　
Nothing is too small to celebrate.
It seems/looks as if … “似乎/好像……”。as if引导表语从句。
It seemed as if the world was at an end.
世界好像到了末日。
(1)as if从句用陈述语气
从句表示的情况是真实的或极有可能发生的
(2)as if从句用虚拟语气
从句所述不真实或极少有可能发生
①从句用一般过去时(与现在的事实相反)
②从句用过去完成时(与过去的事实相反)
③从句用would/could/might do形式(与将来的事实相反)
夯基—单句语法填空
①Don’t handle the vase as if it ______ (be) made of steel.
②The man I followed suddenly stopped as if _______ (see) if he was going in the right direction.
were　
to see　
③Look! Dark clouds are gathering. It looks as if it ____ (be) going to rain.
④When a pencil is partly put into a glass of water, it looks as if it ____________ (break).
is　
were broken　
提能—单句写作。
⑦(福建高考书面表达)一对年轻夫妇坐在船上吃着东西，说着话，大笑着，好像他们是这世界上仅有的人。
A young couple in a boat were eating, talking and laughing loudly _____________________________________ .
as if they were the only people in the world　
【板块集训】
1. end语法填空
①I’m going to charge a new dress, and pay for it __ the
end of the month.
②I must warn you that my patience is almost at ___ end.
③They had achieved their plan ___ the end of last
month.
at
an
by
④Jim entered the competition without much hope, not
thinking he would end up ____ first prize.
⑤The strike ended __ victory.
with
in
2. as if单句语法填空
①Don’t handle the vase as if it _____ (be) made of steel.
②I suggest that you should stay here as if nothing ____
_________ (happen).
were
had
happened
3. “部分否定”对点练
①____________________________ like math.
他们并不是都喜欢数学。
②____________ likes math.
他们都不喜欢数学。
All of them don’t/Not all of them
None of them
4. 选词填空
right away; dig out; think little of; be trapped in; a
number of; be buried in
①His car was buried by the snow and had to be ____
___.
②They ______________ my suggestion, which made me a little upset.
dug
out
thought little of
③Please wait for a moment. I’ll find the address for you __________.
④Quite ___________ world-famous paintings are on show in this exhibition.
⑤He ____ so deeply ________ the bus that he missed the stop where he should have got.
⑥Thirty miners _____________ the mine.
right away
a number of
was
buried in
are trapped in