辽宁省葫芦岛市2019-2022三年高二下学期英语期末试卷汇编：阅读理解（含答案）
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辽宁省葫芦岛市
2019-2022三年高二下学期英语期末试卷汇编
阅读理解
辽宁省葫芦岛市普通高中2021-2022学年高二下学期期末学业质量监测英语试题
第一节 （共15小题；每小题2. 5分, 满分37. 5分）
阅读下列短文, 从每题所给的四个选项（A、B、C和D）中, 选出最佳选项, 并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
A
Ultimate Driver
Most people above 16 years old have a strong wish that they should drive on the road by themselves. Thus getting a license is an exciting time in their life. Ultimate Drivers is there to help your teen learn the rules of the road and gain crucial driving experience.
What We Offer
Ultimate Drivers' Program will help students prepare for their road test and give them the skills they need to become lifelong safe and defensive drivers.
The beginner program offers 20 hours of in-class training, 12 hours of homework assignments and 8 hours of in-car training. Each in-class training lasts 120 minutes and each one-on-one in-car training 80 minutes. What's more, students can be picked up for free from home, work or school.
What You Need Know
Students can complete the classroom part of 1he course in just two weekends or if it better suits their schedules, they can take it during the evenings on weekdays. There are also classes offered during the holiday break.
Students can start taking the classroom part of the driving training without the Gl license, but do need it by the time they're ready to start the in-car driving lessons.
What Extra Benefits Are
The beginner drivers can gain much through the program. After that they'll receive student testimonials（证明书）. The testimonials show teenagers who have taken the course feel more confident in their abilities and many believe they couldn't have passed the road test without it.
Sign up before April fifth, and students can also get an insurance discount!
21. How many times does the program offer in-class training
A. 8. B. 10. C. 12. D. 20.
22. What do students need to do to have in-car driving lessons
A. Get the G1 license. B. Finish the classroom part.
C. Take out insurance. D. Receive a student testimonial.
23. What type of writing is the text
A. A review. B. An announcement.
C. A guide. D. An advertisement.
B
Traveling on an airplane can be a very tiring task even in the best of circumstances, which is why when Sophie Murphy boarded a recent flight from Sydney to Melbourne and noticed an “awful tension” in the cabin, she first thought it was caused by typical bad-tempered passengers. But as the flight neared its end, it became obvious that something was very wrong.
A teenage boy with Down syndrome （唐氏综合症）who was traveling with his family had become upset and would not return to his seat, regardless of the cabin crew's warnings over the loudspeaker that it was almost time to land. The pilot was forced to circle above the airport, delaying the landing——and angering people on the already tense flight.
"If it were a cartoon, " remembered Murphy, "there would have been smoke coming out of people's cars. "
As the boy's elderly parents and adult brothers and sisters tried to persuade him to get off the floor and back into his seat, but in vain, Murpohy, 42—who had been a teacher for more than 20 years —— stood up and quickly headed to the back of the plane.
She found the boy in the passage between rows of seats, lying on his belly, and lay down on her stomach to face him. She began chatting calmly with him, asking his name, his favorite book, and his favorite characters. Ile told her he felt sick and she tried to comfort him.
Minutes later, he allowed her to hold his hand—and then together they got properly back into airplane seats. Murphy asked for sick bags, and held them as the boy threw up several times, including on her. As she helped him clean up, she repeatedly told him everything would be okay and that they'd get through it together.
'After the plane was finally able to land, no one was impatient to step off the flight as one might expect. Instead, calmed passengers—obviously following Murphy's amazing example —allowed the boy and his family to depart first, smiling at them as they passed. His parents tearfully thanked Murphy for what she had done, and a doctor sitting nearby also let her know he had even taken notes on her expert way of handling the situation.
24. How did Murphy manage to handle the "awful tension"
A. She communicated with the boy.
B. She fought against unfair treatment.
C. She asked an experienced doctor to help.
D. She called on other passengers to join her.
25. The landing was delayed because __________________.
A. a family ignored the warnings
B. a boy refused to sit in his seat
C. smoke was coming out of the engine
D. the pilot was forced to change the destination
26. What changed the angry passengers' attitude at last
A. The boy's improvement. B. The plane's safe landing.
C. The teacher's efforts. D. The crew's behavior.
27. Which of the following words can best describe Murphy
A. Kind and cool-headed. B. Patient and interested.
C. Wise and cooperative. D. Generous and cautious.
C
Scientists in Australia have discovered that they can use the world's smelliest fruits to make devices that could power electric cars. A durian is a fruit that looks like a pineapple. It is a delicacy in some Asian countries, but its smell is so unpleasant that some of those countries have banned it from public places. Its smell has been compared to rotting eggs and even smelly old gym socks.
Vincent Gomes and his colleagues at the University of Sydney, in Australia, used a durian and a jackfruit—another fruit known for its terrible smell—to make energy-storing devices called supercapacitors.
Supercapacitors are an alternative to batteries. They can't store as much energy as a normal battery does, but they are much quicker to recharge. Durians and jackfruits contain some of the chemicals used in supercapacitors, which gave Gomes the idea. To make the fruit-based devices, the team heated and then freeze-dried the uneatable cores of the durian and jackfruit to make a special kind of material called an aerogel.
Aerogels are one of the world's lightest solid materials. Often called "frozen smoke", they are made by removing the liquid from a gel （凝胶） and replacing it with air. They have many scientific uses, but one of their special properties is the ability to conduct electric currents, which makes them an important part of supercapacitors. The aerogels made from durian and jackfruit both worked well when placed inside a supercapacitor, although the durian aerogel was found to be the better of the two.
The discovery is important because the materials currently used to make supercapacitors are expensive. Using natural foods like durians and jackfruits, Gomes says, could reduce. environmental pollution, as well as costs.
28. What makes some countries have different attitudes toward the durian
A. Its appearance. B. Its smell. C. Its value. D. Its popularity.
29. Which paragraph mentions Gomes's inspiration of innovation
A. Paragraph 1. B. Paragraph 2. C. Paragraph 3 D. Paragraph 4.
30. What does the underlined word “them” In Paragraph 4 refer to
A. Properties. B. Scientific uses. C. Electric currents. D. Aerogels.
31. What can we learn about fruit-based supercapacitors
A. They are light and liquid. B. They are green and economical.
C. They are chemicals from durians. D. They are devices for producing electricity.
D
Pandas have always been one of the cutest creatures of the animal kingdom, but did you know that there are actually two types of pandas
These animals are divided into Sichuan and Qinling subspecies（亚种群）. The Qinling giant panda, which lives in Shaanxi and Gansu provinces, has a round head and short mouth, which makes it look like a cat. The Sichuangiant panda, which lives in Sichuan province, is more bear-like and has a bigger and more oval（椭圆形的） head, according to a study published in a recent issue of the Chinese Science Bulletin.
The study, conducted by Zhejiang University, the BGI Life Science Research Institution and the China Conservation and Research Center for the Giant Panda, showed the subspecies' differences and evolutionary （进化的） characteristics, including the first report on the genome （基因组）of the Qinling subspecies.
The two subspecies evolved around 10, 000 to 12, 00 years ago, which means they haven't contacted one another for at least 10, 000 years. Besides their different physical features, the Sichuan subspecies is better adapted to survive in the wild due to its history of greater genetic variation. The Qinling subspecies never migrated （迁徙）across the Yellow River Basin, so it has had no major changes in genetic variation.
The key factors affecting the long-term survival of a species are its ability to reproduce and develop immunity（免疫力）against disease. When it comes to making babies, the Sichuan subspecies is more reproductive than the Qinling subspecies, said Fang Shengguo, a professor at Zhejiang University's College of Life Sciences.
Pandas were once meat eaters but later turned to a bamboo diet. In response to the huge changes in their eating habits, they evolved relatively small internal organs to slow down their metabolism（新陈代谢）. Changes in giant panda genes are mainly related to their reproductive system, which may be responsible for their reduced reproduction, according to the study.
Accurate genetic management is important in artificial breeding（繁殖）and conservation, Fang pointed out. He also suggested gene exchanges between small populations of pandas within the same subspecies should be sped up, which could help reduce inbreeding （近亲交配）and genetic decline. "Unless the species is in danger, interbreeding between the two subspecies should be avoided as much as possible. Otherwise, the reproduction of the of spring （后代）may be reduced, which would be very bad for the Sichuan subspecies population, " said Fang, who also noted the importance of restoring pandas habitats.
32. What do we know about pandas
A. The Sichuan subspecies tends to live longer.
B. They mainly live in two provinces in China.
C. The Qinling subspecies is less able to reproduce.
D. The two subspecies share similar facial features.
33. According to the study, what could be the reason for pandas' reduced reproduction
A. The frequent migration in the wild.
B. The shortage of bamboo for them to eat.
C. The decreased immunity against disease.
D. The changes in genes related to reproduction.
34. What does Fang Shengguo think is a better solution to pandas inbreeding
A. Accurate genetic management.
B. The restoration of pandas' habitats.
C. Interbreeding between the two subspecies.
D. Gene exchanges within the same subspecies.
35. What's the main purpose of the article
A. To report on new research about pandas.
B. To inform people of how pandas evolved.
C. To compare different subspecies of pandas.
D. To call on people to protect the endangered species.
辽宁省葫芦岛市普通高中2020-2021学年高二下学期期末学业质量监测英语试题（解析版）
第一节（共15小题；每小题2.5分，满分37.5分）
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项（A、B、C、D）中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
A
Amid the coronavirus outbreak, the U. S. Department of Homeland Security recommends having at least a two - week supply of water and food.
Potatoes
Shelf life ： 2 to 5 weeks if stored in a cool, dry, dark place
Yukon Gold, red, and fingerling potatoes will last from two to three weeks. Larger white potatoes can last for three to five weeks. Sweet potatoes have about the same shelf life. Don't store them next to onions, however. The two might go together well in cooking, but raw, each gives off gases and moisture that might cause the other to spoil faster.
Tea
※Shelf life： 6 to 12 months past "sell - by" date
Dried tea leaves, whether loose (in a sealed container) or in teabags (in an unopened box) can easily last a year or more if they' re not subjected to damp or humidity. However, the tea does tend to lose flavor over time.
Peanuts
● Shelf life ： 1 to 2 months
Peanuts in their shell, especially when kept cool and dry, are perfectly happy in the cupboard for as long as two months.
Canned fruits and vegetables
● Shelf life ： 1 to 2 years past "sell - by” date
Canning is an extremely efficient means of preserving food. Generally speaking, if canned foods aren't subjected to extreme heat, their contents should stay good for two years or more. Be aware, however, of dented cans or those with swollen tops, which may indicate the presence of bacteria inside.
1. Which can go bad faster if stored with onions
A. Potatoes. B. Tea.
C. Peanuts. D. Canned fruits and vegetables.
2. What is special about tea
A. The flavor of tea can always remain the same.
B. Tea leaves are better to be preserved in an open jar.
C. Tea leaves should be kept away from the state of being wet.
D. The maximum length of time that tea can be stored is 6 months.
3. What may shorten the "sell - by” date of canned foods
A. Shapes of cans. B. Categories of foods.
C. Decline of the temperature. D. Exposure to high temperature.
B
You’re in a crowd of people who are all asking for the same thing. How do you make your voice heard above the rest Be different. Don’t shout. Lisa, 25, was waiting to board a plane flying from London to Austria for Christmas when the flight was cancelled.
“There were about a hundred of us unable to leave,” she says. “Everyone else was shouting at the airport staff. Instead of joining in, I walked up to the man behind the ticket desk very quietly and said, ‘This must be so awful for you! I don’t know how you deal with these situations—it’s not even your fault. I could never handle it as well as you are.’ Without my even asking, he found me a seat on another airline with an upgrade to first class. He was happy to do a favor for someone who was appreciative instead of unfriendliness.”
Flattery (恭维) is an essential element of the sweet-talk strategy. “It’s human psychology that stroking a person’s ego (自我) with a few well-directed praises makes them want to prove you right,” says a psychologist. “Tell someone they’re pretty and they’ll instantly fix their hair; praise their sense of humor and they’ll tell a joke.”
You need help and there’s absolutely no reason that the person will want to lend a hand. Allison, 26. a lawyer, realized she’d made a huge mistake on a batch of documents. “The only way I could fix the problem was to get the help of a colleague who I knew didn’t like me,” she said.
Allison then went to the woman’s office and explained her problem. “As I was saying to the boss the other day you’re the only person who would know how to handle a situation like this, what would you suggest I do ” “Feeling pumped up (鼓励), she set about helping me and we finished the job on time, and she was happy to help.” Allison said.
4. What would have happened at the airport according to paragraph 1
A. The departure hall was filled with noise.
B. Someone screamed just lo be different.
C. The passengers waited on board patiently.
D. The airport stuff were rude to the passengers.
5. Why did the man put Lisa on another airline
A. He admired Lisa’s beauty. B. He appreciated her attitude.
C. He was ready to help others. D. He was blamed for the cancellation.
6. What is the third paragraph mainly about
A. The potential benefits of ego. B. The strategy to start small talk.
C. The great importance of flattery. D. The value of humor in daily life.
7. What can we learn about Allison’s colleague
A. She was a popular lawyer.
B. She was always ready to help others.
C. She always got praise from Allison.
D. She did a great favor for Allison eventually.
C
The United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO) included on December 17, 2020 China's Tai Chi on the Representative List of the Intangible（无形的）Cultural Heritage of Humanity. The decision was announced during the online meeting of the UNESCO Intergovernmental Committee for the Safeguarding of the Intangible Cultural Heritage held from December 14 to 19 in Kingston, capital of Jamaica.
“Born in the mid-17th century in a small village named Chenjiagou located in Central China's Henan province, Tai Chi is not only a kind of traditional Wushu integrated with slow movements and deep breathing, but is also deeply rooted in many areas of Chinese culture, such as medicine and philosophy,”Zhu Xianghua says, who is the son of the famous Tai Chi master Zhu Tiancai.
Although it has spread to more than 150 countries and regions, attracting more than 100 million people to practice, the idea that Tai Chi is for the elderly has stopped many young people practicing the ancient Wushu. They think of it as a slow exercise, which is specially made and better suited for their grandparents. Instead, many young people are turning to the Indian practice of yoga（瑜伽）to relieve stress, which was placed on the UNESCO's List in 2019.
In order to promote Tai Chi, joint efforts have been made from individuals and the Chinese government in the last decades. Xi'an Jiaotong University requires students to learn Tai Chi. Wang Yunbing, a professor in the university's sports center, stressed that Tai Chi is not only good physical exercise-researchers from the American College of Rheumatology find that it can help manage several diseases but is also conned ted to ancient Chinese eivilization. Since 2014, the World Tai Chi Championships have been held every two years by the International Wushu Federation. It provides a platform for communication and learning between the Tai Chi masters and Tai Chi lovers around the globe. In January 2020, Tai Chi became an official event in the 2026 Dakar Youth Olympic Games.
8. What does Zhu Xianghua say about Tai Chi in paragraph 2
A. It originated from fast Kung Fu action. B. It was born around the 1750s in a village.
C. It is related to other cultural fields of China. D. It integrates Chinese medicine and western philosophy.
9. Why do some young people choose to practice yoga instead of Tai Chi
A. They think it easier to practice yoga to keep fit.
B. The elderly stop young people practicing Tai Chi.
C. They consider Tai Chi is custom-built for old people.
D. Yoga was included in the world culture earlier than Tai Chi.
10. What is the main purpose of the last paragraph
A. To promote contemporary Chinese civilization.
B. To show many efforts made to popularize Tai Chi.
C. To stress the importance of Chinese Tai Chi masters.
D. To advise people to practise Tai Chi to cure diseases.
11. Which of the following is the best title for the passage
A. Tai Chi Steps on the UNESCO's List. B. Tai Chi is Competing against Yoga.
C. Tai Chi Has Regained populate Globally. D. Opinions Greatly Differ on Tai Chi and Yoga.
D
As a basic food in the Asian diet， soybeans（大豆） have been used to make tofu and soy milk for hundreds of years． But now， they are also being turned into an alternative to plastic wrap．
William Chen， a professor of food science and technology at Singapore's Nanyang Technological University， invented the environmentally﹣friendly food wrap． It's made of cellulose（纤维素），a form of fiber， obtained from the waste generated by soy bean product producers． The beans are pressed to squeeze out juice that's used to make tofu and soy milk． And what's left is usually thrown away， but Chen takes the waste and puts it through a fermentation（发酵） process， during which cellulose is produced．
Cellulose﹣based plastic wraps have been on the market for a few years， but Chen says that most are made from wood or corn， grown for that purpose． By contrast， his wrap is made from a waste product， which doesn't compete with other crops for land and is more sustainable． Chen's technology could help to solve two problems at once： cutting plastic production and reducing the amount of food waste．"In Singapore， the amount of food waste generated every year could fill up 15，000 Olympic﹣sized swimming pools，" Chen says．
F&N， a soy﹣based drinks producer， has partnered with Chen's lab and provides the product， straight from the factory． The company is conducting a study to assess whether the food wrap could complete commercially with conventional products． Chen adds，"The soy﹣based wrap costs almost nothing to make in the lab because the raw materials are free． Commercial production would involve additional expenses， such as storage and quality control， however， we have not calculated those costs yet．"
Chen hopes neighboring soy﹣loving countries will be inspired by Singapore to adopt his innovation． "My dream is that our technology， which is cheap and simple， will cut plastic and food waste and create a cleaner environment，" Chen says．
12. What is the second paragraph mainly about？
A. The introduction to William Chen．
B. The process of producing soy milk．
C. The way to make soy﹣based wrap．
D. The benefit of eating soy products．
13. What's the biggest difference of Chen's wrap from other cellulose﹣based plastic wraps？
A. It saves land for industry．
B. It's more easily broken down．
C. It is made from the food waste．
D. It has been put into practice for many years．
14. What will commercial production of the food wrap cause？
A. A lack of competitiveness．
B. Poor quality of the wraps．
C. A shortage of raw material．
D. An increase in production costs．
15. From which is the text probably taken？
A. A personal diary．
B. A travel guide．
C. A book review．
D. A scientific magazine．
辽宁省葫芦岛市2019-2020学年高二下学期期末考试英语试题（解析版）
第一节 (共15小题：每小题2.5分，满分37.5分)
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项(A、B、C和D)中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
A
The UK's music festivals are world famous but there are plenty more to celebrate in the country.
Burns Night, Scotland
On 25 January, Scots celebrate the life and works of Scotland's national poet Robert Burns by holding a special Burns Supper. This can be a chance for friends to get together with a huge formal dinner. Guests take it in turn to recite Burns' poems or sing one of his songs.
Hay Festival, Hay-on-Wye, Wales
For 10 days each May, the small town of Hay on-Wye on the edge of the Brecon Beacons National Park in Wales is filled with writers, filmmakers, musicians, and people who come to hear them talk and exchange ideas. The festival celebrates great writing of all genres (体裁) and it all takes place in a village in the town.
Camp Festival, Dorset
As a branch of a festival held in Dorset, it's one of the best family festivals in the UK Held every year in the grounds of the historic Lulworth Castle in Dorset, the festival includes top live music acts, but as the organizer say, “kids are king” at Camp Festival, with a wide variety of entertainment, workshops and fun for kids. The 2020 Camp Festival takes place from 25 to 28 July.
Guy Fawkes Day or “Bonfire Night”
All over the UK on 5 November, the British light bonfires and set off fireworks in their back gardens or, more commonly these days, at organized events in public parks. They celebrate the Catholic Guy Fawkes' failed attempt to blow up the Houses of Parliament (议会院) on 5 November, 1605.
1. Which festivals are related to literature (文学)
A. Hay Festival and Camp Festival. B. Bums Night and Hay Festival.
C. Burs Night and Guy Fawkes Day. D. Camp Festival and Guy Fawkes Day.
2. When does the festival most attractive to children take place
A. In July. B. In May. C. In January. D. In November.
3. What does Guy Fawkes Day celebrate
A. An impressive building. B. A successful adventure.
C. An organized game. D. A historical event.
B
Cory Nichol's whole life changed after he watched the documentary (纪录片) Hard Times. Lost on Long Island. This documentary follows four different families over six months as they struggle with unemployment. Cory knew he had to help any way that he could.
He founded an organization named “C the Difference”. The first step of his charity was to advertise. Using his own money, Cory had orange bracelets (手链) made. Now, he has sold the bracelets. A lot of people who are willing to donate bought them. “We've gotten donations from $5 to $500,” Cory said. “Every dollar really helps.”
Since founding the organization “C the Difference”, Cory has gotten the word out through e-mail and social media He has managed to get upwards of 7,500 and the amount will keep ring each month For Cox, his work is truly rewarding and he loves knowing that poll fortunate than him are really benefiting tom al the donations Once he said, “I was in the pantry (食品室) one time when a woman was taking food, and she was grateful for what I was doing That made me feel great.”
Cory's work has been truly remarkable. These past years he was recognized for “C the Difference” and was a recipient (获得者) of the New York State Prudential Spirit of Community Award. Cory was honored when he found out the news, and even more shocked When he found out that he was one of the only 102 winners out of the 28.000 applicants, As a recipient Cory got to travel to Washington D.C. with the other winners.
There are bright things in Cory's future. First, he wants to keep doing well in school. “I think school is really important to be successful in life.” In addition, Cory wants to keep “C the Difference” going through high school. “I am continuing to get donations, and to get younger kids and my peers involved to help each month”.
4. After watching the documentary, Cory _______.
A. set up a charity organization B. found a job in Long Island
C donated money immediately D. felt the documentary interesting
5. Cory tried to raise enough money by _______.
A. wearing a ring and a bracelet B. spreading the word out
C. phoning to his friends D. collecting from his classmates
6. Cory felt _______ after he knew he was given an award.
A. proud and surprised B. interested and delighted
C. embarrassed and puzzled D. ashamed and frightened
7. We can infer from the passage that Cory will _______.
A. travel in Long Island alone B. stop raising money
C. study in Washington D. go on his charity
C
The idea of turning recycled plastic bottles into clothing is not new. During the last five years, a large number of clothing companies, businesses and environmental organizations have started turning plastics into fabric to deal with plastic pollution. But there’s a problem with this method. Research now shows that microfibers could be the biggest source of plastic in the sea.
Dr. Mark Browne in Santa Barbara, California, has been studying plastic pollution and microfibers for 10 years now. He explains that every time synthetic clothes go into a washing machine, a large number of plastic fibers fall off. Most washing machines can’t collect these microfibers. So every time the water gets out of a washing machine, microfibers are entering the sewers and finally end up in the sea.
In 2011, Browne wrote a paper stating that a single piece of synthetic(合成的) clothing can produce more than 1, 900 fibers per wash. Browne collected samples from seawater and freshwater sites around the world, and used a special way to examine each sample. He discovered that every single water sample contained microfibers.
This is bad news for a number of reasons. Plastic can cause harm to sea life when eaten. Studies have also shown that plastic can absorb other pollutants.
Based on this evidence, it may seem surprising that companies and organizations have chosen to turn plastic waste into clothing as an environmental “solution.” Even though the science has been around for a while, Browne explains that he's had a difficult time getting companies to listen. When he asked well-known clothing companies to support Benign by Design-his research project that seeks to get clothes that have a bad effect on humans and the environment out of the market, Browne didn’t get a satisfying answer. Only one women’s clothing company, Eileen Fisher, offered Browne funding.
8. What has happened during the past five years
A. Fabric has become much stronger. B. Plastic pollution has been less serious.
C. Many plastic bottles have been reused. D. Microfibers have been greatly improved.
9. What does Browne think of washing synthetic clothes
A. It is adding microfibers to the clothes.
B. It is worsening environmental problems.
C. It is making synthetic clothes last longer.
D It is doing great damage to washing machines.
10. What can be inferred about Browne’s Benign by Design research project
A. It has achieved great success. B. It hasn’t got anything done.
C. It is known to very few people. D. It is facing some difficulties.
11. What’s the best title for the text
A. It’s important to learn to recycle
B. It’s never easy to solve pollution problems
C. Recycled plastic clothing: solution or pollution
D. Are human beings moving forward or backward
D
The traditional Chinese lunar calendar divides the year into 24 solar terms More than 2000 years ago, ancient Chinese people created this overall framework to mark the annual passage of time based on observations of the sun's motion. In the international meteorological field (国际气象界) the 24 solar terms are honored as “the fifth great invention of China”.
The 24 solar terms begins with Start of Spring followed by Rain Water, Insects Awaken...and ends up with Minor Cold and Major Cold. Summer Solstice and Winter Solstice are two days of the year with the longest and shortest amount of daylight respectively, while Spring Equinox and Autumn Equinox are days with the most balanced amount of daytime and nighttime. Through these four parts, a year is divided into four part: Spring Summer, Autumn and Winter.
In ancient times this system not only guided agricultural production, instructing farmers to expect the changes in temperature, spring planting and autumn harvest but also directed Chinese folk customs. For example, Winter Solstice was the first one set among 24 terms and later developed into a festival to worship Heaven and ancestors. Every year at Winter Solstice, emperors of Ming and Qing dynasties would go to the temple of Heaven to hold a ceremony to worship Heaven, for good weather for their crop, and peace and prosperity for the country.
Nowadays, the 24 solar terms could not only be applied to farming but also guide Chinese everyday life. They remind people to adapt to the changes in the seasons through suitable food and cultural rituals (文化仪式). Seasonal customs are sill the rage such as eating spring pancakes at Start of Spring, sweeping ancestors' tombs at Qing Ming, gaining weight to keep warm at Start of Autumn and eating nutritious food to store energy at Start of Winter. They have actually became important rituals in Chinese life.
The 24 solar terms is a common cognitive system among Chinese. It reflects the emotional bond, the wisdom and creativity of Chinese, who respect and live in harmony with nature.
12. How were the 24 solar terms created in ancient China
A. They were the results of leaning from each other.
B. They were set based on the movements of the sun.
C. They were created according to the change of the weather.
D. They were gradually developed from the practical experience.
13. What is a common feature of Spring Equinox and Autumn Equinox
A. They both have the same amount of day and night.
B. They were set only for guiding agricultural activities.
C. They both play the role in dividing a day into day and night
D. They are the days on which the length of a day is longer than night.
14. What does the underlined word in Paragraph 4 probably mean
A. Cheer B. Honor. C. Appreciation. D. Fashion.
15 What’s the text mainly about
A. The reasons for the recognition of the 24 solar terms.
B. The invention of the 24 solar terms in ancient China.
C. The origin and influence of the 24 solar terms in China
D. The ways to handle the relationship between human and nature.
答案：
辽宁省葫芦岛市普通高中2021-2022学年高二下学期期末学业质量监测英语试题
21—23 BAD 24—27 ABCA 28—31BCDB 32—35CDDA
辽宁省葫芦岛市普通高中2020-2021学年高二下学期期末学业质量监测英语试题（解析版）
【答案】1. A 2. C 3. D
【解析】
【分析】本文是一篇应用文。文章主要介绍了一些食物的保质期以及保存方法。
【1题详解】
细节理解题。根据小标题Potatoes中的“Sweet potatoes have about the same shelf life. Don't store them next to onions, however. The two might go together well in cooking, but raw, each gives off gases and moisture that might cause the other to spoil faster. ”红薯的保质期也差不多。但是，不要把它们放在洋葱旁边。这两种食物在烹饪时可能搭配得很好，但生食时，它们会释放出气体和水分，可能会让另一种食物更快变质。由此可知，土豆和洋葱放一起会更快变质，故选A。
【2题详解】
细节理解题。根据小标题Tea中的“Dried tea leaves, whether loose (in a sealed container) or in teabags (in an unopened box) can easily last a year or more if they' re not subjected to damp or humidity. However, the tea does tend to lose flavor over time.” 干茶叶，无论是松散的(在密封的容器中)还是茶包(在未开封的盒子中)，只要不受潮或潮湿，都可以很容易地保存一年或更长时间。然而，随着时间的推移，这种茶确实会失去味道。由此可知茶叶不能受潮，故选C。
【3题详解】
细节理解题。根据小标题Canned fruits and vegetables中的“Generally speaking, if canned foods aren't subjected to extreme heat, their contents should stay good for two years or more. ” 一般来说，如果罐头食品不经受极端高温，其里面的食品应保持良好两年或更久。由此可知，罐头食品如果经受高温，保质期可能会缩短，故选D。
【点睛】应用文多是细节理解题。一般定位关键词适用于解答细节理解题。通过定位关键词解题，考生在阅读题干时，把题干中有标记意义的词或词组标记出来，或者选项中的关键词，然后用这个词回到原文当中定位。如小题1题干中的stored with onions，再如小题3题干中的canned foods，可以帮助快速找出答案。
【答案】4. A 5. B 6. C 7. D
【解析】
【分析】
【4题详解】
细节理解题。由文章第一段“How do you make your voice heard above the rest Be different. Don’t shout.”可知让你的声音与众不同的方法就是不要大声喊叫，可见飞机场里会发生的事情是出发厅里会充满了嘈杂声。故选A。
【5题详解】
细节理解题。文章第二段最后“He was happy to do a favor for someone who was appreciative instead of unfriendliness.”表明那个机场工作人员之所以给Lisa换航班是因为他愿意帮那些会欣赏别人的人而不是只会对别人充满敌意的人。故选B。
【6题详解】
主旨大意题。第三段的第一句话总括整段内容“Flattery (恭维) is an essential element of the sweet-talk strategy.”，即恭维是良好说话策略的必要因素，后面引用心理学家的话来论证这个论点。故选C。
【7题详解】
推理判断题。文章最后一段“Feeling pumped up (鼓励), she set about helping me and we finished the job on time, and she was happy to help.”说明Allison的同事受到了鼓励后，开始帮助她，在她的帮助下她们及时完成了工作而且她同事还对帮助了Allison这件事感到很愉快。故选D。
【答案】8. C 9. C 10. B 11. A
【解析】
【分析】这是一篇说明文。文章讲述了联合国教科文卫组织将中国的太极拳列入非物质文化遗产的名录中。同时文章还介绍了个人和组织如何推广太极拳的。
【8题详解】
推理判断题。根据文章第二段““Born in the mid-17th century in a small village named Chenjiagou located in Central China's Henan province, Tai Chi is not only a kind of traditional Wushu integrated with slow movements and deep breathing, but is also deeply rooted in many areas of Chinese culture, such as medicine and philosophy,”Zhu Xianghua says, who is the son of the famous Tai Chi master Zhu Tiancai.”（“太极拳诞生于17世纪中叶，位于中国中部河南省一个名叫陈家沟的小村庄里，它不仅是一种融合了缓慢动作和深呼吸的传统武术，而且还深深植根于中国文化的许多领域。 “例如医学和哲学。”朱香华说，他是著名的太极拳大师朱天才的儿子。）可知，太极拳和中国文化的其他领域相互结合。故选C项。
【9题详解】
细节理解题。根据文章第三段“Although it has spread to more than 150 countries and regions, attracting more than 100 million people to practice, the idea that Tai Chi is for the elderly has stopped many young people practicing the ancient Wushu. They think of it as a slow exercise, which is specially made and better suited for their grandparents.”（尽管太极拳已经传播到150多个国家和地区，吸引了1亿多人练习，但是太极拳是为老年人而设计的，这使许多年轻人停止了练习古老的武术。 他们认为这是一种慢运动，它是特制的，更适合其祖父母。）可知，很多年轻人误认为太极拳只适合老年人练习，故而转身去练习瑜伽。故选C项。
【10题详解】
推理判断题。根据文章最后一段“In order to promote Tai Chi, joint efforts have been made from individuals and the Chinese government in the last decades. Xi'an Jiaotong University requires students to learn Tai Chi. Wang Yunbing, a professor in the university's sports center, stressed that Tai Chi is not only good physical exercise-researchers from the American College of Rheumatology find that it can help manage several diseases but is also conned ted to ancient Chinese eivilization. Since 2014, the World Tai Chi Championships have been held every two years by the International Wushu Federation. It provides a platform for communication and learning between the Tai Chi masters and Tai Chi lovers around the globe. In January 2020, Tai Chi became an official event in the 2026 Dakar Youth Olympic Games.”（为了推广太极拳，在过去的几十年里，个人和中国政府共同努力。西安交通大学要求学生学习太极。该校体育中心教授王云冰强调，太极不仅是一种很好的体育锻炼——美国风湿病学会的研究人员发现，太极拳有助于控制多种疾病，而且与中国古代文明息息相关。自2014年以来，世界太极锦标赛每两年由国际武术联合会举办一次。它为全球太极大师和太极爱好者提供了一个交流和学台。2020年1月，太极拳成为2026年达喀尔青年奥运会的正式比赛项目。）可知，文章在最后一段介绍了个人和组织为推广太极而做出的努力。故选B项。
【11题详解】
主旨大意题。根据文章第一段“The United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO) included on December 17, 2020 China's Tai Chi on the Representative List of the Intangible (无形的) Cultural Heritage of Humanity. The decision was announced during the online meeting of the UNESCO Intergovernmental Committee for the Safeguarding of the Intangible Cultural Heritage held from December 14 to 19 in Kingston, capital of Jamaica.”（联合国教育，科学及文化组织（UNESCO）于2020年12月17日将中国的太极拳列入人类无形的文化遗产代表作名录。 这项决定是在12月14日至19日在牙买加首都金斯敦举行的联合国教科文组织保护非物质文化遗产政府间委员会在线会议上宣布的。）和后文对太极拳的介绍可知，本文主要讲述联合国教科文卫组织将中国的太极拳列入非物质文化遗产保护名录。A项符合题意。故选A项。
【答案】12. C 13. C 14. D 15. D
【解析】
【分析】本文为说明文。自古以来，大豆就是亚洲人最喜欢的食物，可被制成豆腐、浆、酱油和各种豆制品，但现在，受欢迎的大豆的豆渣也能变成塑料包装的环保袋。新加坡南洋理工大学的食品科学和技术教授就用豆渣制作了环保的食品包装。这种技术既便宜又简单，能减少塑料和食品的浪费，创造一个更清洁的环境。
【12题详解】
主旨大意题。根据第二段中的“William Chen， a professor of food science and technology at Singapore's Nanyang Technological University， invented the environmentally﹣friendly food wrap．” 新加坡南洋理工大学食品科学与技术教授陈伟新（William Chen）发明了环保食品包装方式。接着本段下文对这种用豆渣制作包装的方式进行了详细的叙述。可知，本段主要关于用豆渣制作食物包装的方式，故选C。
【13题详解】
细节理解题。根据第三段中的“but Chen says that most are made from wood or corn， grown for that purpose． By contrast， his wrap is made from a waste product ,which doesn't compete with other crops for land and is more sustainable．” 但是陈先生说，大多数塑料薄膜都是用木材或玉米制成的。相比之下，他的塑料薄膜是用废弃的产品制成的。可知，陈的包装与其他纤维素塑料包装最大的区别它是由食物残渣制成的。这种产品不会与其他作物争夺土地，而且更具可持续性．分析选项可知C项符合题意，故选C。
【14题详解】
推理判断题。倒数第二段中的Chen adds，"The soy﹣based wrap costs almost nothing to make in the lab because the raw materials are free． Commercial production would involve additional expenses， such as storage and quality control， however， we have not calculated those costs yet．"陈补充道：“大豆基包装材料在实验室几乎不需要花费任何成本，因为它的原材料是免费的。商业生产将涉及额外的费用，如储存和质量控制，但我们尚未计算这些费用。”由此可推断出食品包装的商业化生产会导致生产成本的增加，D项符合题意，故选D。
【15题详解】
D
推理判断题。阅读全文可知，文章主要叙述了新加坡南洋理工大学的食品科学和技术教授依靠科学技术利用豆渣制作出环保的食品包装。可知文章涉及科学，由此可知，本文应选自科学杂志。故选D。
辽宁省葫芦岛市2019-2020学年高二下学期期末考试英语试题（解析版）
【答案】1. B 2. A 3. D
【解析】
这是一篇说明文。文章讲述了英国的四个节日的相关信息。
【1题详解】
细节理解题。由第二段中的“On 25 January, Scots celebrate the life and works of Scotland's national poet Robert Burns by holding a special Burns Supper.”（1月25日，苏格兰人举行特别的伯恩斯晚餐，庆祝苏格兰民族诗人罗伯特·伯恩斯的生平和作品。）和第三段中的“For 10 days each May, the small town of Hay on-Wye on the edge of the Brecon Beacons National Park in Wales is filled with writers, filmmakers, musicians, and people who come to hear them talk and exchange ideas.”（每年5月的10天里，威尔士布莱肯信标国家公园边上的小城Hay on Wye挤满了作家、电影制作人、音乐家以及前来聆听他们谈话和交流想法的人们。），可知Bums Night和Hay Festival与文学有关。故选B项。
【2题详解】
细节理解题。由倒数第二段“As a branch of a festival held in Dorset, it's one of the best family festivals in the UK Held every year in the grounds of the historic Lulworth Castle in Dorset, the festival includes top live music acts, but as the organizer say, “kids are king” at Camp Festival, with a wide variety of entertainment, workshops and fun for kids. The 2020 Camp Festival takes place from 25 to 28 July.”（作为在多塞特举行的音乐节的一个分支，这是英国最好的家庭节日之一，每年都在多塞特历史悠久的卢沃思城堡举行，音乐节包括顶级现场音乐表演，但正如主办方所说，在夏令营节“孩子是国王”，它为孩子们提供各种各样的娱乐、工作坊和乐趣。2020年夏令营节于7月25日至28日举行。），可知最吸引孩子们的节日在七月举行。故选A项。
【3题详解】
细节理解题。由最后一段中的“They celebrate the Catholic Guy Fawkes' failed attempt to blow up the Houses of Parliament (议会院) on 5 November, 1605.”（他们庆祝天主教徒福克斯在1605年11月5日炸毁议会大厦的企图失败。），可知Guy Fawkes Day是一个历史事件。故选D项。
【答案】4. A 5. B 6. A 7. D
【解析】
这是一篇新闻报道。文章介绍了Cory Nichol创建了一个名为C the Difference的慈善组织，Cory通过电子邮件和社交媒体传播该组织，筹集捐款，让那些不幸运的人从所有的捐赠中受益，他出色的工作得到社区的认可。
【4题详解】
细节理解题。根据第一段中“Cory Nichol's whole life changed after he watched the documentary Hard Times.”Cory的整个生活在他观看了纪录片《艰难时刻》之后发生了改变，以及第二段中“He founded an organization named “C the Difference”. The first step of his charity was to advertise.”他成立了一个名为“C the Difference”的组织，他慈善事业的第一步是做广告。由此可知，看完纪录片后，Cory成立了一个慈善组织。故选A项。
【5题详解】
细节理解题。根据第三段中“Since founding the organization “C the Difference”, Cory has gotten the word out through e-mail and social media He has managed to get upwards of 7,500 and the amount will keep ring each month”自成立这个组织以来，Cory通过电子邮件和社交媒体传播了这个词，他已经筹集了7500多美元，这个数额每个月会持续增长。由此可知Cory试图通过传播这个词来筹集资金。故选B项。
【6题详解】
细节理解题。根据倒数第二段“Cory was honored when he found out the news, and even more shocked When he found out that he was one of the only 102 winners out of the 28.000 applicants,”
Cory得知这个消息后感到很荣幸，但更令他震惊的是，在28000申请者中，他是仅有的102名获奖者之一，可知，得知自己获奖后, Cory感到既荣幸又震惊。故选A项。
【7题详解】
推理判断题。根据最后一段中“In addition, Cory wants to keep “C the Difference” going through high school. “I am continuing to get donations, and to get younger kids and my peers involved to help each month”。此外，Cory还想让C the Difference贯穿整个高中，‘我还在继续捐款，每个月都让更小的小孩子和我的同龄人参与帮忙’可知，我们可以从文章中推断Cory将继续他的慈善事业。故选D项。
【答案】8. C 9. B 10. D 11. C
【解析】
这是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了在处理塑料污染方面，把可回收塑料重组成衣服的一部分不失为一个好办法，但研究表明，合成型衣服的清洗会产生大量纤维，其中微纤维对海洋环境的危害最为严重。
【8题详解】
细节理解题。由第一段“During the last five years, a large number of clothing companies, businesses and environmental organizations have started turning plastics into fabric to deal with plastic pollution. ”可知，在过去的五年里，很多制衣公司，企业和环境组织已经开始把塑料转换成纤维来解决环境污染问题。结合上文，企业是用可回收塑料瓶转换成纤维。由此，在这五年会有很多塑料瓶被再次利用，结合选项，故选C。
【9题详解】
细节理解题。由第三段“He discovered that every single water sample contained microfibers.”可知，Browne通过自己的研究发现世界各地海水样本中都存在微纤维。结合第四段Plastic can cause harm to sea life when eaten.可知，微纤维对海洋生物有很大的危害。由此，合成型衣服的清洗会产生大量微纤维，微纤维的排放会加重海洋问题，结合选项，故选B。
【10题详解】
推理判断题。由最后一段“When he asked well-known clothing companies to support Benign by Design-his research project that seeks to get clothes that have a bad effect on humans and the environment out of the market, Browne didn’t get a satisfying answer. ”可知，在Browne要求世界知名制衣公司支持把对人类和环境有危害的衣服撤出市场的研究项目时，Browne并没有得到一个令人满意的答案。由此可推知，他的研究项目Benign by Design遇到了难题，结合选项，故选D。
【11题详解】
标题判断题。由第一段“ During the last five years, a large number of clothing companies, businesses and environmental organizations have started turning plastics into fabric to deal with plastic pollution.”（ 在过去的五年里，大量的服装公司、企业和环保组织已经开始将塑料变成织物来处理塑料污染）和第一段“Research now shows that microfibers could be the biggest source of plastic in the sea.”（ 研究显示,微纤维是海洋塑料的最大来源。）由此可知，文章就这项技术究竟是对环境的保护还是对环境的再次污染进行说明。故C项（Recycled plastic clothing: solution or pollution ）回收塑料服装：是解决方案还是污染？能够概括文章中心，可作为标题。故选C。
【答案】12. B 13. A 14. D 15. C
【解析】
这是一篇说明文。中国传统农历将一年分为24个节气。两千多年前，中国古人根据对太阳运动的观察，创造了这一个整体框架来标记每年的时间流逝。文章介绍了24节气制度不仅指导农业生产，指导农民期待气温变化、春耕秋收，而且指导着中国人的日常生活。二十四节气是中国人普遍的认知系统。它体现了中国人尊重自然、与自然和谐相处的情感纽带、智慧和创造力。
【12题详解】
细节理解题。根据第一段中The traditional Chinese lunar calendar divides the year into 24 solar terms. More than 2000 years ago, ancient Chinese people created this overall framework to mark the annual passage of time based on observations of the sun's motion.可知中国传统农历将一年分为24个节气。两千多年前，中国古人根据对太阳运动的观察，创造了这一个整体框架来标记每年的时间流逝。由此可知，24节气在中国古代是根据太阳的运动而定的。故选B。
【13题详解】
细节理解题。根据第二段中Summer Solstice and Winter Solstice are two days of the year with the longest and shortest amount of daylight respectively, while Spring Equinox and Autumn Equinox are days with the most balanced amount of daytime and nighttime.可知夏至和冬至是一年中日照时间最长和最短的两天，春分和秋分是昼夜日照最平衡的两天。由此可知，春分和秋分的共同特征是它们的白天和黑夜一样长。故选A。
【14题详解】
词义猜测题。根据划线词后文such as eating spring pancakes at Start of Spring, sweeping ancestors' tombs at Qing Ming, gaining weight to keep warm at Start of Autumn and eating nutritious food to store energy at Start of Winter. They have actually became important rituals in Chinese life.可知立春吃春饼、清明节扫墓、立秋增肥保暖、立冬吃营养食品储存能量等季节性的习俗开始流行。这些季节性的习俗实际上已经成为中国人生活中重要的仪式。由此可知，划线单词意思为“流行”。A. Cheer欢呼；B. Honor.荣誉；C. Appreciation.欣赏；D. Fashion.流行。故选D。
【15题详解】
主旨大意题。根据第一段中The traditional Chinese lunar calendar divides the year into 24 solar terms. More than 2000 years ago, ancient Chinese people created this overall framework to mark the annual passage of time based on observations of the sun's motion.可知中国传统农历将一年分为24个节气。两千多年前，中国古人根据对太阳运动的观察，创造了这一个整体框架来标记每年的时间流逝。文章还介绍了24节气制度不仅指导农业生产，指导农民期待气温变化、春耕秋收，而且指导着中国人的日常生活。二十四节气是中国人普遍的认知系统。它体现了中国人尊重自然、与自然和谐相处的情感纽带、智慧和创造力。由此可知，这篇文章的主要内容是24节气在中国的起源和影响。故选C。
2019-2022三年高二下学期英语期末试卷汇编
阅读理解
辽宁省葫芦岛市普通高中2021-2022学年高二下学期期末学业质量监测英语试题
第一节 （共15小题；每小题2. 5分, 满分37. 5分）
阅读下列短文, 从每题所给的四个选项（A、B、C和D）中, 选出最佳选项, 并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
A
Ultimate Driver
Most people above 16 years old have a strong wish that they should drive on the road by themselves. Thus getting a license is an exciting time in their life. Ultimate Drivers is there to help your teen learn the rules of the road and gain crucial driving experience.
What We Offer
Ultimate Drivers' Program will help students prepare for their road test and give them the skills they need to become lifelong safe and defensive drivers.
The beginner program offers 20 hours of in-class training, 12 hours of homework assignments and 8 hours of in-car training. Each in-class training lasts 120 minutes and each one-on-one in-car training 80 minutes. What's more, students can be picked up for free from home, work or school.
What You Need Know
Students can complete the classroom part of 1he course in just two weekends or if it better suits their schedules, they can take it during the evenings on weekdays. There are also classes offered during the holiday break.
Students can start taking the classroom part of the driving training without the Gl license, but do need it by the time they're ready to start the in-car driving lessons.
What Extra Benefits Are
The beginner drivers can gain much through the program. After that they'll receive student testimonials（证明书）. The testimonials show teenagers who have taken the course feel more confident in their abilities and many believe they couldn't have passed the road test without it.
Sign up before April fifth, and students can also get an insurance discount!
21. How many times does the program offer in-class training
A. 8. B. 10. C. 12. D. 20.
22. What do students need to do to have in-car driving lessons
A. Get the G1 license. B. Finish the classroom part.
C. Take out insurance. D. Receive a student testimonial.
23. What type of writing is the text
A. A review. B. An announcement.
C. A guide. D. An advertisement.
B
Traveling on an airplane can be a very tiring task even in the best of circumstances, which is why when Sophie Murphy boarded a recent flight from Sydney to Melbourne and noticed an “awful tension” in the cabin, she first thought it was caused by typical bad-tempered passengers. But as the flight neared its end, it became obvious that something was very wrong.
A teenage boy with Down syndrome （唐氏综合症）who was traveling with his family had become upset and would not return to his seat, regardless of the cabin crew's warnings over the loudspeaker that it was almost time to land. The pilot was forced to circle above the airport, delaying the landing——and angering people on the already tense flight.
"If it were a cartoon, " remembered Murphy, "there would have been smoke coming out of people's cars. "
As the boy's elderly parents and adult brothers and sisters tried to persuade him to get off the floor and back into his seat, but in vain, Murpohy, 42—who had been a teacher for more than 20 years —— stood up and quickly headed to the back of the plane.
She found the boy in the passage between rows of seats, lying on his belly, and lay down on her stomach to face him. She began chatting calmly with him, asking his name, his favorite book, and his favorite characters. Ile told her he felt sick and she tried to comfort him.
Minutes later, he allowed her to hold his hand—and then together they got properly back into airplane seats. Murphy asked for sick bags, and held them as the boy threw up several times, including on her. As she helped him clean up, she repeatedly told him everything would be okay and that they'd get through it together.
'After the plane was finally able to land, no one was impatient to step off the flight as one might expect. Instead, calmed passengers—obviously following Murphy's amazing example —allowed the boy and his family to depart first, smiling at them as they passed. His parents tearfully thanked Murphy for what she had done, and a doctor sitting nearby also let her know he had even taken notes on her expert way of handling the situation.
24. How did Murphy manage to handle the "awful tension"
A. She communicated with the boy.
B. She fought against unfair treatment.
C. She asked an experienced doctor to help.
D. She called on other passengers to join her.
25. The landing was delayed because __________________.
A. a family ignored the warnings
B. a boy refused to sit in his seat
C. smoke was coming out of the engine
D. the pilot was forced to change the destination
26. What changed the angry passengers' attitude at last
A. The boy's improvement. B. The plane's safe landing.
C. The teacher's efforts. D. The crew's behavior.
27. Which of the following words can best describe Murphy
A. Kind and cool-headed. B. Patient and interested.
C. Wise and cooperative. D. Generous and cautious.
C
Scientists in Australia have discovered that they can use the world's smelliest fruits to make devices that could power electric cars. A durian is a fruit that looks like a pineapple. It is a delicacy in some Asian countries, but its smell is so unpleasant that some of those countries have banned it from public places. Its smell has been compared to rotting eggs and even smelly old gym socks.
Vincent Gomes and his colleagues at the University of Sydney, in Australia, used a durian and a jackfruit—another fruit known for its terrible smell—to make energy-storing devices called supercapacitors.
Supercapacitors are an alternative to batteries. They can't store as much energy as a normal battery does, but they are much quicker to recharge. Durians and jackfruits contain some of the chemicals used in supercapacitors, which gave Gomes the idea. To make the fruit-based devices, the team heated and then freeze-dried the uneatable cores of the durian and jackfruit to make a special kind of material called an aerogel.
Aerogels are one of the world's lightest solid materials. Often called "frozen smoke", they are made by removing the liquid from a gel （凝胶） and replacing it with air. They have many scientific uses, but one of their special properties is the ability to conduct electric currents, which makes them an important part of supercapacitors. The aerogels made from durian and jackfruit both worked well when placed inside a supercapacitor, although the durian aerogel was found to be the better of the two.
The discovery is important because the materials currently used to make supercapacitors are expensive. Using natural foods like durians and jackfruits, Gomes says, could reduce. environmental pollution, as well as costs.
28. What makes some countries have different attitudes toward the durian
A. Its appearance. B. Its smell. C. Its value. D. Its popularity.
29. Which paragraph mentions Gomes's inspiration of innovation
A. Paragraph 1. B. Paragraph 2. C. Paragraph 3 D. Paragraph 4.
30. What does the underlined word “them” In Paragraph 4 refer to
A. Properties. B. Scientific uses. C. Electric currents. D. Aerogels.
31. What can we learn about fruit-based supercapacitors
A. They are light and liquid. B. They are green and economical.
C. They are chemicals from durians. D. They are devices for producing electricity.
D
Pandas have always been one of the cutest creatures of the animal kingdom, but did you know that there are actually two types of pandas
These animals are divided into Sichuan and Qinling subspecies（亚种群）. The Qinling giant panda, which lives in Shaanxi and Gansu provinces, has a round head and short mouth, which makes it look like a cat. The Sichuangiant panda, which lives in Sichuan province, is more bear-like and has a bigger and more oval（椭圆形的） head, according to a study published in a recent issue of the Chinese Science Bulletin.
The study, conducted by Zhejiang University, the BGI Life Science Research Institution and the China Conservation and Research Center for the Giant Panda, showed the subspecies' differences and evolutionary （进化的） characteristics, including the first report on the genome （基因组）of the Qinling subspecies.
The two subspecies evolved around 10, 000 to 12, 00 years ago, which means they haven't contacted one another for at least 10, 000 years. Besides their different physical features, the Sichuan subspecies is better adapted to survive in the wild due to its history of greater genetic variation. The Qinling subspecies never migrated （迁徙）across the Yellow River Basin, so it has had no major changes in genetic variation.
The key factors affecting the long-term survival of a species are its ability to reproduce and develop immunity（免疫力）against disease. When it comes to making babies, the Sichuan subspecies is more reproductive than the Qinling subspecies, said Fang Shengguo, a professor at Zhejiang University's College of Life Sciences.
Pandas were once meat eaters but later turned to a bamboo diet. In response to the huge changes in their eating habits, they evolved relatively small internal organs to slow down their metabolism（新陈代谢）. Changes in giant panda genes are mainly related to their reproductive system, which may be responsible for their reduced reproduction, according to the study.
Accurate genetic management is important in artificial breeding（繁殖）and conservation, Fang pointed out. He also suggested gene exchanges between small populations of pandas within the same subspecies should be sped up, which could help reduce inbreeding （近亲交配）and genetic decline. "Unless the species is in danger, interbreeding between the two subspecies should be avoided as much as possible. Otherwise, the reproduction of the of spring （后代）may be reduced, which would be very bad for the Sichuan subspecies population, " said Fang, who also noted the importance of restoring pandas habitats.
32. What do we know about pandas
A. The Sichuan subspecies tends to live longer.
B. They mainly live in two provinces in China.
C. The Qinling subspecies is less able to reproduce.
D. The two subspecies share similar facial features.
33. According to the study, what could be the reason for pandas' reduced reproduction
A. The frequent migration in the wild.
B. The shortage of bamboo for them to eat.
C. The decreased immunity against disease.
D. The changes in genes related to reproduction.
34. What does Fang Shengguo think is a better solution to pandas inbreeding
A. Accurate genetic management.
B. The restoration of pandas' habitats.
C. Interbreeding between the two subspecies.
D. Gene exchanges within the same subspecies.
35. What's the main purpose of the article
A. To report on new research about pandas.
B. To inform people of how pandas evolved.
C. To compare different subspecies of pandas.
D. To call on people to protect the endangered species.
辽宁省葫芦岛市普通高中2020-2021学年高二下学期期末学业质量监测英语试题（解析版）
第一节（共15小题；每小题2.5分，满分37.5分）
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项（A、B、C、D）中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
A
Amid the coronavirus outbreak, the U. S. Department of Homeland Security recommends having at least a two - week supply of water and food.
Potatoes
Shelf life ： 2 to 5 weeks if stored in a cool, dry, dark place
Yukon Gold, red, and fingerling potatoes will last from two to three weeks. Larger white potatoes can last for three to five weeks. Sweet potatoes have about the same shelf life. Don't store them next to onions, however. The two might go together well in cooking, but raw, each gives off gases and moisture that might cause the other to spoil faster.
Tea
※Shelf life： 6 to 12 months past "sell - by" date
Dried tea leaves, whether loose (in a sealed container) or in teabags (in an unopened box) can easily last a year or more if they' re not subjected to damp or humidity. However, the tea does tend to lose flavor over time.
Peanuts
● Shelf life ： 1 to 2 months
Peanuts in their shell, especially when kept cool and dry, are perfectly happy in the cupboard for as long as two months.
Canned fruits and vegetables
● Shelf life ： 1 to 2 years past "sell - by” date
Canning is an extremely efficient means of preserving food. Generally speaking, if canned foods aren't subjected to extreme heat, their contents should stay good for two years or more. Be aware, however, of dented cans or those with swollen tops, which may indicate the presence of bacteria inside.
1. Which can go bad faster if stored with onions
A. Potatoes. B. Tea.
C. Peanuts. D. Canned fruits and vegetables.
2. What is special about tea
A. The flavor of tea can always remain the same.
B. Tea leaves are better to be preserved in an open jar.
C. Tea leaves should be kept away from the state of being wet.
D. The maximum length of time that tea can be stored is 6 months.
3. What may shorten the "sell - by” date of canned foods
A. Shapes of cans. B. Categories of foods.
C. Decline of the temperature. D. Exposure to high temperature.
B
You’re in a crowd of people who are all asking for the same thing. How do you make your voice heard above the rest Be different. Don’t shout. Lisa, 25, was waiting to board a plane flying from London to Austria for Christmas when the flight was cancelled.
“There were about a hundred of us unable to leave,” she says. “Everyone else was shouting at the airport staff. Instead of joining in, I walked up to the man behind the ticket desk very quietly and said, ‘This must be so awful for you! I don’t know how you deal with these situations—it’s not even your fault. I could never handle it as well as you are.’ Without my even asking, he found me a seat on another airline with an upgrade to first class. He was happy to do a favor for someone who was appreciative instead of unfriendliness.”
Flattery (恭维) is an essential element of the sweet-talk strategy. “It’s human psychology that stroking a person’s ego (自我) with a few well-directed praises makes them want to prove you right,” says a psychologist. “Tell someone they’re pretty and they’ll instantly fix their hair; praise their sense of humor and they’ll tell a joke.”
You need help and there’s absolutely no reason that the person will want to lend a hand. Allison, 26. a lawyer, realized she’d made a huge mistake on a batch of documents. “The only way I could fix the problem was to get the help of a colleague who I knew didn’t like me,” she said.
Allison then went to the woman’s office and explained her problem. “As I was saying to the boss the other day you’re the only person who would know how to handle a situation like this, what would you suggest I do ” “Feeling pumped up (鼓励), she set about helping me and we finished the job on time, and she was happy to help.” Allison said.
4. What would have happened at the airport according to paragraph 1
A. The departure hall was filled with noise.
B. Someone screamed just lo be different.
C. The passengers waited on board patiently.
D. The airport stuff were rude to the passengers.
5. Why did the man put Lisa on another airline
A. He admired Lisa’s beauty. B. He appreciated her attitude.
C. He was ready to help others. D. He was blamed for the cancellation.
6. What is the third paragraph mainly about
A. The potential benefits of ego. B. The strategy to start small talk.
C. The great importance of flattery. D. The value of humor in daily life.
7. What can we learn about Allison’s colleague
A. She was a popular lawyer.
B. She was always ready to help others.
C. She always got praise from Allison.
D. She did a great favor for Allison eventually.
C
The United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO) included on December 17, 2020 China's Tai Chi on the Representative List of the Intangible（无形的）Cultural Heritage of Humanity. The decision was announced during the online meeting of the UNESCO Intergovernmental Committee for the Safeguarding of the Intangible Cultural Heritage held from December 14 to 19 in Kingston, capital of Jamaica.
“Born in the mid-17th century in a small village named Chenjiagou located in Central China's Henan province, Tai Chi is not only a kind of traditional Wushu integrated with slow movements and deep breathing, but is also deeply rooted in many areas of Chinese culture, such as medicine and philosophy,”Zhu Xianghua says, who is the son of the famous Tai Chi master Zhu Tiancai.
Although it has spread to more than 150 countries and regions, attracting more than 100 million people to practice, the idea that Tai Chi is for the elderly has stopped many young people practicing the ancient Wushu. They think of it as a slow exercise, which is specially made and better suited for their grandparents. Instead, many young people are turning to the Indian practice of yoga（瑜伽）to relieve stress, which was placed on the UNESCO's List in 2019.
In order to promote Tai Chi, joint efforts have been made from individuals and the Chinese government in the last decades. Xi'an Jiaotong University requires students to learn Tai Chi. Wang Yunbing, a professor in the university's sports center, stressed that Tai Chi is not only good physical exercise-researchers from the American College of Rheumatology find that it can help manage several diseases but is also conned ted to ancient Chinese eivilization. Since 2014, the World Tai Chi Championships have been held every two years by the International Wushu Federation. It provides a platform for communication and learning between the Tai Chi masters and Tai Chi lovers around the globe. In January 2020, Tai Chi became an official event in the 2026 Dakar Youth Olympic Games.
8. What does Zhu Xianghua say about Tai Chi in paragraph 2
A. It originated from fast Kung Fu action. B. It was born around the 1750s in a village.
C. It is related to other cultural fields of China. D. It integrates Chinese medicine and western philosophy.
9. Why do some young people choose to practice yoga instead of Tai Chi
A. They think it easier to practice yoga to keep fit.
B. The elderly stop young people practicing Tai Chi.
C. They consider Tai Chi is custom-built for old people.
D. Yoga was included in the world culture earlier than Tai Chi.
10. What is the main purpose of the last paragraph
A. To promote contemporary Chinese civilization.
B. To show many efforts made to popularize Tai Chi.
C. To stress the importance of Chinese Tai Chi masters.
D. To advise people to practise Tai Chi to cure diseases.
11. Which of the following is the best title for the passage
A. Tai Chi Steps on the UNESCO's List. B. Tai Chi is Competing against Yoga.
C. Tai Chi Has Regained populate Globally. D. Opinions Greatly Differ on Tai Chi and Yoga.
D
As a basic food in the Asian diet， soybeans（大豆） have been used to make tofu and soy milk for hundreds of years． But now， they are also being turned into an alternative to plastic wrap．
William Chen， a professor of food science and technology at Singapore's Nanyang Technological University， invented the environmentally﹣friendly food wrap． It's made of cellulose（纤维素），a form of fiber， obtained from the waste generated by soy bean product producers． The beans are pressed to squeeze out juice that's used to make tofu and soy milk． And what's left is usually thrown away， but Chen takes the waste and puts it through a fermentation（发酵） process， during which cellulose is produced．
Cellulose﹣based plastic wraps have been on the market for a few years， but Chen says that most are made from wood or corn， grown for that purpose． By contrast， his wrap is made from a waste product， which doesn't compete with other crops for land and is more sustainable． Chen's technology could help to solve two problems at once： cutting plastic production and reducing the amount of food waste．"In Singapore， the amount of food waste generated every year could fill up 15，000 Olympic﹣sized swimming pools，" Chen says．
F&N， a soy﹣based drinks producer， has partnered with Chen's lab and provides the product， straight from the factory． The company is conducting a study to assess whether the food wrap could complete commercially with conventional products． Chen adds，"The soy﹣based wrap costs almost nothing to make in the lab because the raw materials are free． Commercial production would involve additional expenses， such as storage and quality control， however， we have not calculated those costs yet．"
Chen hopes neighboring soy﹣loving countries will be inspired by Singapore to adopt his innovation． "My dream is that our technology， which is cheap and simple， will cut plastic and food waste and create a cleaner environment，" Chen says．
12. What is the second paragraph mainly about？
A. The introduction to William Chen．
B. The process of producing soy milk．
C. The way to make soy﹣based wrap．
D. The benefit of eating soy products．
13. What's the biggest difference of Chen's wrap from other cellulose﹣based plastic wraps？
A. It saves land for industry．
B. It's more easily broken down．
C. It is made from the food waste．
D. It has been put into practice for many years．
14. What will commercial production of the food wrap cause？
A. A lack of competitiveness．
B. Poor quality of the wraps．
C. A shortage of raw material．
D. An increase in production costs．
15. From which is the text probably taken？
A. A personal diary．
B. A travel guide．
C. A book review．
D. A scientific magazine．
辽宁省葫芦岛市2019-2020学年高二下学期期末考试英语试题（解析版）
第一节 (共15小题：每小题2.5分，满分37.5分)
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项(A、B、C和D)中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
A
The UK's music festivals are world famous but there are plenty more to celebrate in the country.
Burns Night, Scotland
On 25 January, Scots celebrate the life and works of Scotland's national poet Robert Burns by holding a special Burns Supper. This can be a chance for friends to get together with a huge formal dinner. Guests take it in turn to recite Burns' poems or sing one of his songs.
Hay Festival, Hay-on-Wye, Wales
For 10 days each May, the small town of Hay on-Wye on the edge of the Brecon Beacons National Park in Wales is filled with writers, filmmakers, musicians, and people who come to hear them talk and exchange ideas. The festival celebrates great writing of all genres (体裁) and it all takes place in a village in the town.
Camp Festival, Dorset
As a branch of a festival held in Dorset, it's one of the best family festivals in the UK Held every year in the grounds of the historic Lulworth Castle in Dorset, the festival includes top live music acts, but as the organizer say, “kids are king” at Camp Festival, with a wide variety of entertainment, workshops and fun for kids. The 2020 Camp Festival takes place from 25 to 28 July.
Guy Fawkes Day or “Bonfire Night”
All over the UK on 5 November, the British light bonfires and set off fireworks in their back gardens or, more commonly these days, at organized events in public parks. They celebrate the Catholic Guy Fawkes' failed attempt to blow up the Houses of Parliament (议会院) on 5 November, 1605.
1. Which festivals are related to literature (文学)
A. Hay Festival and Camp Festival. B. Bums Night and Hay Festival.
C. Burs Night and Guy Fawkes Day. D. Camp Festival and Guy Fawkes Day.
2. When does the festival most attractive to children take place
A. In July. B. In May. C. In January. D. In November.
3. What does Guy Fawkes Day celebrate
A. An impressive building. B. A successful adventure.
C. An organized game. D. A historical event.
B
Cory Nichol's whole life changed after he watched the documentary (纪录片) Hard Times. Lost on Long Island. This documentary follows four different families over six months as they struggle with unemployment. Cory knew he had to help any way that he could.
He founded an organization named “C the Difference”. The first step of his charity was to advertise. Using his own money, Cory had orange bracelets (手链) made. Now, he has sold the bracelets. A lot of people who are willing to donate bought them. “We've gotten donations from $5 to $500,” Cory said. “Every dollar really helps.”
Since founding the organization “C the Difference”, Cory has gotten the word out through e-mail and social media He has managed to get upwards of 7,500 and the amount will keep ring each month For Cox, his work is truly rewarding and he loves knowing that poll fortunate than him are really benefiting tom al the donations Once he said, “I was in the pantry (食品室) one time when a woman was taking food, and she was grateful for what I was doing That made me feel great.”
Cory's work has been truly remarkable. These past years he was recognized for “C the Difference” and was a recipient (获得者) of the New York State Prudential Spirit of Community Award. Cory was honored when he found out the news, and even more shocked When he found out that he was one of the only 102 winners out of the 28.000 applicants, As a recipient Cory got to travel to Washington D.C. with the other winners.
There are bright things in Cory's future. First, he wants to keep doing well in school. “I think school is really important to be successful in life.” In addition, Cory wants to keep “C the Difference” going through high school. “I am continuing to get donations, and to get younger kids and my peers involved to help each month”.
4. After watching the documentary, Cory _______.
A. set up a charity organization B. found a job in Long Island
C donated money immediately D. felt the documentary interesting
5. Cory tried to raise enough money by _______.
A. wearing a ring and a bracelet B. spreading the word out
C. phoning to his friends D. collecting from his classmates
6. Cory felt _______ after he knew he was given an award.
A. proud and surprised B. interested and delighted
C. embarrassed and puzzled D. ashamed and frightened
7. We can infer from the passage that Cory will _______.
A. travel in Long Island alone B. stop raising money
C. study in Washington D. go on his charity
C
The idea of turning recycled plastic bottles into clothing is not new. During the last five years, a large number of clothing companies, businesses and environmental organizations have started turning plastics into fabric to deal with plastic pollution. But there’s a problem with this method. Research now shows that microfibers could be the biggest source of plastic in the sea.
Dr. Mark Browne in Santa Barbara, California, has been studying plastic pollution and microfibers for 10 years now. He explains that every time synthetic clothes go into a washing machine, a large number of plastic fibers fall off. Most washing machines can’t collect these microfibers. So every time the water gets out of a washing machine, microfibers are entering the sewers and finally end up in the sea.
In 2011, Browne wrote a paper stating that a single piece of synthetic(合成的) clothing can produce more than 1, 900 fibers per wash. Browne collected samples from seawater and freshwater sites around the world, and used a special way to examine each sample. He discovered that every single water sample contained microfibers.
This is bad news for a number of reasons. Plastic can cause harm to sea life when eaten. Studies have also shown that plastic can absorb other pollutants.
Based on this evidence, it may seem surprising that companies and organizations have chosen to turn plastic waste into clothing as an environmental “solution.” Even though the science has been around for a while, Browne explains that he's had a difficult time getting companies to listen. When he asked well-known clothing companies to support Benign by Design-his research project that seeks to get clothes that have a bad effect on humans and the environment out of the market, Browne didn’t get a satisfying answer. Only one women’s clothing company, Eileen Fisher, offered Browne funding.
8. What has happened during the past five years
A. Fabric has become much stronger. B. Plastic pollution has been less serious.
C. Many plastic bottles have been reused. D. Microfibers have been greatly improved.
9. What does Browne think of washing synthetic clothes
A. It is adding microfibers to the clothes.
B. It is worsening environmental problems.
C. It is making synthetic clothes last longer.
D It is doing great damage to washing machines.
10. What can be inferred about Browne’s Benign by Design research project
A. It has achieved great success. B. It hasn’t got anything done.
C. It is known to very few people. D. It is facing some difficulties.
11. What’s the best title for the text
A. It’s important to learn to recycle
B. It’s never easy to solve pollution problems
C. Recycled plastic clothing: solution or pollution
D. Are human beings moving forward or backward
D
The traditional Chinese lunar calendar divides the year into 24 solar terms More than 2000 years ago, ancient Chinese people created this overall framework to mark the annual passage of time based on observations of the sun's motion. In the international meteorological field (国际气象界) the 24 solar terms are honored as “the fifth great invention of China”.
The 24 solar terms begins with Start of Spring followed by Rain Water, Insects Awaken...and ends up with Minor Cold and Major Cold. Summer Solstice and Winter Solstice are two days of the year with the longest and shortest amount of daylight respectively, while Spring Equinox and Autumn Equinox are days with the most balanced amount of daytime and nighttime. Through these four parts, a year is divided into four part: Spring Summer, Autumn and Winter.
In ancient times this system not only guided agricultural production, instructing farmers to expect the changes in temperature, spring planting and autumn harvest but also directed Chinese folk customs. For example, Winter Solstice was the first one set among 24 terms and later developed into a festival to worship Heaven and ancestors. Every year at Winter Solstice, emperors of Ming and Qing dynasties would go to the temple of Heaven to hold a ceremony to worship Heaven, for good weather for their crop, and peace and prosperity for the country.
Nowadays, the 24 solar terms could not only be applied to farming but also guide Chinese everyday life. They remind people to adapt to the changes in the seasons through suitable food and cultural rituals (文化仪式). Seasonal customs are sill the rage such as eating spring pancakes at Start of Spring, sweeping ancestors' tombs at Qing Ming, gaining weight to keep warm at Start of Autumn and eating nutritious food to store energy at Start of Winter. They have actually became important rituals in Chinese life.
The 24 solar terms is a common cognitive system among Chinese. It reflects the emotional bond, the wisdom and creativity of Chinese, who respect and live in harmony with nature.
12. How were the 24 solar terms created in ancient China
A. They were the results of leaning from each other.
B. They were set based on the movements of the sun.
C. They were created according to the change of the weather.
D. They were gradually developed from the practical experience.
13. What is a common feature of Spring Equinox and Autumn Equinox
A. They both have the same amount of day and night.
B. They were set only for guiding agricultural activities.
C. They both play the role in dividing a day into day and night
D. They are the days on which the length of a day is longer than night.
14. What does the underlined word in Paragraph 4 probably mean
A. Cheer B. Honor. C. Appreciation. D. Fashion.
15 What’s the text mainly about
A. The reasons for the recognition of the 24 solar terms.
B. The invention of the 24 solar terms in ancient China.
C. The origin and influence of the 24 solar terms in China
D. The ways to handle the relationship between human and nature.
答案：
辽宁省葫芦岛市普通高中2021-2022学年高二下学期期末学业质量监测英语试题
21—23 BAD 24—27 ABCA 28—31BCDB 32—35CDDA
辽宁省葫芦岛市普通高中2020-2021学年高二下学期期末学业质量监测英语试题（解析版）
【答案】1. A 2. C 3. D
【解析】
【分析】本文是一篇应用文。文章主要介绍了一些食物的保质期以及保存方法。
【1题详解】
细节理解题。根据小标题Potatoes中的“Sweet potatoes have about the same shelf life. Don't store them next to onions, however. The two might go together well in cooking, but raw, each gives off gases and moisture that might cause the other to spoil faster. ”红薯的保质期也差不多。但是，不要把它们放在洋葱旁边。这两种食物在烹饪时可能搭配得很好，但生食时，它们会释放出气体和水分，可能会让另一种食物更快变质。由此可知，土豆和洋葱放一起会更快变质，故选A。
【2题详解】
细节理解题。根据小标题Tea中的“Dried tea leaves, whether loose (in a sealed container) or in teabags (in an unopened box) can easily last a year or more if they' re not subjected to damp or humidity. However, the tea does tend to lose flavor over time.” 干茶叶，无论是松散的(在密封的容器中)还是茶包(在未开封的盒子中)，只要不受潮或潮湿，都可以很容易地保存一年或更长时间。然而，随着时间的推移，这种茶确实会失去味道。由此可知茶叶不能受潮，故选C。
【3题详解】
细节理解题。根据小标题Canned fruits and vegetables中的“Generally speaking, if canned foods aren't subjected to extreme heat, their contents should stay good for two years or more. ” 一般来说，如果罐头食品不经受极端高温，其里面的食品应保持良好两年或更久。由此可知，罐头食品如果经受高温，保质期可能会缩短，故选D。
【点睛】应用文多是细节理解题。一般定位关键词适用于解答细节理解题。通过定位关键词解题，考生在阅读题干时，把题干中有标记意义的词或词组标记出来，或者选项中的关键词，然后用这个词回到原文当中定位。如小题1题干中的stored with onions，再如小题3题干中的canned foods，可以帮助快速找出答案。
【答案】4. A 5. B 6. C 7. D
【解析】
【分析】
【4题详解】
细节理解题。由文章第一段“How do you make your voice heard above the rest Be different. Don’t shout.”可知让你的声音与众不同的方法就是不要大声喊叫，可见飞机场里会发生的事情是出发厅里会充满了嘈杂声。故选A。
【5题详解】
细节理解题。文章第二段最后“He was happy to do a favor for someone who was appreciative instead of unfriendliness.”表明那个机场工作人员之所以给Lisa换航班是因为他愿意帮那些会欣赏别人的人而不是只会对别人充满敌意的人。故选B。
【6题详解】
主旨大意题。第三段的第一句话总括整段内容“Flattery (恭维) is an essential element of the sweet-talk strategy.”，即恭维是良好说话策略的必要因素，后面引用心理学家的话来论证这个论点。故选C。
【7题详解】
推理判断题。文章最后一段“Feeling pumped up (鼓励), she set about helping me and we finished the job on time, and she was happy to help.”说明Allison的同事受到了鼓励后，开始帮助她，在她的帮助下她们及时完成了工作而且她同事还对帮助了Allison这件事感到很愉快。故选D。
【答案】8. C 9. C 10. B 11. A
【解析】
【分析】这是一篇说明文。文章讲述了联合国教科文卫组织将中国的太极拳列入非物质文化遗产的名录中。同时文章还介绍了个人和组织如何推广太极拳的。
【8题详解】
推理判断题。根据文章第二段““Born in the mid-17th century in a small village named Chenjiagou located in Central China's Henan province, Tai Chi is not only a kind of traditional Wushu integrated with slow movements and deep breathing, but is also deeply rooted in many areas of Chinese culture, such as medicine and philosophy,”Zhu Xianghua says, who is the son of the famous Tai Chi master Zhu Tiancai.”（“太极拳诞生于17世纪中叶，位于中国中部河南省一个名叫陈家沟的小村庄里，它不仅是一种融合了缓慢动作和深呼吸的传统武术，而且还深深植根于中国文化的许多领域。 “例如医学和哲学。”朱香华说，他是著名的太极拳大师朱天才的儿子。）可知，太极拳和中国文化的其他领域相互结合。故选C项。
【9题详解】
细节理解题。根据文章第三段“Although it has spread to more than 150 countries and regions, attracting more than 100 million people to practice, the idea that Tai Chi is for the elderly has stopped many young people practicing the ancient Wushu. They think of it as a slow exercise, which is specially made and better suited for their grandparents.”（尽管太极拳已经传播到150多个国家和地区，吸引了1亿多人练习，但是太极拳是为老年人而设计的，这使许多年轻人停止了练习古老的武术。 他们认为这是一种慢运动，它是特制的，更适合其祖父母。）可知，很多年轻人误认为太极拳只适合老年人练习，故而转身去练习瑜伽。故选C项。
【10题详解】
推理判断题。根据文章最后一段“In order to promote Tai Chi, joint efforts have been made from individuals and the Chinese government in the last decades. Xi'an Jiaotong University requires students to learn Tai Chi. Wang Yunbing, a professor in the university's sports center, stressed that Tai Chi is not only good physical exercise-researchers from the American College of Rheumatology find that it can help manage several diseases but is also conned ted to ancient Chinese eivilization. Since 2014, the World Tai Chi Championships have been held every two years by the International Wushu Federation. It provides a platform for communication and learning between the Tai Chi masters and Tai Chi lovers around the globe. In January 2020, Tai Chi became an official event in the 2026 Dakar Youth Olympic Games.”（为了推广太极拳，在过去的几十年里，个人和中国政府共同努力。西安交通大学要求学生学习太极。该校体育中心教授王云冰强调，太极不仅是一种很好的体育锻炼——美国风湿病学会的研究人员发现，太极拳有助于控制多种疾病，而且与中国古代文明息息相关。自2014年以来，世界太极锦标赛每两年由国际武术联合会举办一次。它为全球太极大师和太极爱好者提供了一个交流和学台。2020年1月，太极拳成为2026年达喀尔青年奥运会的正式比赛项目。）可知，文章在最后一段介绍了个人和组织为推广太极而做出的努力。故选B项。
【11题详解】
主旨大意题。根据文章第一段“The United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO) included on December 17, 2020 China's Tai Chi on the Representative List of the Intangible (无形的) Cultural Heritage of Humanity. The decision was announced during the online meeting of the UNESCO Intergovernmental Committee for the Safeguarding of the Intangible Cultural Heritage held from December 14 to 19 in Kingston, capital of Jamaica.”（联合国教育，科学及文化组织（UNESCO）于2020年12月17日将中国的太极拳列入人类无形的文化遗产代表作名录。 这项决定是在12月14日至19日在牙买加首都金斯敦举行的联合国教科文组织保护非物质文化遗产政府间委员会在线会议上宣布的。）和后文对太极拳的介绍可知，本文主要讲述联合国教科文卫组织将中国的太极拳列入非物质文化遗产保护名录。A项符合题意。故选A项。
【答案】12. C 13. C 14. D 15. D
【解析】
【分析】本文为说明文。自古以来，大豆就是亚洲人最喜欢的食物，可被制成豆腐、浆、酱油和各种豆制品，但现在，受欢迎的大豆的豆渣也能变成塑料包装的环保袋。新加坡南洋理工大学的食品科学和技术教授就用豆渣制作了环保的食品包装。这种技术既便宜又简单，能减少塑料和食品的浪费，创造一个更清洁的环境。
【12题详解】
主旨大意题。根据第二段中的“William Chen， a professor of food science and technology at Singapore's Nanyang Technological University， invented the environmentally﹣friendly food wrap．” 新加坡南洋理工大学食品科学与技术教授陈伟新（William Chen）发明了环保食品包装方式。接着本段下文对这种用豆渣制作包装的方式进行了详细的叙述。可知，本段主要关于用豆渣制作食物包装的方式，故选C。
【13题详解】
细节理解题。根据第三段中的“but Chen says that most are made from wood or corn， grown for that purpose． By contrast， his wrap is made from a waste product ,which doesn't compete with other crops for land and is more sustainable．” 但是陈先生说，大多数塑料薄膜都是用木材或玉米制成的。相比之下，他的塑料薄膜是用废弃的产品制成的。可知，陈的包装与其他纤维素塑料包装最大的区别它是由食物残渣制成的。这种产品不会与其他作物争夺土地，而且更具可持续性．分析选项可知C项符合题意，故选C。
【14题详解】
推理判断题。倒数第二段中的Chen adds，"The soy﹣based wrap costs almost nothing to make in the lab because the raw materials are free． Commercial production would involve additional expenses， such as storage and quality control， however， we have not calculated those costs yet．"陈补充道：“大豆基包装材料在实验室几乎不需要花费任何成本，因为它的原材料是免费的。商业生产将涉及额外的费用，如储存和质量控制，但我们尚未计算这些费用。”由此可推断出食品包装的商业化生产会导致生产成本的增加，D项符合题意，故选D。
【15题详解】
D
推理判断题。阅读全文可知，文章主要叙述了新加坡南洋理工大学的食品科学和技术教授依靠科学技术利用豆渣制作出环保的食品包装。可知文章涉及科学，由此可知，本文应选自科学杂志。故选D。
辽宁省葫芦岛市2019-2020学年高二下学期期末考试英语试题（解析版）
【答案】1. B 2. A 3. D
【解析】
这是一篇说明文。文章讲述了英国的四个节日的相关信息。
【1题详解】
细节理解题。由第二段中的“On 25 January, Scots celebrate the life and works of Scotland's national poet Robert Burns by holding a special Burns Supper.”（1月25日，苏格兰人举行特别的伯恩斯晚餐，庆祝苏格兰民族诗人罗伯特·伯恩斯的生平和作品。）和第三段中的“For 10 days each May, the small town of Hay on-Wye on the edge of the Brecon Beacons National Park in Wales is filled with writers, filmmakers, musicians, and people who come to hear them talk and exchange ideas.”（每年5月的10天里，威尔士布莱肯信标国家公园边上的小城Hay on Wye挤满了作家、电影制作人、音乐家以及前来聆听他们谈话和交流想法的人们。），可知Bums Night和Hay Festival与文学有关。故选B项。
【2题详解】
细节理解题。由倒数第二段“As a branch of a festival held in Dorset, it's one of the best family festivals in the UK Held every year in the grounds of the historic Lulworth Castle in Dorset, the festival includes top live music acts, but as the organizer say, “kids are king” at Camp Festival, with a wide variety of entertainment, workshops and fun for kids. The 2020 Camp Festival takes place from 25 to 28 July.”（作为在多塞特举行的音乐节的一个分支，这是英国最好的家庭节日之一，每年都在多塞特历史悠久的卢沃思城堡举行，音乐节包括顶级现场音乐表演，但正如主办方所说，在夏令营节“孩子是国王”，它为孩子们提供各种各样的娱乐、工作坊和乐趣。2020年夏令营节于7月25日至28日举行。），可知最吸引孩子们的节日在七月举行。故选A项。
【3题详解】
细节理解题。由最后一段中的“They celebrate the Catholic Guy Fawkes' failed attempt to blow up the Houses of Parliament (议会院) on 5 November, 1605.”（他们庆祝天主教徒福克斯在1605年11月5日炸毁议会大厦的企图失败。），可知Guy Fawkes Day是一个历史事件。故选D项。
【答案】4. A 5. B 6. A 7. D
【解析】
这是一篇新闻报道。文章介绍了Cory Nichol创建了一个名为C the Difference的慈善组织，Cory通过电子邮件和社交媒体传播该组织，筹集捐款，让那些不幸运的人从所有的捐赠中受益，他出色的工作得到社区的认可。
【4题详解】
细节理解题。根据第一段中“Cory Nichol's whole life changed after he watched the documentary Hard Times.”Cory的整个生活在他观看了纪录片《艰难时刻》之后发生了改变，以及第二段中“He founded an organization named “C the Difference”. The first step of his charity was to advertise.”他成立了一个名为“C the Difference”的组织，他慈善事业的第一步是做广告。由此可知，看完纪录片后，Cory成立了一个慈善组织。故选A项。
【5题详解】
细节理解题。根据第三段中“Since founding the organization “C the Difference”, Cory has gotten the word out through e-mail and social media He has managed to get upwards of 7,500 and the amount will keep ring each month”自成立这个组织以来，Cory通过电子邮件和社交媒体传播了这个词，他已经筹集了7500多美元，这个数额每个月会持续增长。由此可知Cory试图通过传播这个词来筹集资金。故选B项。
【6题详解】
细节理解题。根据倒数第二段“Cory was honored when he found out the news, and even more shocked When he found out that he was one of the only 102 winners out of the 28.000 applicants,”
Cory得知这个消息后感到很荣幸，但更令他震惊的是，在28000申请者中，他是仅有的102名获奖者之一，可知，得知自己获奖后, Cory感到既荣幸又震惊。故选A项。
【7题详解】
推理判断题。根据最后一段中“In addition, Cory wants to keep “C the Difference” going through high school. “I am continuing to get donations, and to get younger kids and my peers involved to help each month”。此外，Cory还想让C the Difference贯穿整个高中，‘我还在继续捐款，每个月都让更小的小孩子和我的同龄人参与帮忙’可知，我们可以从文章中推断Cory将继续他的慈善事业。故选D项。
【答案】8. C 9. B 10. D 11. C
【解析】
这是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了在处理塑料污染方面，把可回收塑料重组成衣服的一部分不失为一个好办法，但研究表明，合成型衣服的清洗会产生大量纤维，其中微纤维对海洋环境的危害最为严重。
【8题详解】
细节理解题。由第一段“During the last five years, a large number of clothing companies, businesses and environmental organizations have started turning plastics into fabric to deal with plastic pollution. ”可知，在过去的五年里，很多制衣公司，企业和环境组织已经开始把塑料转换成纤维来解决环境污染问题。结合上文，企业是用可回收塑料瓶转换成纤维。由此，在这五年会有很多塑料瓶被再次利用，结合选项，故选C。
【9题详解】
细节理解题。由第三段“He discovered that every single water sample contained microfibers.”可知，Browne通过自己的研究发现世界各地海水样本中都存在微纤维。结合第四段Plastic can cause harm to sea life when eaten.可知，微纤维对海洋生物有很大的危害。由此，合成型衣服的清洗会产生大量微纤维，微纤维的排放会加重海洋问题，结合选项，故选B。
【10题详解】
推理判断题。由最后一段“When he asked well-known clothing companies to support Benign by Design-his research project that seeks to get clothes that have a bad effect on humans and the environment out of the market, Browne didn’t get a satisfying answer. ”可知，在Browne要求世界知名制衣公司支持把对人类和环境有危害的衣服撤出市场的研究项目时，Browne并没有得到一个令人满意的答案。由此可推知，他的研究项目Benign by Design遇到了难题，结合选项，故选D。
【11题详解】
标题判断题。由第一段“ During the last five years, a large number of clothing companies, businesses and environmental organizations have started turning plastics into fabric to deal with plastic pollution.”（ 在过去的五年里，大量的服装公司、企业和环保组织已经开始将塑料变成织物来处理塑料污染）和第一段“Research now shows that microfibers could be the biggest source of plastic in the sea.”（ 研究显示,微纤维是海洋塑料的最大来源。）由此可知，文章就这项技术究竟是对环境的保护还是对环境的再次污染进行说明。故C项（Recycled plastic clothing: solution or pollution ）回收塑料服装：是解决方案还是污染？能够概括文章中心，可作为标题。故选C。
【答案】12. B 13. A 14. D 15. C
【解析】
这是一篇说明文。中国传统农历将一年分为24个节气。两千多年前，中国古人根据对太阳运动的观察，创造了这一个整体框架来标记每年的时间流逝。文章介绍了24节气制度不仅指导农业生产，指导农民期待气温变化、春耕秋收，而且指导着中国人的日常生活。二十四节气是中国人普遍的认知系统。它体现了中国人尊重自然、与自然和谐相处的情感纽带、智慧和创造力。
【12题详解】
细节理解题。根据第一段中The traditional Chinese lunar calendar divides the year into 24 solar terms. More than 2000 years ago, ancient Chinese people created this overall framework to mark the annual passage of time based on observations of the sun's motion.可知中国传统农历将一年分为24个节气。两千多年前，中国古人根据对太阳运动的观察，创造了这一个整体框架来标记每年的时间流逝。由此可知，24节气在中国古代是根据太阳的运动而定的。故选B。
【13题详解】
细节理解题。根据第二段中Summer Solstice and Winter Solstice are two days of the year with the longest and shortest amount of daylight respectively, while Spring Equinox and Autumn Equinox are days with the most balanced amount of daytime and nighttime.可知夏至和冬至是一年中日照时间最长和最短的两天，春分和秋分是昼夜日照最平衡的两天。由此可知，春分和秋分的共同特征是它们的白天和黑夜一样长。故选A。
【14题详解】
词义猜测题。根据划线词后文such as eating spring pancakes at Start of Spring, sweeping ancestors' tombs at Qing Ming, gaining weight to keep warm at Start of Autumn and eating nutritious food to store energy at Start of Winter. They have actually became important rituals in Chinese life.可知立春吃春饼、清明节扫墓、立秋增肥保暖、立冬吃营养食品储存能量等季节性的习俗开始流行。这些季节性的习俗实际上已经成为中国人生活中重要的仪式。由此可知，划线单词意思为“流行”。A. Cheer欢呼；B. Honor.荣誉；C. Appreciation.欣赏；D. Fashion.流行。故选D。
【15题详解】
主旨大意题。根据第一段中The traditional Chinese lunar calendar divides the year into 24 solar terms. More than 2000 years ago, ancient Chinese people created this overall framework to mark the annual passage of time based on observations of the sun's motion.可知中国传统农历将一年分为24个节气。两千多年前，中国古人根据对太阳运动的观察，创造了这一个整体框架来标记每年的时间流逝。文章还介绍了24节气制度不仅指导农业生产，指导农民期待气温变化、春耕秋收，而且指导着中国人的日常生活。二十四节气是中国人普遍的认知系统。它体现了中国人尊重自然、与自然和谐相处的情感纽带、智慧和创造力。由此可知，这篇文章的主要内容是24节气在中国的起源和影响。故选C。