山西省运城市2019-2022三年高二上学期英语期末试卷汇编：阅读理解专题（含答案）
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山西省运城市2019-2022三年高二上学期英语期末试卷汇编
阅读理解专题
山西省运城市2021-2022学年高二上学期期末调研测试英语试题
第一节（共15小题：每小题3分，满分45分）
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。
A
Five words that will immediately make you sound old
English is changing faster than ever due to technology and the growing popularity of social media. Do you long to keep up with the times If so, here are some old-fashioned words you should remove from your vocabulary list.
1. Whippersnapper
As an alteration of the term “snippersnapper”, the word first appeared in the 17th century, expressing our ancestors’ annoyance at ill-mannered children. In its more contemporary version, the word relates to a young person who is too confident and does not show enough respect to older people.
2. Tape
Are you born in the 1980s If so, you may still be using the term “tape” when speaking of recording music or TV shows. Today, though digital media has made data storage on magnetic tape a thing of the past, this old linguistic habit still exists.
3. Xerox
After launching its first commercially available copy machine in 1959, Xerox enjoyed rapid success, and the brand name soon became equal to the word “copy”. Nowadays, the rise of many new printing companies has reduced Xerox’s market share, and making copies is referred to as making copies. So, if a young office worker is asked to “Xerox” a document, he or she may feel much confused.
4. Stewardess
In the earlier age of air travel female crew members serving airline passengers were called stewardesses. It wasn’t until more men entered the field and the development of women’s rights movement in the 1960s and 1970s that the word fell out of use. “Stewardess” was replaced by a more gender-neutral term, “flight attendant”.
5. Dungarees
What we know as “jeans” today were once called “dungarees” to refer to trousers made of denim (蓝粗棉布). The term comes from a kind of cheap and rough cloth imported from Dongari Killa, India. When manufacturers began importing the cloth form Genoa in Italy, this kind of trousers got a new name, “jeans”. So don’t be surprised if you catch your grandpa saying “dungarees”.
1. Who can be described as a whippersnapper nowadays
A. An elder who doesn’t like children.
B. A young woman who is bad-tempered.
C. A kid who has confidence and influence.
D. A young man who always feels he or she is more important than others.
2. Which of the following words has become outdated due to the development of technology
A. Whippersnapper. B. Tape. C. Stewardess. D. Dungarees.
3. What is the main purpose of the text
A. To show readers how to stay young.
B. To explain how to keep up with the times.
C. To tell readers the differences between words.
D. To advise readers against using old-fashioned words.
B
Eugene O' Neill, who was born in 1888, in New York, was a leading American drama writer and the winner of the Nobel Prize in Literature in 1936. His father was a successful touring actor. Because of that, Eugene spent his early childhood in hotels, on trains, and backstage. Although later in his life he grew to hate his father for not giving him security in his early years and a loving and comfortable family, he had the theater in his blood
As a student. O'Neill went to boarding schools but spent the summers in a moderate house his family owned. He left Princeton University in 1907, only about one year after he entered it, to start what he later called his real education in "life experience". At the age of 24, he was hired as a reporter and poetry column writer for the Net London Telegraph, where he worked for only a few months.
O'Neill didn't cut a figure in playwriting until the summer of 1916, when he was in a peaceful village of Provincetown. Massachusetts, where some young writers and artists had founded an experimental theater Before that, he had written awkward melodramas（情节剧）that were hardly accepted by the mainstream of American theater. While O'Neill was only one of those whose plays were produced by the theater, he led the group to success because of his contribution within the next few years. Between 1916 and 1920, the theater produced all of O'Neill's one-act sea plays. By the time his first full-length play, Beyond the Horizon, was produced on Broadway on February 2, 1920, at the Morosco Theater, the young playwright already had a small reputation.
Theater critics spoke highly of Beyond the Horizon for its tragic realism. The play brought O'Neill more public attention, as well as his first Pulitzer Prize, apart from which he won another three for Amna Christie, Strange Interlude, and Long Day's Journey Into Night. Over the next two decades. O'Neill continued to gain reputation nationally and globally. He became the most widely translated and produced dramatist after Shakespeare and Bernard Shaw.
4. What might inspire O'Neill's passion for theater
A. His father's career. B. The support of his family.
C. Hotel rooms he had lived in D. Stories he had heard on trains.
5. Why did O'Neill drop out of Princeton University
A. He didn't want to study in a boarding school.
B. He wanted to receive real education from life.
C. He got a job from the Nee London Telegraph
D. He was unsatisfied with the quality of university education.
6. What does the underlined phrase "cut a figure" in paragraph 3 probably mean
A. Show interest. B. Hold a degree. C. Attract attention. D. Receive an award.
7. What can we learn about O'Neill's Beyond the Horizon
A. It enhanced his reputation in the field of theater
B. It drew theater critics' attention to tragic realism,
C. It inspired him to compose another three dramas.
D. It made him the most widely translated and produced dramatist
C
Everyone who uses a smartphone unavoidably produces masses of digital data that are accessible to others, and these data provide clues to the user’s personality. Psychologists in Munich (LMU) are studying how revealing these clues are.
For most people around the world, smartphones have become an important part of their daily lives. The digital data that these devices constantly collect are a goldmine-not only for the five largest American IT companies, which make use of them for advertising purposes. They are also of considerable interest in other contexts. For instance, computational social scientists use smartphone data in order to learn more about personality and social behavior. In a study that appears in the journal PNAS, a team of researchers led by LMU psychologist Markus Buhner set out to determine whether data collected by smartphones (such as times or frequencies of use) provide deep understanding of users’ personalities.
The LMU team organized 624 volunteers for their Phone Study project. The participants agreed to fill out an extensive questionnaire describing their personality, and to install an App that had been developed specially for the study on their phones for 30 days. The App was designed to collect coded information relating to the behavior of the user. The automated analysis showed that the method was indeed able to successfully get most of these personality traits from their smartphone usage.
Clemens Stachl is aware that his research might further inspire the big IT firms for data. He says, “the potential of these applications-in both research and business-is very great. The opportunities opened up by today’s data-driven society will undoubtedly improve the lives of large numbers of people. But we must ensure that all sections of the population share the benefits offered by digital technologies.”
8. What do American IT companies use the digital data of smartphones for
A. Searching for gold. B. Making advertisements.
C. Improving living standard D. Producing better smartphones.
9. Why were the volunteers asked to download the App
A To fear the function of it. B. To develop a new App.
C. To fill a questionnaire. D. To collect information.
10. What can we infer from Clemens Stachl’s words
A. Big IT firms will turn to data collection.
B. More applications will be developed.
C. The digital data research will benefit people.
D. Only IT firms will benefit from digital technologies.
11. What is the text mainly about
A. Your smartphone data can show your personality.
B. Smartphone data will be widely used in the future.
C. Scientists are doing research using smartphone data.
D. Scientists warns the exposing of personal information.
D
There’s a new frontier in 3D printing that’s beginning to come into focus: food. Recent development has made possible machines that print, cook, and serve foods on a mass scale. And the industry isn’t stopping there.
Food production
With a 3D printer, a cook can print complicated chocolate sculptures and beautiful pieces for decoration on a wedding cake. Not everybody can do that — it takes years of experience, but a printer makes it easy. A restaurant in Spain uses a Foodini to “re-create forms and pieces” of food that are “exactly the same”, freeing cooks to complete other tasks. In another restaurant, all of the dishes and desserts it serves are 3D-printed, rather than farm to table.
Sustainability (可持续性)
The global population is expected to grow to 9.6 billion by 2050, and some analysts estimate that food production will need to be raised by 50 percent to maintain current levels. Sustainability is becoming a necessity. 3D food printing could probably contribute to the solution. Some experts believe printers could use hydrocolloids (水解胶体) from plentiful renewables like algae (藻类) and grass to replace the familiar ingredients (烹饪原料). 3D printing can reduce fuel use and emissions. Grocery stores of the future might stock “food” that lasts years on end, freeing up shelf space and reducing transportation and storage requirements.
Nutrition
Future 3D food printers could make processed food healthier. Hod Lipson, a professor at Columbia University, said, “Food printing could allow consumers to print food with customized nutritional content like vitamins. So instead of eating a piece of yesterdays bread from the supermarket, you’d eat something baked just for you on demand.”
Challenges
Despite recent advancements in 3D food printing, the industry has many challenges to overcome. Currently, most ingredients must be changed to a paste (糊状物) before a printer can use them, and the printing process is quite time-consuming, because ingredients interact with each other in very complex ways. On top of that, most of the 3D food printers now are restricted to dry ingredients, because meat and milk products may easily go bad. Some experts are skeptical about 3D food printers, believing they are better suited for fast food restaurants than homes and high-end restaurants.
12. What can we learn about 3D food printing from Paragraphs 3
A. It solves food shortages easily.
B. It quickens the transportation of food.
C. It needs no space for the storage of food.
D. It uses renewable materials as sources of food.
13. According to Paragraph 4, 3D-printed food ______________.
A. is more available to consumers
B. can meet individual nutritional needs
C. is more tasty than food in supermarkets
D. can keep all the nutrition in raw materials
14. What is the main factor that prevents 3D food printing from spreading widely
A. The printing process is complicated.
B. 3D food printers are too expensive.
C. Food materials have to be dry.
D. Some experts doubt 3D food printing.
15. What could be the best title of the passage
A. 3D Food Printing: Delicious New Technology.
B. A New Way to Improve 3D Food Printing.
C. The Challenges for 3D Food Production.
D. 3D Food Printing: From Farm to Table.
山西省运城市2020-2021学年高二上学期期末调研测试英语试题
第一节（共15小题;每小题3分，满分45分）
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。
A
What are the best careers for the future Of course, nobody can say for sure what the future holds. The best we can do is make educated guesses based on past and current trends. The occupations below are probably some of the most promising future careers.
1. Organizational disruptor
The expansion of companies often leads to some loss of their innovative ability, which weakens their competitiveness against those more creative start-ups. A disruptor would be responsible for promoting creativity, risk-taking, cooperation, and innovation, by bringing about some changes that might be wild in an organization.
2. Personal education guide
Compared with online programs today, education could be better able to meet individual needs, even with improved convenience. Like an adviser, a personal education guide may assist people with on-demand course selection or the planning of personalized training.
3. Custom body part manufacturer
Doctors may expect custom organs grown or 3D printed using their patients' own cells. After all, scientists' creation of hearts, kidneys, and livers has already had some success in the labs. Even external body parts inclining skin and ears have been grown.
4. Pharmaceutical artisan （制药师）
The increasing popularity of 3D printing may enable the quick production of customized medications based on individual needs. It's possible that artisanal drugs would be created according to one*s unique genes, habits, and medical history.
5. Brain implant specialist
We are making greater progress in understanding how the complex human brain works, so it's highly possible that we would create something amazing by combining the rapid advances in neuroscience（神经科学）with the advantages of computer technology. In the future, one can have a specialized computer chip put into his brain to treat certain health issues, such as diseases, mood disorders, and paralysis （瘫痪）.
21. Whom should you contact if you want to train to be more competitive
A. A brain implant specialist. B. An organizational disruptor.
C. A custom body part manufacturer. D. A personal education guide.
22. What is the main duty of pharmaceutical artisans
A. To promote 3D printing.
B. To develop personalized medications.
C. To speed up medicine production.
D. To apply technology to tests for diseases.
23. Which of the following words can best describe the future jobs
A. Informative. B. Entertaining.
C. Customer-based. D. Labor-saving.
B
Mohanan, a tractor driver from Ambalavayal, a town in India's Kerala state, has been carrying a stick and an umbrella to work every day, for over a year. It's not that he fears getting attacked by dogs or that he hates rain, but that he needs to defend himself against the crows that always attack him whenever he approaches a bus station where he once picked up two crow hatchlings （刚出壳的 雏鸟）from under his tractor and placed them on the side of the road.
The tractor driver recently said that crows nesting in the trees around the bus station always attack him when he drives by. He said he even tried staying away from that place for over a week, but it didn't matter. The crows were waiting for him when he came back. Now he just uses his umbrella and stick for protection, and throws the crows some food to distract them. "I give a share from my lunch to the crows. Once they finish eating it, they will start attacking me again," Mohanan laughingly said, adding that changing his clothes and trying to disguise （伪装）himself didn't work either.
The crows' animosity toward Mohanan had become well known among the local people, and while most find it funny, the tractor driver says the birds can be pretty unkind, so much so in fact that a few months ago they caused severe damage to his new umbrella during an attack.
Interestingly, we featured a similar story just last month. One day, Shiva Kewat, a worker from Madhya Pradesh, claims that he has been attacked by a group of crows for the last three years, ever since he picked up a crow chick on the street.
24. Why does Mohanan always cany an umbrella with him
A. Because he fears to get attacked by dogs.
B. Because he doesn't want to get caught in the rain.
C. Because he would like to protect himself from the sun.
D. Because he wants to defend himself against crows.
25. What can we infer from Paragraph 2
A. Crows have great memory.
B. The tractor driver is an unkind man.
C. The crows finally forgive the tractor driver.
D. The tractor driver has to give up his job.
26, What does the underlined word “animosity" probably mean
A. Fear. B. Unkindness.
C. Curiosity. D. Understanding,
27. What is the author's purpose in telling Shiva Kewat's story
A. To warn people to be careful next time they see crows.
B. To show Mohanan is not alone in being remembered by crows.
C. To remind people to live in harmony with animals.
D. To suggest Mohanan draw a lesson from Shiva Kewat's experience.
C
Frankenstein's monster might be one of the most popular roles people play when celebrating Halloween. But do you know where this impressive image originally comes from
The creation of Frankenstein dates back to the summer of 1816, when some young people were spending their holiday in Switzerland. Usually, the weather in summer was pleasant, but that summer it rained quite a lot, so for most of the time, the group were trapped in their cottage. They started thinking about entertaining activities to have fun. Finally, they decided to join in the writing competition suggested by Lord Byron ： Everyone should write a scary ghost story and share it with others, and the writer of the scariest one would win. During the competition, 18-year-old Mary Shelley came up with the idea of an ugly monster created from human body parts. Two years later, she published her first novel, Frankenstein,
Yet Frankenstein isn't similar to other honor books. In the book, the monster can explain the story from his perspective. Although he is scary, ugly, and violent, he has understandable human emotions, and the book indicates that his violent actions are reasonable. He explains that he becomes cruel and violent because he has been treated cruelly and violently by the scientist who creates him and also the people he meets. The book raises awareness of our responsibilities to other people and also inspires us to put ourselves in others' shoes.
It also talks about an imaginary scientific experiment and its effects, and because of this, it is considered as the first science fiction novel, or the beginning of science fiction as a genre. This means that the novel has probably influenced a lot of science fiction created later. Perhaps without Frankenstein, we wouldn't have the chance to enjoy Edward Scissorhands, Captain America, or Star Wars.
However, I enjoy Frankenstein mostly because it can be interpreted differently. The problems it covers are simple and universal. It can be interpreted as a metaphor （隐喻）for family relationships, human emotions, or individualism, or as a criticism of misuse of science.
28. Where did the idea of creating a monster from human body parts come from
A. An evening family gathering. B. A Halloween party.
C. An entertaining writing competition. D. A school science lab.
29. What can we infer about Frankenstein’s monster
A. He desires tender loving care.
B. He is a monster with no human emotion.
C. He was created cruel and violent.
D. He had beautiful appearance at first.
30. Why does the author mention Edward Scissorhands, Captain America, and Star Wars in Paragraph 4
A. To show Frankenstein's influence.
B. To help readers know science fiction better.
C. To list some more science fiction novels.
D. To recommend readers to pick up these books.
31. What of Frankenstein appeals to the author most
A. The experiences its character has.
B. The problems of scientific experiments.
C. The way the novel came into being.
D. The themes the novel explores and inspires.
D
Your colleague^ critical comment keeps replaying in your mind. Two of your friends are trapped in a “he said/she said" battle of wills. You can't shake the anxiety you feel after hearing the latest news. We hear that it's important to acknowledge and work through our emotional reactions to negative events, yet when we do, we sometimes get caught up in cycles of rumination （反刍）——which can make us feel even worse. So, what is the best way to reflect on difficult circumstances without finding ourselves tossed around in an emotional spin cycle
The answer may lie in a skill called u self-distancing" , which features the ability to take a step back and view yourself more objectively. According to research, when people adopt self-distancing while discussing a difficult event, they make better sense of their reactions, experience less emotional suffering, and display fewer signs of stress.
But what might self-distancing look like in action These two fiends ——well call them Tom and Jessica - feel wronged, and they replay their argument in their heads and out loud with you! Jessica is thinking, can't believe he did that to me. ” And Tom insists, "She really hurt my feelings. They are each focusing on their own feelings. However, if you ask them to take the third- person perspective of a distanced observer, they might step outside of themselves and ask broader questions. Tom might literally wonder about himself, thinking in the third person, “Why was he so hurt in this situation " Or Jessica might ask, “How did these two people get to this point How did her anger affect him ” Although this approach may sound too simple to be effective, numerous
studies with children, adolescents, and adults (young and old) indicate that a shift in point of view can have a powerful effect on the way we think, feel, and behave.
32, Why are the difficult circumstances mentioned at the beginning of Paragraph 1
A. To show the seriousness of these problems.
B. To arouse readers' interest and introduce the topic.
C. To remind readers of the unhappy events.
D. To offer some ways to live in the present moment.
33. What does the text suggest people do about reflecting on negative events
A. Focus on the emotions in a direct way.
B. Acknowledge and work through the emotional reactions.
C. Talk about them and display suffering and stress.
D. Step back and view them as a distanced observer.
34. Which of the following adopts the self-distancing approach
A. I can't believe he did that to me. B. She really hurt my feelings.
C. How did her anger affect him D. How did we get to this point
35. What is the best tide for the passage
A. Self-Distancing Really Matters B. Applying Self-Distancing to Practice
C. Difficult to Reflect Try Self-Distancing D. Self-Distancing ： No More Negative Events
山西省运城市2019-2020学年高二上学期期末调研测试英语试题
第一节(共15小题；每小题3分，满分45分)
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项(A、B、C和D)中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
A
In the past, most people would just throw away their worn-out appliances (家用电器)，but due to the many environmental issues that this has caused over the years, it is highly suggested to consider recycling or other ways.
Donate Your Appliances to an Organization
The first thing that most people think about when they hear about donating is giving old things to a charity or an organization. However, you should ensure that your appliances still work. Not only do you put repair costs on the charity, but you are also using the organization as a way to get rid of your junk.
Find a New Owner
There are many people that could greatly benefit from y our used appliances, including new couples, students, poverty-stricken families, and many others. Similar to donating to a charity, it is important to ensure that your appliances are in good working order, and if they are not, you can put up an ad definitely stating that you are giving away the broken appliances for free.
Contact a Recycling Company
Before you do recycle your old items, there are several things that you should be aware of. First of all, you need to know about how refrigerator freezers, and air conditioners are recycled, as often these must be covered. According to your city, you may be required to take off the doors of your appliances to protect children or animals from getting trapped inside and getting hurt.
Donate Your Appliances as Scrap (废品) Metal
If your old appliances are completely broken, it might be best to just give them away as scrap metal. Fortunately, there are many different organizations and companies that need as much metal as they can get. Additionally, you won’t have to do any of the scrapping or tearing apart by your-selves, as professionals take care and effort in removing harmful elements.
21. What’s the similarity between the first two ways
A. The appliances are given away for free.
B. The appliances should be better in good condition.
C. The appliances will be sent to organizations.
D. The harmful parts of appliances must be got rid of.
22. If we want to recycle our old appliances, what should we consider
A. What kind of appliances can be recycled.
B. Who can really benefit much from them.
C. Whether they will cause some danger or harm.
D. Which is the most suitable recycling company.
23. What can you do if you want to donate your completely broken appliances
A. Tear them apart on your own.
B. Give them to companies that need metal.
C. Remove the harmful elements of them yourself.
D. Make sure companies that want the metal pay the delivery fee.
B
When I was 12 years old, I already knew that m y teen years were going to be the worst years at my life. I was a total outsider, bullied at school. I felt completely alone in my small town.
But by starting to do volunteer work when I was 14, I turned my problem into a passion for helping others. The opportunity to practice kindness made me feel like my life had a greater purpose. The more positive energy I shared, the more kindness and appreciation I received. I realized that my purpose in life would be to reach out to people, specifically teenagers, and help them feel less alone.
Books were my time friends back then. I was so thankful that the authors wrote those books. The kindness they offered me with their books saved my life. One of my biggest dreams was to become an author so I could write books that would help other teenagers the way those books helped me.
After surviving terrible experiences at school and at home, I made a choice to take the optimistic, positive road in the next steps of my journey. My dream career is what I am doing now. I have been a full-time author of teen novels since 2007 and am grateful for this amazing opportunity to reach out to readers every single day.
Kindness saved me when I needed help the most. Even small acts of kindness can change someone’s life. You never know what someone else is going through. But by practicing daily kindness, you become an architect of positive change.
24. What was the author’s life like when he was 12
A. Boring. B. Peaceful.
C. Unhappy. D. Meaningful.
25. How did the volunteer work benefit the author
A. It made him popular in his town.
B. It helped him fall in love with reading
C. It helped him understand others’ lives better.
D. It helped him find the meaning of life.
26. Why did the author choose writing as his job
A. He was inspired by his teacher.
B. He could pass positive energy to readers.
C. He wanted to share his school experiences.
D. He found he had a talent for writing.
27. What does the author suggest readers do in the last paragraph
A. Say “no” to bullies bravely.
B. Inspire others to make positive changes.
C. Treat others with kindness in daily life.
D. Learn to care more about others’ feelings.
C
“They’re made out of meat.”
“Meat ”
“There’s no doubt about it. We picked up several from different parts of the planet, took them aboard our craft, and probed them all the way through. They’re completely meat.”
“That’s impossible. What about the radio signals The message to the stars ”
“They used the radio waves to talk, but the signals don’t come from them. The signals come from machines.”
“So who made the machines That’s who we want to contact.”
“They made the machines. That’s what I ‘m trying to tell you. Meat made the machines.”
“That’s ridiculous. How can meat make a machine Maybe they’re like the Orfolei. You know, a carbon - based intelligence that goes through a meat stage.”
“No. They’re born meat and they die meat. We studied them for several of their life spans, which didn’t take long. Do you have any idea what’s the life span of meat ”
“Spare me. Okay, maybe they’re only part meat. You know, like the Weddilei. A meat head with an electron plasma(电浆) brain inside.”
“No. We thought of that, since they do have meat heads, like the Weddilei. But I told you, we probed them. They’re meat all the way through.”
“No brain So. . . what does the thinking ”
“You’re not understanding, are you You’re refusing to deal with what I’m telling you. The brain does the thinking. The meat.”
“Oh, my! So what does this meat have in mind ”
“ First it wants to talk to us. Then I imagine it wants to explore the Universe, contact other creatures, exchange ideas and information. The usual.”
“ We’re supposed to talk to meat!
“That’s the idea. That’s the message they’re sending out by radio. ‘Hello. Anyone out there Anybody home ’ That sort of thing.”
“They actually do talk, then. They use words, ideas, concepts ”
“They do, but what do you think is on the radio Meat sounds. They can even sing by forcing out air through their meat.”
28. The “meat” probably refers to _________.
A. human beings on Earth
B. creatures on Earth
C. the Orfolei
D. the Weddilei
29. The two beings talking in the story seem to _________.
A. know the species of human beings a long time ago
B. be quite different from human beings in species
C. be made put of electrons
D. be made out of metals
30. The tone of the story is _________.
A. humorous B. serious
C. objective D. surprising
31. It can be inferred from the passage that human beings _________.
A. are the pioneer to adventure in the universe
B. as a species are the same as other creatures
C. as a species are inferior to the two beings who are talking
D. are looked at from a new point of view
D
Poetry is one of mankind’s oldest art forms. Since first analyzed by Aristotle, poetry has been part of every major art movement, and some say it captures emotion better than any other forms. Reading peotry is necessary to gain a full understanding of the world and has many additional benefits .
The immediate benefits of reading poetry are improvements to vocabulary. Poetry makes the reader familiar with new terms and encourages verbal analysis. This presents reading as a creative act in its own right. The common practice of memorizing poems also improves long-term brain health. Studies have shown that people who memorize and recall poems are less susceptible (受影响) to Alzheimer’s.
Poetry also improves critical thinking by forcing a reader to think. In great poetry, meaning is not obvious or one-dimensional (维度). Understanding poetry is an active practice, rather than the passive engagement encouraged with prose (散文). Readers of poetry are more likely than nonreaders to analyze information for viewpoints. This skill benefits students, but also anyone who wants to form their own opinions of news items or gain a better perspective upon documents like contracts. The critical thinking skills developed through reading poetry give greater control language itself.
The most remarkable power of literature is its ability to unite reader and writer across time and cultural boundaries. As condensed(浓缩的) literature, poetry offers these benefits in a powerful way. Poetry triggers memories and emotions in its readers. This connection between universal emotions and personal experience encourages the development of empathy. A reader might have no practical conception of what life was like during the Elizabethan-era in England. However, Shakespeare’s Sonnets with their universal themes of love and longing, can bridge the gap of centuries and help us gain an insight into peopled feelings in the 17th century.
32. Which of the following shows the benefit memorizing poetry brings to the brain
A. It improves peopled long-term memory.
B. It improve s one’s ability of analysing issues.
C. It makes one les s likely to catch Alzheimer’s
D. It makes one act more creatively.
33. In what way does poetry improve critical thinking
A. Readers have to analyze information to form viewpoints.
B. Readers must understand the obvious meaning of poetry.
C. Readers have to gain a better perspective upon documents.
D. Readers have to have a good control over language.
34. Why does the author mention Shakespeare’s Sonnets
A. To show poetry motivates us learn different cultures.
B. To show poetry helps develop our empathy.
C. To show the universal themes of poetry.
D. To show Shakespeare’s understanding of life.
35. What is the purpose of the text
A. To ask us to read poems.
B. To show how to appreciate poems.
C. To tell the importance of poetry in history.
D. To explain the benefits of reading poetry.
参考答案
山西省运城市2021-2022学年高二上学期期末调研测试英语试题
【1~3题答案】
【答案】1. D 2. B 3. D
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇说明文。本文列举了五个已经过时了的老旧词汇，不建议读者继续使用。
【1题详解】
推理判断题。根据1. Whippersnapper段落下的“In its more contemporary version, the word relates to a young person who is too confident and does not show enough respect to older people.(在更现代的版本中，这个词指的是一个过于自信、对老年人不够尊重的年轻人)”可知，如果一个年轻人总是觉得自己比别人重要，那么可以用“Whippersnapper”形容他或她。故选D。
【2题详解】
细节理解题。根据2. Tape段落下的“Today, though digital media has made data storage on magnetic tape a thing of the past, this old linguistic habit still exists.(如今，虽然数字媒体已经使磁带上的数据存储成为过去，但这种古老的语言习惯仍然存在)”可知，数字媒体这种科技使得“磁带”过时了。故选B。
【3题详解】
推理判断题。根据第一段最后一句“If so, here are some old-fashioned words you should remove from your vocabulary list.(如果是这样的话，下面是一些你应该从词汇表中删除的老式词汇)”可知，本文的目的是建议读者不要使用过时的词语。故选D。
【答案】4. A 5. B 6. C 7. A
【解析】
【分析】这是一篇记叙文。主要记叙了著名戏剧家O'Neill的生平经历和成就。
【4题详解】
细节理解题。根据第一段第二句“His father was a successful touring actor. Because of that, Eugene spent his early childhood in hotels, on trains, and backstage.”（他的父亲是一个成功的巡回演员。因为那个，他在宾馆、火车以及后台度过了他的童年）可知，是他父亲的职业激发了他对戏剧的热情，故选A。
【5题详解】
细节理解题。根据第二段第二句“He left Princeton University in 1907, only about one year after he entered it, to start what he later called his real education in "life experience".”（在他入学约一年后，他于1907年离开了普林斯顿大学，去开始他后来视为从“生活经验”中的真正教育）可知。他是为了从生活中获得真正的教育，故选B。
【6题详解】
词义猜测题。根据本段第三句“While O'Neill was only one of those whose plays were produced by the theater, he led the group to success because of his contribution within the next few years. Between 1916 and 1920, the theater produced all of O'Neill's one-act sea plays.”（尽管O'Neill只是唯一使用剧院创作的剧本的演员，因为他后面几年的贡献，他带领这个团队取得了成功。）可知，他开始取得成功和关注，故选C。
【7题详解】
细节理解题。根据第四段第二句“The play brought O'Neill more public attention, as well as his first Pulitzer Prize”（这部戏剧让O'Neill受到公众的更多关注，以及他的第一个普利策奖）可知，他的名气得到进一步提升，即这部戏剧巩固了他在戏剧领域的名气,故选A。
【答案】8. B 9. D 10. C 11. A
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇说明文。慕尼黑的心理学家们通过研究揭示智能手机的数字数据是如何体现用户个性特征的。
【8题详解】
细节理解题。根据第二段第二句“The digital data that these devices constantly collect are a goldmine-not only for the five largest American IT companies, which make use of them for advertising purposes.(这些设备不断收集的数字数据是一座宝库，不仅只针对美国五大IT公司来说，它们利用这些数据进行广告宣传)”可知，美国的IT公司利用这些数据打广告。故选B。
【9题详解】
细节理解题。根据第三段第三句“The App was designed to collect coded information relating to the behavior of the user.(该应用程序旨在收集与用户行为相关的编码信息)”可知，要求志愿者下载应用程序是因为需要收集信息。故选D。
【10题详解】
推理判断题。根据第四段中Clemens Stachl所说的话“the potential of these applications-in both research and business-is very great. The opportunities opened up by today’s data-driven society will undoubtedly improve the lives of large numbers of people.(这些应用在研究和商业上都有很大的潜力。当今的数据驱动社会所带来的机遇无疑将改善大多数人的生活)”可知，数字数据研究将使人们受益。故选C。
【11题详解】
主旨大意题。通读全文并结合第一段第一句“Everyone who uses a smartphone unavoidably produces masses of digital data that are accessible to others, and these data provide clues to the user’s personality.(每个使用智能手机的人都不可避免地产生大量其他人可以访问的数字数据，这些数据提供了用户个性的线索)”可知，本文主要介绍了智能手机的数字数据可以体现用户的个性特征。故选A。
【答案】12. D 13. B 14. C 15. A
【解析】
【分析】这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了3D打印技术的最新应用领域：食物。3D食物打印技术的应用可节省人们的时间和精力，且具有可持续性和满足个人营养需求等优势，但同时它也面临着诸多挑战。
【12题详解】
细节理解题。根据文章第三段第四句“Some experts believe printers could use hydrocolloids (水解胶体) from plentiful renewables like algae (藻类) and grass to replace the familiar ingredients (烹饪原料).”（一些专家认为，打印机可以使用从像藻类和草等丰富的可再生资源中获得的水解胶体来代替熟悉的烹饪原料）可知，3D食物打印用可再生材料作为食物原料。故选D。
【13题详解】
推理判断题。根据文章第四段“Food printing could allow consumers to print food with customized nutritional content like vitamins.”（食物打印能使客户打印含有定制的有营养的比如维他命的内容的食物）可推知，3D打印食物能满足个人的营养需求。故选B。
14题详解】
细节理解题。根据最后一段第三句话“On top of that, most of the 3D food printers now are restricted to dry ingredients, because meat and milk products may easily go bad.”（除了那一点以外，绝大部分3D食物打印现在局限于干燥的原料，因为肉和牛奶产品可能容易变质）可知，食品材料必须干燥是阻碍3D食品打印普及的主要因素。故选C。
【15题详解】
主旨大意题。根据文章第一句There’s a new frontier in 3D printing that’s beginning to come into focus: food.（3D打印的一个新领域开始成为人们关注的焦点:食物。）可知，文章的主题为3D打印技术的新领域——食品，接下来主要介绍了这一应用的优点，也提及了它面临的挑战。所以短文的最佳标题为“3D Food Printing: Delicious New Technology.”。故选A。
山西省运城市2020-2021学年高二上学期期末调研测试英语试题
21-35.DBCDA BBCAA DBDCC
山西省运城市2019-2020学年高二上学期期末调研测试英语试题
21—23 BCB 24—27 CDBC 28—31 ABAD 32—35 CABD
阅读理解专题
山西省运城市2021-2022学年高二上学期期末调研测试英语试题
第一节（共15小题：每小题3分，满分45分）
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。
A
Five words that will immediately make you sound old
English is changing faster than ever due to technology and the growing popularity of social media. Do you long to keep up with the times If so, here are some old-fashioned words you should remove from your vocabulary list.
1. Whippersnapper
As an alteration of the term “snippersnapper”, the word first appeared in the 17th century, expressing our ancestors’ annoyance at ill-mannered children. In its more contemporary version, the word relates to a young person who is too confident and does not show enough respect to older people.
2. Tape
Are you born in the 1980s If so, you may still be using the term “tape” when speaking of recording music or TV shows. Today, though digital media has made data storage on magnetic tape a thing of the past, this old linguistic habit still exists.
3. Xerox
After launching its first commercially available copy machine in 1959, Xerox enjoyed rapid success, and the brand name soon became equal to the word “copy”. Nowadays, the rise of many new printing companies has reduced Xerox’s market share, and making copies is referred to as making copies. So, if a young office worker is asked to “Xerox” a document, he or she may feel much confused.
4. Stewardess
In the earlier age of air travel female crew members serving airline passengers were called stewardesses. It wasn’t until more men entered the field and the development of women’s rights movement in the 1960s and 1970s that the word fell out of use. “Stewardess” was replaced by a more gender-neutral term, “flight attendant”.
5. Dungarees
What we know as “jeans” today were once called “dungarees” to refer to trousers made of denim (蓝粗棉布). The term comes from a kind of cheap and rough cloth imported from Dongari Killa, India. When manufacturers began importing the cloth form Genoa in Italy, this kind of trousers got a new name, “jeans”. So don’t be surprised if you catch your grandpa saying “dungarees”.
1. Who can be described as a whippersnapper nowadays
A. An elder who doesn’t like children.
B. A young woman who is bad-tempered.
C. A kid who has confidence and influence.
D. A young man who always feels he or she is more important than others.
2. Which of the following words has become outdated due to the development of technology
A. Whippersnapper. B. Tape. C. Stewardess. D. Dungarees.
3. What is the main purpose of the text
A. To show readers how to stay young.
B. To explain how to keep up with the times.
C. To tell readers the differences between words.
D. To advise readers against using old-fashioned words.
B
Eugene O' Neill, who was born in 1888, in New York, was a leading American drama writer and the winner of the Nobel Prize in Literature in 1936. His father was a successful touring actor. Because of that, Eugene spent his early childhood in hotels, on trains, and backstage. Although later in his life he grew to hate his father for not giving him security in his early years and a loving and comfortable family, he had the theater in his blood
As a student. O'Neill went to boarding schools but spent the summers in a moderate house his family owned. He left Princeton University in 1907, only about one year after he entered it, to start what he later called his real education in "life experience". At the age of 24, he was hired as a reporter and poetry column writer for the Net London Telegraph, where he worked for only a few months.
O'Neill didn't cut a figure in playwriting until the summer of 1916, when he was in a peaceful village of Provincetown. Massachusetts, where some young writers and artists had founded an experimental theater Before that, he had written awkward melodramas（情节剧）that were hardly accepted by the mainstream of American theater. While O'Neill was only one of those whose plays were produced by the theater, he led the group to success because of his contribution within the next few years. Between 1916 and 1920, the theater produced all of O'Neill's one-act sea plays. By the time his first full-length play, Beyond the Horizon, was produced on Broadway on February 2, 1920, at the Morosco Theater, the young playwright already had a small reputation.
Theater critics spoke highly of Beyond the Horizon for its tragic realism. The play brought O'Neill more public attention, as well as his first Pulitzer Prize, apart from which he won another three for Amna Christie, Strange Interlude, and Long Day's Journey Into Night. Over the next two decades. O'Neill continued to gain reputation nationally and globally. He became the most widely translated and produced dramatist after Shakespeare and Bernard Shaw.
4. What might inspire O'Neill's passion for theater
A. His father's career. B. The support of his family.
C. Hotel rooms he had lived in D. Stories he had heard on trains.
5. Why did O'Neill drop out of Princeton University
A. He didn't want to study in a boarding school.
B. He wanted to receive real education from life.
C. He got a job from the Nee London Telegraph
D. He was unsatisfied with the quality of university education.
6. What does the underlined phrase "cut a figure" in paragraph 3 probably mean
A. Show interest. B. Hold a degree. C. Attract attention. D. Receive an award.
7. What can we learn about O'Neill's Beyond the Horizon
A. It enhanced his reputation in the field of theater
B. It drew theater critics' attention to tragic realism,
C. It inspired him to compose another three dramas.
D. It made him the most widely translated and produced dramatist
C
Everyone who uses a smartphone unavoidably produces masses of digital data that are accessible to others, and these data provide clues to the user’s personality. Psychologists in Munich (LMU) are studying how revealing these clues are.
For most people around the world, smartphones have become an important part of their daily lives. The digital data that these devices constantly collect are a goldmine-not only for the five largest American IT companies, which make use of them for advertising purposes. They are also of considerable interest in other contexts. For instance, computational social scientists use smartphone data in order to learn more about personality and social behavior. In a study that appears in the journal PNAS, a team of researchers led by LMU psychologist Markus Buhner set out to determine whether data collected by smartphones (such as times or frequencies of use) provide deep understanding of users’ personalities.
The LMU team organized 624 volunteers for their Phone Study project. The participants agreed to fill out an extensive questionnaire describing their personality, and to install an App that had been developed specially for the study on their phones for 30 days. The App was designed to collect coded information relating to the behavior of the user. The automated analysis showed that the method was indeed able to successfully get most of these personality traits from their smartphone usage.
Clemens Stachl is aware that his research might further inspire the big IT firms for data. He says, “the potential of these applications-in both research and business-is very great. The opportunities opened up by today’s data-driven society will undoubtedly improve the lives of large numbers of people. But we must ensure that all sections of the population share the benefits offered by digital technologies.”
8. What do American IT companies use the digital data of smartphones for
A. Searching for gold. B. Making advertisements.
C. Improving living standard D. Producing better smartphones.
9. Why were the volunteers asked to download the App
A To fear the function of it. B. To develop a new App.
C. To fill a questionnaire. D. To collect information.
10. What can we infer from Clemens Stachl’s words
A. Big IT firms will turn to data collection.
B. More applications will be developed.
C. The digital data research will benefit people.
D. Only IT firms will benefit from digital technologies.
11. What is the text mainly about
A. Your smartphone data can show your personality.
B. Smartphone data will be widely used in the future.
C. Scientists are doing research using smartphone data.
D. Scientists warns the exposing of personal information.
D
There’s a new frontier in 3D printing that’s beginning to come into focus: food. Recent development has made possible machines that print, cook, and serve foods on a mass scale. And the industry isn’t stopping there.
Food production
With a 3D printer, a cook can print complicated chocolate sculptures and beautiful pieces for decoration on a wedding cake. Not everybody can do that — it takes years of experience, but a printer makes it easy. A restaurant in Spain uses a Foodini to “re-create forms and pieces” of food that are “exactly the same”, freeing cooks to complete other tasks. In another restaurant, all of the dishes and desserts it serves are 3D-printed, rather than farm to table.
Sustainability (可持续性)
The global population is expected to grow to 9.6 billion by 2050, and some analysts estimate that food production will need to be raised by 50 percent to maintain current levels. Sustainability is becoming a necessity. 3D food printing could probably contribute to the solution. Some experts believe printers could use hydrocolloids (水解胶体) from plentiful renewables like algae (藻类) and grass to replace the familiar ingredients (烹饪原料). 3D printing can reduce fuel use and emissions. Grocery stores of the future might stock “food” that lasts years on end, freeing up shelf space and reducing transportation and storage requirements.
Nutrition
Future 3D food printers could make processed food healthier. Hod Lipson, a professor at Columbia University, said, “Food printing could allow consumers to print food with customized nutritional content like vitamins. So instead of eating a piece of yesterdays bread from the supermarket, you’d eat something baked just for you on demand.”
Challenges
Despite recent advancements in 3D food printing, the industry has many challenges to overcome. Currently, most ingredients must be changed to a paste (糊状物) before a printer can use them, and the printing process is quite time-consuming, because ingredients interact with each other in very complex ways. On top of that, most of the 3D food printers now are restricted to dry ingredients, because meat and milk products may easily go bad. Some experts are skeptical about 3D food printers, believing they are better suited for fast food restaurants than homes and high-end restaurants.
12. What can we learn about 3D food printing from Paragraphs 3
A. It solves food shortages easily.
B. It quickens the transportation of food.
C. It needs no space for the storage of food.
D. It uses renewable materials as sources of food.
13. According to Paragraph 4, 3D-printed food ______________.
A. is more available to consumers
B. can meet individual nutritional needs
C. is more tasty than food in supermarkets
D. can keep all the nutrition in raw materials
14. What is the main factor that prevents 3D food printing from spreading widely
A. The printing process is complicated.
B. 3D food printers are too expensive.
C. Food materials have to be dry.
D. Some experts doubt 3D food printing.
15. What could be the best title of the passage
A. 3D Food Printing: Delicious New Technology.
B. A New Way to Improve 3D Food Printing.
C. The Challenges for 3D Food Production.
D. 3D Food Printing: From Farm to Table.
山西省运城市2020-2021学年高二上学期期末调研测试英语试题
第一节（共15小题;每小题3分，满分45分）
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。
A
What are the best careers for the future Of course, nobody can say for sure what the future holds. The best we can do is make educated guesses based on past and current trends. The occupations below are probably some of the most promising future careers.
1. Organizational disruptor
The expansion of companies often leads to some loss of their innovative ability, which weakens their competitiveness against those more creative start-ups. A disruptor would be responsible for promoting creativity, risk-taking, cooperation, and innovation, by bringing about some changes that might be wild in an organization.
2. Personal education guide
Compared with online programs today, education could be better able to meet individual needs, even with improved convenience. Like an adviser, a personal education guide may assist people with on-demand course selection or the planning of personalized training.
3. Custom body part manufacturer
Doctors may expect custom organs grown or 3D printed using their patients' own cells. After all, scientists' creation of hearts, kidneys, and livers has already had some success in the labs. Even external body parts inclining skin and ears have been grown.
4. Pharmaceutical artisan （制药师）
The increasing popularity of 3D printing may enable the quick production of customized medications based on individual needs. It's possible that artisanal drugs would be created according to one*s unique genes, habits, and medical history.
5. Brain implant specialist
We are making greater progress in understanding how the complex human brain works, so it's highly possible that we would create something amazing by combining the rapid advances in neuroscience（神经科学）with the advantages of computer technology. In the future, one can have a specialized computer chip put into his brain to treat certain health issues, such as diseases, mood disorders, and paralysis （瘫痪）.
21. Whom should you contact if you want to train to be more competitive
A. A brain implant specialist. B. An organizational disruptor.
C. A custom body part manufacturer. D. A personal education guide.
22. What is the main duty of pharmaceutical artisans
A. To promote 3D printing.
B. To develop personalized medications.
C. To speed up medicine production.
D. To apply technology to tests for diseases.
23. Which of the following words can best describe the future jobs
A. Informative. B. Entertaining.
C. Customer-based. D. Labor-saving.
B
Mohanan, a tractor driver from Ambalavayal, a town in India's Kerala state, has been carrying a stick and an umbrella to work every day, for over a year. It's not that he fears getting attacked by dogs or that he hates rain, but that he needs to defend himself against the crows that always attack him whenever he approaches a bus station where he once picked up two crow hatchlings （刚出壳的 雏鸟）from under his tractor and placed them on the side of the road.
The tractor driver recently said that crows nesting in the trees around the bus station always attack him when he drives by. He said he even tried staying away from that place for over a week, but it didn't matter. The crows were waiting for him when he came back. Now he just uses his umbrella and stick for protection, and throws the crows some food to distract them. "I give a share from my lunch to the crows. Once they finish eating it, they will start attacking me again," Mohanan laughingly said, adding that changing his clothes and trying to disguise （伪装）himself didn't work either.
The crows' animosity toward Mohanan had become well known among the local people, and while most find it funny, the tractor driver says the birds can be pretty unkind, so much so in fact that a few months ago they caused severe damage to his new umbrella during an attack.
Interestingly, we featured a similar story just last month. One day, Shiva Kewat, a worker from Madhya Pradesh, claims that he has been attacked by a group of crows for the last three years, ever since he picked up a crow chick on the street.
24. Why does Mohanan always cany an umbrella with him
A. Because he fears to get attacked by dogs.
B. Because he doesn't want to get caught in the rain.
C. Because he would like to protect himself from the sun.
D. Because he wants to defend himself against crows.
25. What can we infer from Paragraph 2
A. Crows have great memory.
B. The tractor driver is an unkind man.
C. The crows finally forgive the tractor driver.
D. The tractor driver has to give up his job.
26, What does the underlined word “animosity" probably mean
A. Fear. B. Unkindness.
C. Curiosity. D. Understanding,
27. What is the author's purpose in telling Shiva Kewat's story
A. To warn people to be careful next time they see crows.
B. To show Mohanan is not alone in being remembered by crows.
C. To remind people to live in harmony with animals.
D. To suggest Mohanan draw a lesson from Shiva Kewat's experience.
C
Frankenstein's monster might be one of the most popular roles people play when celebrating Halloween. But do you know where this impressive image originally comes from
The creation of Frankenstein dates back to the summer of 1816, when some young people were spending their holiday in Switzerland. Usually, the weather in summer was pleasant, but that summer it rained quite a lot, so for most of the time, the group were trapped in their cottage. They started thinking about entertaining activities to have fun. Finally, they decided to join in the writing competition suggested by Lord Byron ： Everyone should write a scary ghost story and share it with others, and the writer of the scariest one would win. During the competition, 18-year-old Mary Shelley came up with the idea of an ugly monster created from human body parts. Two years later, she published her first novel, Frankenstein,
Yet Frankenstein isn't similar to other honor books. In the book, the monster can explain the story from his perspective. Although he is scary, ugly, and violent, he has understandable human emotions, and the book indicates that his violent actions are reasonable. He explains that he becomes cruel and violent because he has been treated cruelly and violently by the scientist who creates him and also the people he meets. The book raises awareness of our responsibilities to other people and also inspires us to put ourselves in others' shoes.
It also talks about an imaginary scientific experiment and its effects, and because of this, it is considered as the first science fiction novel, or the beginning of science fiction as a genre. This means that the novel has probably influenced a lot of science fiction created later. Perhaps without Frankenstein, we wouldn't have the chance to enjoy Edward Scissorhands, Captain America, or Star Wars.
However, I enjoy Frankenstein mostly because it can be interpreted differently. The problems it covers are simple and universal. It can be interpreted as a metaphor （隐喻）for family relationships, human emotions, or individualism, or as a criticism of misuse of science.
28. Where did the idea of creating a monster from human body parts come from
A. An evening family gathering. B. A Halloween party.
C. An entertaining writing competition. D. A school science lab.
29. What can we infer about Frankenstein’s monster
A. He desires tender loving care.
B. He is a monster with no human emotion.
C. He was created cruel and violent.
D. He had beautiful appearance at first.
30. Why does the author mention Edward Scissorhands, Captain America, and Star Wars in Paragraph 4
A. To show Frankenstein's influence.
B. To help readers know science fiction better.
C. To list some more science fiction novels.
D. To recommend readers to pick up these books.
31. What of Frankenstein appeals to the author most
A. The experiences its character has.
B. The problems of scientific experiments.
C. The way the novel came into being.
D. The themes the novel explores and inspires.
D
Your colleague^ critical comment keeps replaying in your mind. Two of your friends are trapped in a “he said/she said" battle of wills. You can't shake the anxiety you feel after hearing the latest news. We hear that it's important to acknowledge and work through our emotional reactions to negative events, yet when we do, we sometimes get caught up in cycles of rumination （反刍）——which can make us feel even worse. So, what is the best way to reflect on difficult circumstances without finding ourselves tossed around in an emotional spin cycle
The answer may lie in a skill called u self-distancing" , which features the ability to take a step back and view yourself more objectively. According to research, when people adopt self-distancing while discussing a difficult event, they make better sense of their reactions, experience less emotional suffering, and display fewer signs of stress.
But what might self-distancing look like in action These two fiends ——well call them Tom and Jessica - feel wronged, and they replay their argument in their heads and out loud with you! Jessica is thinking, can't believe he did that to me. ” And Tom insists, "She really hurt my feelings. They are each focusing on their own feelings. However, if you ask them to take the third- person perspective of a distanced observer, they might step outside of themselves and ask broader questions. Tom might literally wonder about himself, thinking in the third person, “Why was he so hurt in this situation " Or Jessica might ask, “How did these two people get to this point How did her anger affect him ” Although this approach may sound too simple to be effective, numerous
studies with children, adolescents, and adults (young and old) indicate that a shift in point of view can have a powerful effect on the way we think, feel, and behave.
32, Why are the difficult circumstances mentioned at the beginning of Paragraph 1
A. To show the seriousness of these problems.
B. To arouse readers' interest and introduce the topic.
C. To remind readers of the unhappy events.
D. To offer some ways to live in the present moment.
33. What does the text suggest people do about reflecting on negative events
A. Focus on the emotions in a direct way.
B. Acknowledge and work through the emotional reactions.
C. Talk about them and display suffering and stress.
D. Step back and view them as a distanced observer.
34. Which of the following adopts the self-distancing approach
A. I can't believe he did that to me. B. She really hurt my feelings.
C. How did her anger affect him D. How did we get to this point
35. What is the best tide for the passage
A. Self-Distancing Really Matters B. Applying Self-Distancing to Practice
C. Difficult to Reflect Try Self-Distancing D. Self-Distancing ： No More Negative Events
山西省运城市2019-2020学年高二上学期期末调研测试英语试题
第一节(共15小题；每小题3分，满分45分)
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项(A、B、C和D)中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
A
In the past, most people would just throw away their worn-out appliances (家用电器)，but due to the many environmental issues that this has caused over the years, it is highly suggested to consider recycling or other ways.
Donate Your Appliances to an Organization
The first thing that most people think about when they hear about donating is giving old things to a charity or an organization. However, you should ensure that your appliances still work. Not only do you put repair costs on the charity, but you are also using the organization as a way to get rid of your junk.
Find a New Owner
There are many people that could greatly benefit from y our used appliances, including new couples, students, poverty-stricken families, and many others. Similar to donating to a charity, it is important to ensure that your appliances are in good working order, and if they are not, you can put up an ad definitely stating that you are giving away the broken appliances for free.
Contact a Recycling Company
Before you do recycle your old items, there are several things that you should be aware of. First of all, you need to know about how refrigerator freezers, and air conditioners are recycled, as often these must be covered. According to your city, you may be required to take off the doors of your appliances to protect children or animals from getting trapped inside and getting hurt.
Donate Your Appliances as Scrap (废品) Metal
If your old appliances are completely broken, it might be best to just give them away as scrap metal. Fortunately, there are many different organizations and companies that need as much metal as they can get. Additionally, you won’t have to do any of the scrapping or tearing apart by your-selves, as professionals take care and effort in removing harmful elements.
21. What’s the similarity between the first two ways
A. The appliances are given away for free.
B. The appliances should be better in good condition.
C. The appliances will be sent to organizations.
D. The harmful parts of appliances must be got rid of.
22. If we want to recycle our old appliances, what should we consider
A. What kind of appliances can be recycled.
B. Who can really benefit much from them.
C. Whether they will cause some danger or harm.
D. Which is the most suitable recycling company.
23. What can you do if you want to donate your completely broken appliances
A. Tear them apart on your own.
B. Give them to companies that need metal.
C. Remove the harmful elements of them yourself.
D. Make sure companies that want the metal pay the delivery fee.
B
When I was 12 years old, I already knew that m y teen years were going to be the worst years at my life. I was a total outsider, bullied at school. I felt completely alone in my small town.
But by starting to do volunteer work when I was 14, I turned my problem into a passion for helping others. The opportunity to practice kindness made me feel like my life had a greater purpose. The more positive energy I shared, the more kindness and appreciation I received. I realized that my purpose in life would be to reach out to people, specifically teenagers, and help them feel less alone.
Books were my time friends back then. I was so thankful that the authors wrote those books. The kindness they offered me with their books saved my life. One of my biggest dreams was to become an author so I could write books that would help other teenagers the way those books helped me.
After surviving terrible experiences at school and at home, I made a choice to take the optimistic, positive road in the next steps of my journey. My dream career is what I am doing now. I have been a full-time author of teen novels since 2007 and am grateful for this amazing opportunity to reach out to readers every single day.
Kindness saved me when I needed help the most. Even small acts of kindness can change someone’s life. You never know what someone else is going through. But by practicing daily kindness, you become an architect of positive change.
24. What was the author’s life like when he was 12
A. Boring. B. Peaceful.
C. Unhappy. D. Meaningful.
25. How did the volunteer work benefit the author
A. It made him popular in his town.
B. It helped him fall in love with reading
C. It helped him understand others’ lives better.
D. It helped him find the meaning of life.
26. Why did the author choose writing as his job
A. He was inspired by his teacher.
B. He could pass positive energy to readers.
C. He wanted to share his school experiences.
D. He found he had a talent for writing.
27. What does the author suggest readers do in the last paragraph
A. Say “no” to bullies bravely.
B. Inspire others to make positive changes.
C. Treat others with kindness in daily life.
D. Learn to care more about others’ feelings.
C
“They’re made out of meat.”
“Meat ”
“There’s no doubt about it. We picked up several from different parts of the planet, took them aboard our craft, and probed them all the way through. They’re completely meat.”
“That’s impossible. What about the radio signals The message to the stars ”
“They used the radio waves to talk, but the signals don’t come from them. The signals come from machines.”
“So who made the machines That’s who we want to contact.”
“They made the machines. That’s what I ‘m trying to tell you. Meat made the machines.”
“That’s ridiculous. How can meat make a machine Maybe they’re like the Orfolei. You know, a carbon - based intelligence that goes through a meat stage.”
“No. They’re born meat and they die meat. We studied them for several of their life spans, which didn’t take long. Do you have any idea what’s the life span of meat ”
“Spare me. Okay, maybe they’re only part meat. You know, like the Weddilei. A meat head with an electron plasma(电浆) brain inside.”
“No. We thought of that, since they do have meat heads, like the Weddilei. But I told you, we probed them. They’re meat all the way through.”
“No brain So. . . what does the thinking ”
“You’re not understanding, are you You’re refusing to deal with what I’m telling you. The brain does the thinking. The meat.”
“Oh, my! So what does this meat have in mind ”
“ First it wants to talk to us. Then I imagine it wants to explore the Universe, contact other creatures, exchange ideas and information. The usual.”
“ We’re supposed to talk to meat!
“That’s the idea. That’s the message they’re sending out by radio. ‘Hello. Anyone out there Anybody home ’ That sort of thing.”
“They actually do talk, then. They use words, ideas, concepts ”
“They do, but what do you think is on the radio Meat sounds. They can even sing by forcing out air through their meat.”
28. The “meat” probably refers to _________.
A. human beings on Earth
B. creatures on Earth
C. the Orfolei
D. the Weddilei
29. The two beings talking in the story seem to _________.
A. know the species of human beings a long time ago
B. be quite different from human beings in species
C. be made put of electrons
D. be made out of metals
30. The tone of the story is _________.
A. humorous B. serious
C. objective D. surprising
31. It can be inferred from the passage that human beings _________.
A. are the pioneer to adventure in the universe
B. as a species are the same as other creatures
C. as a species are inferior to the two beings who are talking
D. are looked at from a new point of view
D
Poetry is one of mankind’s oldest art forms. Since first analyzed by Aristotle, poetry has been part of every major art movement, and some say it captures emotion better than any other forms. Reading peotry is necessary to gain a full understanding of the world and has many additional benefits .
The immediate benefits of reading poetry are improvements to vocabulary. Poetry makes the reader familiar with new terms and encourages verbal analysis. This presents reading as a creative act in its own right. The common practice of memorizing poems also improves long-term brain health. Studies have shown that people who memorize and recall poems are less susceptible (受影响) to Alzheimer’s.
Poetry also improves critical thinking by forcing a reader to think. In great poetry, meaning is not obvious or one-dimensional (维度). Understanding poetry is an active practice, rather than the passive engagement encouraged with prose (散文). Readers of poetry are more likely than nonreaders to analyze information for viewpoints. This skill benefits students, but also anyone who wants to form their own opinions of news items or gain a better perspective upon documents like contracts. The critical thinking skills developed through reading poetry give greater control language itself.
The most remarkable power of literature is its ability to unite reader and writer across time and cultural boundaries. As condensed(浓缩的) literature, poetry offers these benefits in a powerful way. Poetry triggers memories and emotions in its readers. This connection between universal emotions and personal experience encourages the development of empathy. A reader might have no practical conception of what life was like during the Elizabethan-era in England. However, Shakespeare’s Sonnets with their universal themes of love and longing, can bridge the gap of centuries and help us gain an insight into peopled feelings in the 17th century.
32. Which of the following shows the benefit memorizing poetry brings to the brain
A. It improves peopled long-term memory.
B. It improve s one’s ability of analysing issues.
C. It makes one les s likely to catch Alzheimer’s
D. It makes one act more creatively.
33. In what way does poetry improve critical thinking
A. Readers have to analyze information to form viewpoints.
B. Readers must understand the obvious meaning of poetry.
C. Readers have to gain a better perspective upon documents.
D. Readers have to have a good control over language.
34. Why does the author mention Shakespeare’s Sonnets
A. To show poetry motivates us learn different cultures.
B. To show poetry helps develop our empathy.
C. To show the universal themes of poetry.
D. To show Shakespeare’s understanding of life.
35. What is the purpose of the text
A. To ask us to read poems.
B. To show how to appreciate poems.
C. To tell the importance of poetry in history.
D. To explain the benefits of reading poetry.
参考答案
山西省运城市2021-2022学年高二上学期期末调研测试英语试题
【1~3题答案】
【答案】1. D 2. B 3. D
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇说明文。本文列举了五个已经过时了的老旧词汇，不建议读者继续使用。
【1题详解】
推理判断题。根据1. Whippersnapper段落下的“In its more contemporary version, the word relates to a young person who is too confident and does not show enough respect to older people.(在更现代的版本中，这个词指的是一个过于自信、对老年人不够尊重的年轻人)”可知，如果一个年轻人总是觉得自己比别人重要，那么可以用“Whippersnapper”形容他或她。故选D。
【2题详解】
细节理解题。根据2. Tape段落下的“Today, though digital media has made data storage on magnetic tape a thing of the past, this old linguistic habit still exists.(如今，虽然数字媒体已经使磁带上的数据存储成为过去，但这种古老的语言习惯仍然存在)”可知，数字媒体这种科技使得“磁带”过时了。故选B。
【3题详解】
推理判断题。根据第一段最后一句“If so, here are some old-fashioned words you should remove from your vocabulary list.(如果是这样的话，下面是一些你应该从词汇表中删除的老式词汇)”可知，本文的目的是建议读者不要使用过时的词语。故选D。
【答案】4. A 5. B 6. C 7. A
【解析】
【分析】这是一篇记叙文。主要记叙了著名戏剧家O'Neill的生平经历和成就。
【4题详解】
细节理解题。根据第一段第二句“His father was a successful touring actor. Because of that, Eugene spent his early childhood in hotels, on trains, and backstage.”（他的父亲是一个成功的巡回演员。因为那个，他在宾馆、火车以及后台度过了他的童年）可知，是他父亲的职业激发了他对戏剧的热情，故选A。
【5题详解】
细节理解题。根据第二段第二句“He left Princeton University in 1907, only about one year after he entered it, to start what he later called his real education in "life experience".”（在他入学约一年后，他于1907年离开了普林斯顿大学，去开始他后来视为从“生活经验”中的真正教育）可知。他是为了从生活中获得真正的教育，故选B。
【6题详解】
词义猜测题。根据本段第三句“While O'Neill was only one of those whose plays were produced by the theater, he led the group to success because of his contribution within the next few years. Between 1916 and 1920, the theater produced all of O'Neill's one-act sea plays.”（尽管O'Neill只是唯一使用剧院创作的剧本的演员，因为他后面几年的贡献，他带领这个团队取得了成功。）可知，他开始取得成功和关注，故选C。
【7题详解】
细节理解题。根据第四段第二句“The play brought O'Neill more public attention, as well as his first Pulitzer Prize”（这部戏剧让O'Neill受到公众的更多关注，以及他的第一个普利策奖）可知，他的名气得到进一步提升，即这部戏剧巩固了他在戏剧领域的名气,故选A。
【答案】8. B 9. D 10. C 11. A
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇说明文。慕尼黑的心理学家们通过研究揭示智能手机的数字数据是如何体现用户个性特征的。
【8题详解】
细节理解题。根据第二段第二句“The digital data that these devices constantly collect are a goldmine-not only for the five largest American IT companies, which make use of them for advertising purposes.(这些设备不断收集的数字数据是一座宝库，不仅只针对美国五大IT公司来说，它们利用这些数据进行广告宣传)”可知，美国的IT公司利用这些数据打广告。故选B。
【9题详解】
细节理解题。根据第三段第三句“The App was designed to collect coded information relating to the behavior of the user.(该应用程序旨在收集与用户行为相关的编码信息)”可知，要求志愿者下载应用程序是因为需要收集信息。故选D。
【10题详解】
推理判断题。根据第四段中Clemens Stachl所说的话“the potential of these applications-in both research and business-is very great. The opportunities opened up by today’s data-driven society will undoubtedly improve the lives of large numbers of people.(这些应用在研究和商业上都有很大的潜力。当今的数据驱动社会所带来的机遇无疑将改善大多数人的生活)”可知，数字数据研究将使人们受益。故选C。
【11题详解】
主旨大意题。通读全文并结合第一段第一句“Everyone who uses a smartphone unavoidably produces masses of digital data that are accessible to others, and these data provide clues to the user’s personality.(每个使用智能手机的人都不可避免地产生大量其他人可以访问的数字数据，这些数据提供了用户个性的线索)”可知，本文主要介绍了智能手机的数字数据可以体现用户的个性特征。故选A。
【答案】12. D 13. B 14. C 15. A
【解析】
【分析】这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了3D打印技术的最新应用领域：食物。3D食物打印技术的应用可节省人们的时间和精力，且具有可持续性和满足个人营养需求等优势，但同时它也面临着诸多挑战。
【12题详解】
细节理解题。根据文章第三段第四句“Some experts believe printers could use hydrocolloids (水解胶体) from plentiful renewables like algae (藻类) and grass to replace the familiar ingredients (烹饪原料).”（一些专家认为，打印机可以使用从像藻类和草等丰富的可再生资源中获得的水解胶体来代替熟悉的烹饪原料）可知，3D食物打印用可再生材料作为食物原料。故选D。
【13题详解】
推理判断题。根据文章第四段“Food printing could allow consumers to print food with customized nutritional content like vitamins.”（食物打印能使客户打印含有定制的有营养的比如维他命的内容的食物）可推知，3D打印食物能满足个人的营养需求。故选B。
14题详解】
细节理解题。根据最后一段第三句话“On top of that, most of the 3D food printers now are restricted to dry ingredients, because meat and milk products may easily go bad.”（除了那一点以外，绝大部分3D食物打印现在局限于干燥的原料，因为肉和牛奶产品可能容易变质）可知，食品材料必须干燥是阻碍3D食品打印普及的主要因素。故选C。
【15题详解】
主旨大意题。根据文章第一句There’s a new frontier in 3D printing that’s beginning to come into focus: food.（3D打印的一个新领域开始成为人们关注的焦点:食物。）可知，文章的主题为3D打印技术的新领域——食品，接下来主要介绍了这一应用的优点，也提及了它面临的挑战。所以短文的最佳标题为“3D Food Printing: Delicious New Technology.”。故选A。
山西省运城市2020-2021学年高二上学期期末调研测试英语试题
21-35.DBCDA BBCAA DBDCC
山西省运城市2019-2020学年高二上学期期末调研测试英语试题
21—23 BCB 24—27 CDBC 28—31 ABAD 32—35 CABD