福建省南平市2019-2022学年高二下学期英语期末试卷汇编：阅读理解专题（含答案）
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福建省南平市2019-2022三年高二下学期英语期末试卷汇编
阅读理解专题
福建省南平市2021-2022学年高二下学期期末质量检测英语试题
第一节（共15小题；每小题2.5分，满分37.5分）
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。
A
World Book Day, first celebrated on April 23 in 1995, is an annual event organized by the UNESCO to promote reading, publishing and copyright. Let’s take a look at the world’s fascinating libraries and enjoy the fun of reading.
Royal Portuguese Cabinet of Reading
Located in the center of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, the Royal Portuguese Cabinet of Reading is a library and cultural institution. Open to the public since 1900, the cabinet has the largest collection of Portuguese literature outside Portugal, holding more than 350,000 books.
Stuttgart City Library
The Stuttgart City Library, built in 2011, focuses in particular on the Stuttgart region literary scene and has a permanent exhibition for authors from Stuttgart and the surrounding region. In addition, there is a central children’s library and a music library.
Wormhole Library
Open to the public in 2021 and located in Haikou, South China’s Hainan Province, the Wormhole Library provides the public with an ideal spot for reading and resting. It has a reading space and leisure areas such as cafés, baby care rooms and a rooftop garden.
National Library of Indonesia
The National Library of Indonesia, established in 1980, has the most complete collection of publications in the country, recording the history and culture of Indonesia in various times. Works written on leaves and Indonesian native paper are some of the rare items kept in the collection.
1. Which library is the oldest
A. National Library of Indonesia. B. Wormhole Library.
C. Royal Portuguese Cabinet of Reading. D. Stuttgart City Library.
2. What can readers do in Stuttgart City Library
A. Enjoy leisure by watching musicals.
B. Attend exhibitions at a particular time.
C. Find works of Stuttgart writers on display.
D. Get information about Stuttgart musicians.
3 What is unique about the National Library of Indonesia
A. Its baby care room for readers.
B. Its complete publications of the country.
C. Its precious volumes of the local culture.
D. Its collected works written on leaves and native paper.
B
Of the many events held as part of the X Games—an annual world extreme sports event, Zhong Chengzhan likes skiing most, despite having lost the use of both legs in a skiing accident some nine years ago.
Before the accident in 2013, which left him with paraplegia (截肢) of the upper limbs, Zhong was a committed X Games fan and was already involved in activities such as snowboarding, bicycle climbing, paragliding and nautical sports. He’s also the owner of Kailas, a climbing wear and equipment company founded in 2003 that is a household name to outdoor enthusiasts worldwide.
Zhong’s passion for the X Games grew out of his love for snow and ice, which he first developed on a cycling trip from Sichuan Province to the Tibet Autonomous Region when he was 21. After his accident, Zhong continued to ski and discovered that there were still many sports that people with disabilities could do.
In 2015, he traveled to Austria to learn how to ski in a wheelchair. He visited a number of resorts in Australia, New Zealand and Germany for training over the following two years, which helped him master the skills he’d need to ski in a wheelchair. His persistence paid off. Zhong took fifth place in the National Disabled Alpine Skiing and Snowboarding Champions in January 2018.
The 44-year-old plans to organize a grassroots ski team of disabled people and hopes to encourage more people to join. With his skill as a wheelchair skier improving, Zhong set up another company in 2014 to focus on the design, research and production of wheelchairs, helping to fill a gap in the domestic production of high-end wheelchairs.
With the conclusion of the 2022 Beijing Winter Paralympic Games, Zhong feels the improvement of sports facilities and equipment will encourage more people with disabilities to participate in parasports.
4. Which of the following is Zhong crazy about
A. Cycling trips. B. Extreme sports.
C. Wheelchair design. D. Company management.
5. What can we learn from the last two paragraphs
A. Zhong decided to fund the disabled.
B. Zhong organized a team of his own.
C. Zhong worked on improving the wheelchair.
D. Zhong got more people to join in his company.
6. Which of the following best describes Zhong
A. Generous and brave. B. Ambitious and honest.
C. Determined and inspiring. D. Modest and committed.
7. Which is a suitable title for the text
A. Skiing in a Wheelchair B. A Turning Skiing Accident
C. A Committed X Games Fan D. Sports for Disabled People
C
Homework: one word that makes the hearts of many a parent sink and is guaranteed, at any given time, to be causing arguments in homes around the world.
The homework debate has continued for decades. Recent years have seen a swell of support for reducing homework stress; more than one teacher has started to follow the less-homework policy that lays emphasis on family time, outdoor play, and early bedtimes as well as on the moderate amount of homework for primary school students. And some schools have adopted less-homework programs, encouraging students to enjoy their evening free time and in some cases lengthening the school day to provide more classroom instruction.
There is an unofficial homework standard—the “10-minute rule” that was first proposed by Duke University psychology professor Harris Cooper and is supported by the National Parent Teacher Association and the National Education Association. It’s simple: a daily maximum of 10 minutes of homework per grade level. First graders do 10 minutes of homework each night; second graders do 20 minutes; third graders do 30 minutes, and so on.
Cooper is responsible for the most comprehensive research on homework to date. His 2006 meta-analysis, published in the Review of Educational Research, found evidence that students who did homework performed better in school. The connection between homework and performance was much stronger for students in seventh through 12th grade than for those in earlier grades.
But Cooper’s analysis shows relevance, not cause-effect relationship. It begs the questions: Does homework lead to achievement Yes. However, do high achievers simply do more homework Obviously, the answer to that is NO. Undoubtedly, some kids are less likely to complain about doing homework than others. Others actually want to do homework. The point being, they’re all different.
8. What does the “less-homework” policy stress
A. Guidance in class. B. Life-study balance.
C Little leisure time. D. Shortened school day.
9. How much time should fifth graders spend on homework per night
A. 20 minutes. B. 30 minutes. C. 40 minutes. D. 50 minutes.
10. What does Cooper’s research show
A. A high achiever doesn’t need to do homework.
B. More homework accounts for better performances.
C. Students in lower grades seldom do their homework.
D. Homework affects school performance to some extent.
11. What is the author’s attitude towards doing homework
A. Favorable. B. Objective. C. Doubtful. D. Disapproving.
D
Recently, campaigners have encouraged us to buy local food, trying to persuade people to reduce “food miles”, that is, the distance food travels from the producer to the retailer. They reason that the higher the food miles, the more carbon emissions. Buying local food, therefore, has a lower carbon footprint and is more environmentally friendly.
However, the real story is not as simple as that. If our aim is to reduce carbon emissions, we must look at the whole farming process, not just transportation. According to a 2008 study, only 11% of carbon emissions in the food production process resulted from transportation, and only 4% originated from the final delivery of the product from the producer to the retailer. Other processes, including fertilization, storage, heating and irrigation, contributed much more.
In fact, imported food often has a lower carbon footprint than locally grown food. Take apples, for example. In autumn, when apples are harvested, the best option for a British resident is to buy British apples. However, the apples we buy in winter or spring have been kept refrigerated for months, and this uses up a lot of energy. In spring, therefore, it is more energy-efficient to import them from New Zealand, where they are in season. Heating also uses a lot of energy, which is why growing tomatoes in heated greenhouses in the UK is less environmentally friendly than importing them from Spain, where the crop grows well in the local climate.
Recently, some supermarkets have been trying to raise awareness of food miles by labelling foods with stickers that show they have been imported by air. But ultimately, the message this gives is too simple. Lots of different factors contribute to a food’s carbon footprint besides the distance it has travelled. And even if we only buy local food which is currently in season, there are ethical-related things. What’s more, our diets would be more limited.
12. What does the underlined word “retailer” mean in paragraph1
A. Investor. B. Seller. C. Developer. D. Employer.
13. Why is the 2008 study mentioned in paragraph 2
A. To support the argument. B. To explain a rule.
C. To introduce the topic. D. To present a fact.
14. What food does the author probably suggest buying in Britain
A. Local apples in autumn time.
B Local fruits from the greenhouses.
C. Oranges from supermarkets in spring.
D. Imported tomatoes from New Zealand.
15. What is the purpose of the text
A. To advocate buying local food.
B. To raise the awareness of food safety.
C. To stress carbon emissions in transportation.
D. To state an idea about food’s carbon footprint.
福建省南平市2020-2021学年高二下学期期末质量检测英语试题
第一节（共15小题；每小题2.5分，满分37.5分）
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项（A、B、C和D）中，选出最佳选项。
A
It's time to put your two-wheeler to good use on these fun bike paths — each varying in distance and difficulty. Just choose one fit for you.
Paulinskill Valley Trail
Check out Paulinskill Valley Trail, filled with forests, wetlands, and small towns along this 25- mile route. While the trail is mostly flat, you can do a quick ride. You're likely to catch sight of beautiful birds, considering more than 100 species find a home in the land near the path. Check out the trail in the fall - prime time for pretty sights.
Ala Hele Makalae
On the island of Kaui, you'll find a bike path with lots of beachy views that'll leave you feeling accomplished yet calm. The name translates to “The Path that Goes By Coast," and, as you might guess, the seven-mile path hugs the shoreline. Start early enough and you'll witness an incredible sunrise to make it even more amazing,
The Cheaha Route
This ride covers up to 126 miles, with steep climbs and extreme downhills along the way. So prepare for a thrilling ride - one that's not necessarily for the inexperienced or those looking for an easy, casual ride. Along the route, you'll pedal through five towns. The journey is worth it, though, because you get some of the most scenic views in the state.
The Whitefish Trail
Famous for its countless route options, whether you're a new biker looking for smooth tracks or you have more experience and want to play around on rocky, more technical land, this bike path brings in lots of visitors. The 43-mile route offers beautiful green scenery. Around every comer, you'll see a new jaw-dropping landscape, from glassy lakes to green mountains.
21. When is the best time to visit Paulinskill Valley Trail
A. In Autumn. B. All year round.
C. On early mornings. D. On sunny days.
22. Which route is not fit for someone new to cycling
A. The Whitefish Trail. B. Ala Hele Makalae.
C. Paulinskill Valley Trail. D. The Cheaha Route.
23. What's the common feature of the four routes
A. They are full of challenges. B. Various route options are offered.
C. They have beautiful scenery. D. Different species can be found there.
B
My first week working in a restaurant, one of the servers said something that stuck with me: Everyone should work in a restaurant for at least a year. At the time, I didn't get it, but I took the advice to heart and worked in restaurants on and off for the next eight years. Before realizing it, I mastered many important skills, one of which is communication skill.
When I was little, I was so shy that I used to hide behind my mom whenever someone spoke to me. And when I first started in restaurants, I had two personalities: Restaurant Lizzy and Home Lizzy. It was easier to pretend to be a different person while at work, since it was so different from who I actually was. But gradually, the skills I learned working in restaurants helped Home Lizzy come out of her shell in the real world.
When you work in a restaurant, you don't have the luxury of hiding behind your parents to avoid talking to people. I'm still 110% an introvert （内向的人），but restaurant work helped me communicate. Working in a restaurant not only helped me speak clearly, deliberately and directly but also taught me how to talk about almost everything. Some guests don't want their servers to interact too much with them, and that's fine. But some sit at the bar simply to chat with you. You learn how to judge your guests' level of interest in communicating with you, and how to exit a conversation at the appropriate time.
My restaurant work is something that I'm most proud of and I know I wouldn't be the person I am today without those eight years of experience. If you're still on the fence about working in a restaurant for that long, start with one year. I doubt that you'll look back.
24. What did the writer think of the server's words
A. Impressive. B. Ridiculous. C. Amusing. D. Logical.
25. What do we infer from Paragraph 2
A. The writer tried different jobs. B. The writer became more sociable.
C. The writer used an invented name. D. The writer had a hard time at work.
26. Which of the following best describes the writer's restaurant work
A. Boring. B. Relaxing. C. Worthwhile. D. Unchallenging.
27. What message does the writer try to convey in this passage
A. A strong-willed soul can reach his goal.
B. Things are difficult before they are easy.
C. Communication skills advance your career.
D. Restaurant work helps to achieve a better self
C
The American poet Louise Gluck, author of 12 collections of poetry, has been awarded the 2020 Nobel Prize in Literature. Bom in New York in 1943, Gluck published her first volume of poetry, “Firstborn”, in 1968, quickly gaining her reputation as a poet. In the decades since, she has become one of the country's most celebrated literary figures. Her work uses the power of myth to deal with some of our darkest human concerns. Her straightforward language always gets at the heart of deep- seated anxieties: loneliness, rejection, death ...
Stephanie Burt, an English professor at Harvard University, said, "She's someone who's been able to make emotion states vivid on the page... Few poets have tried as hard as she has not to repeat herself. And her strongest books are really different from one another". “She offers poetry lovers a lot of inspiration, but she's also on a lot of bookshelves," said Chiasson, a poet, who added she is a generous reader of her fellow writers’ work.
At Yale, where Gluck is a professor of English, she served for years as judge of the Yale Series of Younger Poets Prize and worked closely with poets she chose for the prize and those she did not, helping them shape their work. "In that very practical way she's had an enormous influence on a great many figures," said Langdon Hammer, a professor of English at Yale. "She's someone who has been a 'guiding spirit" for generations of students, writers, and readers."
Gluck described teaching and writing as symbiotic （共生关系）.“I teach not out of selflessness or generosity: I do it because it feeds me," she said. "It feeds them, too, so it's a happy relationship. I'm sure not all my students feel that way, but some do. I never feel that it takes me from my work: I think it gives me my work.”
28. Which of the following topics might Gluck tend to explore in her work
A. Victory. B. Divorce. C. Romance. D. Achievement.
29. What quality does Gluck have according to the passage
A. Humorous and intelligent. B. Ambitious and helpful.
C. Considerate and optimistic. D. Inspiring and creative.
30. What does teaching mean to Gluck
A. A source of wealth. B. A barrier to writing.
C. A fountain of creation. D. A stepping stone to fame.
31. What is the best title for the text
A. A Guiding Spirit B. A Successful Pioneer
C. An Adventurous Creator D. A Hardworking Writer
D
Most animals living in crowded conditions have particularly strong immune systems, so it long puzzled researchers that honeybees do not.
Part of the answer, discovered in 2015, is that queen bees vaccinate （接种疫苗）their eggs by moving parts of proteins from disease-causing pathogens （病原体）to them before they are laid. These act as antigens （抗原）to trigger the development of a protective immune response in the developing young. But that observation raises the question of how the queen receives her antigen supply in the first place Dr Harwood wondered if the nurse bees were taking in parts of pathogens and passing them to royal jelly （蜂王浆）they were producing while eating the food brought to the hive （蜂巢）.
To test this idea, he teamed up with a group at the University of Helsinki, in Finland, led by Dr Heli Salmela. Together, they collected about 150 nurse bees and divided them among six queenless mini hives equipped with baby bees to look after. Instead of honey, they fed the nurses on sugar water, and for three of the hives they added P. larvae, a bacterium causing a hive-killing disease, to the sugar water.
In this case, to stop such an infection happening, Dr Harwood and Dr Salmela heat-treated the pathogens and so killed them in advance. They also labelled the dead bacteria with a fluorescent dye （荧光染料），to track them easily. And, sure enough, it was confirmed that parts of P. larvae were getting into royal jelly released by those bees which had been fed with the sugar water containing that.
All told, these findings suggest that nurse bees are indeed, through their royal jelly, passing antigens onto the queen for vaccinating her eggs. They also mean the nurses are vaccinating baby bees as well, because baby bees, too, receive royal jelly for the first few days after they come out.
32. What does the underlined word “trigger" in Paragraph 2 probably mean
A. Cut out. B. Set off. C. Slow down. D. Put off.
33. Which is the main experimental subject in Paragraph 3
A. Queen bees. B. Nurse bees. C. Bee eggs. D. Baby bees.
34. Why was P. larvae added to the sugar water
A. To test if it would cause a hive-killing disease.
B. To check how the bacterium would affect the hive.
C. To see whether the target bees would favor the taste.
D. To confirm the bees would pass pathogens to royal jelly.
35. What is the text mainly about
A. How bees multiply. B. How antigens function.
C. How bees get vaccinated. D. How immune system works.
福建省南平市2019-2020学年高二下学期期末质量检测英语试题
第一节阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项（A、B、C 和 D）中，选出最佳选项。
A
Why TFT is the best
Local Experiences
Our mission is authentic travel. We partner with local experts to create enriching experiences that teach teens to be savvy (有见识的) travelers. Every program is designed to be hands-on — emphasizing doing and feeling, in addition to just seeing, so teens discover what it means to live like a local in every country we visit.
Small and Diverse
Group sizes of 14-21 students allow us to travel comfortably and to make real connections to each other and the host community. Participants come from a mix of different states, regions, and countries. We also welcome solo travelers — 75% of our teens join us without a friend!
The Most Variety
We offer cultural exploration, community service, language, and photography programs to Europe, Africa, Latin America, Oceania, Asia, and North America. We have more programs in more destinations than any other teen travel company. With over 100 programs and 40+ countries to choose from, you’re sure to find a program that’s the perfect fit.
Check out what past travelers have to say about TFT and discover why we are the best.
“This is simply one of the best things we ever did for Ethan. That first trip opened him to a new world. Different cultures, food, diversity, sights, relationships, team building, confidence, independence … only a few of the positive gains for Ethan. Now, he is off to George Washington University with confidence, excitement, and an awareness for others for which we are so grateful. We are pleased and appreciative beyond words to be a member of the TFT family for a lifetime!”
1. What is TFT most probably be
A. A youth travel organization. B. An advertising company.
C. A cross-culture program. D. A learning center for students.
2. Who’s Ethan in the text
A. A tour guide. B. An employee of TFT.
C. A university teacher. D. A former customer.
3. Where is this text most likely from
A. A website advertisement. B. A newspaper report.
C. A textbook on tourism. D. A geographical book.
B
Having an older brother comes with plenty of benefits. Big brothers tend to look out for their younger siblings, and except for the occasional rocky moment here and there, many siblings enjoy life-long close relationships. However, a new study finds an interesting downside: children with older brothers take longer when it comes to developing language skills.
The study, led by a group of researchers in Paris, France, builds upon a former research which showed that having older siblings is associated with poor linguistic development. Now, researchers say they have come to a more specific conclusion: only children with an older brother have these linguistic difficulties.
One would think that children with older brothers would grow up around more conversation on a daily basis, thus speeding up their language development. Yet researchers say such children actually take longer than their older brothers to begin developing these skills. Researchers studied more than 1,000 children from birth to the age of five-and-a-half years old. Each child’s language skills were tested at ages 2, 3, and 5.5, using tests specially designed to measure numerous aspects of language development. What the research team discovered was significant: children with an older brother had, on average, a two-month delay in their language development compared to studied children with an older sister.
As far as explaining this, researchers have put forward two hypotheses. The first is that older sisters tend to talk more often than older brothers, which would make up for parents being less present than they were for their first child. The second hypothesis is that older sisters usually compete with their siblings less than older brothers for their parents’ attention.
Up till now, the study’s authors say they can’t say for certain why children with older brothers have a harder time developing language skills. In the future they would like to know if culture or location affects these results.
4. What does the underlined phrase“rocky moment”in Paragraph 1 refer to
A. Sadness. B. Quarrel. C. Excitement. D. Peace.
5. Why did the Paris researchers carry out the study
A. To find how kids learn from their siblings.
B. To further research into a former study result.
C. To explore the newest trend of linguistic world.
D. To investigate the situation of kids’language skills.
6. Which of the following did the researchers find in kids with siblings
A. Children with older brothers were less active.
B. Siblings are less helpful to them than other people.
C. Kids with older sisters developed their language better.
D. Older children got more chances to talk to their parents.
C
Before the discovery of DNA profiling (分析) in the 1980s, fingerprints were the easiest way to solve serious crimes. It’s believed that each one of us has our own unique fingerprints. But did you know that our fingerprints could actually reveal a lot more about us than just our identity According to Melanie Bailey of The Conversation, fingerprints can indicate lifestyle and environment, eating habits, possible medical problems and even the job of a person.
So how can we figure all this out from just a simple fingerprint Well, a fingerprint is formed when a finger makes contact with a surface. Most fingerprints are invisible to the naked eye (裸眼) and require a chemical development process in order to make them visible. Stuck between the ridges (隆起的纹路) of a fingerprint, however, are substances(物质) that can tell a story about who we are. Things like traces of sweat, blood, and food reveal a lot of information about us — what we’ve touched, what we’ve eaten and even what drugs we’ve taken.
At the moment, the technique used to detect these substances are mostly used in crime detection, but its application could be much wider, according to Bailey. For example, she and her fellow researchers were able to tell what medicines people were taking from their fingerprints, which may be of great help in the future to doctors treating their patients.
A fingerprint check may also tell a doctor whether a patient is properly absorbing a drug they’ve been prescribed (开药). In the treatment of some of the most serious illnesses, it’s vital that the body is taking in these medicines. As Scientific American noted, this is particularly important for patients undergoing treatment for heart conditions and mental disease, as these people might struggle to absorb the drugs or forget or choose not to take them.
And while it’s commonly believed that our fingerprints never change, in fact, they do — and the way they change can provide a lot of very useful information. In the future, fingerprint science won’t be restricted to the crime lab but could help doctors keep us in the best possible health.
7. What is the function of Paragraph 1
A. To make known a common sense. B. To introduce the theme of the passage.
C To summarize the whole passage. D. To serve as a topic explanation.
8. What could a fingerprint tell according to the research
A. How a fingerprint was formed. B. Who the criminal might be.
C. How a doctor should prescribe. D. What drug the patient had taken.
9. What can be learned from the passage
A. The change of fingerprints is of little value.
B. We can see a fingerprint with our naked eyes.
C. Fingerprints are the easiest way to solve crimes.
D. Things stuck between fingerprints’ridges tell a lot.
10. What’s Melanie Bailey’s attitude towards the application of fingerprints
A. Indifferent. B. Skeptical. C. Positive. D. Negative.
参考答案
福建省南平市2021-2022学年高二下学期期末质量检测英语试题
【答案】1. C 2. C 3. D
【解析】
【导语】本文为一篇应用文。介绍了世界上几个迷人的图书馆。
【1题详解】
细节理解题。根据“Royal Portuguese Cabinet of Reading”部分中的“ Open to the public since 1900, the cabinet has the largest collection of Portuguese literature outside Portugal, holding more than 350,000 books.”（自1900年起向公众开放，这个内阁拥有葡萄牙以外最大的葡萄牙文学收藏，拥有超过35万册书籍。），可知该图书管于1900年开放；根据“Stuttgart City Library”部分中的“built in 2011”，可知该图书馆建立于2011年；根据“Wormhole Library”部分中的“Open to the public in 2021”，可知该图书馆开放于2021年；根据“National Library of Indonesia”部分中的“established in 1980”可知该图书馆建立于1980年。四个图书馆相比而言，Royal Portuguese Cabinet of Reading图书馆是开放最早的。故选C。
【2题详解】
细节理解题。根据题干中的“Stuttgart City Library”可将答案定位至第三段，根据该段中“The Stuttgart City Library, built in 2011, focuses in particular on the Stuttgart region literary scene and has a permanent exhibition for authors from Stuttgart and the surrounding region.”（斯图加特城市图书馆建于2011年，特别关注斯图加特地区的文学场景，并为来自斯图加特及其周边地区的作家提供永久性展览。）可知，读者们可以在此发现展出的斯图加特作家的作品。故选C。
【3题详解】
细节理解题。根据题干中的“National Library of Indonesia”可将答案定位至最后一段，根据该段中“Works written on leaves and Indonesian native paper are some of the rare items kept in the collection. ”（用树叶和印尼纸写的作品是收藏的稀有物品。）可知，该图书馆因为拥有在树叶和印尼纸上书写的作品而独一无二，故选D。
【答案】4. B 5. C 6. C 7. C
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。本文叙述了钟承湛虽然失去了双腿，但是对极限运动的热爱依旧不减。他凭借坚强的意志力和自己的努力学会了在轮椅上滑雪，并取得不俗的成绩。他致力于研发轮椅；他还计划组织残疾人滑雪队，鼓励更多残疾人参与到运动当中来。
【4题详解】
细节理解题。根据第一段整段“Of the many events held as part of the X Games—an annual world extreme sports event, Zhong Chengzhan likes skiing most, despite having lost the use of both legs in a skiing accident some nine years ago.(在一年一度的世界极限运动赛事X Games的众多比赛项目中，钟承湛最喜欢滑雪，尽管他在大约九年前的一次滑雪事故中失去了双腿)”可知，滑雪是钟承湛最喜欢、最痴迷的项目。故选B项。
【5题详解】
细节理解题。根据倒数第二段的“With his skill as a wheelchair skier improving, Zhong set up another company in 2014 to focus on the design, research and production of wheelchairs, helping to fill a gap in the domestic production of high-end wheelchairs.(随着他的轮椅滑雪技术的提高，钟在2014年成立了另一家公司，专注于轮椅的设计、研究和生产，填补了国内高端轮椅生产的空白)”可知，他致力于研发轮椅和提升轮椅的品质。故选C项。
【6题详解】
推理判断题。根据第四段的“He visited a number of resorts in Australia, New Zealand and Germany for training over the following two years, which helped him master the skills he’d need to ski in a wheelchair. His persistence paid off. Zhong took fifth place in the National Disabled Alpine Skiing and Snowboarding Champions in January 2018.(在接下来的两年里，他去了澳大利亚、新西兰和德国的一些度假胜地进行培训，这帮助他掌握了在轮椅上滑雪所需的技能。他的坚持得到了回报。2018年1月，钟在全国残疾人高山滑雪和单板滑雪冠军赛中获得第五名)”可知，他虽然失去了双腿，但是他依然凭借他的坚持和努力掌握了在轮椅上滑雪，并在全国残疾人高山滑雪比赛等中获得不错的名次，可见他是一个很有决心且令人深受鼓舞的人。故选C项。
【7题详解】
主旨大意题。根据第一段整段“Of the many events held as part of the X Games—an annual world extreme sports event, Zhong Chengzhan likes skiing most, despite having lost the use of both legs in a skiing accident some nine years ago. (在一年一度的世界极限运动赛事X Games的众多比赛项目中，钟承湛最喜欢滑雪，尽管他在大约九年前的一次滑雪事故中失去了双腿)”以及第二段的“Before the accident in 2013,which left him with paraplegia(截肢) of the upper limbs, Zhong was a committed X Games fan and was already involved in activities such as snowboarding, bicycle climbing, paragliding and nautical sports.(在2013年那场导致他上半肢截瘫的事故之前，钟是一个坚定的极限运动爱好者，已经参与了如单板滑雪，自行车攀登，滑翔伞和航海运动等极限运动)”可知，钟承湛是个特别爱极限运动的人，即使他没了双腿，但这阻止不了他对极限运动的爱。因此，文章讲述了一个极限运动的酷爱者。故选C项。
【答案】8. B 9. D 10. D 11. B
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇议论文。本文阐述的是作者认为家庭作业和学校表现二者之间没有必然的联系，不同的学生对待家庭作业的态度是不同的，有人喜欢做家庭作业，有一些人不喜欢做家庭作业，主要是因为孩子不同。做家庭作业并不能一定带来好的学校表现。
【8题详解】
细节理解题。根据第二段中“more than one teacher has started to follow the less-homework policy that lays emphasis on family time, outdoor play, and early bedtimes as well as on the moderate amount of homework for primary school students. And some schools have adopted less-homework programs, encouraging students to enjoy their evening free time and in some cases lengthening the school day to provide more classroom instruction.”（已经有不止一位老师开始遵循“少作业”政策，强调家庭时间、户外活动、早睡以及小学生的适量作业。一些学校已经采取了减少家庭作业的计划，鼓励学生享受晚上的自由时间，在某些情况下延长上课时间，以提供更多的课堂教学。）可知，“少作业”政策强调家庭时间、户外活动、早睡以及小学生的适量作业。即平衡学习和生活。故选B。
【9题详解】
细节理解题。根据第三段中“ It’s simple: a daily maximum of 10 minutes of homework per grade level. First graders do 10 minutes of homework each night; second graders do 20 minutes; third graders do 30 minutes, and so on.”（这很简单：每个年级每天最多10分钟的家庭作业。一年级学生每晚要做10分钟的家庭作业；二年级学生做20分钟；三年级学生做30分钟，以此类推。）可知，五年级的学生需要做50分钟的家庭作业。故选D。
【10题详解】
细节理解题。根据倒数第二段中“ His 2006 meta-analysis, published in the Review of Educational Research, found evidence that students who did homework performed better in school. The connection between homework and performance was much stronger for students in seventh through 12th grade than for those in earlier grades.”（他2006年发表在《教育研究评论》的成果表明，做家庭作业的学生在学校表现更好。七年级到十二年级的学生的家庭作业与表现之间的联系要比上一年级的学生强得多）可知，家庭作业在一定程度上影响学生的学习成绩。故选D。
【11题详解】
推理判断题。根据最后一段“Does homework lead to achievement Yes. However, do high achievers simply do more homework Obviously, the answer to that is NO. Undoubtedly, some kids are less likely to complain about doing homework than others. Others actually want to do homework. The point being, they’re all different.”（家庭作业能带来成就吗？是的。然而，高成就者仅仅是做了更多的家庭作业吗？显然，答案是否定的。毫无疑问，有些孩子不太可能抱怨做作业。其他人实际上是想做作业。重点是，他们都是不同的。）可知，作者认为家庭作业和学校表现之间只是相关关系，不是因果关系，不同孩子对待作业的态度是不同的，因此做家庭作业可能的也可能是不好的，这取决于不同的孩子。由此推知，作者对家庭作业保持的是客观的的态度。故选B。
【答案】12. B 13. A 14. A 15. D
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了活动家们积极提倡减少“食品里程”，即少买进口食品而更多购买当地食品来减少碳排放，而实际上本地食品所产生的碳足迹比进口食品还要多。作者在文章里举了一些例子证明了造成碳足迹的因素并非只有“食品里程”。
【12题详解】
词句猜测题。根据第一段第一句“Recently, campaigners have encouraged us to buy local food, trying to persuade people to reduce “food miles”, that is, the distance food travels from the producer to the retailer.(最近，活动家们鼓励我们购买当地食品，试图说服人们减少“食品里程”，即食品从生产商到retailer的距离)”及常识可知，我们是在零售商那里购买食品的。由此推知，划线词retailer意为“销售者、卖方”。故选B项。
【13题详解】
推理判断题。根据第二段整段“According to a 2008 study, only 11% of carbon emissions in the food production process resulted from transportation, and only 4% originated from the final delivery of the product from the producer to the retailer. Other processes, including fertilization, storage, heating and irrigation, contributed much more.(根据2008年的一项研究，食品生产过程中只有11%的碳排放来自运输，只有4%来自产品从生产商到零售商的最终交付。其他过程，包括施肥、储存、加热和灌溉，贡献更大)”可知，根据2008的研究，真正造成碳排放多并非来自运输，而是其它的过程。由此可知，引用2008年研究是为支持作者的观点。故选A项。
【14题详解】
细节理解题。根据第三段的“Take apples, for example. In autumn, when apples are harvested, the best option for a British resident is to buy British apples. (以苹果为例。秋天，当苹果收获的时候，英国居民的最佳选择是购买英国苹果)”可知，秋天是苹果收货的季节，那时买苹果是最合适不过了。故选A项。
【15题详解】
推理判断题。根据第一段第一句“Recently, campaigners have encouraged us to buy local food, trying to persuade people to reduce “food miles”, that is, the distance food travels from the producer to the retailer.(最近，活动家们鼓励我们购买当地食品，试图说服人们减少“食品里程”，即食品从生产商到零售商的距离)”，第二段的第一句“However, the real story is not as simple as that.(然而，真实的故事并不那么简单)”，第三段的第一句“In fact, imported food often has a lower carbon footprint than locally grown food.(事实上，进口食品的碳足迹通常比本地种植的食品低)”以及最后一段的“But ultimately, the message this gives is too simple. Lots of different factors contribute to a food’s carbon footprint besides the distance it has travelled.(但归根结底，这传达的信息太简单了。除了食物经过的距离之外，还有许多不同的因素导致了食物的碳足迹)”可知，这篇文章的目的是阐述一个关于食物碳足迹的观点。故选D项。
福建省南平市2020-2021学年高二下学期期末质量检测英语试题
21. A
22. D
23. C
24. A
25. B
26. C
27. D
28. B
29. D
30. C
31. A
32. B
33. B
34. D
35. C
福建省南平市2019-2020学年高二下学期期末质量检测英语试题
【答案】1. A 2. D 3. A
【解析】
【分析】这是一篇应用文。文章主要向大家介绍了为什么TFT是青年旅行者最好选择的原因。
【1题详解】
细节理解题。根据文章第一段“Our mission is authentic travel. We partner with local experts to create enriching experiences that teach teens to be savvy (有见识的) travelers.”可知，TFT的主要使命是真正的旅行，他们与当地专家合作，创建多样性丰富的体验，去教会青少年成为有见识的旅行者，因此TFT可能是一个针对年轻人的旅游组织。故选A项。
【2题详解】
细节理解题。根据文章最后一段“Check out what past travelers have to say about TFT”和“only a few of the positive gains for Ethan”，可知Ethan针对参加活动过程中获得的一些积极感受跟大家分享，所以他是一位曾经参加过TFT的旅行者。故选D项。
【3题详解】
推理判断题。根据文章小标题“Local Experiences”、“Small and Diverse”、“The Most Variety”和“Check out what past travelers have to say about TFT and discover why we are the best.”可知，文章主要通过介绍TFT特点和参加过旅行者的感受，向大家推介TFT是最好的选择的原因，因此这是一篇广告。故选A项。
【答案】4. B 5. B 6. C
【解析】
【分析】这是一篇说明文。一项新的研究发现了一个关于有兄弟姐妹的有趣缺点：有哥哥的孩子在发展语言技能方面需要更长的时间。文章说明了研究过程，并结合研究给出了相应的解释。
【4题详解】
词义猜测题。结合上文Big brothers tend to look out for their younger siblings (兄弟，姐妹), and except for the occasional以及后文many siblings enjoy life-long close relationships.可知大哥哥往往会照顾他们的弟弟妹妹，除了偶尔争吵的时刻，许多兄弟姐妹享受一生的亲密关系。由此可知，划线短语指的是“争吵”。A. Sadness.悲伤；B. Quarrel.争吵；C. Excitement.激动；D. Peace.和平。故选B。
【5题详解】
推理判断题。根据第二段The study, led by a group of researchers in Paris, France, builds upon a former research which showed that having older siblings is associated with poor linguistic development. Now, researchers say they have come to a more specific conclusion: only children with an older brother have these linguistic difficulties.可知这项研究由法国巴黎的一组研究人员领导，其基础是之前的一项研究，该研究表明，有哥哥姐姐与语言发育不良有关。现在，研究人员说，他们得出了一个更具体的结论：只有有哥哥的孩子才会有这种语言障碍。由此可推知，巴黎的研究人员要进行这项研究，是为了进一步研究以前的研究结果。故选B。
【6题详解】
细节理解题。根据第三段中What the research team discovered was significant: children with an older brother had, on average, a two-month delay in their language development compared to studied children with an older sister.可知研究小组的发现意义重大：与有姐姐的孩子相比，有哥哥的孩子的语言发展平均要慢两个月。由此可知，研究人员在有兄弟姐妹的孩子身上发现，有姐姐的孩子语言发展得更好。故选C。
【答案】7. B 8. D 9. D 10. C
【解析】
【分析】这是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了指纹的作用。
【7题详解】
推理判断题。根据文章第一段“According to Melanie Bailey of The Conversation, fingerprints can indicate lifestyle and environment, eating habits, possible medical problems and even the job of a person.”可知，第一段向大家介绍指纹可以体现出一个人的生活方式、所处环境、饮食习惯、潜在的健康问题甚至职业。因此第一段的主要作用是向大家介绍这篇文章的主题“指纹”。故选B项。
【8题详解】
细节理解题。根据文章第三段“For example, she and her fellow researchers were able to tell what medicines people were taking from their fingerprints, which may be of great help in the future to doctors treating their patients.”可知，Bailey和她的研究人员们能够通过指纹判断人们服用的药物，这在将来医生治疗病人会起重要作用。因此，从她的实验中我们得出通过指纹可以判断人们服用的药物。故选D项。
【9题详解】
细节理解题。根据文章第二段“Stuck between the ridges (隆起的纹路) of a fingerprint, however, are substances(物质) that can tell a story about who we are.”可知，在指纹隆起的纹路之间隐藏着包含我们信息的物质。故选D项。
【10题详解】
推理判断题。根据文章第三段“At the moment, the technique used to detect these substances are mostly used in crime detection, but its application could be much wider, according to Bailey.”可知，Bailey认为“现今，检测这些物质的技术大多用于刑侦，但其应用可以更为广泛。”因此判断出Bailey对于指纹的广泛应用持积极态度。故选C项。
阅读理解专题
福建省南平市2021-2022学年高二下学期期末质量检测英语试题
第一节（共15小题；每小题2.5分，满分37.5分）
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。
A
World Book Day, first celebrated on April 23 in 1995, is an annual event organized by the UNESCO to promote reading, publishing and copyright. Let’s take a look at the world’s fascinating libraries and enjoy the fun of reading.
Royal Portuguese Cabinet of Reading
Located in the center of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, the Royal Portuguese Cabinet of Reading is a library and cultural institution. Open to the public since 1900, the cabinet has the largest collection of Portuguese literature outside Portugal, holding more than 350,000 books.
Stuttgart City Library
The Stuttgart City Library, built in 2011, focuses in particular on the Stuttgart region literary scene and has a permanent exhibition for authors from Stuttgart and the surrounding region. In addition, there is a central children’s library and a music library.
Wormhole Library
Open to the public in 2021 and located in Haikou, South China’s Hainan Province, the Wormhole Library provides the public with an ideal spot for reading and resting. It has a reading space and leisure areas such as cafés, baby care rooms and a rooftop garden.
National Library of Indonesia
The National Library of Indonesia, established in 1980, has the most complete collection of publications in the country, recording the history and culture of Indonesia in various times. Works written on leaves and Indonesian native paper are some of the rare items kept in the collection.
1. Which library is the oldest
A. National Library of Indonesia. B. Wormhole Library.
C. Royal Portuguese Cabinet of Reading. D. Stuttgart City Library.
2. What can readers do in Stuttgart City Library
A. Enjoy leisure by watching musicals.
B. Attend exhibitions at a particular time.
C. Find works of Stuttgart writers on display.
D. Get information about Stuttgart musicians.
3 What is unique about the National Library of Indonesia
A. Its baby care room for readers.
B. Its complete publications of the country.
C. Its precious volumes of the local culture.
D. Its collected works written on leaves and native paper.
B
Of the many events held as part of the X Games—an annual world extreme sports event, Zhong Chengzhan likes skiing most, despite having lost the use of both legs in a skiing accident some nine years ago.
Before the accident in 2013, which left him with paraplegia (截肢) of the upper limbs, Zhong was a committed X Games fan and was already involved in activities such as snowboarding, bicycle climbing, paragliding and nautical sports. He’s also the owner of Kailas, a climbing wear and equipment company founded in 2003 that is a household name to outdoor enthusiasts worldwide.
Zhong’s passion for the X Games grew out of his love for snow and ice, which he first developed on a cycling trip from Sichuan Province to the Tibet Autonomous Region when he was 21. After his accident, Zhong continued to ski and discovered that there were still many sports that people with disabilities could do.
In 2015, he traveled to Austria to learn how to ski in a wheelchair. He visited a number of resorts in Australia, New Zealand and Germany for training over the following two years, which helped him master the skills he’d need to ski in a wheelchair. His persistence paid off. Zhong took fifth place in the National Disabled Alpine Skiing and Snowboarding Champions in January 2018.
The 44-year-old plans to organize a grassroots ski team of disabled people and hopes to encourage more people to join. With his skill as a wheelchair skier improving, Zhong set up another company in 2014 to focus on the design, research and production of wheelchairs, helping to fill a gap in the domestic production of high-end wheelchairs.
With the conclusion of the 2022 Beijing Winter Paralympic Games, Zhong feels the improvement of sports facilities and equipment will encourage more people with disabilities to participate in parasports.
4. Which of the following is Zhong crazy about
A. Cycling trips. B. Extreme sports.
C. Wheelchair design. D. Company management.
5. What can we learn from the last two paragraphs
A. Zhong decided to fund the disabled.
B. Zhong organized a team of his own.
C. Zhong worked on improving the wheelchair.
D. Zhong got more people to join in his company.
6. Which of the following best describes Zhong
A. Generous and brave. B. Ambitious and honest.
C. Determined and inspiring. D. Modest and committed.
7. Which is a suitable title for the text
A. Skiing in a Wheelchair B. A Turning Skiing Accident
C. A Committed X Games Fan D. Sports for Disabled People
C
Homework: one word that makes the hearts of many a parent sink and is guaranteed, at any given time, to be causing arguments in homes around the world.
The homework debate has continued for decades. Recent years have seen a swell of support for reducing homework stress; more than one teacher has started to follow the less-homework policy that lays emphasis on family time, outdoor play, and early bedtimes as well as on the moderate amount of homework for primary school students. And some schools have adopted less-homework programs, encouraging students to enjoy their evening free time and in some cases lengthening the school day to provide more classroom instruction.
There is an unofficial homework standard—the “10-minute rule” that was first proposed by Duke University psychology professor Harris Cooper and is supported by the National Parent Teacher Association and the National Education Association. It’s simple: a daily maximum of 10 minutes of homework per grade level. First graders do 10 minutes of homework each night; second graders do 20 minutes; third graders do 30 minutes, and so on.
Cooper is responsible for the most comprehensive research on homework to date. His 2006 meta-analysis, published in the Review of Educational Research, found evidence that students who did homework performed better in school. The connection between homework and performance was much stronger for students in seventh through 12th grade than for those in earlier grades.
But Cooper’s analysis shows relevance, not cause-effect relationship. It begs the questions: Does homework lead to achievement Yes. However, do high achievers simply do more homework Obviously, the answer to that is NO. Undoubtedly, some kids are less likely to complain about doing homework than others. Others actually want to do homework. The point being, they’re all different.
8. What does the “less-homework” policy stress
A. Guidance in class. B. Life-study balance.
C Little leisure time. D. Shortened school day.
9. How much time should fifth graders spend on homework per night
A. 20 minutes. B. 30 minutes. C. 40 minutes. D. 50 minutes.
10. What does Cooper’s research show
A. A high achiever doesn’t need to do homework.
B. More homework accounts for better performances.
C. Students in lower grades seldom do their homework.
D. Homework affects school performance to some extent.
11. What is the author’s attitude towards doing homework
A. Favorable. B. Objective. C. Doubtful. D. Disapproving.
D
Recently, campaigners have encouraged us to buy local food, trying to persuade people to reduce “food miles”, that is, the distance food travels from the producer to the retailer. They reason that the higher the food miles, the more carbon emissions. Buying local food, therefore, has a lower carbon footprint and is more environmentally friendly.
However, the real story is not as simple as that. If our aim is to reduce carbon emissions, we must look at the whole farming process, not just transportation. According to a 2008 study, only 11% of carbon emissions in the food production process resulted from transportation, and only 4% originated from the final delivery of the product from the producer to the retailer. Other processes, including fertilization, storage, heating and irrigation, contributed much more.
In fact, imported food often has a lower carbon footprint than locally grown food. Take apples, for example. In autumn, when apples are harvested, the best option for a British resident is to buy British apples. However, the apples we buy in winter or spring have been kept refrigerated for months, and this uses up a lot of energy. In spring, therefore, it is more energy-efficient to import them from New Zealand, where they are in season. Heating also uses a lot of energy, which is why growing tomatoes in heated greenhouses in the UK is less environmentally friendly than importing them from Spain, where the crop grows well in the local climate.
Recently, some supermarkets have been trying to raise awareness of food miles by labelling foods with stickers that show they have been imported by air. But ultimately, the message this gives is too simple. Lots of different factors contribute to a food’s carbon footprint besides the distance it has travelled. And even if we only buy local food which is currently in season, there are ethical-related things. What’s more, our diets would be more limited.
12. What does the underlined word “retailer” mean in paragraph1
A. Investor. B. Seller. C. Developer. D. Employer.
13. Why is the 2008 study mentioned in paragraph 2
A. To support the argument. B. To explain a rule.
C. To introduce the topic. D. To present a fact.
14. What food does the author probably suggest buying in Britain
A. Local apples in autumn time.
B Local fruits from the greenhouses.
C. Oranges from supermarkets in spring.
D. Imported tomatoes from New Zealand.
15. What is the purpose of the text
A. To advocate buying local food.
B. To raise the awareness of food safety.
C. To stress carbon emissions in transportation.
D. To state an idea about food’s carbon footprint.
福建省南平市2020-2021学年高二下学期期末质量检测英语试题
第一节（共15小题；每小题2.5分，满分37.5分）
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项（A、B、C和D）中，选出最佳选项。
A
It's time to put your two-wheeler to good use on these fun bike paths — each varying in distance and difficulty. Just choose one fit for you.
Paulinskill Valley Trail
Check out Paulinskill Valley Trail, filled with forests, wetlands, and small towns along this 25- mile route. While the trail is mostly flat, you can do a quick ride. You're likely to catch sight of beautiful birds, considering more than 100 species find a home in the land near the path. Check out the trail in the fall - prime time for pretty sights.
Ala Hele Makalae
On the island of Kaui, you'll find a bike path with lots of beachy views that'll leave you feeling accomplished yet calm. The name translates to “The Path that Goes By Coast," and, as you might guess, the seven-mile path hugs the shoreline. Start early enough and you'll witness an incredible sunrise to make it even more amazing,
The Cheaha Route
This ride covers up to 126 miles, with steep climbs and extreme downhills along the way. So prepare for a thrilling ride - one that's not necessarily for the inexperienced or those looking for an easy, casual ride. Along the route, you'll pedal through five towns. The journey is worth it, though, because you get some of the most scenic views in the state.
The Whitefish Trail
Famous for its countless route options, whether you're a new biker looking for smooth tracks or you have more experience and want to play around on rocky, more technical land, this bike path brings in lots of visitors. The 43-mile route offers beautiful green scenery. Around every comer, you'll see a new jaw-dropping landscape, from glassy lakes to green mountains.
21. When is the best time to visit Paulinskill Valley Trail
A. In Autumn. B. All year round.
C. On early mornings. D. On sunny days.
22. Which route is not fit for someone new to cycling
A. The Whitefish Trail. B. Ala Hele Makalae.
C. Paulinskill Valley Trail. D. The Cheaha Route.
23. What's the common feature of the four routes
A. They are full of challenges. B. Various route options are offered.
C. They have beautiful scenery. D. Different species can be found there.
B
My first week working in a restaurant, one of the servers said something that stuck with me: Everyone should work in a restaurant for at least a year. At the time, I didn't get it, but I took the advice to heart and worked in restaurants on and off for the next eight years. Before realizing it, I mastered many important skills, one of which is communication skill.
When I was little, I was so shy that I used to hide behind my mom whenever someone spoke to me. And when I first started in restaurants, I had two personalities: Restaurant Lizzy and Home Lizzy. It was easier to pretend to be a different person while at work, since it was so different from who I actually was. But gradually, the skills I learned working in restaurants helped Home Lizzy come out of her shell in the real world.
When you work in a restaurant, you don't have the luxury of hiding behind your parents to avoid talking to people. I'm still 110% an introvert （内向的人），but restaurant work helped me communicate. Working in a restaurant not only helped me speak clearly, deliberately and directly but also taught me how to talk about almost everything. Some guests don't want their servers to interact too much with them, and that's fine. But some sit at the bar simply to chat with you. You learn how to judge your guests' level of interest in communicating with you, and how to exit a conversation at the appropriate time.
My restaurant work is something that I'm most proud of and I know I wouldn't be the person I am today without those eight years of experience. If you're still on the fence about working in a restaurant for that long, start with one year. I doubt that you'll look back.
24. What did the writer think of the server's words
A. Impressive. B. Ridiculous. C. Amusing. D. Logical.
25. What do we infer from Paragraph 2
A. The writer tried different jobs. B. The writer became more sociable.
C. The writer used an invented name. D. The writer had a hard time at work.
26. Which of the following best describes the writer's restaurant work
A. Boring. B. Relaxing. C. Worthwhile. D. Unchallenging.
27. What message does the writer try to convey in this passage
A. A strong-willed soul can reach his goal.
B. Things are difficult before they are easy.
C. Communication skills advance your career.
D. Restaurant work helps to achieve a better self
C
The American poet Louise Gluck, author of 12 collections of poetry, has been awarded the 2020 Nobel Prize in Literature. Bom in New York in 1943, Gluck published her first volume of poetry, “Firstborn”, in 1968, quickly gaining her reputation as a poet. In the decades since, she has become one of the country's most celebrated literary figures. Her work uses the power of myth to deal with some of our darkest human concerns. Her straightforward language always gets at the heart of deep- seated anxieties: loneliness, rejection, death ...
Stephanie Burt, an English professor at Harvard University, said, "She's someone who's been able to make emotion states vivid on the page... Few poets have tried as hard as she has not to repeat herself. And her strongest books are really different from one another". “She offers poetry lovers a lot of inspiration, but she's also on a lot of bookshelves," said Chiasson, a poet, who added she is a generous reader of her fellow writers’ work.
At Yale, where Gluck is a professor of English, she served for years as judge of the Yale Series of Younger Poets Prize and worked closely with poets she chose for the prize and those she did not, helping them shape their work. "In that very practical way she's had an enormous influence on a great many figures," said Langdon Hammer, a professor of English at Yale. "She's someone who has been a 'guiding spirit" for generations of students, writers, and readers."
Gluck described teaching and writing as symbiotic （共生关系）.“I teach not out of selflessness or generosity: I do it because it feeds me," she said. "It feeds them, too, so it's a happy relationship. I'm sure not all my students feel that way, but some do. I never feel that it takes me from my work: I think it gives me my work.”
28. Which of the following topics might Gluck tend to explore in her work
A. Victory. B. Divorce. C. Romance. D. Achievement.
29. What quality does Gluck have according to the passage
A. Humorous and intelligent. B. Ambitious and helpful.
C. Considerate and optimistic. D. Inspiring and creative.
30. What does teaching mean to Gluck
A. A source of wealth. B. A barrier to writing.
C. A fountain of creation. D. A stepping stone to fame.
31. What is the best title for the text
A. A Guiding Spirit B. A Successful Pioneer
C. An Adventurous Creator D. A Hardworking Writer
D
Most animals living in crowded conditions have particularly strong immune systems, so it long puzzled researchers that honeybees do not.
Part of the answer, discovered in 2015, is that queen bees vaccinate （接种疫苗）their eggs by moving parts of proteins from disease-causing pathogens （病原体）to them before they are laid. These act as antigens （抗原）to trigger the development of a protective immune response in the developing young. But that observation raises the question of how the queen receives her antigen supply in the first place Dr Harwood wondered if the nurse bees were taking in parts of pathogens and passing them to royal jelly （蜂王浆）they were producing while eating the food brought to the hive （蜂巢）.
To test this idea, he teamed up with a group at the University of Helsinki, in Finland, led by Dr Heli Salmela. Together, they collected about 150 nurse bees and divided them among six queenless mini hives equipped with baby bees to look after. Instead of honey, they fed the nurses on sugar water, and for three of the hives they added P. larvae, a bacterium causing a hive-killing disease, to the sugar water.
In this case, to stop such an infection happening, Dr Harwood and Dr Salmela heat-treated the pathogens and so killed them in advance. They also labelled the dead bacteria with a fluorescent dye （荧光染料），to track them easily. And, sure enough, it was confirmed that parts of P. larvae were getting into royal jelly released by those bees which had been fed with the sugar water containing that.
All told, these findings suggest that nurse bees are indeed, through their royal jelly, passing antigens onto the queen for vaccinating her eggs. They also mean the nurses are vaccinating baby bees as well, because baby bees, too, receive royal jelly for the first few days after they come out.
32. What does the underlined word “trigger" in Paragraph 2 probably mean
A. Cut out. B. Set off. C. Slow down. D. Put off.
33. Which is the main experimental subject in Paragraph 3
A. Queen bees. B. Nurse bees. C. Bee eggs. D. Baby bees.
34. Why was P. larvae added to the sugar water
A. To test if it would cause a hive-killing disease.
B. To check how the bacterium would affect the hive.
C. To see whether the target bees would favor the taste.
D. To confirm the bees would pass pathogens to royal jelly.
35. What is the text mainly about
A. How bees multiply. B. How antigens function.
C. How bees get vaccinated. D. How immune system works.
福建省南平市2019-2020学年高二下学期期末质量检测英语试题
第一节阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项（A、B、C 和 D）中，选出最佳选项。
A
Why TFT is the best
Local Experiences
Our mission is authentic travel. We partner with local experts to create enriching experiences that teach teens to be savvy (有见识的) travelers. Every program is designed to be hands-on — emphasizing doing and feeling, in addition to just seeing, so teens discover what it means to live like a local in every country we visit.
Small and Diverse
Group sizes of 14-21 students allow us to travel comfortably and to make real connections to each other and the host community. Participants come from a mix of different states, regions, and countries. We also welcome solo travelers — 75% of our teens join us without a friend!
The Most Variety
We offer cultural exploration, community service, language, and photography programs to Europe, Africa, Latin America, Oceania, Asia, and North America. We have more programs in more destinations than any other teen travel company. With over 100 programs and 40+ countries to choose from, you’re sure to find a program that’s the perfect fit.
Check out what past travelers have to say about TFT and discover why we are the best.
“This is simply one of the best things we ever did for Ethan. That first trip opened him to a new world. Different cultures, food, diversity, sights, relationships, team building, confidence, independence … only a few of the positive gains for Ethan. Now, he is off to George Washington University with confidence, excitement, and an awareness for others for which we are so grateful. We are pleased and appreciative beyond words to be a member of the TFT family for a lifetime!”
1. What is TFT most probably be
A. A youth travel organization. B. An advertising company.
C. A cross-culture program. D. A learning center for students.
2. Who’s Ethan in the text
A. A tour guide. B. An employee of TFT.
C. A university teacher. D. A former customer.
3. Where is this text most likely from
A. A website advertisement. B. A newspaper report.
C. A textbook on tourism. D. A geographical book.
B
Having an older brother comes with plenty of benefits. Big brothers tend to look out for their younger siblings, and except for the occasional rocky moment here and there, many siblings enjoy life-long close relationships. However, a new study finds an interesting downside: children with older brothers take longer when it comes to developing language skills.
The study, led by a group of researchers in Paris, France, builds upon a former research which showed that having older siblings is associated with poor linguistic development. Now, researchers say they have come to a more specific conclusion: only children with an older brother have these linguistic difficulties.
One would think that children with older brothers would grow up around more conversation on a daily basis, thus speeding up their language development. Yet researchers say such children actually take longer than their older brothers to begin developing these skills. Researchers studied more than 1,000 children from birth to the age of five-and-a-half years old. Each child’s language skills were tested at ages 2, 3, and 5.5, using tests specially designed to measure numerous aspects of language development. What the research team discovered was significant: children with an older brother had, on average, a two-month delay in their language development compared to studied children with an older sister.
As far as explaining this, researchers have put forward two hypotheses. The first is that older sisters tend to talk more often than older brothers, which would make up for parents being less present than they were for their first child. The second hypothesis is that older sisters usually compete with their siblings less than older brothers for their parents’ attention.
Up till now, the study’s authors say they can’t say for certain why children with older brothers have a harder time developing language skills. In the future they would like to know if culture or location affects these results.
4. What does the underlined phrase“rocky moment”in Paragraph 1 refer to
A. Sadness. B. Quarrel. C. Excitement. D. Peace.
5. Why did the Paris researchers carry out the study
A. To find how kids learn from their siblings.
B. To further research into a former study result.
C. To explore the newest trend of linguistic world.
D. To investigate the situation of kids’language skills.
6. Which of the following did the researchers find in kids with siblings
A. Children with older brothers were less active.
B. Siblings are less helpful to them than other people.
C. Kids with older sisters developed their language better.
D. Older children got more chances to talk to their parents.
C
Before the discovery of DNA profiling (分析) in the 1980s, fingerprints were the easiest way to solve serious crimes. It’s believed that each one of us has our own unique fingerprints. But did you know that our fingerprints could actually reveal a lot more about us than just our identity According to Melanie Bailey of The Conversation, fingerprints can indicate lifestyle and environment, eating habits, possible medical problems and even the job of a person.
So how can we figure all this out from just a simple fingerprint Well, a fingerprint is formed when a finger makes contact with a surface. Most fingerprints are invisible to the naked eye (裸眼) and require a chemical development process in order to make them visible. Stuck between the ridges (隆起的纹路) of a fingerprint, however, are substances(物质) that can tell a story about who we are. Things like traces of sweat, blood, and food reveal a lot of information about us — what we’ve touched, what we’ve eaten and even what drugs we’ve taken.
At the moment, the technique used to detect these substances are mostly used in crime detection, but its application could be much wider, according to Bailey. For example, she and her fellow researchers were able to tell what medicines people were taking from their fingerprints, which may be of great help in the future to doctors treating their patients.
A fingerprint check may also tell a doctor whether a patient is properly absorbing a drug they’ve been prescribed (开药). In the treatment of some of the most serious illnesses, it’s vital that the body is taking in these medicines. As Scientific American noted, this is particularly important for patients undergoing treatment for heart conditions and mental disease, as these people might struggle to absorb the drugs or forget or choose not to take them.
And while it’s commonly believed that our fingerprints never change, in fact, they do — and the way they change can provide a lot of very useful information. In the future, fingerprint science won’t be restricted to the crime lab but could help doctors keep us in the best possible health.
7. What is the function of Paragraph 1
A. To make known a common sense. B. To introduce the theme of the passage.
C To summarize the whole passage. D. To serve as a topic explanation.
8. What could a fingerprint tell according to the research
A. How a fingerprint was formed. B. Who the criminal might be.
C. How a doctor should prescribe. D. What drug the patient had taken.
9. What can be learned from the passage
A. The change of fingerprints is of little value.
B. We can see a fingerprint with our naked eyes.
C. Fingerprints are the easiest way to solve crimes.
D. Things stuck between fingerprints’ridges tell a lot.
10. What’s Melanie Bailey’s attitude towards the application of fingerprints
A. Indifferent. B. Skeptical. C. Positive. D. Negative.
参考答案
福建省南平市2021-2022学年高二下学期期末质量检测英语试题
【答案】1. C 2. C 3. D
【解析】
【导语】本文为一篇应用文。介绍了世界上几个迷人的图书馆。
【1题详解】
细节理解题。根据“Royal Portuguese Cabinet of Reading”部分中的“ Open to the public since 1900, the cabinet has the largest collection of Portuguese literature outside Portugal, holding more than 350,000 books.”（自1900年起向公众开放，这个内阁拥有葡萄牙以外最大的葡萄牙文学收藏，拥有超过35万册书籍。），可知该图书管于1900年开放；根据“Stuttgart City Library”部分中的“built in 2011”，可知该图书馆建立于2011年；根据“Wormhole Library”部分中的“Open to the public in 2021”，可知该图书馆开放于2021年；根据“National Library of Indonesia”部分中的“established in 1980”可知该图书馆建立于1980年。四个图书馆相比而言，Royal Portuguese Cabinet of Reading图书馆是开放最早的。故选C。
【2题详解】
细节理解题。根据题干中的“Stuttgart City Library”可将答案定位至第三段，根据该段中“The Stuttgart City Library, built in 2011, focuses in particular on the Stuttgart region literary scene and has a permanent exhibition for authors from Stuttgart and the surrounding region.”（斯图加特城市图书馆建于2011年，特别关注斯图加特地区的文学场景，并为来自斯图加特及其周边地区的作家提供永久性展览。）可知，读者们可以在此发现展出的斯图加特作家的作品。故选C。
【3题详解】
细节理解题。根据题干中的“National Library of Indonesia”可将答案定位至最后一段，根据该段中“Works written on leaves and Indonesian native paper are some of the rare items kept in the collection. ”（用树叶和印尼纸写的作品是收藏的稀有物品。）可知，该图书馆因为拥有在树叶和印尼纸上书写的作品而独一无二，故选D。
【答案】4. B 5. C 6. C 7. C
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。本文叙述了钟承湛虽然失去了双腿，但是对极限运动的热爱依旧不减。他凭借坚强的意志力和自己的努力学会了在轮椅上滑雪，并取得不俗的成绩。他致力于研发轮椅；他还计划组织残疾人滑雪队，鼓励更多残疾人参与到运动当中来。
【4题详解】
细节理解题。根据第一段整段“Of the many events held as part of the X Games—an annual world extreme sports event, Zhong Chengzhan likes skiing most, despite having lost the use of both legs in a skiing accident some nine years ago.(在一年一度的世界极限运动赛事X Games的众多比赛项目中，钟承湛最喜欢滑雪，尽管他在大约九年前的一次滑雪事故中失去了双腿)”可知，滑雪是钟承湛最喜欢、最痴迷的项目。故选B项。
【5题详解】
细节理解题。根据倒数第二段的“With his skill as a wheelchair skier improving, Zhong set up another company in 2014 to focus on the design, research and production of wheelchairs, helping to fill a gap in the domestic production of high-end wheelchairs.(随着他的轮椅滑雪技术的提高，钟在2014年成立了另一家公司，专注于轮椅的设计、研究和生产，填补了国内高端轮椅生产的空白)”可知，他致力于研发轮椅和提升轮椅的品质。故选C项。
【6题详解】
推理判断题。根据第四段的“He visited a number of resorts in Australia, New Zealand and Germany for training over the following two years, which helped him master the skills he’d need to ski in a wheelchair. His persistence paid off. Zhong took fifth place in the National Disabled Alpine Skiing and Snowboarding Champions in January 2018.(在接下来的两年里，他去了澳大利亚、新西兰和德国的一些度假胜地进行培训，这帮助他掌握了在轮椅上滑雪所需的技能。他的坚持得到了回报。2018年1月，钟在全国残疾人高山滑雪和单板滑雪冠军赛中获得第五名)”可知，他虽然失去了双腿，但是他依然凭借他的坚持和努力掌握了在轮椅上滑雪，并在全国残疾人高山滑雪比赛等中获得不错的名次，可见他是一个很有决心且令人深受鼓舞的人。故选C项。
【7题详解】
主旨大意题。根据第一段整段“Of the many events held as part of the X Games—an annual world extreme sports event, Zhong Chengzhan likes skiing most, despite having lost the use of both legs in a skiing accident some nine years ago. (在一年一度的世界极限运动赛事X Games的众多比赛项目中，钟承湛最喜欢滑雪，尽管他在大约九年前的一次滑雪事故中失去了双腿)”以及第二段的“Before the accident in 2013,which left him with paraplegia(截肢) of the upper limbs, Zhong was a committed X Games fan and was already involved in activities such as snowboarding, bicycle climbing, paragliding and nautical sports.(在2013年那场导致他上半肢截瘫的事故之前，钟是一个坚定的极限运动爱好者，已经参与了如单板滑雪，自行车攀登，滑翔伞和航海运动等极限运动)”可知，钟承湛是个特别爱极限运动的人，即使他没了双腿，但这阻止不了他对极限运动的爱。因此，文章讲述了一个极限运动的酷爱者。故选C项。
【答案】8. B 9. D 10. D 11. B
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇议论文。本文阐述的是作者认为家庭作业和学校表现二者之间没有必然的联系，不同的学生对待家庭作业的态度是不同的，有人喜欢做家庭作业，有一些人不喜欢做家庭作业，主要是因为孩子不同。做家庭作业并不能一定带来好的学校表现。
【8题详解】
细节理解题。根据第二段中“more than one teacher has started to follow the less-homework policy that lays emphasis on family time, outdoor play, and early bedtimes as well as on the moderate amount of homework for primary school students. And some schools have adopted less-homework programs, encouraging students to enjoy their evening free time and in some cases lengthening the school day to provide more classroom instruction.”（已经有不止一位老师开始遵循“少作业”政策，强调家庭时间、户外活动、早睡以及小学生的适量作业。一些学校已经采取了减少家庭作业的计划，鼓励学生享受晚上的自由时间，在某些情况下延长上课时间，以提供更多的课堂教学。）可知，“少作业”政策强调家庭时间、户外活动、早睡以及小学生的适量作业。即平衡学习和生活。故选B。
【9题详解】
细节理解题。根据第三段中“ It’s simple: a daily maximum of 10 minutes of homework per grade level. First graders do 10 minutes of homework each night; second graders do 20 minutes; third graders do 30 minutes, and so on.”（这很简单：每个年级每天最多10分钟的家庭作业。一年级学生每晚要做10分钟的家庭作业；二年级学生做20分钟；三年级学生做30分钟，以此类推。）可知，五年级的学生需要做50分钟的家庭作业。故选D。
【10题详解】
细节理解题。根据倒数第二段中“ His 2006 meta-analysis, published in the Review of Educational Research, found evidence that students who did homework performed better in school. The connection between homework and performance was much stronger for students in seventh through 12th grade than for those in earlier grades.”（他2006年发表在《教育研究评论》的成果表明，做家庭作业的学生在学校表现更好。七年级到十二年级的学生的家庭作业与表现之间的联系要比上一年级的学生强得多）可知，家庭作业在一定程度上影响学生的学习成绩。故选D。
【11题详解】
推理判断题。根据最后一段“Does homework lead to achievement Yes. However, do high achievers simply do more homework Obviously, the answer to that is NO. Undoubtedly, some kids are less likely to complain about doing homework than others. Others actually want to do homework. The point being, they’re all different.”（家庭作业能带来成就吗？是的。然而，高成就者仅仅是做了更多的家庭作业吗？显然，答案是否定的。毫无疑问，有些孩子不太可能抱怨做作业。其他人实际上是想做作业。重点是，他们都是不同的。）可知，作者认为家庭作业和学校表现之间只是相关关系，不是因果关系，不同孩子对待作业的态度是不同的，因此做家庭作业可能的也可能是不好的，这取决于不同的孩子。由此推知，作者对家庭作业保持的是客观的的态度。故选B。
【答案】12. B 13. A 14. A 15. D
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了活动家们积极提倡减少“食品里程”，即少买进口食品而更多购买当地食品来减少碳排放，而实际上本地食品所产生的碳足迹比进口食品还要多。作者在文章里举了一些例子证明了造成碳足迹的因素并非只有“食品里程”。
【12题详解】
词句猜测题。根据第一段第一句“Recently, campaigners have encouraged us to buy local food, trying to persuade people to reduce “food miles”, that is, the distance food travels from the producer to the retailer.(最近，活动家们鼓励我们购买当地食品，试图说服人们减少“食品里程”，即食品从生产商到retailer的距离)”及常识可知，我们是在零售商那里购买食品的。由此推知，划线词retailer意为“销售者、卖方”。故选B项。
【13题详解】
推理判断题。根据第二段整段“According to a 2008 study, only 11% of carbon emissions in the food production process resulted from transportation, and only 4% originated from the final delivery of the product from the producer to the retailer. Other processes, including fertilization, storage, heating and irrigation, contributed much more.(根据2008年的一项研究，食品生产过程中只有11%的碳排放来自运输，只有4%来自产品从生产商到零售商的最终交付。其他过程，包括施肥、储存、加热和灌溉，贡献更大)”可知，根据2008的研究，真正造成碳排放多并非来自运输，而是其它的过程。由此可知，引用2008年研究是为支持作者的观点。故选A项。
【14题详解】
细节理解题。根据第三段的“Take apples, for example. In autumn, when apples are harvested, the best option for a British resident is to buy British apples. (以苹果为例。秋天，当苹果收获的时候，英国居民的最佳选择是购买英国苹果)”可知，秋天是苹果收货的季节，那时买苹果是最合适不过了。故选A项。
【15题详解】
推理判断题。根据第一段第一句“Recently, campaigners have encouraged us to buy local food, trying to persuade people to reduce “food miles”, that is, the distance food travels from the producer to the retailer.(最近，活动家们鼓励我们购买当地食品，试图说服人们减少“食品里程”，即食品从生产商到零售商的距离)”，第二段的第一句“However, the real story is not as simple as that.(然而，真实的故事并不那么简单)”，第三段的第一句“In fact, imported food often has a lower carbon footprint than locally grown food.(事实上，进口食品的碳足迹通常比本地种植的食品低)”以及最后一段的“But ultimately, the message this gives is too simple. Lots of different factors contribute to a food’s carbon footprint besides the distance it has travelled.(但归根结底，这传达的信息太简单了。除了食物经过的距离之外，还有许多不同的因素导致了食物的碳足迹)”可知，这篇文章的目的是阐述一个关于食物碳足迹的观点。故选D项。
福建省南平市2020-2021学年高二下学期期末质量检测英语试题
21. A
22. D
23. C
24. A
25. B
26. C
27. D
28. B
29. D
30. C
31. A
32. B
33. B
34. D
35. C
福建省南平市2019-2020学年高二下学期期末质量检测英语试题
【答案】1. A 2. D 3. A
【解析】
【分析】这是一篇应用文。文章主要向大家介绍了为什么TFT是青年旅行者最好选择的原因。
【1题详解】
细节理解题。根据文章第一段“Our mission is authentic travel. We partner with local experts to create enriching experiences that teach teens to be savvy (有见识的) travelers.”可知，TFT的主要使命是真正的旅行，他们与当地专家合作，创建多样性丰富的体验，去教会青少年成为有见识的旅行者，因此TFT可能是一个针对年轻人的旅游组织。故选A项。
【2题详解】
细节理解题。根据文章最后一段“Check out what past travelers have to say about TFT”和“only a few of the positive gains for Ethan”，可知Ethan针对参加活动过程中获得的一些积极感受跟大家分享，所以他是一位曾经参加过TFT的旅行者。故选D项。
【3题详解】
推理判断题。根据文章小标题“Local Experiences”、“Small and Diverse”、“The Most Variety”和“Check out what past travelers have to say about TFT and discover why we are the best.”可知，文章主要通过介绍TFT特点和参加过旅行者的感受，向大家推介TFT是最好的选择的原因，因此这是一篇广告。故选A项。
【答案】4. B 5. B 6. C
【解析】
【分析】这是一篇说明文。一项新的研究发现了一个关于有兄弟姐妹的有趣缺点：有哥哥的孩子在发展语言技能方面需要更长的时间。文章说明了研究过程，并结合研究给出了相应的解释。
【4题详解】
词义猜测题。结合上文Big brothers tend to look out for their younger siblings (兄弟，姐妹), and except for the occasional以及后文many siblings enjoy life-long close relationships.可知大哥哥往往会照顾他们的弟弟妹妹，除了偶尔争吵的时刻，许多兄弟姐妹享受一生的亲密关系。由此可知，划线短语指的是“争吵”。A. Sadness.悲伤；B. Quarrel.争吵；C. Excitement.激动；D. Peace.和平。故选B。
【5题详解】
推理判断题。根据第二段The study, led by a group of researchers in Paris, France, builds upon a former research which showed that having older siblings is associated with poor linguistic development. Now, researchers say they have come to a more specific conclusion: only children with an older brother have these linguistic difficulties.可知这项研究由法国巴黎的一组研究人员领导，其基础是之前的一项研究，该研究表明，有哥哥姐姐与语言发育不良有关。现在，研究人员说，他们得出了一个更具体的结论：只有有哥哥的孩子才会有这种语言障碍。由此可推知，巴黎的研究人员要进行这项研究，是为了进一步研究以前的研究结果。故选B。
【6题详解】
细节理解题。根据第三段中What the research team discovered was significant: children with an older brother had, on average, a two-month delay in their language development compared to studied children with an older sister.可知研究小组的发现意义重大：与有姐姐的孩子相比，有哥哥的孩子的语言发展平均要慢两个月。由此可知，研究人员在有兄弟姐妹的孩子身上发现，有姐姐的孩子语言发展得更好。故选C。
【答案】7. B 8. D 9. D 10. C
【解析】
【分析】这是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了指纹的作用。
【7题详解】
推理判断题。根据文章第一段“According to Melanie Bailey of The Conversation, fingerprints can indicate lifestyle and environment, eating habits, possible medical problems and even the job of a person.”可知，第一段向大家介绍指纹可以体现出一个人的生活方式、所处环境、饮食习惯、潜在的健康问题甚至职业。因此第一段的主要作用是向大家介绍这篇文章的主题“指纹”。故选B项。
【8题详解】
细节理解题。根据文章第三段“For example, she and her fellow researchers were able to tell what medicines people were taking from their fingerprints, which may be of great help in the future to doctors treating their patients.”可知，Bailey和她的研究人员们能够通过指纹判断人们服用的药物，这在将来医生治疗病人会起重要作用。因此，从她的实验中我们得出通过指纹可以判断人们服用的药物。故选D项。
【9题详解】
细节理解题。根据文章第二段“Stuck between the ridges (隆起的纹路) of a fingerprint, however, are substances(物质) that can tell a story about who we are.”可知，在指纹隆起的纹路之间隐藏着包含我们信息的物质。故选D项。
【10题详解】
推理判断题。根据文章第三段“At the moment, the technique used to detect these substances are mostly used in crime detection, but its application could be much wider, according to Bailey.”可知，Bailey认为“现今，检测这些物质的技术大多用于刑侦，但其应用可以更为广泛。”因此判断出Bailey对于指纹的广泛应用持积极态度。故选C项。