福建省部分市2021-2022学年高二下学期期末考试英语试题汇编：阅读理解（含答案）

福建省部分市
2021-2022学年高二下学期期末考试英语试题分类汇编
阅读理解
福建省龙岩市2021-2022学年高二下学期期末教学质量检查英语试题（解析版）
第一节（共15小题；每小题2.5分，满分37.5分）
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。
A
The Fred Hollows Foundation has a very clear goal: we’re putting an end to avoidable blindness. When this day comes, people in developing countries will get the same quality eye care the rest of the world takes for granted-and we won't stop until this is done.
The Fred Hollows Foundation now works in more than 25 countries and has restored sight to over two and a half million people worldwide. This couldn’t have been achieved without the great support of the Australian public. We’re as determined now as ever to end avoidable blindness. 4 out of 5 people who are blind don't need to be-there remains so much to do.
Fred Hollows is a legendary Australian whose work continues to change the world today. Fred never took no for an answer, and he never let anyone tell him something couldn’t be done-especially when it came to restoring sight. The work he started all those years ago showed us that one person really can make a difference. And so can you, by becoming a monthly donor.
Join Fred’s Team
By giving a small donation every month, you will be joining Fred’s team.
Monthly giving is the most effective way to donate-we count on your monthly donations to be able to plan ahead and provide support to people living with avoidable blindness in over 25 countries around the world.
Become a monthly donor and keep Fred's vision alive.
·$25 (Your monthly gift will help restore sight to one person)
·$50 (Your monthly gift will help restore sight to two persons)
·$100 (Your monthly gift will help restore sight to four persons)
·$200 (Your monthly gift will help build an eye clinic)
Help us by donating an amount of your choice.
1. What’s the aim of the Fred Hollows Foundation
A. To avoid blindness. B. To bring health to the blind.
C. To help the needlessly blind recover sight. D. To cure people’s eyes in developed countries.
2. Which of the following can best describe Fred Hollows
A. Patient. B. Considerate. C. Popular. D. Determined.
3. How much should you donate monthly to help 3 persons
A. $50. B. $75. C. $100. D. $200.
B
I live in San Luis Obispo, California, about three miles from the beach. Every few years, the humpback whales come into the bay for a few days while they’re migrating.
Last November was one of those times. So I invited my friend Liz Cottriel to go out to watch whales. Shortly after we set out in the morning, we had our first whale sighting: two humpbacks swimming towards us. How amazing to be that close to a creature that size! We followed them at a distance of more like 60 feet away-what I thought was a distance. I later found out that it’s recommended to keep 300 feet away.
Suddenly, we were being attacked. A tight package of fish, known as whales’ food, started jumping out of the water into our kayak. Their actions meant they were escaping the whales, which meant that we needed to get out of there too. But before we could paddle to safety, our kayak was lifted out of the water about six feet, held up by massive jaws. We slipped out of the kayak into the whale’s mouth. My body was swallowed. Liz, meanwhile, was looking up directly at the whale’s upper jaw, which she later described as a big white wall.
As the whale’s mouth closed, Liz forced her arm up to block it from crushing her. I felt the creature begin to dive and had no idea how deep we’d be dragged. Still, I didn’t panic. I just kept thinking, I’ve got to fight this. I’ve got to breathe. Whales have enormous mouths but tiny throats. Anything they can’t swallow they spit right out. That included us. As soon as the whale dipped underwater, it ejected us, and we popped back up onto the surface about a foot apart. The entire near-death experience lasted only about 10 seconds.
We were shaken up by the experience. Liz said her whale-watching days were over. But I had to laugh when I realized I’d brought back a souvenir. When I pulled off my shirt, six silverfish dropped out.
4. What happened unexpectedly during the whale sighting
A. The whales jumped out of water. B. The fish ran away from the whales.
C. The fish drew whales to the kayak. D. The kayak kept too close to the whales.
5. What does the underlined word “ejected” mean in Paragraph 4
A. Captured. B. Abandoned. C. Crushed. D. Dragged.
6. What helped the author survive
A. Her wisdom and bravery. B. Her care and coincidence.
C. Her determination and confidence. D. Her calmness and good luck.
7. What’s the tone of the author in the last paragraph
A. Excited. B. Humorous. C. Contradictory. D. Relieved.
C
As Americans slowly return to the office, they are rethinking their clothing choices at work. After two years of working from home in exercise clothes, many people now want to be comfortable while looking professional in the office. And companies are trying to keep up with the demand for "business comfort" clothing.
Kay Martin-Pence, who works for a drug company, used to wear structured business clothes, like dress pants and blazers（统一服装）, and high-heel shoes to work before the pandemic, but now wears comfortable clothes, including stylish jeans and flowing shirts, along with lower-heel shoes.
Adam Galinsky, a social psychologist at Columbia Business School, who studies the connection between what people wear and how they think, said that people will knowingly think about what they will wear to the office. They may compare themselves to others and think about the situation they are in.
Clothing companies also witnessed the changing demand. From January to March of 2022, money from sales of sports pants for office wears increased three times. There is a high demand for comfortable shirts and pull-on pants. The most common kind of shoe for the workplace is sneakers. And sales of dress shoes are 34 percent lower than in 2019.
As more workers want to feel comfortable in their work clothes, some are excited to trick themselves up again. One such worker is 42-year-old Emily Kirchner of Stevensville, Michigan. She said she is spending money on new clothes including blue jeans, shirts, and even blazers. As a mother of a young child, she wants to feel her best when she leaves the house. "It's kind of fun to trick up," Kirchner said. "It's kind of like that back-to-school feeling."
8. What leads to the changes in clothing choice at work
A. Demand of business. B. Influence of pandemic.
C. Following the trend. D. Dressing in comfort long.
9. What does Galinsky mean when referring to office wear
A. People judge by feelings. B. People like to be unique.
C. People consult others in wear. D. People care about their wear.
10. What do we know about Emily Kirchner from the last paragraph
A. She differs from others. B. She prefers professional clothes.
C. She is fond of dressing up. D. She overspends on new clothes.
11. What is the suitable title for the text
A. Comfortable Changes to Office Wear B. Urgent Demand for Comfortable Clothing
C. Increased Sales in Sports Jeans Globally D. Connection between Wear and Concept
D
This year, people around the world are lining up to buy electric vehicles even as prices increase. Electric vehicle, EV, demand has stayed strong even as the average cost of lithiumion (锂离子) battery cells increased to an estimated $160 per kilowatt-hour in the first quarter from $105 last year. Costs rose due to supply issues, restrictions on Russian metals and investor speculation (投机).
For a smaller vehicle like the Hongguang Mini, the best-selling EV in China, the higher battery costs added almost $1,500, equal to 30 percent of the listed price. But gasoline and diesel fuel costs have also increased since the conflict between Russia and Ukraine, and experts noted that environmental concerns are also pushing more buyers to choose EVs.
Manufacturers from Tesla to SAIC-GM-Wuling, which makes the Hongguang Mini, have passed higher costs on to consumers with price increases for EVs. More may be coming. Andy Palmer, chairman of Slovak EV battery maker InoBat, said, “rising costs will have to be passed onto carmakers.” But EV shoppers have so far not slowed down. Worldwide EV sales in the first quarter jumped nearly 120 percent, said the website EV-.
Venkat Srinivasan is director of the Center for Collaborative Energy Storage Science at the U.S. government’s Argonne National Laboratory in Chicago. He said, “more and more people would buy EVs despite the cost of the battery and the vehicle.”
This increase in battery costs could be an unusual short-term change in a situation in which improving technology and growing production have pushed costs down for almost 30 years. Industry data showed that the $105 per kilowatt hour average cost in 2021 was down nearly 99 percent from over $7,500 in 1991.
Experts say battery costs could stay high for the next year or so, but then another large drop is likely as big investments by automakers and suppliers change the balance from shortage to surplus. “It’s like a bubble (泡沫) and for that bubble to settle down, it’s going to be at least the end of 2023,” said Prabhakar Patil, a former LG Chem executive.
The industry has long been awaiting the battery cell cost of $100 per kilowatt-hour, as a signal EVs were reaching a similar cost to fossil-fuel vehicles. But with gasoline prices high and consumer preferences changing, such cost considerations may no longer matter as much, experts say.
12. Why does the author mention Hongguang Mini
A. To present a fact. B. To give an example. C. To introduce a topic. D. To make an assumption.
13. What will possibly lead to the drop in battery costs in the future
A. More EV shops. B. Production growth. C. Sufficient supplies. D. Technology improvement.
14. What does the author think of the prospect of EVs
A. Promising. B. Unclear. C. Doubtful. D. Confusing.
15. What can be inferred from the text
A. At present demands for EVs beat supply. B. People concern price more when buying cars.
C. EVs sell much better than fossil-fuel vehicles. D. People prefer EV mainly because of conflict.
福建省南平市2021-2022学年高二下学期期末质量检测英语试题（解析版）
第一节（共15小题；每小题2.5分，满分37.5分）
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。
A
World Book Day, first celebrated on April 23 in 1995, is an annual event organized by the UNESCO to promote reading, publishing and copyright. Let’s take a look at the world’s fascinating libraries and enjoy the fun of reading.
Royal Portuguese Cabinet of Reading
Located in the center of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, the Royal Portuguese Cabinet of Reading is a library and cultural institution. Open to the public since 1900, the cabinet has the largest collection of Portuguese literature outside Portugal, holding more than 350,000 books.
Stuttgart City Library
The Stuttgart City Library, built in 2011, focuses in particular on the Stuttgart region literary scene and has a permanent exhibition for authors from Stuttgart and the surrounding region. In addition, there is a central children’s library and a music library.
Wormhole Library
Open to the public in 2021 and located in Haikou, South China’s Hainan Province, the Wormhole Library provides the public with an ideal spot for reading and resting. It has a reading space and leisure areas such as cafés, baby care rooms and a rooftop garden.
National Library of Indonesia
The National Library of Indonesia, established in 1980, has the most complete collection of publications in the country, recording the history and culture of Indonesia in various times. Works written on leaves and Indonesian native paper are some of the rare items kept in the collection.
1. Which library is the oldest
A. National Library of Indonesia. B. Wormhole Library.
C. Royal Portuguese Cabinet of Reading. D. Stuttgart City Library.
2. What can readers do in Stuttgart City Library
A. Enjoy leisure by watching musicals.
B. Attend exhibitions at a particular time.
C. Find works of Stuttgart writers on display.
D. Get information about Stuttgart musicians.
3 What is unique about the National Library of Indonesia
A. Its baby care room for readers.
B. Its complete publications of the country.
C. Its precious volumes of the local culture.
D. Its collected works written on leaves and native paper.
B
Of the many events held as part of the X Games—an annual world extreme sports event, Zhong Chengzhan likes skiing most, despite having lost the use of both legs in a skiing accident some nine years ago.
Before the accident in 2013, which left him with paraplegia (截肢) of the upper limbs, Zhong was a committed X Games fan and was already involved in activities such as snowboarding, bicycle climbing, paragliding and nautical sports. He’s also the owner of Kailas, a climbing wear and equipment company founded in 2003 that is a household name to outdoor enthusiasts worldwide.
Zhong’s passion for the X Games grew out of his love for snow and ice, which he first developed on a cycling trip from Sichuan Province to the Tibet Autonomous Region when he was 21. After his accident, Zhong continued to ski and discovered that there were still many sports that people with disabilities could do.
In 2015, he traveled to Austria to learn how to ski in a wheelchair. He visited a number of resorts in Australia, New Zealand and Germany for training over the following two years, which helped him master the skills he’d need to ski in a wheelchair. His persistence paid off. Zhong took fifth place in the National Disabled Alpine Skiing and Snowboarding Champions in January 2018.
The 44-year-old plans to organize a grassroots ski team of disabled people and hopes to encourage more people to join. With his skill as a wheelchair skier improving, Zhong set up another company in 2014 to focus on the design, research and production of wheelchairs, helping to fill a gap in the domestic production of high-end wheelchairs.
With the conclusion of the 2022 Beijing Winter Paralympic Games, Zhong feels the improvement of sports facilities and equipment will encourage more people with disabilities to participate in parasports.
4. Which of the following is Zhong crazy about
A. Cycling trips. B. Extreme sports.
C. Wheelchair design. D. Company management.
5. What can we learn from the last two paragraphs
A. Zhong decided to fund the disabled.
B. Zhong organized a team of his own.
C. Zhong worked on improving the wheelchair.
D. Zhong got more people to join in his company.
6. Which of the following best describes Zhong
A. Generous and brave. B. Ambitious and honest.
C. Determined and inspiring. D. Modest and committed.
7. Which is a suitable title for the text
A. Skiing in a Wheelchair B. A Turning Skiing Accident
C. A Committed X Games Fan D. Sports for Disabled People
C
Homework: one word that makes the hearts of many a parent sink and is guaranteed, at any given time, to be causing arguments in homes around the world.
The homework debate has continued for decades. Recent years have seen a swell of support for reducing homework stress; more than one teacher has started to follow the less-homework policy that lays emphasis on family time, outdoor play, and early bedtimes as well as on the moderate amount of homework for primary school students. And some schools have adopted less-homework programs, encouraging students to enjoy their evening free time and in some cases lengthening the school day to provide more classroom instruction.
There is an unofficial homework standard—the “10-minute rule” that was first proposed by Duke University psychology professor Harris Cooper and is supported by the National Parent Teacher Association and the National Education Association. It’s simple: a daily maximum of 10 minutes of homework per grade level. First graders do 10 minutes of homework each night; second graders do 20 minutes; third graders do 30 minutes, and so on.
Cooper is responsible for the most comprehensive research on homework to date. His 2006 meta-analysis, published in the Review of Educational Research, found evidence that students who did homework performed better in school. The connection between homework and performance was much stronger for students in seventh through 12th grade than for those in earlier grades.
But Cooper’s analysis shows relevance, not cause-effect relationship. It begs the questions: Does homework lead to achievement Yes. However, do high achievers simply do more homework Obviously, the answer to that is NO. Undoubtedly, some kids are less likely to complain about doing homework than others. Others actually want to do homework. The point being, they’re all different.
8. What does the “less-homework” policy stress
A. Guidance in class. B. Life-study balance.
C Little leisure time. D. Shortened school day.
9. How much time should fifth graders spend on homework per night
A. 20 minutes. B. 30 minutes. C. 40 minutes. D. 50 minutes.
10. What does Cooper’s research show
A. A high achiever doesn’t need to do homework.
B. More homework accounts for better performances.
C. Students in lower grades seldom do their homework.
D. Homework affects school performance to some extent.
11. What is the author’s attitude towards doing homework
A. Favorable. B. Objective. C. Doubtful. D. Disapproving.
D
Recently, campaigners have encouraged us to buy local food, trying to persuade people to reduce “food miles”, that is, the distance food travels from the producer to the retailer. They reason that the higher the food miles, the more carbon emissions. Buying local food, therefore, has a lower carbon footprint and is more environmentally friendly.
However, the real story is not as simple as that. If our aim is to reduce carbon emissions, we must look at the whole farming process, not just transportation. According to a 2008 study, only 11% of carbon emissions in the food production process resulted from transportation, and only 4% originated from the final delivery of the product from the producer to the retailer. Other processes, including fertilization, storage, heating and irrigation, contributed much more.
In fact, imported food often has a lower carbon footprint than locally grown food. Take apples, for example. In autumn, when apples are harvested, the best option for a British resident is to buy British apples. However, the apples we buy in winter or spring have been kept refrigerated for months, and this uses up a lot of energy. In spring, therefore, it is more energy-efficient to import them from New Zealand, where they are in season. Heating also uses a lot of energy, which is why growing tomatoes in heated greenhouses in the UK is less environmentally friendly than importing them from Spain, where the crop grows well in the local climate.
Recently, some supermarkets have been trying to raise awareness of food miles by labelling foods with stickers that show they have been imported by air. But ultimately, the message this gives is too simple. Lots of different factors contribute to a food’s carbon footprint besides the distance it has travelled. And even if we only buy local food which is currently in season, there are ethical-related things. What’s more, our diets would be more limited.
12. What does the underlined word “retailer” mean in paragraph1
A. Investor. B. Seller. C. Developer. D. Employer.
13. Why is the 2008 study mentioned in paragraph 2
A. To support the argument. B. To explain a rule.
C. To introduce the topic. D. To present a fact.
14. What food does the author probably suggest buying in Britain
A. Local apples in autumn time.
B Local fruits from the greenhouses.
C. Oranges from supermarkets in spring.
D. Imported tomatoes from New Zealand.
15. What is the purpose of the text
A. To advocate buying local food.
B. To raise the awareness of food safety.
C. To stress carbon emissions in transportation.
D. To state an idea about food’s carbon footprint.
福建省宁德市2021-2022学年高二下学期期末质量检测英语试题（解析版）
第一节（共15小题；每小题2.5分，满分37.5分）
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
A
Tea, High Tea, and Afternoon Tea
Tea is a very important part of many people’s lives and it is important for those who drink tea or participate in tea meals to understand some terms related to tea.
Tea the drink
There are two forms of tea that often cause confusion in the tea world: tea the drink and tea the meal. Tea the drink is made from the Camellia Sinensis plant and from the processing of the plant white, green, oolong, and black teas are produced.
Tea the meal
Tea the meal on the other hand involves tea the drink as an important part but really is directed toward social and family gatherings where tea and food are often consumed together.
Afternoon tea
Afternoon tea(or Low tea) is a light meal typically eaten at 4:00 pm. It originated in Britain, though various places in the former British Empire also have such a meal. However, most Britons no longer eat such a meal.
High tea
High tea is an early evening meal, typically eaten between 5:00 and 6:00 pm. It would be eaten as a substitute (替代品) for both afternoon tea and the evening meal. The term comes from the meal being eaten at the “high” (main) table, instead of the smaller low table. It is now largely replaced by the later meal tea.
Tea
Tea is the main evening meal, even if the diners are not drinking tea. It is traditionally eaten at 5 o’clock in the evening, though often it is later, as late as 9:00 pm.
1. What is the text mainly about
A. Varieties of tea. B. The meaning of tea.
C. The popularity of tea. D. Different terms about tea.
2. How does high tea get its name
A. The tea that is used. B. The time when it’s served.
C. The table where it’s served. D. The country where it originated.
3. How many tea meals are introduced in the text
A. 2. B. 3. C. 4. D. 5.
B
Fuchsia Dunlop is a gourmet (美食家) that’s better at Chinese dishes than European ones, and cooking has become a way for her to kill time in the “endless lockdown”. She cooks in a very relaxed way, going to the farmers’ market at the weekend to buy seasonal products for everyday cooking-a mix of Jiangnan, Hunan, Guangdong and Sichuan dishes.
Being raised in a household in Oxford always filled with flavors from Japan, Turkey, Spain, India and Austria, Dunlop dreamed of becoming a gourmet when she was little. However, her dream did not start to come true until she came to Chengdu, the capital of Sichuan Province, as a university student in 1994. That was when she began learning local cooking skills at the Sichuan Higher Institute of Cuisine, while looking for delicious food in the city and nearby areas. Always keeping a notebook on hand wherever she went, she wrote down the recipes of the dishes she tasted, which resulted in the publication of her first book, Sichuan Cookery, in 2001. And since then, she has published four books about Sichuan cuisine.
In 2016, Land of Fish and Rice, about recipes from Jiangnan, was published. In the book, Dunlop describes Jiangnan, the region south of the Yangtze River, as an area “blessed with a warm climate, fertile land, and lakes, rivers and coastal waters with plenty of fish and seafood”, and she regards the region as the heartland of the nation’s gastronomy (美食). Now, a Chinese version of the book is available.
“Food is a representation of culture anywhere in general, but in China it has a particular importance,” Dunlop says. “China is a place where food has been culturally important since the beginning, so food is a way of understanding and appreciating China and its culture in general.”
4. What inspired Dunlop to become a gourmet
A. Her cooking talent. B. Her growth environment.
C. The time during the lockdown. D. Her education in China.
5. What is Dunlop’s first book based on
A. Her school life at university. B. Her study on Chinese culture.
C. Her knowledge of Sichuan dishes. D. Her experience in a local market.
6. Why does Dunlop consider Jiangnan as the heartland of China’s gastronomy
A Resources are rich. B. It is her dream place.
C. The culture is typical. D. The cooking style is unique.
7. What can be the best title
A. Importance of food B. A writer of good taste
C. Best cuisine in Sichuan D. A writer living in China
C
Paul O’Sullivan was in his Baltimore apartment one evening in 2014. Feeling bored, he logged on to Facebook to find out just how many others shared his name. Moments later, dozens of Paul O’Sullivans popped out. Out of curiosity, he sent friend requests to them.
Many of his fellow Paul O’Sullivans ignored his request, but a few accepted his invitation. To his amazement, he noticed four of them were musicians. Wouldn’t it be funny, he asked the other musical Pauls, if they formed a band called The Paul O’Sullivans So they did.
Starting a band across many time zones proved to be tricky. To fix the problem, they created a sort of musical assembly line. Baltimore Paul and Rotterdam Paul wrote and recorded a basic track, then e-mailed it to Manchester Paul, who recorded a bass track. Later, Pennsylvania Paul added the drumbeat. Round and round the track went, with each member adding on his own layer.
In March 2016, the band released its first original song “Namesake” to honor their friendship. But just months later, Baltimore Paul began experiencing health issues. To support him, the other Pauls shared family pictures and chatted live on Instagram.
It was about four years before Baltimore Paul was well enough to start making music again. And when COVID-19 slowly shut down the world just weeks later, the Pauls didn’t miss a beat. After all, the band had already been skilled at remote work. But now their international connection took on a new meaning. “Writing a song with someone across the ocean makes you feel less trapped,” says Baltimore Paul. They used their time during the pandemic to record their first EP.
Half of the money made from the EP will be donated. “Life is tough sometimes,” says Pennsylvania Paul. “So just try to generate joy.”
8. How did Baltimore Paul reach out to other Pauls
A. By writing e-mails. B. By accepting invitations.
C. By sharing his name. D. By sending requests.
9. What does paragraph 3 mainly talk about
A. The creation of the band. B. How the band worked initially.
C. How the band grew popular. D. The challenges the band faced.
10. What does the underlined sentence in paragraph 5 mean
A. The band continued to make music despite the lockdown.
B. The band were too familiar with their music to make mistakes.
C. The band took advantage of the chance to support each other.
D The band wanted to defeat COVID-19 with their music.
11. Which of the following best describes the band
A. Creative and caring. B. Hard-working and strict.
C. Open-minded and funny. D. Tough and traditional.
D
For millions of Chinese, the last night of 2021 was unforgettable. Legendary singer Deng Lijun (1953-95), also known as Teresa Teng, made a surprise comeback in an unexpected way fora New Year’s Eve concert presented by Jiangsu TV. Though it was not the first time that Teng had appeared on stage as a digital human, millions of online viewers were said to have been shocked by the jaw-dropping realism of her image.
Behind the surprise was the country’s rapid development of technology to produce digital humans. Digital humans can now engage in a whole range of human body language, backed by artificial intelligence that can interpret input and produce not just straightforward responses but appropriate nonverbal actions as well.
Digital humans also have been widely used in many industries in China, including education, media, technology, internet and traditional manufacturing.
In June, 2021, Hua Zhibing- China’s first AI-powered virtual student who was created by using the country’s largest pre-trained model-made its first public appearance at the Department of Computer Science and Technology at Tsinghua University in Beijing, where she would continue her study with Professor Tang Jie.
Hua, a digital woman co-developed by the Beijing Academy of Artificial Intelligence, Zhipu AI and tech company Xiaoice is able to compose poetry and music and has some ability in reasoning and emotional interaction.
Tang Jie said the digital human is powered by the second generation of WuDao, a pre-trained model, and can be applied to several industries to help improve efficiency.
However, Pan Helin, executive director of the Digital Economy Academy of Zhongnan University of Economics and Law, said that the biggest challenge to the popularization of digital humans is still the technology.
“It is difficult for most digital humans to effectively complete tasks in complex situations. For many companies that want to use digital humans, intelligent applications of high-end digital humans will be costly,” Pan said.
12. What is the purpose of paragraph 1
A. To put forward a theory. B. To introduce the background.
C. To explain a concept. D. To start the topic.
13. What enables digital humans to do a wide range of nonverbal actions
A. Artificial intelligence. B. Realistic appearance.
C. Emotional interaction. D. Straightforward responses.
14. What is true about Hua Zhibing
A. She is the first AI-powered digital human. B. She is developed by Tsinghua University.
C She has the ability to learn new things. D. She has been applied to many industries.
15. What is Pan Helin’s opinion on digital humans
A. It costs a lot to employ digital humans.
B. It will greatly improve the efficiency.
C. Digital humans cannot perform tasks effectively.
D. The future of digital humans is optimistic.
福建省厦门市2021-2022学年高二下学期期末考试英语试题
第一节（共15小题；每小题2. 5分，满分37. 5分）
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。
A
Earthwatch expeditions pair researchers with volunteers to address some of the world's most pressing environmental challenges. Explore our current expeditions to discover how you can make a difference.
Climate Change at the Arctie's Edge
Northern ecosystems are being transformed by climate change. Join this long-term monitoring effort to explore what these changes mean for the arctic-and the rest of the world.
Location: Churchill, Manitoba, Canada
Activity Level: Moderate
Accommodations: Single Rooms possible; Research Station; Internet access
Food: buffet-style meals; Special diets accommodated
Amazon Riverboat Exploration
Aboard a riverboat deep in the heart of Peru's flooded Amazon region, you'll help to
conserve river dolphins and monkeys, and protect the fragile South American wilderness.
Location: Samiria River, Peru
Activity Level: Very Active
Accommodations: Single Rooms possible
Food: Chef-prepared meals
Conserving Threatened Rhinos in South Africa
Rhinos are believed to play an important role as “ecosystem engineers”. Help scientists to understand their impact on the environment to help conserve and manage rhinos in South Africa. Location: Northwest Province, South Africa
Activity Level: Moderate
Accommodations: Single Rooms possible; Double Rooms possible; Wilderness Camp
Food: Chef-prepared meals; Special diets accommodated
Conserving Wetlands and Traditional Agriculture in Mexico
Assist researchers in collecting data on water quality and land use in an ancient agricultural ecosystem within the wetlands of Xochimilco.
Location: Xochimilco, Mexico
Activity Level: Easy
Accommodations: Double Rooms possible; House Internet access
Food: Chef-prepared meals
21. What are the volunteers required to do in Canada
A. Collect data on water quality.
B. Observe Arctic's climate change.
C. Change northern ecosystem.
D. Rebuild the flooded region.
22. What do the expeditions in Peru and South Africa have in common
A. Wildlife protection.
B. Water activities.
C. Various accommodations.
D. Independent research.
23. Which expedition is suitable for a beginner volunteer
A. Amazon Riverboat Exploration.
B. Climate Change at the Arctic's Edge.
C. Conserving Threatened Rhinos in South Africa.
D. Conserving Wetlands and Traditional Agriculture in Mexico.
B
When my wife and I hired some painters to freshen up several rooms of our home, one of the men was surprised by what he found. “This guy is old school. There are books everywhere. ”
I am, I have to admit. I love old books, which puts me in the company of a long line of readers who often prefer them.
“I am not much taken by the new books, ” Michel de Montaigne declared in the 16th century. “The old ones seem to have more meat and sinew （筋）. ”That quote is in a cheap copy of his essays that I picked up in 1986, the start of my adventures in secondhand literature.
Alone in a new city to take my first daily newspaper job, I was feeling anxious as I dipped into a used bookstore to comfort my mind. The musty（发霉的）shelves， rich recalling of the past， quickly calmed me. With their yellowed pages, the torn titles in the shop usefully pointed me toward the longer view in my occupation as a journalist. “No need to get too worked up over today's fashion or headline, ”they seemed to say. “There is not much new under the sun. ”
When I get a little down, the volume of Francis Bacon's essays is always a ready cure: “Prosperity is not without many fears and distastes, ” Bacon wrote, and “adversity not without many comforts and hopes. ”For me, that comfort and hope often come from a secondhand book.
Sometimes, what the previous owners have written in the empty space is at least as instructive as what the authors have to say. In my worn copy of Virginia Woolf's, an earlier reader had frequently penciled “integrity” to describe Woolf's vision, which made me feel that my own enthusiasm for her had been confirmed.
24. What could be inferred from Montaigne's words
A. He is not a vegetarian.
B. He enjoys carrying old books.
C. Old books have endless aftertastes.
D. Old books can start an eating adventure.
25. How do Francis Bacon's essays help the author
A. They inspire the author.
B. They cure the author's illness.
C. They reduce the author's adversity.
D. They guarantee the author success.
26. What can we lean about the author from the last paragraph
A. He showed little respect for Woolf.
B. He was familiar with earlier readers.
C. He penciled some comments on the book.
D. He got educated from the notes in old books.
27. What message does the author seem to convey in the text
A. Books are the experience of the past.
B. Books are the only things that never die.
C. Old wood is best to burn, old book to read.
D. A room without books is like a body without soul.
C
Thirteen years ago Dr Angela Zilener, of the University of Zurich, was diving in the Red Sea when she spotted dolphins queueing. “The behaviour was so unique, ” she said. “They would stand in a line, wait for their turn, rub a body part, then come back and repeat the behaviour on a different body part. It was quite organised, and they really tried to cover all the body. ”
She realised that they were rubbing against coral and doing so selectively. It was always the same species of coral and sponges. The activity amazed her, especially because it appeared to be performed daily. “The dolphins come to the reefs during the daytime to sleep and to socialize. ” She noticed a schedule to the rubbing. “It looked like they did it before they went to sleep in the morning, and then again when they woke up. ”
Ziltener said an answer could be that the specific corals and sponges produced substances that helped to treat skin problems. For a paper in the journal iScience she and her colleagues investigated this by sampling the secretions. They found a set of bioactive compounds（化合物） in them: some were antibacterial and some seemed to have other roles. Professor Gertrud Morlock, the University of Giessen who conducted the analysis, was particularly interested in some that seemed to act like oestrogen （雌激素） and others that were poisonous. “If you think of humans, oestrogen keeps human skin in a good state and supports its oil production. Or think about the poisonous compounds-if the dolphins have annoying viruses, that can help get rid of those on the surface, ” she said.
“It’s like when you go to the pharmacy （药房） and buy a tincture and put it on your skin. It helps. ”Such is the case, Morlock argues, with the dolphins, except that there are logistical factors with dolphin pharmacies that explain the queueing. “Dolphins don't have arms. ”
28. What can we learn about dolphins' rubbing against coral
A. It is a “sleeping pill”.
B. It seems a daily routine.
C. It is just for fun.
D. It helps clean the coral.
29. What makes dolphins' skincare possible
A. The efforts of the scientists.
B. The oestrogen in the body.
C. The substances produced by corals.
D. The oily surface of sponges.
30. How does Morlock explain “the queueing” in the last paragraph
A. By presenting data.
B. By drawing a comparison.
C. By explaining a concept.
D. By analyzing cause and effect.
31. Which can be a suitable title for the text
A. Newly Found Medical Coral in Use
B. Coral Plays Essential Roles in Red Sea
C. Most Common Skin Problem for Dolphins
D. Dolphins Queue up for Trip to Coral Pharmacy
D
A 5-year-old usually feels that a year is an intolerable time to wait for Christmas, while for an adult, those 365 days fly by.
But there is more to our puzzling recognition of time than that. Some of it is in the brain. Adrian Bejan at Duke University says the brain's processing speed slows as we age. Our ageing brain captures less information per second, so packs less into one block of time, or “episode”. This can create the illusion （幻觉） that time has sped up. When we are younger， experiencing things for the first time may pack more into each episode, like a slow-motion camera capturing thousands of images per second.
Moment to moment, our emotional state can affect how we perceive time passing, too. It seems to fly when you are having fun and drag when you are bored. This may be to do with how our body processes time. The theory of “embodied cognition”（具身认知） says it is the processing of physical sensations （知觉） that creates our perception of the world around us， including our sense of time. The body has numerous rhythms-from the beating of the heart to the hunger in our stomach-that might all give the brain a sense of how much time has passed.
We know that the brain integrates our bodily signals in a region deep in the brain. In one experiment, Marc Wittmann from Germany, asked people to reproduce the length of high-pitched tones while he measured their brain's activity in an fMRI scanner. During this task, participants showed more heightened activity in the brain than when they did a control task in which they pressed a button as soon as the tone had stopped.
According to the experiment, anything that directs more attention to our bodies should make time seem to slow. This might explain why time crawls when we are hungry or cold. “If you don't have distraction, you start attending to your bodily self, ” says Wittmann, “and time drags. ”If you focus your attention on something else, you are no longer listening so intently to those bodily signals, and time seems to speed up. 32. What does the underlined word “This” in paragraph 2 refer to
A. The puzzling recognition of time.
B. The unbearable wait for Christmas.
C. The slower processing in the ageing brain.
D. The image captured by slow-motion camera.
33. What can we learn from paragraph 3
A. Time is lengthened by emotional state.
B. Time is defined by the rhythms in the body.
C. The sense of time can activate the beating of the heart.
D. The perception of time can be influenced by physical sensations.
34. Why do the participants have more heightened activity in the brain
A. The high-pitched tones are exciting.
B. They are fixing attention on the bodily self.
C. The task is challenging to deal with.
D. They are distracted by pressing a button.
35. Who might feel one hour the longest according to the text
A. A hungry student waiting for dinner.
B. A dynamic student playing basketball.
C. A single-minded student having a difficult exam.
D. A gifted student going skating in a freezing winter.
福建省三明市2021-2022学年高二下学期期末质量检测英语试题
第一节 （共15小题；每小题2. 5分, 满分37. 5分）
阅读下列短文, 从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中, 选出最佳选项, 并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
A
World Book Day is an annual event organized by the UNESCO to promote reading, publishing and copyright. As this year's day for knowledge is coming, let's take a look at the world's fascinating libraries and enjoy the fun of reading.
Library of Alexandria
The Alexandria Library in Alexandria, Egypt, is one of the largest and most significant libraries of the ancient world. The library, destroyed in 415AD and rebuilt in 2002, is not only a library, but also a museum and scientific research institution. It's also called the Egyptian cultural center and a lighthouse of thought, culture and science.
Mazarin Library
Mazarin Library is located within the Institute of France, on the left bank of Seine in Paris. Created in the 17th century, it has one of the richest collections of rare books and documents in modem France, and is the oldest public library in the country.
National Library of Indonesia
The Indonesian National Library, located in Jakarta, Indonesia, has the most complete collection of publications in the country, recording the information of Indonesia in various times. Documents written on leaves, bark, bamboo and Indonesian native paper are some of the rare items kept in the collection.
Stuttgart City Library
Stuttgart City Library is a cube outside with a hollow design inside. The hollow part is connected with misplaced stairs to create a unique sense of space. Since its completion in 2011, it has become a local cultural and architectural card.
21. What's special about Library of Alexandria
A. It was built in 2002. B. It holds the largest books.
C. It offers multiple functions. D. It has an Egyptian lighthouse.
22. What do Mazarin Library and National Library of Indonesia have in common
A. Oldest publications. B. Rare documents. C. Richest leaves. D. Valuable books.
23. Which library most attracts those who are interested in architecture
A. Library of Alexandria. B. Mazarin Library.
C. National Library of Indonesia. D. Stuttgart City Library.
B
I am not a typical graduate student. As an engineer, I have designed electronic control systems for more than 30 years, and I had expected to do so until I retired.
My wife is a scientist at the Australian National University (ANU). One year, I accompanied her to a scientific conference. Jochen Zeil, a professor at the ANU who studies animal behavior, captured my interest.
At lunchtime, Zeil and I had a long and very enjoyable discussion about his idea on the fundamentals of insect vision. When we parted, I joked that if he wanted another PhD student, he could count me in. About a month later he emailed me, “Haven't heard from you. Have you enrolled yet " And that's how, at the age of 53, I became a part-time doctoral student in biology at the ANU
My background in biology was decades ago, so I needed to learn the basics fast. Diving into textbooks, I went through an intense "undergraduate course” in my spare time. After a while, I managed to follow the papers I read. But the more I learnt, the more I realized how little I knew. Every paper aroused my interest to read more. It was tiring, and at times frustrating, but fun. I read, and read, and thought, and suddenly things fell into place. Still, being a part-time graduate student wasn't easy. I forgot the meaning of "spare time" for a while. Now, at the age of 61, my PhD is nearly at an end in itself.
New knowledge enriches you, regardless of how old you are. If you have the opportunity to dive into a new field, just take it.
24. What motivated the author to study biology at the ANU
A. His passion for engineering. B. His curiosity about Zeil's idea.
C. His wife's suggestion. D. His job's requirement.
25. How did Zeil react to the author's joke about being a PhD student
A. He laughed at him. B. He ignored his words.
C. He felt satisfied. D. He took it seriously.
26. Which of the following best describes the author's life at the ANU
A. Exhausting but enjoyable. B. Frustrating and worthless.
C. Tiring but promising. D. Happy and relaxing.
27. Which proverb can be the best summary of the text
A. Never too old to learn. B. Every minute counts.
C. Practice makes perfect. D. Experience must be bought.
C
Robots have always imitated（模仿）life. Social androids powered by artificial intelligence have now reached a level where they may be ready to work in shops, airports, and care homes. But an entirely new class of robots is being developed that can grow, evolve, and even reproduce.
Growth is a new frontier in robotics. Stanford University's root robot is a plastic tubular（管状的）robot that grows by unfolding from the inside as air is pumped into it. The soft body can move over rough or sticky surfaces, grow to 100 times its original length, and squeeze through gaps one-quarter of its size. Root robots can twist and turn in any direction to move through tight spaces. Its designers say the robot could be used to detect people and deliver equipment inside collapsed buildings.
Reproduction and evolution were actually used in an earlier experiment in 2015. European scientists built a computerized "mother" robotic: arm that assembled smaller robots. Each generation that the system built became progressively better at moving. Baby robots were glued together by the mother robot in different ways, so they could move further than the generation before.
It was a major milestone in robot learning and was used as inspiration for robotic evolution projects at the UK York Robotics Laboratory. Robot bodies there are 3D printed and then fitted, using a computerized arm, with sensors and other components. Designs are tested in a mock-up（实物模型）of a nuclear reactor, where robots must clear radioactive waste. Each robot is scored on its success at the task, and the computer then chooses which robots are allowed to reproduce. What form that robot life takes depends entirely on its success.
Researchers say their system could operate entirely by itself. But future evolutionary robot systems would likely need a kill switch to stop the system from running out of control and harming humans or the environment.
28. What is the feature of the root robot
A. Flexible. B. Rough. C. Sticky. D. Tight.
29. Which robots are entitled to reproduction
A. The ones clearing waste.
B. The ones printed by a computer.
C. The ones fitted with sensors.
D. The ones performing well at the task.
30. Why is a kill switch needed for future evolutionary robot systems
A. For test. B. For environment. C. For safety. D. For replacement.
31. What is probably the best title for the text
A. Future Androids Change Human's Life
B. Robots Reproduce to Meet Human's Demand
C. New Androids are Widely Used in Different Areas
D. Robots Imitate Life to Create Better Versions of Themselves
D
Climate change and habitat loss from big agriculture are combing to decrease global insect Populations, with each problem making the other worse, a new study finds.
While insects may bother people at times, they also are key in pollinating（授花粉）plants to feed people, making soil more fertile. Scientists have noticed a dramatic drop both in total insect numbers and diversity of insect species due to harmful chemicals and light pollution.
Big single-crop agriculture that leaves less habitat and leafy food for insects plus higher temperatures from climate change are huge problems for insect number drop, but a new study in the journal Nature based on more than 750, 000 samples of 18, 000 different species of insects says it's not just those two threats acting on their own. The interaction between habitat loss and climate change does smash insect populations.
“In this case, the habitat loss and climate change can often be worse than if they were acting on their own, as one can make the impact of the other worse and vice versa（反之亦 然）. We're missing part of the picture if we are only looking at these things individually, " said Outhwaite, an ecologist at University College London. For example, single-crop agriculture often reduces tree shading, making it hotter in a given spot. On top of that comes climate change. Then insects that need heat relief or need to move north for cooler climates can run into problems with lack of proper habitat because of large farms.
What makes this study important is that it's the first to link climate change and industrialized agriculture together in explaining harm to insects. The study used so many different samples and species around the world, which gives its findings more credibility.
32. What contributes to the drop in insect numbers
A. Leafy plants and fertile soil. B. Less pollinated plants.
C. Habitat loss and climate change. D. Diverse chemicals.
33. What does the underlined word "smash" mean in the text
A. Soar. B. Decrease. C. Damage. D. Increase.
34. Why does the author mention “single-crop agriculture” in paragraph 4
A. To offer a comparison. B. To explain a theory.
C. To draw a conclusion. D. To make a prediction.
35. What does the author want to stress about his study in the last paragraph
A. Its complex data. B. Its strict process.
C. Its special value. D. Its new application.
答案：
福建省龙岩市2021-2022学年高二下学期期末教学质量检查英语试题（解析版）
【答案】1. C 2. D 3. B
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇应用文。介绍的The Fred Hollows 基金组织。该组织目的是帮助那些不必要的盲人恢复视力。
【1题详解】
细节理解题。根据第一段中“The Fred Hollows Foundation has a very clear goal: we’re putting an end to avoidable blindness. ”(弗雷德·霍洛斯基金会有一个非常明确的目标：我们要终结可以避免的失明。)可知，该基金的目标是帮助那些不必要的盲人恢复视力。故选C。
【2题详解】
推理判断题。根据第三段中“Fred Hollows is a legendary Australian whose work continues to change the world today. Fred never took no for an answer, and he never let anyone tell him something couldn’t be done-especially when it came to restoring sight.”(弗雷德·霍洛斯是一位传奇的澳大利亚人，他的工作至今仍在改变着世界。弗雷德从不接受否定的回答，他从不让任何人告诉他一些做不到的事情——特别是在恢复视力方面。)可知，他是一个坚决的人。D选项determined意为“坚决的”符合句意。故选D。
【3题详解】
细节理解题。根据最后一部分中“$25(Your monthly gift will help restore sight to one person) $50(Your monthly gift will help restore sight to two persons)”(25美元将帮助一个人恢复视力；50美元将帮助两个人恢复视力。)可知，帮助三个人恢复视力则需要每个月捐赠75美元。故选B。
【答案】4. C 5. B 6. D 7. B
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇记叙文。主要讲述了作者他们在看鲸鱼的时候，因为距离太近，被鲸鱼吞了下去，幸好作者保持冷静，最终获救。
【4题详解】
细节理解题。根据第二段中“Suddenly, we were being attacked. A tight package of fish, known as whales’ food, started jumping out of the water into our kayak. Their actions meant they were escaping the whales, which meant that we needed to get out of there too. But before we could paddle to safety, our kayak was lifted out of the water about six feet, held up by massive jaws.(突然，我们被袭击了。一小包被称为鲸鱼食物鱼开始跳出水面，跳进我们的皮艇。他们的行动意味着他们正在逃离鲸鱼，这意味着我们也需要离开那里。但我们还没来得及划到安全的地方，我们的皮艇就被巨大的颚板托起，吊离水面约六英尺。)”可知，因为逃离的鱼将鲸鱼吸引到皮艇上。故选C。
【5题详解】
词句猜测题。根据画线词上文“Anything they can’t swallow they spit right out. That included us.”可知，凡是鲸鱼吞不下去的东西，就会吐出来。包括作者他们，所以鲸鱼一潜入水底，它就放弃了作者他们，故画线词意思是“放弃”。故选B。
【6题详解】
细节理解题。根据倒数第二段中“Still, I didn’t panic. I just kept thinking, I’ve got to fight this. I’ve got to breathe. Whales have enormous mouths but tiny throats. Anything they can’t swallow they spit right out. That included us. As soon as the whale dipped underwater, it ejected us, and we popped back up onto the surface about a foot apart. The entire near-death experience lasted only about 10 seconds.(不过，我没有惊慌。我一直在想，我必须要反抗。我要呼吸。鲸鱼的嘴很大，但喉咙很小。凡是他们吞不下去的东西，就会吐出来。包括我们。鲸鱼一潜入水底，它就把我们抛了出去，我们又浮出水面，相隔大约一英尺。整个濒死体验只持续了大约10秒)”可知，是冷静和好运帮助作者生存了下来。故选D。
【7题详解】
推理判断题。根据最后一段“We were shaken up by the experience. Liz said her whale-watching days were over. But I had to laugh when I realized I’d brought back a souvenir. When I pulled off my shirt, six silverfish dropped out.(我们为这一经历感到震惊。利兹说她看鲸的日子结束了。但当我意识到我带回了一件纪念品时，我不得不笑了。当我脱掉衬衫时，六条银鱼掉了出来)”可推知，作者在最后一段的语气是幽默的。故选B。
【答案】8. D 9. D 10. C 11. A
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。阐述了在穿着运动服在家工作了两年之后，许多人现在希望在办公室里既穿着舒适，又看起来很专业。办公室着装逐步注重舒适度。
【8题详解】
细节理解题。根据第一段中“ After two years of working from home in exercise clothes, many people now want to be comfortable while looking professional in the office. And companies are trying to keep up with the demand for "business comfort" clothing.”（在穿着运动服在家工作了两年之后，许多人现在希望在办公室里既穿着舒适，又看起来很专业。公司也在努力满足人们对“商务舒适”服装的需求。）可知，由于疫情疫情影响，在过去两年中，人们习惯了穿着运动服在家工作。故长时间追求舒适的穿着改变了人们重新回归工作后的衣着选择。故选D。
【9题详解】
推理判断题。根据第三段中“people will knowingly think about what they will wear to the office. They may compare themselves to others and think about the situation they are in.”（人们会有意地考虑自己在办公室穿什么。他们可能会把自己和别人比较，思考他们所处的情况。）可知，人们会把自己穿着和别人比较，思考别人的情况。故人们很在意自己的穿着。故选D。
【10题详解】
推理判断题。根据最后一段中第一句“One such worker is 42-year-old Emily Kirchner of Stevensville, Michigan. She said she is spending money on new clothes including blue jeans, shirts, and even blazers. ”（密歇根州斯蒂文斯维尔42岁的艾米丽·基什内尔就是这样一位工人。她说她会花钱买新衣服，包括蓝色牛仔裤、衬衫，甚至是运动夹克。）可知，她会花钱买新衣服，可知她是一个喜欢打扮的人。故选C。
【11题详解】
主旨大意题。根据第一段中“After two years of working from home in exercise clothes, many people now want to be comfortable while looking professional in the office. And companies are trying to keep up with the demand for "business comfort" clothing.”（在穿着运动服在家工作了两年之后，许多人现在希望在办公室里既穿着舒适，又看起来很专业。公司也在努力满足人们对“商务舒适”服装的需求。）可知，在疫情的影响之下，当前许多办公室的工作人员追求的是舒适的衣着。所以短文的最佳标题为“办公室服装的舒适改变”。故选A。
【答案】12. B 13. C 14. B 15. A
【解析】
【导语】本文为一篇说明文。讲述的是由于俄罗斯和乌克兰冲突以及环保问题，汽油和柴油的价格有所上涨，越来越多人选择电动汽车。随着电动汽车电池成本的增加，电动汽车的价格也是水涨船高，即便如此，世界各地的人们仍在排队购买。
【12题详解】
推理判断题。根据第二段中“For a smaller vehicle like the Hongguang Mini, the best-selling EV in China, the higher battery costs added almost $1,500, equal to 30 percent of the listed price. ”（对于中国最畅销的电动汽车——红光Mini这样的小型汽车来说，更高的电池成本增加了近1500美元，相当于标价的30%。）可知，此处是承接文章第一段中的“Electric vehicle, EV, demand has stayed strong even as the average cost of lithiumion(锂离子)battery cells increased to an estimated $160 per kilowatt-hour in the first quarter from $105 last year. ”（尽管第一季度锂离子电池的平均成本从去年的105美元/千瓦时上升到160美元/千瓦时，电动汽车的需求仍然强劲。）中的客观事实，故文中第二段提到the Hongguang Mini是举例子来说明锂离子电子电池成本上升的事实。故选B。
【13题详解】
细节理解题。根据倒数第二段中的“Experts say battery costs could stay high for the next year or so, but then another large drop is likely as big investments by automakers and suppliers change the balance from shortage to surplus. ”（专家表示，电池成本可能在未来一年左右保持在高位，但随后可能会出现另一次大幅下降，因为汽车制造商和供应商的大笔投资将电池从短缺转为过剩。）可知，在未来导致电池成本价格降低的原因是汽车制造商和供应商的大笔投资将电池从短缺转为过剩。故选C。
【14题详解】
推理判断题。根据最后一段中“ But with gasoline prices high and consumer preferences changing, such cost considerations may no longer matter as much, experts say.”（但专家说，随着汽油价格高企和消费者偏好的改变，这种成本考虑可能不再那么重要。）可知，这是专家的观点，作者在文中并未提及未来电动汽车的前景，关于电动汽车的论述都是以客观的态度来陈述。故选B。
【15题详解】
推理判断题。根据第一段中“This year, people around the world are lining up to buy electric vehicles even as prices increase. ”（今年，尽管电动汽车价格上涨，但世界各地的人们仍在排队购买。）以及倒数第二段中“but then another large drop is likely as big investments by automakers and suppliers change the balance from shortage to surplus.”（但随着汽车制造商和供应商的大笔投资将供需平衡从短缺转为过剩，可能会出现另一次大幅下降。）可知，当下对电动汽车的供需是短缺状态。故选A。
福建省南平市2021-2022学年高二下学期期末质量检测英语试题（解析版）
【答案】1. C 2. C 3. D
【解析】
【导语】本文为一篇应用文。介绍了世界上几个迷人的图书馆。
【1题详解】
细节理解题。根据“Royal Portuguese Cabinet of Reading”部分中的“ Open to the public since 1900, the cabinet has the largest collection of Portuguese literature outside Portugal, holding more than 350,000 books.”（自1900年起向公众开放，这个内阁拥有葡萄牙以外最大的葡萄牙文学收藏，拥有超过35万册书籍。），可知该图书管于1900年开放；根据“Stuttgart City Library”部分中的“built in 2011”，可知该图书馆建立于2011年；根据“Wormhole Library”部分中的“Open to the public in 2021”，可知该图书馆开放于2021年；根据“National Library of Indonesia”部分中的“established in 1980”可知该图书馆建立于1980年。四个图书馆相比而言，Royal Portuguese Cabinet of Reading图书馆是开放最早的。故选C。
【2题详解】
细节理解题。根据题干中的“Stuttgart City Library”可将答案定位至第三段，根据该段中“The Stuttgart City Library, built in 2011, focuses in particular on the Stuttgart region literary scene and has a permanent exhibition for authors from Stuttgart and the surrounding region.”（斯图加特城市图书馆建于2011年，特别关注斯图加特地区的文学场景，并为来自斯图加特及其周边地区的作家提供永久性展览。）可知，读者们可以在此发现展出的斯图加特作家的作品。故选C。
【3题详解】
细节理解题。根据题干中的“National Library of Indonesia”可将答案定位至最后一段，根据该段中“Works written on leaves and Indonesian native paper are some of the rare items kept in the collection. ”（用树叶和印尼纸写的作品是收藏的稀有物品。）可知，该图书馆因为拥有在树叶和印尼纸上书写的作品而独一无二，故选D。
【答案】4. B 5. C 6. C 7. C
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。本文叙述了钟承湛虽然失去了双腿，但是对极限运动的热爱依旧不减。他凭借坚强的意志力和自己的努力学会了在轮椅上滑雪，并取得不俗的成绩。他致力于研发轮椅；他还计划组织残疾人滑雪队，鼓励更多残疾人参与到运动当中来。
【4题详解】
细节理解题。根据第一段整段“Of the many events held as part of the X Games—an annual world extreme sports event, Zhong Chengzhan likes skiing most, despite having lost the use of both legs in a skiing accident some nine years ago.(在一年一度的世界极限运动赛事X Games的众多比赛项目中，钟承湛最喜欢滑雪，尽管他在大约九年前的一次滑雪事故中失去了双腿)”可知，滑雪是钟承湛最喜欢、最痴迷的项目。故选B项。
【5题详解】
细节理解题。根据倒数第二段的“With his skill as a wheelchair skier improving, Zhong set up another company in 2014 to focus on the design, research and production of wheelchairs, helping to fill a gap in the domestic production of high-end wheelchairs.(随着他的轮椅滑雪技术的提高，钟在2014年成立了另一家公司，专注于轮椅的设计、研究和生产，填补了国内高端轮椅生产的空白)”可知，他致力于研发轮椅和提升轮椅的品质。故选C项。
【6题详解】
推理判断题。根据第四段的“He visited a number of resorts in Australia, New Zealand and Germany for training over the following two years, which helped him master the skills he’d need to ski in a wheelchair. His persistence paid off. Zhong took fifth place in the National Disabled Alpine Skiing and Snowboarding Champions in January 2018.(在接下来的两年里，他去了澳大利亚、新西兰和德国的一些度假胜地进行培训，这帮助他掌握了在轮椅上滑雪所需的技能。他的坚持得到了回报。2018年1月，钟在全国残疾人高山滑雪和单板滑雪冠军赛中获得第五名)”可知，他虽然失去了双腿，但是他依然凭借他的坚持和努力掌握了在轮椅上滑雪，并在全国残疾人高山滑雪比赛等中获得不错的名次，可见他是一个很有决心且令人深受鼓舞的人。故选C项。
【7题详解】
主旨大意题。根据第一段整段“Of the many events held as part of the X Games—an annual world extreme sports event, Zhong Chengzhan likes skiing most, despite having lost the use of both legs in a skiing accident some nine years ago. (在一年一度的世界极限运动赛事X Games的众多比赛项目中，钟承湛最喜欢滑雪，尽管他在大约九年前的一次滑雪事故中失去了双腿)”以及第二段的“Before the accident in 2013,which left him with paraplegia(截肢) of the upper limbs, Zhong was a committed X Games fan and was already involved in activities such as snowboarding, bicycle climbing, paragliding and nautical sports.(在2013年那场导致他上半肢截瘫的事故之前，钟是一个坚定的极限运动爱好者，已经参与了如单板滑雪，自行车攀登，滑翔伞和航海运动等极限运动)”可知，钟承湛是个特别爱极限运动的人，即使他没了双腿，但这阻止不了他对极限运动的爱。因此，文章讲述了一个极限运动的酷爱者。故选C项。
【答案】8. B 9. D 10. D 11. B
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇议论文。本文阐述的是作者认为家庭作业和学校表现二者之间没有必然的联系，不同的学生对待家庭作业的态度是不同的，有人喜欢做家庭作业，有一些人不喜欢做家庭作业，主要是因为孩子不同。做家庭作业并不能一定带来好的学校表现。
【8题详解】
细节理解题。根据第二段中“more than one teacher has started to follow the less-homework policy that lays emphasis on family time, outdoor play, and early bedtimes as well as on the moderate amount of homework for primary school students. And some schools have adopted less-homework programs, encouraging students to enjoy their evening free time and in some cases lengthening the school day to provide more classroom instruction.”（已经有不止一位老师开始遵循“少作业”政策，强调家庭时间、户外活动、早睡以及小学生的适量作业。一些学校已经采取了减少家庭作业的计划，鼓励学生享受晚上的自由时间，在某些情况下延长上课时间，以提供更多的课堂教学。）可知，“少作业”政策强调家庭时间、户外活动、早睡以及小学生的适量作业。即平衡学习和生活。故选B。
【9题详解】
细节理解题。根据第三段中“ It’s simple: a daily maximum of 10 minutes of homework per grade level. First graders do 10 minutes of homework each night; second graders do 20 minutes; third graders do 30 minutes, and so on.”（这很简单：每个年级每天最多10分钟的家庭作业。一年级学生每晚要做10分钟的家庭作业；二年级学生做20分钟；三年级学生做30分钟，以此类推。）可知，五年级的学生需要做50分钟的家庭作业。故选D。
【10题详解】
细节理解题。根据倒数第二段中“ His 2006 meta-analysis, published in the Review of Educational Research, found evidence that students who did homework performed better in school. The connection between homework and performance was much stronger for students in seventh through 12th grade than for those in earlier grades.”（他2006年发表在《教育研究评论》的成果表明，做家庭作业的学生在学校表现更好。七年级到十二年级的学生的家庭作业与表现之间的联系要比上一年级的学生强得多）可知，家庭作业在一定程度上影响学生的学习成绩。故选D。
【11题详解】
推理判断题。根据最后一段“Does homework lead to achievement Yes. However, do high achievers simply do more homework Obviously, the answer to that is NO. Undoubtedly, some kids are less likely to complain about doing homework than others. Others actually want to do homework. The point being, they’re all different.”（家庭作业能带来成就吗？是的。然而，高成就者仅仅是做了更多的家庭作业吗？显然，答案是否定的。毫无疑问，有些孩子不太可能抱怨做作业。其他人实际上是想做作业。重点是，他们都是不同的。）可知，作者认为家庭作业和学校表现之间只是相关关系，不是因果关系，不同孩子对待作业的态度是不同的，因此做家庭作业可能的也可能是不好的，这取决于不同的孩子。由此推知，作者对家庭作业保持的是客观的的态度。故选B。
【答案】12. B 13. A 14. A 15. D
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了活动家们积极提倡减少“食品里程”，即少买进口食品而更多购买当地食品来减少碳排放，而实际上本地食品所产生的碳足迹比进口食品还要多。作者在文章里举了一些例子证明了造成碳足迹的因素并非只有“食品里程”。
【12题详解】
词句猜测题。根据第一段第一句“Recently, campaigners have encouraged us to buy local food, trying to persuade people to reduce “food miles”, that is, the distance food travels from the producer to the retailer.(最近，活动家们鼓励我们购买当地食品，试图说服人们减少“食品里程”，即食品从生产商到retailer的距离)”及常识可知，我们是在零售商那里购买食品的。由此推知，划线词retailer意为“销售者、卖方”。故选B项。
【13题详解】
推理判断题。根据第二段整段“According to a 2008 study, only 11% of carbon emissions in the food production process