外刊精读:
如何专心致志地做事?
导读:
保持专心致志有时很难。不过,要是知道让自己分心的原因,就可能有助集中注意力。科学家研究了导致 “拖延症” 的原因,找出了一些帮助人们进入工作或学习状态的方法。本文围绕这些建议展开讨论。
一、语篇泛读
When you were at school, were you ever told to stop daydreaming and concentrate It was easy for your mind to wander if you weren’t interested in what you were learning or if you had better things to think about. Staying focused can still be a challenge in adult life, but understanding how to do it, and knowing what is distracting you, can help.
Scientists have looked at what makes us procrastinate and found a number of ways to help us stay in the zone. One of the most obvious things is eliminating noise. Research by Science Focus magazine found silence is best for concentration or a gentle background hum and coffee shop noise is great! It also found turning off notifications on your phone, or switching it off altogether, removes a major distraction and helps us focus on the task at hand.
Another possible cure for a short attention span is brain training. Psychologists and neuroscientists are increasingly interested in our ability to knuckle down and have looked at what we can change inside our head to make us concentrate. An article for BBC Future by Caroline Williams says that “Attention Researcher Nilli Lavie of University College London has found that making a task more visually demanding… takes up more processing power and leaves the brain nothing left to process distractions.” So, keeping your mind busy might be the answer.
There are more practical tips to keeping your mind focused. These include making a list or timetable of the tasks you have to do, finding a workspace where you’re not tempted to do other things, or chewing some gum! It’s possible the movement in your mouth occupies parts of the brain that might otherwise get distracted.
But according to Science Focus magazine, distraction isn’t all bad. “If we were always so focused that we never got distracted, we’d miss potential changes, such as threats, in our environment. Distraction is vital for survival.”
二、词汇表
daydream 做白日梦
mind to wander 走神,心不在焉
focused 专注的
distract 干扰,使分心
procrastinate 拖延
in the zone 状态极佳,在状态
silence 安静,无声
task at hand 手头的任务
short attention span 注意力持续时间短,注意力不集中
brain training 大脑训练
neuroscientist 神经科学家
knuckle down 开始努力工作或学习
visually demanding 视觉上费力的,需要劳神看的
processing power 处理能力
threat 威胁
三、测试与练习
阅读课文并回答问题。
1. What should you try to remove if you want to concentrate properly
2. According to one expert, what uses up processing power in our brain
3. What might we miss if we didn’t get distracted
4. Why might finding a suitable workspace help you concentrate
5. Who are particularly interested in our ability to stay focused
选择意思恰当的单词或词组来完成下列句子。
1. I was _______ on the train and missed my stop!
focused distracting
daydreaming silence
2. My son has a _______ and can’t concentrate on his schoolwork.
short attention span
short attention spans
short attentive span
attention short span
3. You need to _______ if you want to get all your work completed on time.
procrastinate task at hand
knuckle down daydream
4. There must be absolute _______ in the exam hall.
threats silence
focused neuroscientists
5. In our yoga class, we were told to relax and allow our _______.
wander our mind
wandering mind
mind to wandering
mind to wander
【参考答案】
阅读课文并回答问题。
1. What should you try to remove if you want to concentrate properly
One of the most obvious things is eliminating noise.
2. According to one expert, what uses up processing power in our brain
Attention Researcher Nilli Lavie of University College London has found that making a task more visually demanding takes up more processing power.
3. What might we miss if we didn’t get distracted
According to Science Focus magazine, if we were always so focused that we never got distracted, we’d miss potential changes, such as threats, in our environment.
4. Why might finding a suitable workspace help you concentrate
Finding a workspace means you’re not tempted to do other things.
5. Who are particularly interested in our ability to stay focused
Psychologists and neuroscientists are increasingly interested in our ability to try and focus and concentrate.
选择意思恰当的单词或词组来完成下列句子。
1. I was daydreaming on the train and missed my stop!
2. My son has a short attention span and can’t concentrate on his schoolwork.
3. You need to knuckle down if you want to get all your work completed on time.
4. There must be absolute silence in the exam hall.
5. In our yoga class, we were told to relax and allow our mind to wander.
我们为什么爱看猫咪视频?
导读:
上网时,你有没有过这样的经历:在不知不觉中陷入了看猫咪视频的循环中,无法自拔……为什么和其它萌宠相比,与猫有关的视频往往更受欢迎?本文探讨搞笑猫咪视频让人无法抗拒的魅力。
一、语篇泛读
We’ve all been there. One minute you’re searching for something serious, like a recipe for dinner, or something for work, and the next you’ve been sucked in by endless videos of cats doing funny things after seeing a catchy title in your suggested videos column. They’re compelling, engrossing and captivating, and you can end up spending hours watching kittens make funny noises or mistiming jumps. But why do these videos so often end up going viral What makes them so enthralling And why are they more popular than dog videos
First, let’s talk about stereotypes. When many of us think about dogs, we imagine them rolling over onto their backs, tongues hanging out, or making a mess. They seem trusting and innocent – and they do silly things. Cats, on the other hand, seem somewhat more refined and independent. There’s a reason we have an expression ‘cool cat’. In short, cats seem more serious – and savvy. If we can get one over on a cat and make them do something like get in a box that slides down a hill, it’s comical. But with a dog, it’s not as funny because they trust you – and it’s easier. Tricking a cat, due to their wiliness, has more pay off.
The internet is filled with videos of cats making funny faces or reacting strangely. But why are they so funny Well, simply – it’s unexpected. If you saw a cat walking down the street coolly or observing and preparing to attack a mouse, it wouldn’t be funny. But if that cat was walking sideways, wearing a silly costume, or becoming best friends with the mouse, suddenly we might start to laugh. Watching a cat that is normally majestic walk clumsily or pull a bizarre face is hilarious because it’s not something we would normally associate with that animal. It’s like watching someone who is normally very serious get the giggles. In some ways, we’re all laughing at their fall from grace.
So the next time you see one of those many memes of cats in awkward situations or videos that make you chuckle, try to remember why it’s so funny. And spare a thought for all those dogs that are trying to entertain us too.
二、词汇表
suck in 陷入
compelling 引人入胜的
engrossing 非常有趣的
captivating 令人着迷的
viral (在网络上)迅速传播的
enthralling 吸引人的
stereotype 成见
refined 优雅的
cool cat 时尚的人
savvy 精明的
get one over on 捉弄
trick 戏弄
wiliness 狡猾
unexpected 意想不到的
majestic 高贵的,有威严的
clumsily 笨拙地
pull a face 做鬼脸
the giggles 咯咯傻笑,笑个不停
fall from grace 失态
meme (用当下流行文化素材配上文字的)自制表情包
三、测试与练习
阅读课文并回答问题。
1. What might we have been doing before we started watching cat videos
2. What do many of us think are the characteristics of dogs
3. What do many of us think are the characteristics of cats
4. Why is it not as funny to trick a dog
5. Why is it funny to watch a cat pull a funny face
选择意思恰当的单词或词组来完成下列句子。
1. I can’t stop laughing – I’ve got the _______.
majestic wiliness
giggles tricking
2. I thought she was so kind, but when I found out she had been spreading bad rum ours, it really was a _______ from grace.
plummet rise
fall jump
3. Wow! Your video has so many views. I think it went _______.
virology virus
viral virologist
4. I find these sorts of videos really _______. I can’t stop watching them.
chunkily engrossing
pull a face cool cat
5. Stop sending me _______. My inbox is overflowing with silly images!
refined savvy
get one over on memes
【参考答案】
阅读课文并回答问题。
1. What might we have been doing before we started watching cat videos
We might have been doing something serious like looking for recipes or something for work.
2. What do many of us think are the characteristics of dogs
Many of us think dogs are innocent, trusting and silly.
3. What do many of us think are the characteristics of cats
Many of us think cats are independent, smart and untrusting.
4. Why is it not as funny to trick a dog compared with a cat
Because dogs are trusting, it’s easy to trick them. Cats on the other hand don’t seem as trusting – so when you trick them, there’s more payoff.
5. Why is it funny to watch a cat pull a funny face
Because it is unexpected and out of character.
选择意思恰当的单词或词组来完成下列句子。
1. I can’t stop laughing – I’ve got the giggles.
2. I thought she was so kind, but when I found out she had been spreading bad rum ours, it really was a fall from grace.
3. Wow! Your video has so many views. I think it went viral.
4. I find these sorts of videos really engrossing. I can’t stop watching them.
5. Stop sending me memes. My inbox is overflowing with silly images!
我们有必要害怕数学吗?
导读:
并非人人都喜欢或懂得数学。自上学起,不少人就开始害怕这门科目,并且从未克服这种感觉。究竟是什么让我们对数字产生恐惧?怎样才能战胜这种心理?本文探讨人们惧怕数学的原因和改变这种心态的方法。
一、语篇泛读
How good are you at maths Some people love the challenge of algebra or enjoy working out number puzzles such as Sudoko. Maths is all around us, from working out how to split the bill after a meal, to calculating your household bills. But many dread the moment when they have to deal with numbers and figures and feel a real sense of worry and confusion. It can seem daunting, but this ‘maths anxiety’ is perfectly normal, and you’re definitely not alone. And anyway, our worries and fears don’t necessarily reflect our ability.
The problem really starts in childhood, at school. Research has found that maths teachers who are nervous about teaching the subject can pass on their anxiety to the pupils, and girls may be more likely to be affected. The Program me for International Student Assessment found around 31% of 15 and 16-year-olds across 34 countries said they got very nervous doing maths problems, 33% said they got tense doing maths homework, and nearly 60% said they worried maths classes would be difficult. Shula it Kahn, from Boston University’s Question School of Business, told the BBC she believes giving students, particularly girls, good role models “is critical, especially at a young age”. She thinks the key is to get people, especially women, who love teaching maths to younger children.
Writing for BBC Future, David Robson says “It’s not clear why maths arouses so much fear compared to geography. But the fact that there’s a right or wrong answer – there’s no room for bluffing – might make you more worried about underperforming.” And once we assume we’re not a ‘maths person’, we avoid solving things that we probably could do.
Psychologists have been trying to work out why mental arithmetic can bring us out in a sweat. That seed of fear may come from many sources, but some suggest that articulating your fears can loosen their hold on you, and encourage children to see a maths test as a challenge, not a threat. Ideally, we need to think positively about maths and give it a second chance.
二、词汇表
algebra 代数
puzzle 谜题,智力游戏
Sudoku 数独游戏
split the bill 分摊费用
calculate 计算
figures 数字
maths anxiety 数学焦虑症
ability 能力
nervous 紧张的,担忧的
problem 习题,问题
homework 家庭作业
role model 榜样
bluff 蒙混过关
underperform 表现不佳
solve 解决
mental arithmetic 心算
articulate 清楚表达
challenge 挑战
a second chance 第二次机会
三、测试与练习
阅读课文并回答问题。
1. When does maths anxiety really begin
2. What can happen if teachers are nervous about teaching maths
3. True or false If we don’t like maths, we are unable to solve mathematical problems.
4. How should children view a maths test
5. What does Shulamit Kahn think should be done to help children enjoy maths
2. 选择意思恰当的单词或词组来完成下列句子。
1. According to my _______, we’ve actually made a profit this year.
algebra figures
ability solving
2. You can’t afford to pay for us both so let’s _______.
split the bill spilt the bill
splits the bill split my bill
3. I’ve _______ how much you owe me for the shopping – it’s 20 pounds!
calculated bluffing
solved puzzled
4. Climbing the mountain was a real _______, but it was worth it when I got to the top.
ability role model
challenge nervous
5. I am useless at _______, so I always use a calculator.
mentals arithmetic
mental arithmetics
arithmetic mental
mental arithmetic
【参考答案】
1. 阅读课文并回答问题。
1. When does maths anxiety really begin
The problem really starts in childhood, at school.
2. What can happen if teachers are nervous about teaching maths
Maths teachers who are nervous about teaching the subject can pass on their anxiety to the pupils.
3. True or false If we don’t like maths, we are unable to solve mathematical problems.
False. We assume if we’re not a ‘maths person’, we avoid solving things that we probably could do.
4. How should children view a maths test
Children should be encouraged to see a maths test as a challenge, not a threat.
5. What does Shulamit Kahn think should be done to help children enjoy maths
She thinks the key is to get people, especially women who love maths, teaching younger children.
2. 选择意思恰当的单词或词组来完成下列句子。
1. According to my figures, we’ve actually made a profit this year.
2. You can’t afford to pay for us both so let’s split the bill.
3. I’ve calculated how much you owe me for the shopping – it’s 20 pounds!
4. Climbing the mountain was a real challenge, but it was worth it when I got to the top.
5. I am useless at mental arithmetic, so I always use a calculator.