【备战2014】高考英语语法复习专题 非谓语动词 （重点知识归纳+考点聚焦+仿真演练，19页）
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| 名称 | 【备战2014】高考英语语法复习专题 非谓语动词 （重点知识归纳+考点聚焦+仿真演练，19页） |  | |
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| 资源类型 | 教案 | ||
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| 科目 | 英语 | ||
| 更新时间 | 2013-12-20 13:47:45 | ||
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一、谓语动词与非谓语动词
在解非谓语习题时同学们遇到最大的困难之一是如何判别是谓语动词还是非谓语动词。
非谓语动词是汉语中没有的语言现象。汉语中几个谓语动词连用而动词不用作任何形式的变化。如：他明天来拜访你。翻译成英语不是He will come visit you，而是He will come to visit you.这里就用了动词不定式to visit。因此同学们要特别注意分析句子的结构。
分 类 不同点 例 句
谓语动词 只能作谓语 ①______ blood if you can and many lives will be saved.A. Giving B. Give C. Given D. To give【解析】如果不注意分析句子结构，有可能会误选A或C项。这是祈使句+and+陈述句的句型。答案B。
非谓语动词 作除谓语之外的任何成分（见下表） ②The traffic rule says young children under the age of four and __ less than 40 pounds must be in a child safety seat.A. being weighed B. weighs C. weighed D. weighing【解析】容易误选B或C项，将其当成谓语看待。“under the age of four and ____ less than 40 pounds”用作“children”的定语。动词“weigh”与名词“children”是主动关系，所以选择答案D项。
二、非谓语动词的语法功能
所能充当的成分 主语 表语 宾语 宾语（主语）补足语 定语 插入语（独立成分）
V-ing形式 现在分词 ●[] [] ●[] ●[] ●
动名词 ● ● ● ●
不定式（to do） ● ● ● ● ● ●
过去分词（done） ● ● ● ●
三、非谓语动词的变化形式
非谓语形式 构成
时态 语态 复合结构 否定式
主动 被动
不定式 一般式 to do to be done for sb. to do sth.或of sb. to do sth. 在“to”前加not或never
进行式 to be doing /
完成式 to have done to have been done
动名词 一般式 doing being done sb.或sb’s doing作主语要用sb’s doing 在前加not特别注意复合结构的否定式： sb’s not doingsb’s not having done
完成式 having done having been done
现在分词 与动名词变化形式相同 / 在前加not
（一）非谓语动词做主语、宾语时的比较
用不定式还是用动名词作宾语有特殊规定
举例 ①I don’t want ____ like I’m speaking ill of anybody, but the manager’s plan is unfair. A. to sound B. to be sounded C. sounding D. to have sounded【解析】want后要跟动词不定式作宾语，sound是连系动词不用被动式，与谓语动词没有时间的先后，故不可用它的完成式。答案A。②It is difficult to imagine his _______the decision without any consideration. A. accept B. accepting C. to accept D. accepted 【解析】imagine要求用动名词作宾语。答案B。
重点 只接不定式做宾语的谓语动词或短语 hope, want, offer, long, fail, expect, wish, ask, decide, pretend, manage, agree, afford, determine, promise, happen，refuse, claim, would love等等
只接动名词做宾语的谓语动词或短语 suggest, risk, devote oneself to（建议冒险去献身）finish, imagine, bear/stand, look forward to（完成想象忍盼望）give up, delay/put off, regret, miss（放弃延期悔失去）insist on/stick to, enjoy/appreciate, feel like, practice（坚持欣赏要实践）pay attention to, excuse, escape/avoid, object to（注意原谅逃/避反对）keep, be/get used to/be accustomed to, mind（保持习惯勿介意）be worth, set about/burst out/get down to, be busy（值得开始将忙乎）
用不定式还是用动名词作宾语都可以，但有区别
举例 In some parts of London, missing a bus means __________for another hour.A. waiting B. to wait C. wait D. to be waiting 【解析】此题意为“在英国的一些地方，如果错过了公交车就意味着再等一个小时。”mean doing sth.意为“意味着什么”，mean to do sth.意为“试图、打算做什么”。答案A。
重点 动词本身意义不变，跟不定式和动名词意义不同 remember to do sth. 记住要做 remember doing sth.记得过去做过forget to do sth. 忘了已做过的事 forget doing sth. 忘记要做某事
动词本身意义改变，跟不定式和动名词意义不同 regret to do sth.对马上要或不做的事表示遗憾regret doing sth.对已发生的事表示遗憾或后悔mean to do sth.打算，想要 mean doing 意味着，意思是try to do sth. 努力做某事 try doing sth. 尝试做某事can’t help doing sth.情不自禁，忍不住can’t help (to) do sth.不能帮忙做某事be considered to have done被认为已经做了consider…to be认为是 consider doing考虑做某事
动词本身意义不变，跟不定式被动式和动名词意义相同 want，need，require接动名词表示被动意义，接不定式就要用被动式，这时主语与动名词之间为动宾关系These young trees require looking after(=to be looked after).
The matter needs thinking over(=to be thought over).
右边这些动词跟动词不定式做目的状语，跟动名词作宾语 stop to do停下来，要做另一件事（不定式作目的状语）stop doing停止做（动名词作宾语）go on to do接着做另一件事（不定式作目的状语）go on doing继续做同一件事（动名词作宾语）
（二）非谓语作宾语补足语时的的比较
理解下表中所列的关系
非谓语 与宾语的逻辑关系 与谓语动作的时间关系
不定式 主动关系 ①在谓语动词后发生②不带to的不定式表示动作的全过程
现在分词 主动关系 同时进行
过去分词 被动关系 动作已经完成或表示状态
举 例
①The teacher asked us _____so much noise. A. don’t make B. not make C. not making D. not to make【解析】在动词“ask”后面用不定式作宾语补足语，其否定形式是“not to do”。答案D。②—Excuse me sir, where is Room 301 —Just a minute. I’ll have Bob ____you to your room. A. show B. shows C. to show D. showing【解析】“have sb. do sth.”意为“命令或安排某人做某事”。根据提供的情景可判断出让Bob带你到房间去。“have sb. doing sth.”表示“使某人一直处于某种状态中”。答案A。③A cook will be immediately fired if he was found ________in kitchen. A. smoke B. smoking C. to smoke D. smoked【解析】“find”后接现在分词作主语补足语。此句中“smoking” 是主语“he”的补足语, 所以称为主语补足语。表示主动的正在发生的事。根据“immediately”可判断出“厨师当场被发现在厨房吸烟会被立即开除”。答案B。④To learn English well, we should find opportunities to hear English as much as we can.A. speak B. speaking C. spoken D. to speak【解析】此处考查“hear+宾语+do/doing/done”的结构。因为English是“被说”，故用“spoken”作宾补，表示被动。答案C 。
注意几个特别的结构
have+宾语+do/doing/done ，get+宾语+to do/doing/done ，catch sb. doing sth（逮住某人干某事）Alexander tried to get his work _______in the medical circles.A. to recognize B. recognizing C. recognize D. recognized 【解析】宾语work与recognize之间存在被动关系，所以用过去分词作宾语补足语。=have+宾语+done的结构。答案D。
（三）非谓语作定语时的比较
形式 与被修饰词的逻辑关系 与谓语动作的时间关系 例 句
to do 动宾关系 在谓语动作后发生 ①If there is a lot of work ___, I’m happy to just keep on until it is finished. A. to do B. to be doing C. done D. doing【解析】“work”和“do”虽然存在逻辑上的动宾关系，但主语“I和“do存在主谓关系，此时用“to do”做后置定语。在“there be”的这个句型中，如果“be”后面的“sth.”要跟上不定式，要用主动形式表示被动，所以选择A项。②When I handed the report to John, he said that George was the person ______.A. to send B. for sending it C. to send it to D. for sending it to 【解析】该题中须用不定式短语作后置定语，排除B 和D选项；答案A项意为“送乔治这个人走”，显然不符合题意。而应该是将报告送给“乔治这个人”才符合题意。“it”指这个报告。后面的介词“to”不能少。答案C。
“the last/next/first...” 后常接不定式作定语，表示主谓关系 在谓语动作前或者后发生 ④—The last one ___________ pays the meal.—Agreed! A. arrived B. arrives C. to arrive D. arriving 【答案】C。
to be done 被动关系 在谓语动作后发生 ⑤The Chinese are proud of the 29th Olympic Games ______in Beijing in 2008. A. hold B. holding C. held D. to be held 【解析】非谓语动词作后置定语的三种情况：the meeting to be held意为“即将召开的会议“；the meeting held意为“已经召开的会议”；the meeting being held是“正在召开的会议”的意思。很显然当年高考时（2006年）“the 29th Olympic Games”还没有召开，故选D。
doing 主动关系 与谓语动作同时进行 ⑥Reading is an experience quite different from watchingTV; there are pictures ______ in your mind instead of beforeyour eyes. A. o form B. form C. forming D. having formed【解析】根据本题提供的语境，“看书时有画面在大脑中形成。”而句中有谓语“there are ”，所以本题应填非谓语动词，可排除B项。又因为“看书的同时就会形成”，排除A、D选项，故选C项作定语。
being done 被动关系 与谓语动作同时进行 ⑦At the beginning of class, the noise of desks ____ could be heard outside the classroom. A. opened and closed B. to be opened and closed C. being opened and closed D. to open and close【解析】参看例⑤。答案C。
done 被动关系 在谓语动作之前发生 ⑧The Town Hall ______ in the 1800’s was the most distinguished building at that time. A. to be completed B. having been completed C. completed D. being completed【解析】参看上面例⑤的简析。答案C。
存在的状态或情况 ⑨—Can those at the back of the classroom hear me —No problem.A. seat B. sit C. seated D. sat 【解析】“sit”为不及物动词，可用“sitting”作定语；“seat”为及物动词，常与反身代词连用或用“be seated”形式。这里“seat”与“those”构成逻辑上的被动关系，故用其过去分词作定语。答案C。
注意：动词不定式尾后的介词不能丢
When I handed the report to John, he said that George was the person ______.
A. to send B. for sending it C. to send it to D. for sending it to
【解析】该题中须用不定式短语作后置定语，排除B 和D；答案A中，没有to就意味着是把George 这个人打发走。本句意思是将该报告送给这个人—George, it 指这个报告,因此to不能少。答案C。
（四）非谓语作状语时的比较
不定式和现在分词做结果状语的比较
不定式 表示没有料到的结果 He hurried to the booking office only _____ that all the tickets has been sold out. A. to be told B. to tell C. told D. telling【解析】“only”后接不定式表示出人意料的结果。 答案A。
现在分词 表示自然而然或必然的结果 ①Oil prices have risen by 32 percent since the start of the year, ______ a record US $57.65 a barrel on April 4.A. have reached B. reaching C. to reach D. to be reaching【解析】从句意来分析, 主句部分表示油价上涨了百分之三十二，逗号后面的内容为油价上涨后的必然结果“达到……记录” 。 答案B。②The storm left ,_____ a lot of damage to this area .A. caused B. to have caused C. to cause D. having caused【解析】因“The storm”与“cause”存在逻辑上的主动关系，故排除选项A；不定式作状语，前面通常不用逗号，排除B、C选项；因暴风雨给这个地区“造成损失”是在“结束”之前, 所以用完成式。答案D。
注意：在too…to do…, enough to do…，so… as to do，such…as to do等结构中不定式表示结果。在in order to do,so as to do结构中不定式表示目的，其中in order和 so as还可以省略。in order引导的目的状语可以位于句首，而so as引导的目的状语则不可以置于句首。
现在分词和过去分词做状语的比较
非谓语 与逻辑主语（即句子的主语）的关系 与谓语动作的时间关系 举 例
现在分词doing形式作状语 主动关系 与谓语动作同时进行 “You can’t catch me!” Janet shouted, _________ away.A. run B. running C. to run D. ran【解析】“running away”在此作“shouted”的伴随状语, 由珍妮特发出这一动作, 故用现在分词。答案B。
现在分词having done形式作状语 主动关系 先于谓语动作发生 to reach them on the phone, we sent an email instead.A. Fail B. Failed C. To fail D. Having failed 【解析】非谓语动词与主语构成主谓关系。且“没有打动电话”在“发电子邮件” 前已经发生。用现在分词主动式的完成式作时间状语。答案D。
现在分词having been done形式作状语 被动关系 先于谓语动作发生 around the Water Cube, we were then taken to see the Bird’s Nest for the 2008 Olympic Games.A. Having shown B. To be shownC. Having been shown D. To show【解析】“show”与“take”之间有明显的时间先后关系，且句子的主语与“show”构成逻辑上的动宾关系，故该空格处用现在完成时的被动形式。答案C。
过去分词作状语 被动关系 已经在过去发生或是不十分强调时间概念 _____ in a white uniform, he looks more like a cook than a doctor. A. Dressed B. To dress C. Dressing D. Having dressed
【解析】“dress”是及物动词，其用法为“dress sb./oneself （表动作）、be dressed in（表状态）”。“dress”与“he”之间存在逻辑上的被动关系, 故用过去分词。答案A。______ into use in April 2000, the hotline was meant for residents reporting water and heating supply breakdowns.
A. Put B. Putting C. Having put D. Being put
【解析】句子的主语是“the hotline”与“投入使用”存在着逻辑 上的被动关系，而且表示过去的事情, 所以排除D项。答案A。
分词（短语）作状语的附着规则
一般情况下分词短语作状语其逻辑主语就是句子的主语, 否则就是“垂悬分词” ①Faced with a bill for $10,000, _______.A. an extra job has been given to John B. the boss has given John an extra job
C. an extra job has been taken D. John has taken an extra job【解析】根据“分词作状语其逻辑主语应与句子主语一致”的原则，只有A项才对。②___ _ with the size of the whole earth, the biggest ocean does not seem big at all. A. Compare B. When comparing C. Comparing D. When compared【解析】分词的逻辑主语为“the biggest ocean”，它不能发出“compare”动作。从“compare A with B”的结构我们可以推断，它们之间存在逻辑上的被动关系，应用过去分词。如选C或B项，则就是“垂悬分词”。答案D。③_________, the more expensive the camera, the better its quality. A. General speaking B. Speaking general C. Generally speaking D. Speaking generally【解析】分词短语独立成分。现在分词短语作为习语不遵守分词的附着规则。答案C。类例：frankly speaking坦白地说，judging from/by...根据……来判断，considering.../taking...into consideration考虑到……，seeing...考虑到……，supposing…假设……、如果……；providing…如果……；provided that…如果……等等不需遵守该附着规则。
五、非谓语动词的特殊结构和句型
独立主格结构与with（without）复合结构
逻辑主语+不定式/现在分词/过去分词 ①The country has already sent up three unmanned spacecraft, the most recent ________at the end of last March.A. has been launched B. having been launched C. being launched D. to be launched 【解析】独立主格结构作状语，排除谓语动词形式，即A项。“the most recent”与“launch”为逻辑上的被动关系，且“launch”在谓语动词之前发生。答案B。②The children went home from the grammar school, their lessons _______ for the day.A. finishing B. finished C. had finished D. were finished【解析】根据句子结构判断，此处为独立主格结构，且功课是被完成，因此用过去分词。答案B。
with(without)+宾语+不定式/现在分词/过去分词 ①—Come on, please give me some ideas about the project.—Sorry. With so much work _______ my mind, I almost break down. A. filled B. filling C. to fill D. being filled【解析】“so much work”与“fill”之间存在逻辑上的主谓关系, 并且强调此时状态, 故用现在分词。答案B。②John received an invitation to dinner, and with his work ______, he gladly accepted it. A. finished B. finishing C. having finished D. was finished【解析】“his work”与“finish”之间逻辑上存在被动关系，用过去分词表示被动且已经完成。答案A。
不定式的特殊结构和句型
不定式符号“ to ”后省略实义动词 ①—What’s the matter with Della —Well, her parents wouldn’t allow her to go to the party, but she still _ _.A. hopes to B. hopes so C. hopes not D. hopes for【解析】在不定式作简略回答时，常常将不定式to之后的内容省略。答案A。②—Would you like to join me for a quick lunch before class — , but I promised Nancy to go out with her.A. I’d like to B.I like it C.I don’t D.I will【解析】简略答语中省略动词，只保留动词不定式符号。答案A。注意：In my opinion, life in the twenty-first century is much easier than .A. that used to be B. it is used to C. it was used to D. it used to be【解析】表示 “过去常常……”用used to do……。本题中be为连系动词，不是实义动词，不能省略。答案D。
主语+be+adj.+to do句型 在该结构中，动词不定式用主动形式表被动意义I like getting up very early in summer. The morning air is so good .A. to be breathed B. to breathe C. breathing D. being breathed【答案】B
Sb./Sth. is/was+过去分词+不定式句型 特别注意不定式形式的变化①—Is Bob still performing
—I’m afraid not. He is said________ the stage already as he has become an official.
A. to have left B. to leave C. to have been left D. to be left ②The flu is believed _____ by viruses that like to reproduce in the cell inside the human nose and throat.A. causing B. being caused C. to be caused D. to have caused
【答案】A C。
动名词的复合结构和否定结构
复合结构 所谓复合结构就是动名词逻辑主语的表示方法：●名词普通格或所有格+doing●代词普通格或所有格+doing●但是动名词作主语时要用代词/名词所有格+doing_____the meeting himself gave them a great deal of encouragement.A. The president will attend B. The president to attendC. The president attended D. The president’s attending【解析】此题为动名词的复合结构在句中作主语，句中“the president’s”为名词所有格充当动名词attending的逻辑主语。答案D。
否定结构 在动名词前加not。●特别注意当动名词带有逻辑主语时，not要加在逻辑主语与动名词之间。即：sb’s not doing，sb’s not having done。①—They are quiet, aren’t they —Yes. They are accustomed________ at meals.A. to talk B. to not talk C. to talking D. to not talking【解析】词组“be accused to （习惯于）”，其中“to”是介词，后跟名词或动名词。动名词的否定式在其前加“not”。答案D。②The news of _______ greatly made us surprised a lot as he was indeed very excellent.
A. not his having elected B. not his being elected
C. his not being elected D. his not having elected【答案】C。
动词的复合结构和否定结构
总结：解非谓语动词试题“有法可依”
第一步：辨别谓语与非谓语
第二步：判断语态
找非谓语的逻辑主语 ：作定语时，被修饰的词是其逻辑主语；
作状语时，句子的主语是其逻辑主语；
作补语时，句子的宾语或主语是其逻辑主语。
在确定逻辑主语之后，分析非谓语动词和逻辑主语之间是主谓还是动宾关系。
第三步：分析时态：根据非谓语自带的时间状语确定时间或根据上下文的语境确定时间。
1.______ several times, but he still doesn’t know how to do it properly.
A. Being shown B. Having shown C. Having been shown D. I’ve shown him
【答案与解析】D 考查谓语和非谓语的判断。后半句有个but,前面应是一个完整的句子，而不是一个分词结构，由此可以看出，只有D项符合要求，如果去掉句中的 ( http: / / gk. / " \o "全品高考网 )but，应该选C。
2.Every student admits that English is actually not easy ________.
A to study B. to be studied C. being studied D. studying
【答案与解析】A 不定式用做状语和被修饰的名词构成动宾关系，同时和主语构成主谓关系时，该不定式用主动形式表示被动含义。
3.With so many things ______, I have to work late into the night.
A. to deal with B. dealt with C. dealing with D. being dealt with
【答案与解析】A 由空格后的部分可以看出，“so many things”很多事情还没有处理，所以用不定式表示将来。句意为：有很多事情有待于处理，我得工作到深夜。
4.If you are the last student ______ the room, remember to turn off the lights.
A. leaving B. to leave C. left D. leaves
【答案与解析】B the + 序数词/ last +名词+ to do sth.为固定用法。句意：如果你最后一个离开教室，请记住关灯。
5.I'd like ___ the games with you but I had extra work to do.
A. to enjoy B. to be enjoyed C. to have enjoyed D. to have been enjoyed
【答案与解析】C 表示“本想去做却没做”，用would like to have done。句意为：我原来打算和你一块去看比赛的 ( http: / / gk. / " \o "全品高考网 )，但是我得加班。
6.Suddenly an idea flashed into her mind and she wanted to put it down immediately, but she couldn’t find any
paper __ .
A. writing on B. to write C. writing D. to write on
【答案与解析】D 非谓语动词作定语，表示的是将要发生的 ( http: / / gk. / " \o "全品高考网 )动作，所以用动词不定式，此外，write为不及物动词，表示在纸上“写”，所以用介词on。
7.______ how mirrors produce image, we need to know what light does.
A. Understanding B. Understood C. To understand D. Having understood
【答案与解析】C 动词不定式作目的状语。句意：要想理解镜子的 ( http: / / gk. / " \o "全品高考网 )成像原理，我们需要知道光的作用。此处是不定式短语作目的 ( http: / / gk. / " \o "全品高考网 )状语。
8.The old lady got up just before sunrise, as she often does, _____along the beach and get some fresh air.
A. walked B. to walk C. walking D. having walked
【答案与解析】B 动词不定式做目的状语。句意：那位老太太和往常一样在日出之前就起床了，为的 ( http: / / gk. / " \o "全品高考网 )是沿着海岸散散步呼吸一下新鲜的空气。
9.He must have been very unlucky .
A. to be rejected B. to have been rejected C. being rejected D. having been rejected
【答案与解析】B 带感彩的 ( http: / / gk. / " \o "全品高考网 )形容词后面要用动词不定式，故排除C和D两项，此外，must have been 是对过去发生事情的推测，也就是说reject早已发生，这里谈论的 ( http: / / gk. / " \o "全品高考网 )是它的结果，所以用不定式的 ( http: / / gk. / " \o "全品高考网 )完成时。
10.So much work needs doing this year, but the one ______ immediately is collecting money for the orphans.
A. done B. to be done C. doing D. being done
【答案与解析】B 句意：今年有很多事情要做，而需要马上做的一件事就是为这些孤儿们筹集善款。表示将要做的 ( http: / / gk. / " \o "全品高考网 )事情，要用动词不定式作定语。done表示已经做完，being done表示某事正在被做。
11.—I regret _____ you John has been fired.
—I can hardly believe my ears. He’s such a fine worker.
A. telling B. having told C. to tell D. to have told
【答案与解析】C 句意：——我遗憾地告诉你约翰已经被解雇了。——我几乎不能相信我的耳朵。他是一个如此好的 ( http: / / gk. / " \o "全品高考网 )工人。regret to tell意为“遗憾地告诉”，符合语境。
12.I feel greatly honored to make a speech in your school.
A. to invite B. inviting C. to be invited D. invited
【答案与解析】 C feel great honored to be invited to do sth意思是：被邀请做某事感到很荣幸。
13.With so many problems ______, Jack looks like a cat on a hot tin roof.
A. solved B. to solve C. solving D. to be solved
【答案与解析】B 动词不定式作宾补的用法。该题 ( http: / / gk. / " \o "全品高考网 )的关键是对俗语“a cat on a hot tin roof（像热锅上的 ( http: / / gk. / " \o "全品高考网 )蚂蚁一样）”的理解。既然是像热锅上的 ( http: / / gk. / " \o "全品高考网 )蚂蚁一样，就说明很多问题有待于解决。谁来解决，当然是句子的主语“Jack”,故选B项。
14.With the couple in a nearby town, the house seems pretty empty most of the time.
A. work B. to work C. working D. worked
【答案与解析】C with复合结构。work 和其逻辑主语the couple是主谓关系，表示现在的 ( http: / / gk. / " \o "全品高考网 )状况，所以用现在分词表主动。句意为：这对夫妻在附近镇上上班，（他们的）房子大部分时间都是空荡荡的 ( http: / / gk. / " \o "全品高考网 )。
15.Principal White has been working in the school for about 20 years, all his energy to teaching and researching as well as the running of a healthy school.
A. devoted B. devoting C. to devote D. and devote
【答案与解析】B devote的逻辑主语就是主句的 ( http: / / gk. / " \o "全品高考网 )主语Principal White, 后面有宾语all his energy，所以用现在分词表伴随。如果去掉后面的all his energy，则要用devoted构成，(be) devoted to结构。
16.________ yourself with positive people and you will keep focused on what you can do instead of what you can’t.
A. Surrounding B. Surrounded C. Surround D. Having surrounded
【答案与解析】A。横线后有宾语yourself，所以用动名词作主语。
17.There is a great deal of evidence________ that music activities engage different parts of the brain.
A. indicate B. indicating C. to indicate D. indicated
【答案与解析】B indicate 意思是：预示、显示。和其逻辑主语evidence为主谓关系，也就是说evidence是indicate的 ( http: / / gk. / " \o "全品高考网 )发出者，所以用现在分词表示主动。
18.In Bangkok severe flooding, many major roads ______ north, towards the areas worst affected by the flooding, were largely impassable.
A. to lead B. leading C. led D. to be led
【答案与解析】B 句意：在曼谷的大洪水中，许多通往北方，向受洪水影响最严重地区的 ( http: / / gk. / " \o "全品高考网 )道路，大部分都无法通行。此处是-ing分词短语作后置定语，修饰roads与lead之间是逻辑上的主谓关系。
19.What does the teacher suggest_________ when we make a mistake？
A. do B. to do C. doing D. did
【答案与解析】Ｃ what 是do 的 ( http: / / gk. / " \o "全品高考网 )宾语，这里构成了suggest doing sth.的就够。句意：当我们犯错误的 ( http: / / gk. / " \o "全品高考网 )时候，老师建议我们怎么做呢？
20.Whenever asked to help me with my lessons，he always refuses，____________ he is too busy.
A. to say B. saying C. says D. having said
【答案与解析】B 无论何时要求他帮助我学习功课，他总是拒绝，说他很忙。saying在句中作伴随状语。
21.Raymond entered college at the age of eighteen, four years later at the head of his class.
A. graduating B. graduated C. to graduate D. having graduated
【答案与解析】A 时间状语four years later可以看出，这是过去的一个动作，所以这里相当于and graduated …，因此用现在分词做结果状语。
22.Linda acts as if she were the boss, ______ people around.
A. ordered B. ordering C. to order D. having ordered
【答案与解析】B 本句的 ( http: / / gk. / " \o "全品高考网 )后半句中应用现在分词短语作状语，Linda和order之间是主谓关系，并且order和谓语动词act之间没有先后关系，因此排除Ｄ选Ｃ。
23.Mr. Bob, ___ as a manager for many years, found it hard to be an ordinary clerk again.
A. having worked B. worked C. to have worked D. working
【答案与解析】A 分词作状语的用法。由后面的 ( http: / / gk. / " \o "全品高考网 )时间状语（for many years）来看，应该用完成式，表示原因。句意为：由于Bob先生当经理已有很多年，发现重新作为一名普通店员很难。
24. by beautiful green mountains and situated at the foot of Huangshan Mountain makes Tai Ping Lake a famous tourist attraction.
A. Surrounded B. Being surrounded C. Having been surrounded D. Surrounding
【答案与解析】B 作主语，要用动名词形式，由语境可知，这里指的是Tai Ping Lake被青山环绕，所以用被动式结构。这里没有强调“完成”的意思，所以排除C项。
25.It is so wet there that the trees are extremely tall, some ________ over 90 metres.
A. measure B. measures C. measuring D. measured
【答案与解析】C measure在这里用作系动词，意思是：有……长(或阔、高等)。measuring相当于some of which measure…。
26.At the press conference Yao Ming announced a personal decision, ___ his career as a basketball player.
A. ending B. to end C. ended D. having ended
【答案与解析】A 分词作定语修饰decision相当于which ended。
27.John received an invitation to dinner, and with his work ________, he gladly accepted it.
A. finished B. finishing C. having finished D. was finished
【答案与解析】A with复合结构。 由语境和常识可知，愉快的 ( http: / / gk. / " \o "全品高考网 )接受邀请是因为工作已经做完，所以用过去分词表示被动和完成的。
28._______ to get a seat for the concert, he didn't mind standing in a queue all night.
A. Determine B. To be determined C. Determined D. Being determined
【答案与解析】C 过去分词作状语，“Determined to get a seat for the concert”相当于“Because he was determined to get a seat for the concert”
29. not to drive after drinking, some drivers are still trying their luck, which is really dangerous.
A. Being reminded B. To remind C. Having reminded D. Reminded
【答案与解析】D 过去分词作状语。remind 和其逻辑主语some drivers是动宾关系，也就是说，司机就是被提醒的。句意：尽管被提醒不要酒后开车，但是一些司机仍然心存侥幸，十分危险。
30.Generally speaking, prices of daily goods ______ through the Internet are lower than store prices.
A. to buy B. are bought C. buying D. bought
【答案与解析】D buy和其逻辑主语goods是动宾关系，也就是说。goods是buy的 ( http: / / gk. / " \o "全品高考网 )接受者，所以应该用过去分词表被动。句意：总的来说，从网上购买的 ( http: / / gk. / " \o "全品高考网 )东西的价格要低于超市购买的 ( http: / / gk. / " \o "全品高考网 )东西的价格。
31.Though _________ to see us, he gave us a warm welcome.
A. surprise B. to be surprised C. surprising D. surprised
【答案与解析】D surprised的逻辑主语就是句子的 ( http: / / gk. / " \o "全品高考网 )主语he，也就是：（he was）surprised to see us.句意：尽管看到我们很惊讶，但是他仍然对我们温暖的热烈的 ( http: / / gk. / " \o "全品高考网 )欢迎。
32.Children ______to difficult situations are better at handling those _____tasks.
A. exposing; challenging B. exposed; challenged
C. exposed; challenging D. exposing; challenged
【答案与解析】C expose…to意思是：让……接触……。宾语children提前，所以用过去分词作定语，表被动；第二空后的tasks是表示物的 ( http: / / gk. / " \o "全品高考网 )名词，所以用challenging，意思是：富有挑战的。
33.Most companies’ marketing effort is focused on getting customers, with little attention ______ to keeping them.
A. paying B. to pay C. paid D. having paid
【答案与解析】C 句意：大部分公司的 ( http: / / gk. / " \o "全品高考网 )营销工作以赢得顾客为中心，而很少注意留住他们。本句的后半句是介词with的 ( http: / / gk. / " \o "全品高考网 )复合结构，attention 和pay之间是动宾关系，所以用过去分词表示被动。
34.Not having done enough practice, he could hardly make himself understood with his ___ English.
A. break B. breaking C. broke D. broken
【答案与解析】D broken English意为：蹩脚的英语，支离破碎的 ( http: / / gk. / " \o "全品高考网 )英语。句意：没有进行足够的训练，他所说的 ( http: / / gk. / " \o "全品高考网 )蹩脚的英语几乎不能让人理解。
35.________ about the student，the teacher called his parents to find out why he was so often absent from class.
A. Concerning B. Concern C. Concerned D. To concern
【答案与解析】C be concerned about意思是：担心……。因为两个部分的 ( http: / / gk. / " \o "全品高考网 )主语一致，所以承后省略了主语和系动词be。句意：因为担心这个学生，老师打电话给他的家长想查明他为什么如此经常的 ( http: / / gk. / " \o "全品高考网 )逃课。
36.Though ______ of danger, sightseers have been flocking to the site where the world’s biggest terrorist Bin Laden lived.
A. warned B. warning C. being warned D. having warned
【答案与解析】A 句意：虽然被警告有危险，但观光者直涌向世界上最大的恐怖分子本·拉登居住的 ( http: / / gk. / " \o "全品高考网 )地方。前半句是“Though they are warned of danger”的省略形式sightseers与warn之间是被动关系。
37.They will have you _______ if you don't pay taxes, because it is everyone's duty to pay taxes.
A . arrest B. arrested C. to be arrested D. being arrested
【答案与解析】B have sb. done sth 中，过去分词表被动，让某人被怎样。这里是被捕，所以选B。而have sb. do sth 让某人去做某事。
38.—Do you think you could get this parcel _____ for me, please —Consider it done!
A. to mail B. mailed C. mailing D. mail
【答案与解析】B 过去分词做宾补的 ( http: / / gk. / " \o "全品高考网 )用法。mail 和其逻辑主语parcel是被动关系，所以用过起分词做宾补，构成get sth. Done的结构。
39.Seventy - two hours passed. More than one hundred workers remained ______ in the coal mine, though fifty had been saved.
A. trapping B. trapped C. to be trapped D. being trapped
【答案与解析】B 由语境可知，工人是被困在煤矿里的，所以用trapped，意思是：被困的 ( http: / / gk. / " \o "全品高考网 )，被陷入的。
40.Not ______ with the quality of your goods, I will certainly not advise others to buy them.
A. to impress B. impressing C. having impressed D. impressed
【答案与解析】D 句意：对你们产品的 ( http: / / gk. / " \o "全品高考网 )质量印象不佳，我当然不会建议其他人购买。impress sb. with sth. 表示“给某人留下深刻印象”，I与impress之间是逻辑上的动宾关系，故用过去分词短语作状语。
在解非谓语习题时同学们遇到最大的困难之一是如何判别是谓语动词还是非谓语动词。
非谓语动词是汉语中没有的语言现象。汉语中几个谓语动词连用而动词不用作任何形式的变化。如：他明天来拜访你。翻译成英语不是He will come visit you，而是He will come to visit you.这里就用了动词不定式to visit。因此同学们要特别注意分析句子的结构。
分 类 不同点 例 句
谓语动词 只能作谓语 ①______ blood if you can and many lives will be saved.A. Giving B. Give C. Given D. To give【解析】如果不注意分析句子结构，有可能会误选A或C项。这是祈使句+and+陈述句的句型。答案B。
非谓语动词 作除谓语之外的任何成分（见下表） ②The traffic rule says young children under the age of four and __ less than 40 pounds must be in a child safety seat.A. being weighed B. weighs C. weighed D. weighing【解析】容易误选B或C项，将其当成谓语看待。“under the age of four and ____ less than 40 pounds”用作“children”的定语。动词“weigh”与名词“children”是主动关系，所以选择答案D项。
二、非谓语动词的语法功能
所能充当的成分 主语 表语 宾语 宾语（主语）补足语 定语 插入语（独立成分）
V-ing形式 现在分词 ●[] [] ●[] ●[] ●
动名词 ● ● ● ●
不定式（to do） ● ● ● ● ● ●
过去分词（done） ● ● ● ●
三、非谓语动词的变化形式
非谓语形式 构成
时态 语态 复合结构 否定式
主动 被动
不定式 一般式 to do to be done for sb. to do sth.或of sb. to do sth. 在“to”前加not或never
进行式 to be doing /
完成式 to have done to have been done
动名词 一般式 doing being done sb.或sb’s doing作主语要用sb’s doing 在前加not特别注意复合结构的否定式： sb’s not doingsb’s not having done
完成式 having done having been done
现在分词 与动名词变化形式相同 / 在前加not
（一）非谓语动词做主语、宾语时的比较
用不定式还是用动名词作宾语有特殊规定
举例 ①I don’t want ____ like I’m speaking ill of anybody, but the manager’s plan is unfair. A. to sound B. to be sounded C. sounding D. to have sounded【解析】want后要跟动词不定式作宾语，sound是连系动词不用被动式，与谓语动词没有时间的先后，故不可用它的完成式。答案A。②It is difficult to imagine his _______the decision without any consideration. A. accept B. accepting C. to accept D. accepted 【解析】imagine要求用动名词作宾语。答案B。
重点 只接不定式做宾语的谓语动词或短语 hope, want, offer, long, fail, expect, wish, ask, decide, pretend, manage, agree, afford, determine, promise, happen，refuse, claim, would love等等
只接动名词做宾语的谓语动词或短语 suggest, risk, devote oneself to（建议冒险去献身）finish, imagine, bear/stand, look forward to（完成想象忍盼望）give up, delay/put off, regret, miss（放弃延期悔失去）insist on/stick to, enjoy/appreciate, feel like, practice（坚持欣赏要实践）pay attention to, excuse, escape/avoid, object to（注意原谅逃/避反对）keep, be/get used to/be accustomed to, mind（保持习惯勿介意）be worth, set about/burst out/get down to, be busy（值得开始将忙乎）
用不定式还是用动名词作宾语都可以，但有区别
举例 In some parts of London, missing a bus means __________for another hour.A. waiting B. to wait C. wait D. to be waiting 【解析】此题意为“在英国的一些地方，如果错过了公交车就意味着再等一个小时。”mean doing sth.意为“意味着什么”，mean to do sth.意为“试图、打算做什么”。答案A。
重点 动词本身意义不变，跟不定式和动名词意义不同 remember to do sth. 记住要做 remember doing sth.记得过去做过forget to do sth. 忘了已做过的事 forget doing sth. 忘记要做某事
动词本身意义改变，跟不定式和动名词意义不同 regret to do sth.对马上要或不做的事表示遗憾regret doing sth.对已发生的事表示遗憾或后悔mean to do sth.打算，想要 mean doing 意味着，意思是try to do sth. 努力做某事 try doing sth. 尝试做某事can’t help doing sth.情不自禁，忍不住can’t help (to) do sth.不能帮忙做某事be considered to have done被认为已经做了consider…to be认为是 consider doing考虑做某事
动词本身意义不变，跟不定式被动式和动名词意义相同 want，need，require接动名词表示被动意义，接不定式就要用被动式，这时主语与动名词之间为动宾关系These young trees require looking after(=to be looked after).
The matter needs thinking over(=to be thought over).
右边这些动词跟动词不定式做目的状语，跟动名词作宾语 stop to do停下来，要做另一件事（不定式作目的状语）stop doing停止做（动名词作宾语）go on to do接着做另一件事（不定式作目的状语）go on doing继续做同一件事（动名词作宾语）
（二）非谓语作宾语补足语时的的比较
理解下表中所列的关系
非谓语 与宾语的逻辑关系 与谓语动作的时间关系
不定式 主动关系 ①在谓语动词后发生②不带to的不定式表示动作的全过程
现在分词 主动关系 同时进行
过去分词 被动关系 动作已经完成或表示状态
举 例
①The teacher asked us _____so much noise. A. don’t make B. not make C. not making D. not to make【解析】在动词“ask”后面用不定式作宾语补足语，其否定形式是“not to do”。答案D。②—Excuse me sir, where is Room 301 —Just a minute. I’ll have Bob ____you to your room. A. show B. shows C. to show D. showing【解析】“have sb. do sth.”意为“命令或安排某人做某事”。根据提供的情景可判断出让Bob带你到房间去。“have sb. doing sth.”表示“使某人一直处于某种状态中”。答案A。③A cook will be immediately fired if he was found ________in kitchen. A. smoke B. smoking C. to smoke D. smoked【解析】“find”后接现在分词作主语补足语。此句中“smoking” 是主语“he”的补足语, 所以称为主语补足语。表示主动的正在发生的事。根据“immediately”可判断出“厨师当场被发现在厨房吸烟会被立即开除”。答案B。④To learn English well, we should find opportunities to hear English as much as we can.A. speak B. speaking C. spoken D. to speak【解析】此处考查“hear+宾语+do/doing/done”的结构。因为English是“被说”，故用“spoken”作宾补，表示被动。答案C 。
注意几个特别的结构
have+宾语+do/doing/done ，get+宾语+to do/doing/done ，catch sb. doing sth（逮住某人干某事）Alexander tried to get his work _______in the medical circles.A. to recognize B. recognizing C. recognize D. recognized 【解析】宾语work与recognize之间存在被动关系，所以用过去分词作宾语补足语。=have+宾语+done的结构。答案D。
（三）非谓语作定语时的比较
形式 与被修饰词的逻辑关系 与谓语动作的时间关系 例 句
to do 动宾关系 在谓语动作后发生 ①If there is a lot of work ___, I’m happy to just keep on until it is finished. A. to do B. to be doing C. done D. doing【解析】“work”和“do”虽然存在逻辑上的动宾关系，但主语“I和“do存在主谓关系，此时用“to do”做后置定语。在“there be”的这个句型中，如果“be”后面的“sth.”要跟上不定式，要用主动形式表示被动，所以选择A项。②When I handed the report to John, he said that George was the person ______.A. to send B. for sending it C. to send it to D. for sending it to 【解析】该题中须用不定式短语作后置定语，排除B 和D选项；答案A项意为“送乔治这个人走”，显然不符合题意。而应该是将报告送给“乔治这个人”才符合题意。“it”指这个报告。后面的介词“to”不能少。答案C。
“the last/next/first...” 后常接不定式作定语，表示主谓关系 在谓语动作前或者后发生 ④—The last one ___________ pays the meal.—Agreed! A. arrived B. arrives C. to arrive D. arriving 【答案】C。
to be done 被动关系 在谓语动作后发生 ⑤The Chinese are proud of the 29th Olympic Games ______in Beijing in 2008. A. hold B. holding C. held D. to be held 【解析】非谓语动词作后置定语的三种情况：the meeting to be held意为“即将召开的会议“；the meeting held意为“已经召开的会议”；the meeting being held是“正在召开的会议”的意思。很显然当年高考时（2006年）“the 29th Olympic Games”还没有召开，故选D。
doing 主动关系 与谓语动作同时进行 ⑥Reading is an experience quite different from watchingTV; there are pictures ______ in your mind instead of beforeyour eyes. A. o form B. form C. forming D. having formed【解析】根据本题提供的语境，“看书时有画面在大脑中形成。”而句中有谓语“there are ”，所以本题应填非谓语动词，可排除B项。又因为“看书的同时就会形成”，排除A、D选项，故选C项作定语。
being done 被动关系 与谓语动作同时进行 ⑦At the beginning of class, the noise of desks ____ could be heard outside the classroom. A. opened and closed B. to be opened and closed C. being opened and closed D. to open and close【解析】参看例⑤。答案C。
done 被动关系 在谓语动作之前发生 ⑧The Town Hall ______ in the 1800’s was the most distinguished building at that time. A. to be completed B. having been completed C. completed D. being completed【解析】参看上面例⑤的简析。答案C。
存在的状态或情况 ⑨—Can those at the back of the classroom hear me —No problem.A. seat B. sit C. seated D. sat 【解析】“sit”为不及物动词，可用“sitting”作定语；“seat”为及物动词，常与反身代词连用或用“be seated”形式。这里“seat”与“those”构成逻辑上的被动关系，故用其过去分词作定语。答案C。
注意：动词不定式尾后的介词不能丢
When I handed the report to John, he said that George was the person ______.
A. to send B. for sending it C. to send it to D. for sending it to
【解析】该题中须用不定式短语作后置定语，排除B 和D；答案A中，没有to就意味着是把George 这个人打发走。本句意思是将该报告送给这个人—George, it 指这个报告,因此to不能少。答案C。
（四）非谓语作状语时的比较
不定式和现在分词做结果状语的比较
不定式 表示没有料到的结果 He hurried to the booking office only _____ that all the tickets has been sold out. A. to be told B. to tell C. told D. telling【解析】“only”后接不定式表示出人意料的结果。 答案A。
现在分词 表示自然而然或必然的结果 ①Oil prices have risen by 32 percent since the start of the year, ______ a record US $57.65 a barrel on April 4.A. have reached B. reaching C. to reach D. to be reaching【解析】从句意来分析, 主句部分表示油价上涨了百分之三十二，逗号后面的内容为油价上涨后的必然结果“达到……记录” 。 答案B。②The storm left ,_____ a lot of damage to this area .A. caused B. to have caused C. to cause D. having caused【解析】因“The storm”与“cause”存在逻辑上的主动关系，故排除选项A；不定式作状语，前面通常不用逗号，排除B、C选项；因暴风雨给这个地区“造成损失”是在“结束”之前, 所以用完成式。答案D。
注意：在too…to do…, enough to do…，so… as to do，such…as to do等结构中不定式表示结果。在in order to do,so as to do结构中不定式表示目的，其中in order和 so as还可以省略。in order引导的目的状语可以位于句首，而so as引导的目的状语则不可以置于句首。
现在分词和过去分词做状语的比较
非谓语 与逻辑主语（即句子的主语）的关系 与谓语动作的时间关系 举 例
现在分词doing形式作状语 主动关系 与谓语动作同时进行 “You can’t catch me!” Janet shouted, _________ away.A. run B. running C. to run D. ran【解析】“running away”在此作“shouted”的伴随状语, 由珍妮特发出这一动作, 故用现在分词。答案B。
现在分词having done形式作状语 主动关系 先于谓语动作发生 to reach them on the phone, we sent an email instead.A. Fail B. Failed C. To fail D. Having failed 【解析】非谓语动词与主语构成主谓关系。且“没有打动电话”在“发电子邮件” 前已经发生。用现在分词主动式的完成式作时间状语。答案D。
现在分词having been done形式作状语 被动关系 先于谓语动作发生 around the Water Cube, we were then taken to see the Bird’s Nest for the 2008 Olympic Games.A. Having shown B. To be shownC. Having been shown D. To show【解析】“show”与“take”之间有明显的时间先后关系，且句子的主语与“show”构成逻辑上的动宾关系，故该空格处用现在完成时的被动形式。答案C。
过去分词作状语 被动关系 已经在过去发生或是不十分强调时间概念 _____ in a white uniform, he looks more like a cook than a doctor. A. Dressed B. To dress C. Dressing D. Having dressed
【解析】“dress”是及物动词，其用法为“dress sb./oneself （表动作）、be dressed in（表状态）”。“dress”与“he”之间存在逻辑上的被动关系, 故用过去分词。答案A。______ into use in April 2000, the hotline was meant for residents reporting water and heating supply breakdowns.
A. Put B. Putting C. Having put D. Being put
【解析】句子的主语是“the hotline”与“投入使用”存在着逻辑 上的被动关系，而且表示过去的事情, 所以排除D项。答案A。
分词（短语）作状语的附着规则
一般情况下分词短语作状语其逻辑主语就是句子的主语, 否则就是“垂悬分词” ①Faced with a bill for $10,000, _______.A. an extra job has been given to John B. the boss has given John an extra job
C. an extra job has been taken D. John has taken an extra job【解析】根据“分词作状语其逻辑主语应与句子主语一致”的原则，只有A项才对。②___ _ with the size of the whole earth, the biggest ocean does not seem big at all. A. Compare B. When comparing C. Comparing D. When compared【解析】分词的逻辑主语为“the biggest ocean”，它不能发出“compare”动作。从“compare A with B”的结构我们可以推断，它们之间存在逻辑上的被动关系，应用过去分词。如选C或B项，则就是“垂悬分词”。答案D。③_________, the more expensive the camera, the better its quality. A. General speaking B. Speaking general C. Generally speaking D. Speaking generally【解析】分词短语独立成分。现在分词短语作为习语不遵守分词的附着规则。答案C。类例：frankly speaking坦白地说，judging from/by...根据……来判断，considering.../taking...into consideration考虑到……，seeing...考虑到……，supposing…假设……、如果……；providing…如果……；provided that…如果……等等不需遵守该附着规则。
五、非谓语动词的特殊结构和句型
独立主格结构与with（without）复合结构
逻辑主语+不定式/现在分词/过去分词 ①The country has already sent up three unmanned spacecraft, the most recent ________at the end of last March.A. has been launched B. having been launched C. being launched D. to be launched 【解析】独立主格结构作状语，排除谓语动词形式，即A项。“the most recent”与“launch”为逻辑上的被动关系，且“launch”在谓语动词之前发生。答案B。②The children went home from the grammar school, their lessons _______ for the day.A. finishing B. finished C. had finished D. were finished【解析】根据句子结构判断，此处为独立主格结构，且功课是被完成，因此用过去分词。答案B。
with(without)+宾语+不定式/现在分词/过去分词 ①—Come on, please give me some ideas about the project.—Sorry. With so much work _______ my mind, I almost break down. A. filled B. filling C. to fill D. being filled【解析】“so much work”与“fill”之间存在逻辑上的主谓关系, 并且强调此时状态, 故用现在分词。答案B。②John received an invitation to dinner, and with his work ______, he gladly accepted it. A. finished B. finishing C. having finished D. was finished【解析】“his work”与“finish”之间逻辑上存在被动关系，用过去分词表示被动且已经完成。答案A。
不定式的特殊结构和句型
不定式符号“ to ”后省略实义动词 ①—What’s the matter with Della —Well, her parents wouldn’t allow her to go to the party, but she still _ _.A. hopes to B. hopes so C. hopes not D. hopes for【解析】在不定式作简略回答时，常常将不定式to之后的内容省略。答案A。②—Would you like to join me for a quick lunch before class — , but I promised Nancy to go out with her.A. I’d like to B.I like it C.I don’t D.I will【解析】简略答语中省略动词，只保留动词不定式符号。答案A。注意：In my opinion, life in the twenty-first century is much easier than .A. that used to be B. it is used to C. it was used to D. it used to be【解析】表示 “过去常常……”用used to do……。本题中be为连系动词，不是实义动词，不能省略。答案D。
主语+be+adj.+to do句型 在该结构中，动词不定式用主动形式表被动意义I like getting up very early in summer. The morning air is so good .A. to be breathed B. to breathe C. breathing D. being breathed【答案】B
Sb./Sth. is/was+过去分词+不定式句型 特别注意不定式形式的变化①—Is Bob still performing
—I’m afraid not. He is said________ the stage already as he has become an official.
A. to have left B. to leave C. to have been left D. to be left ②The flu is believed _____ by viruses that like to reproduce in the cell inside the human nose and throat.A. causing B. being caused C. to be caused D. to have caused
【答案】A C。
动名词的复合结构和否定结构
复合结构 所谓复合结构就是动名词逻辑主语的表示方法：●名词普通格或所有格+doing●代词普通格或所有格+doing●但是动名词作主语时要用代词/名词所有格+doing_____the meeting himself gave them a great deal of encouragement.A. The president will attend B. The president to attendC. The president attended D. The president’s attending【解析】此题为动名词的复合结构在句中作主语，句中“the president’s”为名词所有格充当动名词attending的逻辑主语。答案D。
否定结构 在动名词前加not。●特别注意当动名词带有逻辑主语时，not要加在逻辑主语与动名词之间。即：sb’s not doing，sb’s not having done。①—They are quiet, aren’t they —Yes. They are accustomed________ at meals.A. to talk B. to not talk C. to talking D. to not talking【解析】词组“be accused to （习惯于）”，其中“to”是介词，后跟名词或动名词。动名词的否定式在其前加“not”。答案D。②The news of _______ greatly made us surprised a lot as he was indeed very excellent.
A. not his having elected B. not his being elected
C. his not being elected D. his not having elected【答案】C。
动词的复合结构和否定结构
总结：解非谓语动词试题“有法可依”
第一步：辨别谓语与非谓语
第二步：判断语态
找非谓语的逻辑主语 ：作定语时，被修饰的词是其逻辑主语；
作状语时，句子的主语是其逻辑主语；
作补语时，句子的宾语或主语是其逻辑主语。
在确定逻辑主语之后，分析非谓语动词和逻辑主语之间是主谓还是动宾关系。
第三步：分析时态：根据非谓语自带的时间状语确定时间或根据上下文的语境确定时间。
1.______ several times, but he still doesn’t know how to do it properly.
A. Being shown B. Having shown C. Having been shown D. I’ve shown him
【答案与解析】D 考查谓语和非谓语的判断。后半句有个but,前面应是一个完整的句子，而不是一个分词结构，由此可以看出，只有D项符合要求，如果去掉句中的 ( http: / / gk. / " \o "全品高考网 )but，应该选C。
2.Every student admits that English is actually not easy ________.
A to study B. to be studied C. being studied D. studying
【答案与解析】A 不定式用做状语和被修饰的名词构成动宾关系，同时和主语构成主谓关系时，该不定式用主动形式表示被动含义。
3.With so many things ______, I have to work late into the night.
A. to deal with B. dealt with C. dealing with D. being dealt with
【答案与解析】A 由空格后的部分可以看出，“so many things”很多事情还没有处理，所以用不定式表示将来。句意为：有很多事情有待于处理，我得工作到深夜。
4.If you are the last student ______ the room, remember to turn off the lights.
A. leaving B. to leave C. left D. leaves
【答案与解析】B the + 序数词/ last +名词+ to do sth.为固定用法。句意：如果你最后一个离开教室，请记住关灯。
5.I'd like ___ the games with you but I had extra work to do.
A. to enjoy B. to be enjoyed C. to have enjoyed D. to have been enjoyed
【答案与解析】C 表示“本想去做却没做”，用would like to have done。句意为：我原来打算和你一块去看比赛的 ( http: / / gk. / " \o "全品高考网 )，但是我得加班。
6.Suddenly an idea flashed into her mind and she wanted to put it down immediately, but she couldn’t find any
paper __ .
A. writing on B. to write C. writing D. to write on
【答案与解析】D 非谓语动词作定语，表示的是将要发生的 ( http: / / gk. / " \o "全品高考网 )动作，所以用动词不定式，此外，write为不及物动词，表示在纸上“写”，所以用介词on。
7.______ how mirrors produce image, we need to know what light does.
A. Understanding B. Understood C. To understand D. Having understood
【答案与解析】C 动词不定式作目的状语。句意：要想理解镜子的 ( http: / / gk. / " \o "全品高考网 )成像原理，我们需要知道光的作用。此处是不定式短语作目的 ( http: / / gk. / " \o "全品高考网 )状语。
8.The old lady got up just before sunrise, as she often does, _____along the beach and get some fresh air.
A. walked B. to walk C. walking D. having walked
【答案与解析】B 动词不定式做目的状语。句意：那位老太太和往常一样在日出之前就起床了，为的 ( http: / / gk. / " \o "全品高考网 )是沿着海岸散散步呼吸一下新鲜的空气。
9.He must have been very unlucky .
A. to be rejected B. to have been rejected C. being rejected D. having been rejected
【答案与解析】B 带感彩的 ( http: / / gk. / " \o "全品高考网 )形容词后面要用动词不定式，故排除C和D两项，此外，must have been 是对过去发生事情的推测，也就是说reject早已发生，这里谈论的 ( http: / / gk. / " \o "全品高考网 )是它的结果，所以用不定式的 ( http: / / gk. / " \o "全品高考网 )完成时。
10.So much work needs doing this year, but the one ______ immediately is collecting money for the orphans.
A. done B. to be done C. doing D. being done
【答案与解析】B 句意：今年有很多事情要做，而需要马上做的一件事就是为这些孤儿们筹集善款。表示将要做的 ( http: / / gk. / " \o "全品高考网 )事情，要用动词不定式作定语。done表示已经做完，being done表示某事正在被做。
11.—I regret _____ you John has been fired.
—I can hardly believe my ears. He’s such a fine worker.
A. telling B. having told C. to tell D. to have told
【答案与解析】C 句意：——我遗憾地告诉你约翰已经被解雇了。——我几乎不能相信我的耳朵。他是一个如此好的 ( http: / / gk. / " \o "全品高考网 )工人。regret to tell意为“遗憾地告诉”，符合语境。
12.I feel greatly honored to make a speech in your school.
A. to invite B. inviting C. to be invited D. invited
【答案与解析】 C feel great honored to be invited to do sth意思是：被邀请做某事感到很荣幸。
13.With so many problems ______, Jack looks like a cat on a hot tin roof.
A. solved B. to solve C. solving D. to be solved
【答案与解析】B 动词不定式作宾补的用法。该题 ( http: / / gk. / " \o "全品高考网 )的关键是对俗语“a cat on a hot tin roof（像热锅上的 ( http: / / gk. / " \o "全品高考网 )蚂蚁一样）”的理解。既然是像热锅上的 ( http: / / gk. / " \o "全品高考网 )蚂蚁一样，就说明很多问题有待于解决。谁来解决，当然是句子的主语“Jack”,故选B项。
14.With the couple in a nearby town, the house seems pretty empty most of the time.
A. work B. to work C. working D. worked
【答案与解析】C with复合结构。work 和其逻辑主语the couple是主谓关系，表示现在的 ( http: / / gk. / " \o "全品高考网 )状况，所以用现在分词表主动。句意为：这对夫妻在附近镇上上班，（他们的）房子大部分时间都是空荡荡的 ( http: / / gk. / " \o "全品高考网 )。
15.Principal White has been working in the school for about 20 years, all his energy to teaching and researching as well as the running of a healthy school.
A. devoted B. devoting C. to devote D. and devote
【答案与解析】B devote的逻辑主语就是主句的 ( http: / / gk. / " \o "全品高考网 )主语Principal White, 后面有宾语all his energy，所以用现在分词表伴随。如果去掉后面的all his energy，则要用devoted构成，(be) devoted to结构。
16.________ yourself with positive people and you will keep focused on what you can do instead of what you can’t.
A. Surrounding B. Surrounded C. Surround D. Having surrounded
【答案与解析】A。横线后有宾语yourself，所以用动名词作主语。
17.There is a great deal of evidence________ that music activities engage different parts of the brain.
A. indicate B. indicating C. to indicate D. indicated
【答案与解析】B indicate 意思是：预示、显示。和其逻辑主语evidence为主谓关系，也就是说evidence是indicate的 ( http: / / gk. / " \o "全品高考网 )发出者，所以用现在分词表示主动。
18.In Bangkok severe flooding, many major roads ______ north, towards the areas worst affected by the flooding, were largely impassable.
A. to lead B. leading C. led D. to be led
【答案与解析】B 句意：在曼谷的大洪水中，许多通往北方，向受洪水影响最严重地区的 ( http: / / gk. / " \o "全品高考网 )道路，大部分都无法通行。此处是-ing分词短语作后置定语，修饰roads与lead之间是逻辑上的主谓关系。
19.What does the teacher suggest_________ when we make a mistake？
A. do B. to do C. doing D. did
【答案与解析】Ｃ what 是do 的 ( http: / / gk. / " \o "全品高考网 )宾语，这里构成了suggest doing sth.的就够。句意：当我们犯错误的 ( http: / / gk. / " \o "全品高考网 )时候，老师建议我们怎么做呢？
20.Whenever asked to help me with my lessons，he always refuses，____________ he is too busy.
A. to say B. saying C. says D. having said
【答案与解析】B 无论何时要求他帮助我学习功课，他总是拒绝，说他很忙。saying在句中作伴随状语。
21.Raymond entered college at the age of eighteen, four years later at the head of his class.
A. graduating B. graduated C. to graduate D. having graduated
【答案与解析】A 时间状语four years later可以看出，这是过去的一个动作，所以这里相当于and graduated …，因此用现在分词做结果状语。
22.Linda acts as if she were the boss, ______ people around.
A. ordered B. ordering C. to order D. having ordered
【答案与解析】B 本句的 ( http: / / gk. / " \o "全品高考网 )后半句中应用现在分词短语作状语，Linda和order之间是主谓关系，并且order和谓语动词act之间没有先后关系，因此排除Ｄ选Ｃ。
23.Mr. Bob, ___ as a manager for many years, found it hard to be an ordinary clerk again.
A. having worked B. worked C. to have worked D. working
【答案与解析】A 分词作状语的用法。由后面的 ( http: / / gk. / " \o "全品高考网 )时间状语（for many years）来看，应该用完成式，表示原因。句意为：由于Bob先生当经理已有很多年，发现重新作为一名普通店员很难。
24. by beautiful green mountains and situated at the foot of Huangshan Mountain makes Tai Ping Lake a famous tourist attraction.
A. Surrounded B. Being surrounded C. Having been surrounded D. Surrounding
【答案与解析】B 作主语，要用动名词形式，由语境可知，这里指的是Tai Ping Lake被青山环绕，所以用被动式结构。这里没有强调“完成”的意思，所以排除C项。
25.It is so wet there that the trees are extremely tall, some ________ over 90 metres.
A. measure B. measures C. measuring D. measured
【答案与解析】C measure在这里用作系动词，意思是：有……长(或阔、高等)。measuring相当于some of which measure…。
26.At the press conference Yao Ming announced a personal decision, ___ his career as a basketball player.
A. ending B. to end C. ended D. having ended
【答案与解析】A 分词作定语修饰decision相当于which ended。
27.John received an invitation to dinner, and with his work ________, he gladly accepted it.
A. finished B. finishing C. having finished D. was finished
【答案与解析】A with复合结构。 由语境和常识可知，愉快的 ( http: / / gk. / " \o "全品高考网 )接受邀请是因为工作已经做完，所以用过去分词表示被动和完成的。
28._______ to get a seat for the concert, he didn't mind standing in a queue all night.
A. Determine B. To be determined C. Determined D. Being determined
【答案与解析】C 过去分词作状语，“Determined to get a seat for the concert”相当于“Because he was determined to get a seat for the concert”
29. not to drive after drinking, some drivers are still trying their luck, which is really dangerous.
A. Being reminded B. To remind C. Having reminded D. Reminded
【答案与解析】D 过去分词作状语。remind 和其逻辑主语some drivers是动宾关系，也就是说，司机就是被提醒的。句意：尽管被提醒不要酒后开车，但是一些司机仍然心存侥幸，十分危险。
30.Generally speaking, prices of daily goods ______ through the Internet are lower than store prices.
A. to buy B. are bought C. buying D. bought
【答案与解析】D buy和其逻辑主语goods是动宾关系，也就是说。goods是buy的 ( http: / / gk. / " \o "全品高考网 )接受者，所以应该用过去分词表被动。句意：总的来说，从网上购买的 ( http: / / gk. / " \o "全品高考网 )东西的价格要低于超市购买的 ( http: / / gk. / " \o "全品高考网 )东西的价格。
31.Though _________ to see us, he gave us a warm welcome.
A. surprise B. to be surprised C. surprising D. surprised
【答案与解析】D surprised的逻辑主语就是句子的 ( http: / / gk. / " \o "全品高考网 )主语he，也就是：（he was）surprised to see us.句意：尽管看到我们很惊讶，但是他仍然对我们温暖的热烈的 ( http: / / gk. / " \o "全品高考网 )欢迎。
32.Children ______to difficult situations are better at handling those _____tasks.
A. exposing; challenging B. exposed; challenged
C. exposed; challenging D. exposing; challenged
【答案与解析】C expose…to意思是：让……接触……。宾语children提前，所以用过去分词作定语，表被动；第二空后的tasks是表示物的 ( http: / / gk. / " \o "全品高考网 )名词，所以用challenging，意思是：富有挑战的。
33.Most companies’ marketing effort is focused on getting customers, with little attention ______ to keeping them.
A. paying B. to pay C. paid D. having paid
【答案与解析】C 句意：大部分公司的 ( http: / / gk. / " \o "全品高考网 )营销工作以赢得顾客为中心，而很少注意留住他们。本句的后半句是介词with的 ( http: / / gk. / " \o "全品高考网 )复合结构，attention 和pay之间是动宾关系，所以用过去分词表示被动。
34.Not having done enough practice, he could hardly make himself understood with his ___ English.
A. break B. breaking C. broke D. broken
【答案与解析】D broken English意为：蹩脚的英语，支离破碎的 ( http: / / gk. / " \o "全品高考网 )英语。句意：没有进行足够的训练，他所说的 ( http: / / gk. / " \o "全品高考网 )蹩脚的英语几乎不能让人理解。
35.________ about the student，the teacher called his parents to find out why he was so often absent from class.
A. Concerning B. Concern C. Concerned D. To concern
【答案与解析】C be concerned about意思是：担心……。因为两个部分的 ( http: / / gk. / " \o "全品高考网 )主语一致，所以承后省略了主语和系动词be。句意：因为担心这个学生，老师打电话给他的家长想查明他为什么如此经常的 ( http: / / gk. / " \o "全品高考网 )逃课。
36.Though ______ of danger, sightseers have been flocking to the site where the world’s biggest terrorist Bin Laden lived.
A. warned B. warning C. being warned D. having warned
【答案与解析】A 句意：虽然被警告有危险，但观光者直涌向世界上最大的恐怖分子本·拉登居住的 ( http: / / gk. / " \o "全品高考网 )地方。前半句是“Though they are warned of danger”的省略形式sightseers与warn之间是被动关系。
37.They will have you _______ if you don't pay taxes, because it is everyone's duty to pay taxes.
A . arrest B. arrested C. to be arrested D. being arrested
【答案与解析】B have sb. done sth 中，过去分词表被动，让某人被怎样。这里是被捕，所以选B。而have sb. do sth 让某人去做某事。
38.—Do you think you could get this parcel _____ for me, please —Consider it done!
A. to mail B. mailed C. mailing D. mail
【答案与解析】B 过去分词做宾补的 ( http: / / gk. / " \o "全品高考网 )用法。mail 和其逻辑主语parcel是被动关系，所以用过起分词做宾补，构成get sth. Done的结构。
39.Seventy - two hours passed. More than one hundred workers remained ______ in the coal mine, though fifty had been saved.
A. trapping B. trapped C. to be trapped D. being trapped
【答案与解析】B 由语境可知，工人是被困在煤矿里的，所以用trapped，意思是：被困的 ( http: / / gk. / " \o "全品高考网 )，被陷入的。
40.Not ______ with the quality of your goods, I will certainly not advise others to buy them.
A. to impress B. impressing C. having impressed D. impressed
【答案与解析】D 句意：对你们产品的 ( http: / / gk. / " \o "全品高考网 )质量印象不佳，我当然不会建议其他人购买。impress sb. with sth. 表示“给某人留下深刻印象”，I与impress之间是逻辑上的动宾关系，故用过去分词短语作状语。