广东省中山市2019-2022学年高二下学期英语期末试卷汇编：阅读理解专题（近三年）（含答案）
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广东省中山市2019-2022学年高二下学期英语期末试卷汇编
阅读理解专题
广东省中山市2021-2022学年高二下学期英语期末试卷
第一节 （共15小题；每小题2.5分, 满分37.5分）
阅读下列短文, 从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。
A
Whether you prefer to camp under the stars or teat yourself to a luxury experience, an African adventure is what you make it. A vacation in Africa is fall of wonder - here’s so place quite like it.
Exploring South Africa
Start in Johannesburg and end in Cape Town Get ready for an unparalleled journey through the cultural diversity and abundant wildlife of southern Africa. On 8 deferent safaris, we can seek out the “Big 5”, which are Lions, leopards, elephants, African buffalo, and rhinoceroses. Experience an authentic bush dinner under the stars in Pilanesberg National Park Get a taste of South African culture at local wineries. Witness the natural beauty of Victoria Falls. Greet African elephants and spend time interacting with them in Chobe National Park Search for animals along the winding Chobe River. Epic scenery and winding coastlines come together in an incredible adventure.
Experiencing the Cultures in Egypt
Start and end in Cairo. You have a 10 days tour package taking you through Cairo, Egypt and 5 other destinations in Egypt Discover this ancient civilization steeped in the history of the grand temples of the Gods and their tales of the past This journey through Egypt packs in awe-inspiring culture and adventure in ten energetic days.
Observing Wildlife in Southern Africa
Start and end in Johannesburg. Witness traditional dancing, explore the Okavango Della with a wildlife walk and bush camping, track rhinos on foot in Zimbabwe's Matobo National Park, and capture the "big five" (in photo form of course) in South Africa's Kruger National Park, while camping keeps you close to the incomparable scenery. This quick tour isn't simply a taste of Africa; it's a full-course meal - with seconds.
Touring Nile in Cruise from Luxor
Start in Luxor and end in Aswan. You have a 6 days tour package taking you through Luxor, Egypt and 4 other destinations in Egypt Nile Cruise from Luxor for 5 Nights includes accommodation, an expert guide, meals and more. Find out the beauty and charm of Egyptian river Nile by sailing Nile cruise.
21. What animal can we play with in Chobe National Park
A. Elephants. B. Leopards. C. Lions. D. Rhinoceroses.
22. Which tour is a student of history most likely to choose
A. Exploring South Africa. B. Experiencing the Cultures in Egypt
C. Observing Wildlife in Southern Africa. D. Touring Nile in Cruise from Luxor.
23. Where can we take photos of the five most famous animals in Africa
A. Pilanesberg National Park. B. The Okavango Delta.
C. Zimbabwe's Matobo National Park D. South Africa's Kruger National Park.
B
The Los Angeles Fire Department introduced its newest firefighter, a robot on wheels that can burst out 2500 gallons of water a minute, and go where it's not safe for humans to step in. The bright yellow machine is called RS3, which is short for Robot Solution 3.
“The Los Angeles Fire Department is the first in our country to get this amazing piece of new equipment,” Chief Ralph Terrazas told viewers. The chief said he became aware of the value of (ire fighting robots when he saw one named Colossus on the news. It moved forward into the depths of Noire-Dame de Paris to take up the fight from human firefighters for the roof threatened to collapse. Colossus was widely credited with helping save both lives and the building.
“It got me thinking about the large fires we have here. We had one of those fires downtown early this morning" the chief said of a flame that set fire to two downtown businesses before 130 firefighters, including one who suffered minor injuries, put it out. A similar one last month destroyed a nearly finished apartment building for homeless people. "Sometimes we have to back our firefighters out of the burning building for their safety," Terrazas said. “Then they must fight the fire from the outside, using hook-and-ladder trucks,” he added. "This is effective but takes a long time and uses much more water than we normally do inside the building."
Terrazas said it is not only able to rush into a burning building, but also open a path later for its fellow human firefighters by pushing debris (残骸) out of its way. On a freeway, it can push a car out of the way to get to a burning tanker truck.
24. What made Terrazas decide to introduce RS3 to firefighting
A. Lack of human firefighter In Los Angeles.
B. Huge damage caused by the fire in Notre -Dame de Paris.
C. Application of firefighting robots in other local fire dependents.
D. Colossus's excellent performance in fighting Notre-Dame de Paris fire.
25. Why did Tenrazas mention the fire in downtown Los Angeles
A. To emphasize the scale of the fire.
B. To praise the bravery of firefighters.
C. To indicate the necessity for robot firefighters.
D. To introduce the working environments of firefighters.
26. How can RS3 help human firefighters according to Paragraph 4
A. By clearing the access paths. B. By fetching water from riven.
C. By giving instructions to firefighters. D. By driving a burning tanker truck sway.
27. What is the best title for the text
A. Robot Firefighters Saved Los Angeles
B. Los Angeles's Human Firefighters Are in Trouble
C. Robot Firefighters Gain Nationwide Popularity
D. Los Angeles Welcomes the Nation's First Robot Firefighter
C
Findings of an international team of researchers from Japan and China suggest that geese might have been the first poultry species to have been domesticated （驯养） by humans-as far as back as 7,000 years ago.
Scientists have long held different opinions on the history of the domestication of birds, with a belief that it was chickens that were the first to be domesticated. In 2014, Chinese researchers reported ancient DNA taken from the earliest archaeological chicken bone discovery in China, suggesting chickens were domesticated in northern China as early as 10,000 years ago.
But the researchers behind the latest findings say that the 2014 study lacks firm evidence. In the new study, the team unearthed the archaeological site of Tianluoshan, a 7,000-year-old rice cultivation village in the lower Yangtze River valley in what is today known as East China's Zhejiang province. They found a told of 232 goose bones at the site. The inhabitants of the village were hunter-gatherers.
The researchers used multiple approaches to study （he bones, and （bund evidence of domestication.
Four bones were from goslings （幼鹅） ranging from eight to 16 weeks old, suggesting they hatched near the site. Geese were domesticated from wild geese. These migratory birds fly to northern Siberia to breed （繁殖） after the spring and then fly south for the winter, according to researchers from the Zhejiang Provincial institute of Cultural Relics and Archaeology. They said the goslings were too young to have flown in from elsewhere. At the time, Tianluoshan did not have the conditions to be a natural breeding place for wild geese, so it follows that the goslings were born after domestication.
The researchers also analyzed the chemical makeup of adult goose bones, which contained evidence of the waler they drank Their analysis indicated that the adult geese also seemed to have been locally bred, for they were all roughly the same size. Carbon dating also showed that the bones belonged to geese that lived about 7,000 years ago.
Researchers say ancient DNA analysis is required in further studies to investigate which species were bred to become local geese populations.
28. Where did the researchers find the goose bones
A. In Tianluoshan. B. In northern China.
C. In northern Siberia. D. In the upper Yangtze River valley.
29. What can we learn about the goslings from the study
A. Their parents were wild geese.
B. They were probably raised by humans.
C.-They flew to Tianluoshan for winter.
D. They were too young and had to stay.
30. What's the main idea of Paragraph 5 and Paragraph 6
A. The result of the study. B. The importance of the study.
C. The process of domestication. D. The evidence of domestication.
31. What's the purpose of the passage
A. To show how geese were domesticated by humans.
B. To prove that chickens were not the first to be domesticated.
C. To show a new study on the history of the birds' domestication.
D. Tb introduce how the geese were domesticated from wild geese.
D
Livestreaming （直播带货）is a kind of e-commerce and marketing and sales method. It combines live product demonstrations, time-limited pricing promotions, live negotiations, and instant ordering through online streaming services hosted either by an influencer studio, or online store.
Livestreaming removes barriers between brands and consumers. While it is focused on driving short term sales, livestreaming can enable firms to improve marketing efficiency by combining brand marketing and performance marketing. There are certain factors that will increase the chance of success.
Brands should not use livestreaming as a short-term sales booster but as a long-term way to remove barriers between brands and consumers. Specifically, brands could better demonstrate their products in this way, tell fuller brand stories, introduce emotional and cultural elements to their products, obtain instant feedback, conduct product trials, improve marketing efficiency by combining brand marketing and performance marketing, use different livestream hosts to build a bridge for the consumers and cultivate brand loyalty.
Of course, Livestreaming is not without drawbacks, however. For ads on TV, government has clear rules to forbid brands parading the before-and-after effects of health products. The restrictions are not clear yet for internet-based livestreaming, and health products are frequently promoted by livestreamers. We need to continue to monitor regulatory updates carefully.
As promoting products through live-streaming has been compared to “turning clicks into cash," some people have made illegal profits by creating false prosperity （繁荣） Through the purchase of fake followers to increase shares and comments, some live streamers can falsify their rate of engagement to cheat brands and companies in an effort to win more trust and make more money. Meanwhile, live-streams have also faced issues like the return, refund and exchange of products.
32. What does the author advise the brands to do with Livestreaming
A. To achieve as much sales as possible.
B. To focus more on brand marketing.
C. To remove barriers between brands and consumers.
D. To build a bridge between consumers and government
33. What does the underlined word “parading” probably mean
A. Overstating B. Comparing C. Displaying D. Describing
34. How do live streamers create false prosperity
A. By promoting the products as hard as possible.
B. By creating fake comments and shares.
C. By speaking highly of the brands and firms.
D. By refusing the exchange and the refund of products.
35. What's the author's attitude towards Livestreaming
A. Supportive B. Neutral C. Critical D. Doubtful
广东省中山市2020-2021学年高二下学期英语期末试卷
一、阅读理解
Fiction can be a powerful tool for helping individuals make sense of the real world. Science fiction is no different. In light of that, we have rounded up some of the best sci-fi novels of all time.
Dune
- Author: Frank Herbert
- Date published: 1965
One of the most beloved sci-fi novels of all time, Dune received a theatrical release in 2020. It was not the first time the coming-of-age story about a young man who must fight for his own life as well as the existence of his planet hit the big screen.
The War of the Worlds
- Author: H.G. Wells
- Date published: 1898
The father of science fiction, H.G Wells, wrote this novel, in which a group of aliens (外星人) attacks Earth, destroying everything in their path. When the novel was first turned into radio broadcast in 1938, it caused public panic as many listeners didn’t realize it was fiction.
The Giver
- Author: Lois Lowry
- Date published: 1993
Arguably the most widely read science fiction novel, The Giver follows a young man named Jonas, who is set to become the Receiver of Memory within his society. As his training gets underway, he begins to realize that the society he is in may not be all that perfect.
The Three-Body Problem
- Author: Liu Cixin
- Date published: 2006
Liu Cixin is one of China’s most beloved science fiction authors, and The Three-Body Problem marks English-speaking readers’ first opportunity to engage with his work. In the book, a group of aliens plan to occupy Earth. On Earth, some humans plan to side with the aliens and others plan to fight back.
1．Who is the father of science fiction
A．Frank Herbert. B．H.G. Wells.
C．Lois Lowry. D．Liu Cixin.
2．Which book was written by a Chinese
A．Dune. B．The Giver.
C．The War of the Worlds. D．The Three-Body Problem.
3．What do the four books have in common
A．They help readers to understand the world.
B．They taught young people to fight for life.
C．They were all published in the 90s.
D．They are all about aliens.
Three years ago, CheMyong Jay Ko received a call from a broken-hearted old man saying his dog had just been killed by a truck. He asked: Would it be possible to clone his beloved pet
Having studied cloning for more than 20 years, Ko had a positive answer. He knew a handful of commercial companies that were committed to bringing cloning to ordinary pet owners — for a price, of course. To clone a dog, the owner had to pay $50,000 before taxes. The high price turned the old man off, but not some wealthy pet owners. The most famous is Barbara Streisand. The singer had two dogs cloned from cells taken from the mouth of her white deceased Sammie.
As Streisand wrote later, “I was so shocked by the loss of my beloved Sammie, after 14 years together, that I just wanted to keep her with me in some way. It was easier to let Sammie go if I knew I could keep some part of her alive, something that came from her DNA．”
If you spend enough time reading about pet cloning, you’ll see that adjective come up over and over again: beloved. When people clone their animals, they do so because they love them — and because they can’t stand losing them forever. The price of $50,000 may seem reasonable if it saves you the immeasurable pain of saying goodbye to a beloved family member.
Talk to experts about cloning, however, and you’ll begin to realize that cloning has far more problems than money. For example, there would be significant differences between the clone and the original pet, both in their looks and personality. Even Streisand admitted, “You can clone the look of a dog, but you can’t clone the soul.”
4．Why did the old man call Ko
A．To save his dog. B．To seek comfort.
C．To have his pet cloned. D．To share heartbreaking news.
5．What does the underlined word “deceased” in Paragraph 2 mean
A．Cute. B．Dead.
C．Cloned. D．Disabled.
6．Streisand’s words in Paragraph 3 serve as ________.
A．an example of cloned pets
B．an analysis of how she kept her dog alive
C．an explanation why people clone their pets
D．a description her mixed feelings about cloning
7．What can be inferred about cloned animals from the last paragraph
A．They may fail to meet people’s expectations.
B．They improve on the original in personality.
C．They may bring experts serious problems.
D．They look the same as the original.
More than 80% of adolescents worldwide are not active enough, putting their health at risk by sitting focused on a screen rather than running about, say World Health Organization (WHO) researchers
The proportion of inadequate active girls in 27 countries rose to more than 90% in 2016, the latest year for which figures are available. There was a significant gender gap. Girls lag behind boys in physical activity, in all but four countries- Afghanistan, Samoa, Tonga and Zambia.
The WHO says the situation is serious and that urgent action must be taken to get adolescents moving, with inactivity posing a great threat to their current and future health. Physical activity is important to the development of bone, muscular strength, and heart and lung health. It helps young people avoid obesity, heart disease, cancers and diabetes (糖尿病) . There is growing evidence that it helps cognitive (认知的) development.
“This is not the good start in life that we would want for our children and adolescents,” said Bull.“The data are worrying for all-parents, the community and the health system.”
Although schools provide sports, they are often under pressure. But Bull said communities and sporting associations can help, and towns can be better planned to encourage active living. Parental encouragement and providing a role model is also valuable.
Besides, a culture change is required, according to the WHO global action plan on physical activity, because there are disadvantages and unintended consequences to the use of digital media. It involves excessive (过度的) amounts of time spent on phones, laptops and gaming devices. The electronic revolution has fundamentally transformed people’s movement patterns by changing where and how they live, learn, work, play and travel. Gradually and eventually, it isolates people indoors.
8．Why do so many adolescents have healthy problems
A．They are not active enough. B．They like to run about.
C．They are used to sitting. D．They often risk travelling.
9．In which country do less girls take part in physical activities than boys
A．Afghanistan. B．Samoa.
C．Zambia. D．China.
10．Which benefit of physical activity is still uncertain
A．Development of bone. B．Muscular strength.
C．Heart and lung health. D．Cognitive development.
11．What is WHO’s attitude to the use of digital media
A．Unconcerned. B．Favorable.
C．Worried. D．Objective.
A new experiment shows that the more energy consumed by a clock, the more accurate its timekeeping.
Clocks consume energy and release heat. A kitchen clock, for example, does this by using up its battery. Generally the most accurate clocks require the most energy, which suggests a fundamental connection between energy consumption and accuracy. This is what an international team of scientists from Lancaster. Oxford, and Vienna set out to test.
To do this, they built a particularly simple clock, consisting of a super-thin membrane (薄膜), combined with an electronic circuit. Each vibration (振动) of the membrane generated one electrical tick (滴答). The inventive aspect of this design is that it is powered simply by heating the membrane, while the complete flow of energy through the clock can be measured electrically.
The scientists found that the more heat they supplied, the more accurately the clock ran. In fact, the accuracy was directly relative to the heat released. To make the clock twice as accurate, they needed to supply twice as much heat.
The experiment shows a similarity between the operation of a clock and a steam engine. With a steam engine there is fundamental restriction on how much heat we must supply to do a desired amount of work. This restriction is the famous Second Law of Thermodynamics (热力学) which is central to modern engineering. What this experiment suggests is that clocks, like engines, are restricted by the Second Law, with their output being accurate ticks instead of mechanical work.
Dr Edward Laird of Lancaster University said: “This experiment suggests that clocks are also restricted by thermodynamics. It also poses an interesting question: are all possible clocks limited in this way, or is it just a characteristic of the ones we have studied ”
Interestingly, many everyday clocks have an efficiency that is close to what the scientists’ analysis predicts. For example, their analysis predicts that a wristwatch whose accuracy per tick is one part in ten million must consume at least a microwatt of power. In fact, a basic wristwatch usually consumes only a few times this amount. The laws of thermodynamics, discovered in the nineteenth century, are still finding new applications today.
12．What do the scientists want to test about clocks
A．Whether to restrict their heat supply.
B．How energy influences their accuracy.
C．How to make them particularly simple.
D．Whether they are similar to steam engines.
13．In what way do clocks work differently from steam engines according to the experiment
A．The restriction from the Second Law.
B．The law behind their operation.
C．The accuracy of their work.
D．The form of their output.
14．What will Dr Edward Laird most likely agree with
A．Further studies should be done.
B．More questions should be raised.
C．Restrictions on clocks should be lifted.
D．Suggestions of the experiment should be adopted.
15．What is the article mainly about
A．The Second Law of Thermodynamics.
B．The energy consumption of clocks.
C．A new experiment.
D．A simple clock.
广东省中山市2019-2020学年高二下学期英语期末试卷
一、阅读理解
Technology never stops moving. These inventions will be here sooner than you think, so it’s best to get your wallet ready for them.
5G networks will bring the Internet everywhere
The most exciting thing about 5G is that it will be a full-on broadband internet service, meaning that instead of having one service for your mobile devices and one for home internet, you’ll be able to get home 5G and take it with you, as well. That also means less reliance（依赖） on wi-fi.
Smart needles will detect cancer in moments
Right now, most cancers aren’t detected until something goes wrong, which is what the smart needle hopes to change. Cancerous tissue and healthy tissue reflect light differently, according to Medical Xpress. The way the smart needle works is by shining light through the tissue in question and then quickly calculating if the tissue is sick or healthy. It takes seconds, and without painful operations.
People will be able to feel things in virtual reality
Virtual reality (VR) and augmented reality (AR) attracted a lot of attention in the last decade, but things will only get more interesting from here, starting with the ability to touch and feel the things we see through all the various kinds of computer-generated pictures.
Plant-based meat is going to grow in new ways
2019 was the year of plant-based meats, with Beyond Meat introducing burgers that tasted just about the same as actual beef, but made entirely out of plants. The company is planning to improve the flavor of its meat as time goes on. In the near future, mankind is looking at the possibility of completely animal-free meats of all kinds.
1．How does the smart needle work
A．By sending out light. B．By calculating time.
C．By performing operations. D．By changing cancerous tissue.
2．What are the burgers produced by Beyond Meat made of
A．Beef. B．Flour. C．Plants. D．Animal meat.
3．What do the four things have in common
A．All of them are already on the market.
B．All of them are inventions on the way.
C．All of them attracted a lot of attention.
D．All of them rely heavily on the Internet.
Dear Dale,
I want to be closer to my mom, but whenever I try to share things with her, she doesn’t understand. Skyline
Dear Skyline,
As we grow up, our interests change a lot. As a teenager, it may just be that your mom and you don’t share the same interests right now. It’s normal for the relationship between teenagers and their parents to become distant for a short while.
If you don’t think your mom understands you or your interests, why not try to get involved in some of hers If she has a hobby, try to join in with it. For example, if she’s a good cook, ask her to teach you some recipes. If she likes running, go for a run with her.
Likewise（同样地）, try to get her involved in the things that you do often. Invite her to go to the movies or to coffee together, or ask her to help you study some time.
Another great way to get to know your mom better is to ask her about her childhood. My mother has lots of great tales about being a teenager in the 1960s, and hearing her share them and laughing at her funny memories always brings us closer together. Ask your mom about her life as a teenager too I bet she’d love to share her stories
There could be many reasons that your mom might seem too busy to do things with you. She could just be tired from a long day of work, or she may have a problem of her own that’s affecting how she acts toward others.
Whatever happens, don’t worry. She loves you and always will. And hopefully one day soon, you will both understand each other perfectly.
4．What is Skyline’s problem
A．She doesn’t live close to her mom.
B．She doesn’t share things with her mom.
C．Her mom is too busy to spend time with her.
D．Her mom doesn’t understand her.
5．What does Dale think of Skyline’s problem
A．Typical. B．Unusual. C．Strange. D．Tough.
6．Why does Dale advise Skyline to ask her mom about her childhood
A．To encourage her mom to talk to her.
B．To give her mom time to think of the past.
C．To help her know more about her mom.
D．To get her a chance to laugh at her mom.
7．What can we infer from Paragraph 5 of Dale’s letter to Skyline
A．Skyline’s mom has a problem of her own.
B．Skyline’s mom probably isn’t a good mother.
C．Skyline is badly treated by her mom at home.
D．Skyline probably doesn’t understand her mom.
For decades, China had wanted a Nobel Prize in science. Tu Youyou, a researcher who helped to develop a malaria（疟疾）medicine, finally won the country that honor.
In fact, Tu is not the only scientist in China who is catching the world’s attention. In 2016, the Nature journal published a list of the top 10 science stars in China. Gao Caixia and Cui Weicheng are two of them.
Gao Caixia has been devoted to genetic engineering for her whole career. She is known for using CRISPR-Cas9, the revolutionary gene-editing technique that is sweeping through biology labs around the world – in crops.
At first, Gao was unwilling to take up gene editing using CRISPR-Cas9 because her lab at the Chinese Academy of Sciences’ Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology in Beijing had already created mutations（变异）in 82 genes using an older type of technology. But after thinking carefully about it, she decided to give it a try.
After a year of hard work, her lab finally succeeded. Gao worked on genetic engineering in wheat, a crop that is famous for being difficult to work with. Now she is considered one of the best in the world at engineering wheat.
Cui Weicheng is the developer of China’s record-setting Jiaolong submersibl（e 潜水器）. He is now a professor at Westlake University. In 2012, Cui rode inside China’s Jiaolong submersible and reached a depth of more than 7,000 meters in the Pacific.
Thanks to Jiaolong and the 57-year-old developer, China is now one of only a few nations that can explore the deep sea. Jiaolong can travel deeper than any other manned research submersible currently in use, which shows China’s increasing ambition and leadership in deep-sea research.
8．Why is Tu Youyou mentioned at the beginning of the passage
A．To show one of China’s long-held dreams.
B．To stress the importance of the Nobel Prize.
C．To praise Tu Youyou for her contributions.
D．To introduce more top Chinese scientists.
9．Why did Gao Caixia work on wheat
A．Because she failed in her attempt to study other crops.
B．Because she was expert at wheat engineering.
C．Because wheat is hard to be genetically engineered.
D．Because wheat is the most widely planted crop in China.
10．What is Cui Weicheng’s biggest contribution to China
A．He teaches about sea at a university.
B．He developed Jiaolong submersible.
C．He is devoted to genetic engineering.
D．He reached the bottom of the ocean.
11．What is the best title for the passage
A．China’s Science Stars B．China’s Nobel Prize Dream
C．Gao Caixia－China’s Crop Engineer D．Cui Weicheng－China’s Deep Diver
People do better when more is expected of them. In education circles, this is called the Pygmalion Effect.
The Pygmalion effect got its name from the story of Pygmalion, a mythica（虚构的）Greek sculptor. Pygmalion carved a statue of a woman and then fell in love with it. He appealed to Aphrodite, the goddess of love, who brought the statue to life and helped the couple get married. Just as Pygmalion’s fixation on the statue brought it to life, our focus on a student can do the same in schools. Research by Robert Rosenthal and Lenore Jacobson examined the influence of teachers’ expectations on students’ performance. They began by testing the IQ of elementary school students. Teachers were told that the IQ test showed around one-fifth of their students to be unusually intelligent. But unknown to the teachers, the “gifted” students were chosen at random. Actually they had no big statistical advantage over the other kids. As the study period ended, all students had their IQs retested. Both groups showed an improvement. Yet those who were described as intelligent experienced much greater gains in their IQ points. Rosenthal and Jacobson owed this result to the Pygmalion effect. Teachers paid more attention to “gifted” students, offering more support and encouragement than they would otherwise.
In general, teachers have the power to influence how the students behave by holding high expectations. If a teacher thinks a student is brilliant, they will treat them as such. The student then gets more opportunities to develop their ability, and their performance improves. This works both ways. When a student expects a teacher to be excellent or successful, they tend to be attentive and supportive. In the process, they improve their performance, too. Students who act interested in lectures create interesting lecturers.
12．Where did the Pygmalion effect get its name from
A．A statue of a lady. B．The goddess of love.
C．A character in a literary work. D．The story made up by Pygmalion.
13．The underlined expression “fixation on” in Paragraph 2 most probably means
A．worship of B．affection for C．marriage to D．sympathy for
14．What is the purpose of Rosenthal and Jacobson’s research
A．To improve the kids’ IQ. B．To pick out gifted students.
C．To expand teachers’ influence. D．To examine the Pygmalion effect.
15．What can students do to make a teacher excellent
A．Support the teacher by treating them as excellent.
B．Attend interesting lectures given by the teacher.
C．Work hard to get prepared for opportunities.
D．Show great interest in lectures on acting.
参考答案：
广东省中山市2021-2022学年高二下学期英语期末试卷
21-23 ABD
24-27 DCAD
28-31 ABDC
32-35 CABB
广东省中山市2020-2021学年高二下学期英语期末试卷
1．B
2．D
3．A
【解析】
【分析】
本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了有史以来最好的四本科幻小说。
1．
细节理解题。根据The War of the Worlds中的“The father of science fiction, H.G Wells, wrote this novel, in which a group of aliens (外星人) attacks Earth, destroying everything in their path.( 科幻小说之父H.G Wells写了这部小说，讲述了一群外星人袭击地球，摧毁了他们所到之处的一切。)”可知，H.G Wells是科幻小说之父。故选B。
2．
细节理解题。根据The Three-Body Problem中的“Liu Cixin is one of China’s most beloved science fiction authors, and The Three-Body Problem marks English-speaking readers’ first opportunity to engage with his work. (刘慈欣是中国最受欢迎的科幻小说作家之一，《三体》标志着英语读者第一次有机会接触到他的作品。)”可知，科幻小说《三体》是中国人写的。故选D。
3．
细节理解题。根据文章第一段“Fiction can be a powerful tool for helping individuals make sense of the real world. (小说可以是帮助个人理解现实世界的强大工具。)”可知，这四本书共同点是帮助读者了解世界。故选A。
4．C
5．B
6．C
7．A
【解析】
【分析】
本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了人们克隆动物的原因以及克隆动物的缺陷。
4．
细节理解题。根据第一段“Three years ago, CheMyong Jay Ko received a call from a broken-hearted old man saying his dog had just been killed by a truck. He asked: Would it be possible to clone his beloved pet (三年前，CheMyong Jay Ko接到一个伤心的老人的电话，说他的狗刚被一辆卡车撞死。他问：有可能克隆他心爱的宠物吗？)”可知，那老人给Ko打电话是为了克隆他的宠物。故选C。
5．
词句猜测题。根据后文“As Streisand wrote later, “I was so shocked by the loss of my beloved Sammie, after 14 years together, that I just wanted to keep her with me in some way.(正如Streisand后来写道：“我深爱的Sammie和我在一起14年，她的去世让我非常震惊，我只想以某种方式把她留在我身边。”)”可知，Streisand是通过她已故的白色的Sammie的嘴里取出的细胞中克隆了两只狗。由此推知，划线词deceased为“已故的”之意。故选B。
6．
推理判断题。根据第三段“I was so shocked by the loss of my beloved Sammie, after 14 years together, that I just wanted to keep her with me in some way. It was easier to let Sammie go if I knew I could keep some part of her alive, something that came from her DNA.(我深爱的Sammie和我在一起14年，她的去世让我非常震惊，我只想以某种方式把她留在我身边。如果我知道我能保留她的一部分，从她的DNA中提取的东西，让Sammie离开会更容易些)”可推断，Streisand在第三段中的话是解释为什么人们克隆宠物。故选C。
7．
推理判断题。根据最后一段“there would be significant differences between the clone and the original pet, both in their looks and personality. Even Streisand admitted, “You can clone the look of a dog, but you can’t clone the soul.”( 克隆人和原来的宠物在外表和个性上都有显著的不同。就连Streisand也承认，“你可以克隆狗的外貌，但你克隆不了灵魂。”)”可推断，克隆动物他们可能不能满足人们的期望。故选A。
8．A
9．D
10．D
11．C
【解析】
【分析】
本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了目前青少年的生命健康的现状、运动的好处和数字媒体对青少年的不利影响。
8．
细节理解题。根据第一段“More than 80% of adolescents worldwide are not active enough, putting their health at risk by sitting focused on a screen rather than running about, say World Health Organization (WHO) researchers（世界卫生组织(WHO)的研究人员称，全球超过80%的青少年没有足够的活动，整天盯着屏幕而不是跑来跑去，给他们的健康带来了风险）”可知，这么多青少年有健康问题的原因是他们的活动不够。故选A。
9．
细节理解题。根据第二段“Girls lag behind boys in physical activity, in all but four countries- Afghanistan, Samoa, Tonga and Zambia.（除了阿富汗、萨摩亚、汤加和赞比亚这四个国家外，其他国家的女孩在体育活动方面都落后于男孩）”可知，利用排除法，在中国，女孩参加体育活动比男孩少。故选D。
10．
细节理解题。根据第三段“Physical activity is important to the development of bone, muscular strength, and heart and lung health. It helps young people avoid obesity, heart disease, cancers and diabetes (糖尿病) . There is growing evidence that it helps cognitive (认知的) development.（体育活动对骨骼、肌肉力量和心肺健康的发展很重要。它帮助年轻人避免肥胖、心脏病、癌症和糖尿病。越来越多的证据表明它有助于认知能力的发展）”可推断，体育活动对认知发展的好处仍然不确定。故选D。
11．
推理判断题。根据最后一段“Besides, a culture change is required, according to the WHO global action plan on physical activity, because there are disadvantages and unintended consequences to the use of digital media.（此外，根据世界卫生组织关于体育活动的全球行动计划，需要进行文化变革，因为使用数字媒体存在不利因素和意想不到的后果）”可推断，世界卫生组织对使用数字媒体持担忧态度。故选C。
12．B
13．D
14．A
15．C
【解析】
【分析】
本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了一项有关时钟的能量如何影响它们的准确性新实验。
12．
细节理解题。根据第三段“The scientists found that the more heat they supplied, the more accurately the clock ran. In fact, the accuracy was directly relative to the heat released.(科学家们发现，他们提供的热量越多，时钟运行得就越准确。事实上，精度直接与释放的热量有关)”可知，科学家们想要测试钟表能量如何影响它们的准确性。故选B。
13．
细节理解题。根据第五段“With a steam engine there is fundamental restriction on how much heat we must supply to do a desired amount of work. This restriction is the famous Second Law of Thermodynamics (热力学) which is central to modern engineering. What this experiment suggests is that clocks, like engines, are restricted by the Second Law, with their output being accurate ticks instead of mechanical work.(对于蒸汽机，我们必须提供多少热量来做期望的功是有基本限制的。这一限制就是著名的热力学第二定律，它对现代工程至关重要。这个实验表明，时钟就像引擎一样，受到第二定律的限制，它们的输出是精确的滴答声，而不是机械功)”可知，时钟和蒸汽机的输出形式不同。故选D。
14．
推理判断题。根据倒数第二段“Dr Edward Laird of Lancaster University said: “This experiment suggests that clocks are also restricted by thermodynamics. It also poses an interesting question: are all possible clocks limited in this way, or is it just a characteristic of the ones we have studied ”(兰开斯特大学的爱德华·莱尔德博士说:“这个实验表明，时钟也受到热力学的限制。这也提出了一个有趣的问题:是否所有可能的时钟都以这种方式受限，或者这只是我们所研究的那些时钟的特征？”)”可推断，爱德华·莱尔德博士最可能同意需要做进一步的研究。故选A。
15．
主旨大意题。根据第一段“A new experiment shows that the more energy consumed by a clock, the more accurate its timekeeping.(一项新的实验表明，一个时钟消耗的能量越多，它的计时就越准确)”及全文可知，本文主要介绍的是一项新的实验的过程和结果。故选C。
广东省中山市2019-2020学年高二下学期英语期末试卷
1．A
2．C
3．B
【解析】
【分析】
本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了四项即将到来的发明。
1．
细节理解题。根据Smart needles will detect cancer in moments部分的The way the smart needle works is by shining light through the tissue in question and then quickly calculating if the tissue is sick or healthy.可知，这种智能针的工作原理是用光线照射有问题的组织，然后迅速计算出组织是生病了还是健康的。故选A。
2．
细节理解题。根据Plant-based meat is going to grow in new ways部分的2019 was the year of plant-based meats, with Beyond Meat introducing burgers that tasted just about the same as actual beef, but made entirely out of plants.( 2019年是植物性肉类的一年，Beyond Meat推出了味道和真正的牛肉差不多的汉堡，但完全由植物制成)可知，Beyond Meat生产的汉堡是用植物做的。故选C。
3．
推理判断题。根据第一段的These inventions will be here sooner than you think, so it's best to get your wallet ready for them.（这些发明将比你想象的更早到来，所以最好准备好你的钱包。）及下文对四项发明的介绍可推知，这些发明都是即将到来的发明。故选B。
4．D
5．A
6．C
7．D
【解析】
【分析】
本文是应用文。Skyline关于母亲不能理解她的问题向Dale寻求建议。
4．
细节理解题。根据第一段的I want to be closer to my mom, but whenever I try to share things with her, she doesn’t understand.（我想和妈妈更亲近，但是每当我想和她分享一些事情的时候，她总是不理解）可知，Skyline的问题是她妈妈不理解她。故选D。
5．
细节理解题。根据第二段的It’s normal for the relationship between teenagers and their parents to become distant for a short while.可知，青少年与父母的关系暂时疏远是很正常的。故选A。
6．
细节理解题。根据第五段的Another great way to get to know your mom better is to ask her about her childhood.（另一个更好地了解你妈妈的好方法是问她关于她的童年）可知，Dale建议Skyline问她妈妈关于她的童年是为了帮助她更多地了解她妈妈。故选C。
7．
推理判断题。根据第二封信的第五段可知，Dale告诉Skyline可能有很多原因她感觉她妈妈不理解她，她的妈妈可能太忙了，没有时间和她一起做事情。她可能只是累了一天的工作，或者她自己的问题影响了她对他人的行为。因此推断Skyline很可能不理解她的妈妈。故选D。
8．D
9．C
10．B
11．A
【解析】
【分析】
本文是一篇说明文，本文讲述了屠呦呦并不是中国唯一一个引起世界关注的科学家。《自然》杂志发布了中国十大科学明星名单。高彩霞和崔伟成就是其中的两位。
8．
细节理解题。由文章的第二段 ”In fact, Tu is not the only scientist in China who is catching the world’s attention. In 2016, the Nature journal published a list of the top 10 science stars in China. Gao Caixia and Cui Weicheng are two of them.”可知后文主要讲的是中国科学家高彩霞和崔伟的主要贡献。故D项：介绍更多中国顶尖科学家，为正确答案。A项：展示中国长期以来的一个梦想；B项：强调诺贝尔奖的重要性；C项：表扬屠呦呦的贡献；均不合题意。故答案为D项。
9．
推理判断题。本题题干意为：为什么高彩霞致力于小麦的研究 由文章第三段“At first, Gao was unwilling to take up gene editing using CRISPR-Cas9 because her lab at the Chinese Academy of Sciences’ Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology in Beijing had already created mutations（变异）in 82 genes using an older type of technology. But after thinking carefully about it, she decided to give it a try.”可知起初,高不愿意采用基因编辑使用CRISPR-Cas9因为她所在实验室--中国科学院的研究所的遗传学和发育生物学已经在在82个基因中使用一个旧的技术创建突变(变异)。但仔细考虑之后，她决定试一试。故C项：因为小麦很难被基因改造，为正确选项。A项：因为她在研究其他作物的尝试中失败了。B项：因为她是小麦工程方面的专家。D项：因为小麦是中国种植最广泛的作物。均不合题意。故答案为C。
10．
细节理解题。本题题干为：崔伟成对中国最大的贡献是什么 根据文章根据第六段Cui Weicheng is the developer of China’s record-setting Jiaolong submersible（潜水器）以及最后一段崔伟成的发明对中国的影响来看，B项：他研制了蛟龙潜水器为正确答案，A项：他在一所大学教海洋。C项：格瓦拉致力于基因工程。D项：他到达了海底。均不合题意。故答案为B。
11．
考查主旨大意。本题题干意为：文章最好的标题是什么？本文讲述了中国高彩霞和崔伟两位科学家及其成就。故A项：中国的科学明星为正确答案； B项：中国的诺贝尔奖梦（主题扩大）；C项：高彩霞——中国的农作物工程师 （以偏概全）；D项：崔伟成——中国的深水潜水员（以偏概全）。故答案为A。
12．C
13．B
14．D
15．A
【解析】
【分析】
这是一篇说明文。当人们对他们期望更多时，他们会做得更好。在教育界，这被称为皮格马利翁效应。这种效应在教师与学生也能起到作用，如果一个老师认为一个学生很聪明，他们就会这样对待他们。学生会得到更多的机会来发展他们的能力，他们的表现也会提高。当一个学生期望一个老师是优秀的或成功的，他们往往是关注和支持老师。
12．
细节理解题。根据文章第一段The Pygmalion effect got its name from the story of Pygmalion, a mythica（虚构的）Greek sculptor. 可知，皮格马利翁效应得名于希腊神话雕塑家皮格马利翁的故事。由此可以看出，皮格马利翁效应是来自希腊神话，也就是文学作品中的人物。故选C。
13．
词句猜测题。根据文章第二段Pygmalion carved a statue of a woman and then fell in love with it. He appealed to Aphrodite, the goddess of love, who brought the statue to life and helped the couple get married. Just as Pygmalion’s fixation on the statue brought it to life, our focus on a student can do the same in schools. 可知，皮格马利翁雕刻了一个女人的雕像，然后爱上了它。他向爱神阿芙罗狄蒂求助，阿芙罗狄蒂将雕像复活，并帮助这对夫妇结婚。正如皮格马利翁对雕像的fixation使它栩栩如生，我们对学生的关注也能在学校里起到同样的作用。由此可以推出，fixation on与fell in love with 以及focus on 相呼应，所以affection for对……的喜爱；对……的情感符合题意，所以fixation on的大概意为对……的喜爱；对……的情感。故选B。
14．
推理判断题。根据文章Research by Robert Rosenthal and Lenore Jacobson examined the influence of teachers’ expectations on students’ performance. They began by testing the IQ of elementary school students. Teachers were told that the IQ test showed around one-fifth of their students to be unusually intelligent. But unknown to the teachers, the “gifted” students were chosen at random. Actually they had no big statistical advantage over the other kids. As the study period ended, all students had their IQs retested. Both groups showed an improvement. Yet those who were described as intelligent experienced much greater gains in their IQ points. Rosenthal and Jacobson owed this result to the Pygmalion effect. Teachers paid more attention to “gifted” students, offering more support and encouragement than they would otherwise.可知，罗伯特·罗森塔尔和莱诺·雅各布森的研究考察了教师期望对学生成绩的影响。他们首先测试小学生的智商。老师们被告知，智商测试显示大约五分之一的学生异常聪明。但老师们并不知道，这些“天才”学生是随机挑选出来的。事实上，他们在统计上没有比其他孩子大的优势。研究结束后，所有的学生都重新测试了他们的智商。两组都有改善。然而，那些被描述为聪明的人在智商方面获得了更大的提高。罗森塔尔和雅各布森将这个结果归功于皮格马利翁效应。教师对“天才”学生给予了更多的关注，给予了更多的支持和鼓励。这是测验的内容。再根据最后一段In general, teachers have the power to influence how the students behave by holding high expectations. If a teacher thinks a student is brilliant, they will treat them as such. The student then gets more opportunities to develop their ability, and their performance improves.可知，一般来说，教师有权通过对学生抱有很高的期望来影响学生的行为。如果一个老师认为一个学生很聪明，他们就会这样对待他们。学生会得到更多的机会来发展他们的能力，他们的表现也会提高。因此可以推出，罗森塔尔和雅各布森的研究目的是研究皮格马利翁效应。故选D。
15．
细节理解题。根据文章最后一段This works both ways. When a student expects a teacher to be excellent or successful, they tend to be attentive and supportive. In the process, they improve their performance, too. Students who act interested in lectures create interesting lecturers.可知，这是双向的。当一个学生期望一个老师是优秀的或成功的，他们往往是关注和支持。在这个过程中，他们也提高了自己的表现。对讲座感兴趣的学生创造出有趣的讲师。因此可以推测出，学生能够使老师优秀的做法就是学生认为老师是优秀，支持老师。故选A。
阅读理解专题
广东省中山市2021-2022学年高二下学期英语期末试卷
第一节 （共15小题；每小题2.5分, 满分37.5分）
阅读下列短文, 从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。
A
Whether you prefer to camp under the stars or teat yourself to a luxury experience, an African adventure is what you make it. A vacation in Africa is fall of wonder - here’s so place quite like it.
Exploring South Africa
Start in Johannesburg and end in Cape Town Get ready for an unparalleled journey through the cultural diversity and abundant wildlife of southern Africa. On 8 deferent safaris, we can seek out the “Big 5”, which are Lions, leopards, elephants, African buffalo, and rhinoceroses. Experience an authentic bush dinner under the stars in Pilanesberg National Park Get a taste of South African culture at local wineries. Witness the natural beauty of Victoria Falls. Greet African elephants and spend time interacting with them in Chobe National Park Search for animals along the winding Chobe River. Epic scenery and winding coastlines come together in an incredible adventure.
Experiencing the Cultures in Egypt
Start and end in Cairo. You have a 10 days tour package taking you through Cairo, Egypt and 5 other destinations in Egypt Discover this ancient civilization steeped in the history of the grand temples of the Gods and their tales of the past This journey through Egypt packs in awe-inspiring culture and adventure in ten energetic days.
Observing Wildlife in Southern Africa
Start and end in Johannesburg. Witness traditional dancing, explore the Okavango Della with a wildlife walk and bush camping, track rhinos on foot in Zimbabwe's Matobo National Park, and capture the "big five" (in photo form of course) in South Africa's Kruger National Park, while camping keeps you close to the incomparable scenery. This quick tour isn't simply a taste of Africa; it's a full-course meal - with seconds.
Touring Nile in Cruise from Luxor
Start in Luxor and end in Aswan. You have a 6 days tour package taking you through Luxor, Egypt and 4 other destinations in Egypt Nile Cruise from Luxor for 5 Nights includes accommodation, an expert guide, meals and more. Find out the beauty and charm of Egyptian river Nile by sailing Nile cruise.
21. What animal can we play with in Chobe National Park
A. Elephants. B. Leopards. C. Lions. D. Rhinoceroses.
22. Which tour is a student of history most likely to choose
A. Exploring South Africa. B. Experiencing the Cultures in Egypt
C. Observing Wildlife in Southern Africa. D. Touring Nile in Cruise from Luxor.
23. Where can we take photos of the five most famous animals in Africa
A. Pilanesberg National Park. B. The Okavango Delta.
C. Zimbabwe's Matobo National Park D. South Africa's Kruger National Park.
B
The Los Angeles Fire Department introduced its newest firefighter, a robot on wheels that can burst out 2500 gallons of water a minute, and go where it's not safe for humans to step in. The bright yellow machine is called RS3, which is short for Robot Solution 3.
“The Los Angeles Fire Department is the first in our country to get this amazing piece of new equipment,” Chief Ralph Terrazas told viewers. The chief said he became aware of the value of (ire fighting robots when he saw one named Colossus on the news. It moved forward into the depths of Noire-Dame de Paris to take up the fight from human firefighters for the roof threatened to collapse. Colossus was widely credited with helping save both lives and the building.
“It got me thinking about the large fires we have here. We had one of those fires downtown early this morning" the chief said of a flame that set fire to two downtown businesses before 130 firefighters, including one who suffered minor injuries, put it out. A similar one last month destroyed a nearly finished apartment building for homeless people. "Sometimes we have to back our firefighters out of the burning building for their safety," Terrazas said. “Then they must fight the fire from the outside, using hook-and-ladder trucks,” he added. "This is effective but takes a long time and uses much more water than we normally do inside the building."
Terrazas said it is not only able to rush into a burning building, but also open a path later for its fellow human firefighters by pushing debris (残骸) out of its way. On a freeway, it can push a car out of the way to get to a burning tanker truck.
24. What made Terrazas decide to introduce RS3 to firefighting
A. Lack of human firefighter In Los Angeles.
B. Huge damage caused by the fire in Notre -Dame de Paris.
C. Application of firefighting robots in other local fire dependents.
D. Colossus's excellent performance in fighting Notre-Dame de Paris fire.
25. Why did Tenrazas mention the fire in downtown Los Angeles
A. To emphasize the scale of the fire.
B. To praise the bravery of firefighters.
C. To indicate the necessity for robot firefighters.
D. To introduce the working environments of firefighters.
26. How can RS3 help human firefighters according to Paragraph 4
A. By clearing the access paths. B. By fetching water from riven.
C. By giving instructions to firefighters. D. By driving a burning tanker truck sway.
27. What is the best title for the text
A. Robot Firefighters Saved Los Angeles
B. Los Angeles's Human Firefighters Are in Trouble
C. Robot Firefighters Gain Nationwide Popularity
D. Los Angeles Welcomes the Nation's First Robot Firefighter
C
Findings of an international team of researchers from Japan and China suggest that geese might have been the first poultry species to have been domesticated （驯养） by humans-as far as back as 7,000 years ago.
Scientists have long held different opinions on the history of the domestication of birds, with a belief that it was chickens that were the first to be domesticated. In 2014, Chinese researchers reported ancient DNA taken from the earliest archaeological chicken bone discovery in China, suggesting chickens were domesticated in northern China as early as 10,000 years ago.
But the researchers behind the latest findings say that the 2014 study lacks firm evidence. In the new study, the team unearthed the archaeological site of Tianluoshan, a 7,000-year-old rice cultivation village in the lower Yangtze River valley in what is today known as East China's Zhejiang province. They found a told of 232 goose bones at the site. The inhabitants of the village were hunter-gatherers.
The researchers used multiple approaches to study （he bones, and （bund evidence of domestication.
Four bones were from goslings （幼鹅） ranging from eight to 16 weeks old, suggesting they hatched near the site. Geese were domesticated from wild geese. These migratory birds fly to northern Siberia to breed （繁殖） after the spring and then fly south for the winter, according to researchers from the Zhejiang Provincial institute of Cultural Relics and Archaeology. They said the goslings were too young to have flown in from elsewhere. At the time, Tianluoshan did not have the conditions to be a natural breeding place for wild geese, so it follows that the goslings were born after domestication.
The researchers also analyzed the chemical makeup of adult goose bones, which contained evidence of the waler they drank Their analysis indicated that the adult geese also seemed to have been locally bred, for they were all roughly the same size. Carbon dating also showed that the bones belonged to geese that lived about 7,000 years ago.
Researchers say ancient DNA analysis is required in further studies to investigate which species were bred to become local geese populations.
28. Where did the researchers find the goose bones
A. In Tianluoshan. B. In northern China.
C. In northern Siberia. D. In the upper Yangtze River valley.
29. What can we learn about the goslings from the study
A. Their parents were wild geese.
B. They were probably raised by humans.
C.-They flew to Tianluoshan for winter.
D. They were too young and had to stay.
30. What's the main idea of Paragraph 5 and Paragraph 6
A. The result of the study. B. The importance of the study.
C. The process of domestication. D. The evidence of domestication.
31. What's the purpose of the passage
A. To show how geese were domesticated by humans.
B. To prove that chickens were not the first to be domesticated.
C. To show a new study on the history of the birds' domestication.
D. Tb introduce how the geese were domesticated from wild geese.
D
Livestreaming （直播带货）is a kind of e-commerce and marketing and sales method. It combines live product demonstrations, time-limited pricing promotions, live negotiations, and instant ordering through online streaming services hosted either by an influencer studio, or online store.
Livestreaming removes barriers between brands and consumers. While it is focused on driving short term sales, livestreaming can enable firms to improve marketing efficiency by combining brand marketing and performance marketing. There are certain factors that will increase the chance of success.
Brands should not use livestreaming as a short-term sales booster but as a long-term way to remove barriers between brands and consumers. Specifically, brands could better demonstrate their products in this way, tell fuller brand stories, introduce emotional and cultural elements to their products, obtain instant feedback, conduct product trials, improve marketing efficiency by combining brand marketing and performance marketing, use different livestream hosts to build a bridge for the consumers and cultivate brand loyalty.
Of course, Livestreaming is not without drawbacks, however. For ads on TV, government has clear rules to forbid brands parading the before-and-after effects of health products. The restrictions are not clear yet for internet-based livestreaming, and health products are frequently promoted by livestreamers. We need to continue to monitor regulatory updates carefully.
As promoting products through live-streaming has been compared to “turning clicks into cash," some people have made illegal profits by creating false prosperity （繁荣） Through the purchase of fake followers to increase shares and comments, some live streamers can falsify their rate of engagement to cheat brands and companies in an effort to win more trust and make more money. Meanwhile, live-streams have also faced issues like the return, refund and exchange of products.
32. What does the author advise the brands to do with Livestreaming
A. To achieve as much sales as possible.
B. To focus more on brand marketing.
C. To remove barriers between brands and consumers.
D. To build a bridge between consumers and government
33. What does the underlined word “parading” probably mean
A. Overstating B. Comparing C. Displaying D. Describing
34. How do live streamers create false prosperity
A. By promoting the products as hard as possible.
B. By creating fake comments and shares.
C. By speaking highly of the brands and firms.
D. By refusing the exchange and the refund of products.
35. What's the author's attitude towards Livestreaming
A. Supportive B. Neutral C. Critical D. Doubtful
广东省中山市2020-2021学年高二下学期英语期末试卷
一、阅读理解
Fiction can be a powerful tool for helping individuals make sense of the real world. Science fiction is no different. In light of that, we have rounded up some of the best sci-fi novels of all time.
Dune
- Author: Frank Herbert
- Date published: 1965
One of the most beloved sci-fi novels of all time, Dune received a theatrical release in 2020. It was not the first time the coming-of-age story about a young man who must fight for his own life as well as the existence of his planet hit the big screen.
The War of the Worlds
- Author: H.G. Wells
- Date published: 1898
The father of science fiction, H.G Wells, wrote this novel, in which a group of aliens (外星人) attacks Earth, destroying everything in their path. When the novel was first turned into radio broadcast in 1938, it caused public panic as many listeners didn’t realize it was fiction.
The Giver
- Author: Lois Lowry
- Date published: 1993
Arguably the most widely read science fiction novel, The Giver follows a young man named Jonas, who is set to become the Receiver of Memory within his society. As his training gets underway, he begins to realize that the society he is in may not be all that perfect.
The Three-Body Problem
- Author: Liu Cixin
- Date published: 2006
Liu Cixin is one of China’s most beloved science fiction authors, and The Three-Body Problem marks English-speaking readers’ first opportunity to engage with his work. In the book, a group of aliens plan to occupy Earth. On Earth, some humans plan to side with the aliens and others plan to fight back.
1．Who is the father of science fiction
A．Frank Herbert. B．H.G. Wells.
C．Lois Lowry. D．Liu Cixin.
2．Which book was written by a Chinese
A．Dune. B．The Giver.
C．The War of the Worlds. D．The Three-Body Problem.
3．What do the four books have in common
A．They help readers to understand the world.
B．They taught young people to fight for life.
C．They were all published in the 90s.
D．They are all about aliens.
Three years ago, CheMyong Jay Ko received a call from a broken-hearted old man saying his dog had just been killed by a truck. He asked: Would it be possible to clone his beloved pet
Having studied cloning for more than 20 years, Ko had a positive answer. He knew a handful of commercial companies that were committed to bringing cloning to ordinary pet owners — for a price, of course. To clone a dog, the owner had to pay $50,000 before taxes. The high price turned the old man off, but not some wealthy pet owners. The most famous is Barbara Streisand. The singer had two dogs cloned from cells taken from the mouth of her white deceased Sammie.
As Streisand wrote later, “I was so shocked by the loss of my beloved Sammie, after 14 years together, that I just wanted to keep her with me in some way. It was easier to let Sammie go if I knew I could keep some part of her alive, something that came from her DNA．”
If you spend enough time reading about pet cloning, you’ll see that adjective come up over and over again: beloved. When people clone their animals, they do so because they love them — and because they can’t stand losing them forever. The price of $50,000 may seem reasonable if it saves you the immeasurable pain of saying goodbye to a beloved family member.
Talk to experts about cloning, however, and you’ll begin to realize that cloning has far more problems than money. For example, there would be significant differences between the clone and the original pet, both in their looks and personality. Even Streisand admitted, “You can clone the look of a dog, but you can’t clone the soul.”
4．Why did the old man call Ko
A．To save his dog. B．To seek comfort.
C．To have his pet cloned. D．To share heartbreaking news.
5．What does the underlined word “deceased” in Paragraph 2 mean
A．Cute. B．Dead.
C．Cloned. D．Disabled.
6．Streisand’s words in Paragraph 3 serve as ________.
A．an example of cloned pets
B．an analysis of how she kept her dog alive
C．an explanation why people clone their pets
D．a description her mixed feelings about cloning
7．What can be inferred about cloned animals from the last paragraph
A．They may fail to meet people’s expectations.
B．They improve on the original in personality.
C．They may bring experts serious problems.
D．They look the same as the original.
More than 80% of adolescents worldwide are not active enough, putting their health at risk by sitting focused on a screen rather than running about, say World Health Organization (WHO) researchers
The proportion of inadequate active girls in 27 countries rose to more than 90% in 2016, the latest year for which figures are available. There was a significant gender gap. Girls lag behind boys in physical activity, in all but four countries- Afghanistan, Samoa, Tonga and Zambia.
The WHO says the situation is serious and that urgent action must be taken to get adolescents moving, with inactivity posing a great threat to their current and future health. Physical activity is important to the development of bone, muscular strength, and heart and lung health. It helps young people avoid obesity, heart disease, cancers and diabetes (糖尿病) . There is growing evidence that it helps cognitive (认知的) development.
“This is not the good start in life that we would want for our children and adolescents,” said Bull.“The data are worrying for all-parents, the community and the health system.”
Although schools provide sports, they are often under pressure. But Bull said communities and sporting associations can help, and towns can be better planned to encourage active living. Parental encouragement and providing a role model is also valuable.
Besides, a culture change is required, according to the WHO global action plan on physical activity, because there are disadvantages and unintended consequences to the use of digital media. It involves excessive (过度的) amounts of time spent on phones, laptops and gaming devices. The electronic revolution has fundamentally transformed people’s movement patterns by changing where and how they live, learn, work, play and travel. Gradually and eventually, it isolates people indoors.
8．Why do so many adolescents have healthy problems
A．They are not active enough. B．They like to run about.
C．They are used to sitting. D．They often risk travelling.
9．In which country do less girls take part in physical activities than boys
A．Afghanistan. B．Samoa.
C．Zambia. D．China.
10．Which benefit of physical activity is still uncertain
A．Development of bone. B．Muscular strength.
C．Heart and lung health. D．Cognitive development.
11．What is WHO’s attitude to the use of digital media
A．Unconcerned. B．Favorable.
C．Worried. D．Objective.
A new experiment shows that the more energy consumed by a clock, the more accurate its timekeeping.
Clocks consume energy and release heat. A kitchen clock, for example, does this by using up its battery. Generally the most accurate clocks require the most energy, which suggests a fundamental connection between energy consumption and accuracy. This is what an international team of scientists from Lancaster. Oxford, and Vienna set out to test.
To do this, they built a particularly simple clock, consisting of a super-thin membrane (薄膜), combined with an electronic circuit. Each vibration (振动) of the membrane generated one electrical tick (滴答). The inventive aspect of this design is that it is powered simply by heating the membrane, while the complete flow of energy through the clock can be measured electrically.
The scientists found that the more heat they supplied, the more accurately the clock ran. In fact, the accuracy was directly relative to the heat released. To make the clock twice as accurate, they needed to supply twice as much heat.
The experiment shows a similarity between the operation of a clock and a steam engine. With a steam engine there is fundamental restriction on how much heat we must supply to do a desired amount of work. This restriction is the famous Second Law of Thermodynamics (热力学) which is central to modern engineering. What this experiment suggests is that clocks, like engines, are restricted by the Second Law, with their output being accurate ticks instead of mechanical work.
Dr Edward Laird of Lancaster University said: “This experiment suggests that clocks are also restricted by thermodynamics. It also poses an interesting question: are all possible clocks limited in this way, or is it just a characteristic of the ones we have studied ”
Interestingly, many everyday clocks have an efficiency that is close to what the scientists’ analysis predicts. For example, their analysis predicts that a wristwatch whose accuracy per tick is one part in ten million must consume at least a microwatt of power. In fact, a basic wristwatch usually consumes only a few times this amount. The laws of thermodynamics, discovered in the nineteenth century, are still finding new applications today.
12．What do the scientists want to test about clocks
A．Whether to restrict their heat supply.
B．How energy influences their accuracy.
C．How to make them particularly simple.
D．Whether they are similar to steam engines.
13．In what way do clocks work differently from steam engines according to the experiment
A．The restriction from the Second Law.
B．The law behind their operation.
C．The accuracy of their work.
D．The form of their output.
14．What will Dr Edward Laird most likely agree with
A．Further studies should be done.
B．More questions should be raised.
C．Restrictions on clocks should be lifted.
D．Suggestions of the experiment should be adopted.
15．What is the article mainly about
A．The Second Law of Thermodynamics.
B．The energy consumption of clocks.
C．A new experiment.
D．A simple clock.
广东省中山市2019-2020学年高二下学期英语期末试卷
一、阅读理解
Technology never stops moving. These inventions will be here sooner than you think, so it’s best to get your wallet ready for them.
5G networks will bring the Internet everywhere
The most exciting thing about 5G is that it will be a full-on broadband internet service, meaning that instead of having one service for your mobile devices and one for home internet, you’ll be able to get home 5G and take it with you, as well. That also means less reliance（依赖） on wi-fi.
Smart needles will detect cancer in moments
Right now, most cancers aren’t detected until something goes wrong, which is what the smart needle hopes to change. Cancerous tissue and healthy tissue reflect light differently, according to Medical Xpress. The way the smart needle works is by shining light through the tissue in question and then quickly calculating if the tissue is sick or healthy. It takes seconds, and without painful operations.
People will be able to feel things in virtual reality
Virtual reality (VR) and augmented reality (AR) attracted a lot of attention in the last decade, but things will only get more interesting from here, starting with the ability to touch and feel the things we see through all the various kinds of computer-generated pictures.
Plant-based meat is going to grow in new ways
2019 was the year of plant-based meats, with Beyond Meat introducing burgers that tasted just about the same as actual beef, but made entirely out of plants. The company is planning to improve the flavor of its meat as time goes on. In the near future, mankind is looking at the possibility of completely animal-free meats of all kinds.
1．How does the smart needle work
A．By sending out light. B．By calculating time.
C．By performing operations. D．By changing cancerous tissue.
2．What are the burgers produced by Beyond Meat made of
A．Beef. B．Flour. C．Plants. D．Animal meat.
3．What do the four things have in common
A．All of them are already on the market.
B．All of them are inventions on the way.
C．All of them attracted a lot of attention.
D．All of them rely heavily on the Internet.
Dear Dale,
I want to be closer to my mom, but whenever I try to share things with her, she doesn’t understand. Skyline
Dear Skyline,
As we grow up, our interests change a lot. As a teenager, it may just be that your mom and you don’t share the same interests right now. It’s normal for the relationship between teenagers and their parents to become distant for a short while.
If you don’t think your mom understands you or your interests, why not try to get involved in some of hers If she has a hobby, try to join in with it. For example, if she’s a good cook, ask her to teach you some recipes. If she likes running, go for a run with her.
Likewise（同样地）, try to get her involved in the things that you do often. Invite her to go to the movies or to coffee together, or ask her to help you study some time.
Another great way to get to know your mom better is to ask her about her childhood. My mother has lots of great tales about being a teenager in the 1960s, and hearing her share them and laughing at her funny memories always brings us closer together. Ask your mom about her life as a teenager too I bet she’d love to share her stories
There could be many reasons that your mom might seem too busy to do things with you. She could just be tired from a long day of work, or she may have a problem of her own that’s affecting how she acts toward others.
Whatever happens, don’t worry. She loves you and always will. And hopefully one day soon, you will both understand each other perfectly.
4．What is Skyline’s problem
A．She doesn’t live close to her mom.
B．She doesn’t share things with her mom.
C．Her mom is too busy to spend time with her.
D．Her mom doesn’t understand her.
5．What does Dale think of Skyline’s problem
A．Typical. B．Unusual. C．Strange. D．Tough.
6．Why does Dale advise Skyline to ask her mom about her childhood
A．To encourage her mom to talk to her.
B．To give her mom time to think of the past.
C．To help her know more about her mom.
D．To get her a chance to laugh at her mom.
7．What can we infer from Paragraph 5 of Dale’s letter to Skyline
A．Skyline’s mom has a problem of her own.
B．Skyline’s mom probably isn’t a good mother.
C．Skyline is badly treated by her mom at home.
D．Skyline probably doesn’t understand her mom.
For decades, China had wanted a Nobel Prize in science. Tu Youyou, a researcher who helped to develop a malaria（疟疾）medicine, finally won the country that honor.
In fact, Tu is not the only scientist in China who is catching the world’s attention. In 2016, the Nature journal published a list of the top 10 science stars in China. Gao Caixia and Cui Weicheng are two of them.
Gao Caixia has been devoted to genetic engineering for her whole career. She is known for using CRISPR-Cas9, the revolutionary gene-editing technique that is sweeping through biology labs around the world – in crops.
At first, Gao was unwilling to take up gene editing using CRISPR-Cas9 because her lab at the Chinese Academy of Sciences’ Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology in Beijing had already created mutations（变异）in 82 genes using an older type of technology. But after thinking carefully about it, she decided to give it a try.
After a year of hard work, her lab finally succeeded. Gao worked on genetic engineering in wheat, a crop that is famous for being difficult to work with. Now she is considered one of the best in the world at engineering wheat.
Cui Weicheng is the developer of China’s record-setting Jiaolong submersibl（e 潜水器）. He is now a professor at Westlake University. In 2012, Cui rode inside China’s Jiaolong submersible and reached a depth of more than 7,000 meters in the Pacific.
Thanks to Jiaolong and the 57-year-old developer, China is now one of only a few nations that can explore the deep sea. Jiaolong can travel deeper than any other manned research submersible currently in use, which shows China’s increasing ambition and leadership in deep-sea research.
8．Why is Tu Youyou mentioned at the beginning of the passage
A．To show one of China’s long-held dreams.
B．To stress the importance of the Nobel Prize.
C．To praise Tu Youyou for her contributions.
D．To introduce more top Chinese scientists.
9．Why did Gao Caixia work on wheat
A．Because she failed in her attempt to study other crops.
B．Because she was expert at wheat engineering.
C．Because wheat is hard to be genetically engineered.
D．Because wheat is the most widely planted crop in China.
10．What is Cui Weicheng’s biggest contribution to China
A．He teaches about sea at a university.
B．He developed Jiaolong submersible.
C．He is devoted to genetic engineering.
D．He reached the bottom of the ocean.
11．What is the best title for the passage
A．China’s Science Stars B．China’s Nobel Prize Dream
C．Gao Caixia－China’s Crop Engineer D．Cui Weicheng－China’s Deep Diver
People do better when more is expected of them. In education circles, this is called the Pygmalion Effect.
The Pygmalion effect got its name from the story of Pygmalion, a mythica（虚构的）Greek sculptor. Pygmalion carved a statue of a woman and then fell in love with it. He appealed to Aphrodite, the goddess of love, who brought the statue to life and helped the couple get married. Just as Pygmalion’s fixation on the statue brought it to life, our focus on a student can do the same in schools. Research by Robert Rosenthal and Lenore Jacobson examined the influence of teachers’ expectations on students’ performance. They began by testing the IQ of elementary school students. Teachers were told that the IQ test showed around one-fifth of their students to be unusually intelligent. But unknown to the teachers, the “gifted” students were chosen at random. Actually they had no big statistical advantage over the other kids. As the study period ended, all students had their IQs retested. Both groups showed an improvement. Yet those who were described as intelligent experienced much greater gains in their IQ points. Rosenthal and Jacobson owed this result to the Pygmalion effect. Teachers paid more attention to “gifted” students, offering more support and encouragement than they would otherwise.
In general, teachers have the power to influence how the students behave by holding high expectations. If a teacher thinks a student is brilliant, they will treat them as such. The student then gets more opportunities to develop their ability, and their performance improves. This works both ways. When a student expects a teacher to be excellent or successful, they tend to be attentive and supportive. In the process, they improve their performance, too. Students who act interested in lectures create interesting lecturers.
12．Where did the Pygmalion effect get its name from
A．A statue of a lady. B．The goddess of love.
C．A character in a literary work. D．The story made up by Pygmalion.
13．The underlined expression “fixation on” in Paragraph 2 most probably means
A．worship of B．affection for C．marriage to D．sympathy for
14．What is the purpose of Rosenthal and Jacobson’s research
A．To improve the kids’ IQ. B．To pick out gifted students.
C．To expand teachers’ influence. D．To examine the Pygmalion effect.
15．What can students do to make a teacher excellent
A．Support the teacher by treating them as excellent.
B．Attend interesting lectures given by the teacher.
C．Work hard to get prepared for opportunities.
D．Show great interest in lectures on acting.
参考答案：
广东省中山市2021-2022学年高二下学期英语期末试卷
21-23 ABD
24-27 DCAD
28-31 ABDC
32-35 CABB
广东省中山市2020-2021学年高二下学期英语期末试卷
1．B
2．D
3．A
【解析】
【分析】
本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了有史以来最好的四本科幻小说。
1．
细节理解题。根据The War of the Worlds中的“The father of science fiction, H.G Wells, wrote this novel, in which a group of aliens (外星人) attacks Earth, destroying everything in their path.( 科幻小说之父H.G Wells写了这部小说，讲述了一群外星人袭击地球，摧毁了他们所到之处的一切。)”可知，H.G Wells是科幻小说之父。故选B。
2．
细节理解题。根据The Three-Body Problem中的“Liu Cixin is one of China’s most beloved science fiction authors, and The Three-Body Problem marks English-speaking readers’ first opportunity to engage with his work. (刘慈欣是中国最受欢迎的科幻小说作家之一，《三体》标志着英语读者第一次有机会接触到他的作品。)”可知，科幻小说《三体》是中国人写的。故选D。
3．
细节理解题。根据文章第一段“Fiction can be a powerful tool for helping individuals make sense of the real world. (小说可以是帮助个人理解现实世界的强大工具。)”可知，这四本书共同点是帮助读者了解世界。故选A。
4．C
5．B
6．C
7．A
【解析】
【分析】
本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了人们克隆动物的原因以及克隆动物的缺陷。
4．
细节理解题。根据第一段“Three years ago, CheMyong Jay Ko received a call from a broken-hearted old man saying his dog had just been killed by a truck. He asked: Would it be possible to clone his beloved pet (三年前，CheMyong Jay Ko接到一个伤心的老人的电话，说他的狗刚被一辆卡车撞死。他问：有可能克隆他心爱的宠物吗？)”可知，那老人给Ko打电话是为了克隆他的宠物。故选C。
5．
词句猜测题。根据后文“As Streisand wrote later, “I was so shocked by the loss of my beloved Sammie, after 14 years together, that I just wanted to keep her with me in some way.(正如Streisand后来写道：“我深爱的Sammie和我在一起14年，她的去世让我非常震惊，我只想以某种方式把她留在我身边。”)”可知，Streisand是通过她已故的白色的Sammie的嘴里取出的细胞中克隆了两只狗。由此推知，划线词deceased为“已故的”之意。故选B。
6．
推理判断题。根据第三段“I was so shocked by the loss of my beloved Sammie, after 14 years together, that I just wanted to keep her with me in some way. It was easier to let Sammie go if I knew I could keep some part of her alive, something that came from her DNA.(我深爱的Sammie和我在一起14年，她的去世让我非常震惊，我只想以某种方式把她留在我身边。如果我知道我能保留她的一部分，从她的DNA中提取的东西，让Sammie离开会更容易些)”可推断，Streisand在第三段中的话是解释为什么人们克隆宠物。故选C。
7．
推理判断题。根据最后一段“there would be significant differences between the clone and the original pet, both in their looks and personality. Even Streisand admitted, “You can clone the look of a dog, but you can’t clone the soul.”( 克隆人和原来的宠物在外表和个性上都有显著的不同。就连Streisand也承认，“你可以克隆狗的外貌，但你克隆不了灵魂。”)”可推断，克隆动物他们可能不能满足人们的期望。故选A。
8．A
9．D
10．D
11．C
【解析】
【分析】
本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了目前青少年的生命健康的现状、运动的好处和数字媒体对青少年的不利影响。
8．
细节理解题。根据第一段“More than 80% of adolescents worldwide are not active enough, putting their health at risk by sitting focused on a screen rather than running about, say World Health Organization (WHO) researchers（世界卫生组织(WHO)的研究人员称，全球超过80%的青少年没有足够的活动，整天盯着屏幕而不是跑来跑去，给他们的健康带来了风险）”可知，这么多青少年有健康问题的原因是他们的活动不够。故选A。
9．
细节理解题。根据第二段“Girls lag behind boys in physical activity, in all but four countries- Afghanistan, Samoa, Tonga and Zambia.（除了阿富汗、萨摩亚、汤加和赞比亚这四个国家外，其他国家的女孩在体育活动方面都落后于男孩）”可知，利用排除法，在中国，女孩参加体育活动比男孩少。故选D。
10．
细节理解题。根据第三段“Physical activity is important to the development of bone, muscular strength, and heart and lung health. It helps young people avoid obesity, heart disease, cancers and diabetes (糖尿病) . There is growing evidence that it helps cognitive (认知的) development.（体育活动对骨骼、肌肉力量和心肺健康的发展很重要。它帮助年轻人避免肥胖、心脏病、癌症和糖尿病。越来越多的证据表明它有助于认知能力的发展）”可推断，体育活动对认知发展的好处仍然不确定。故选D。
11．
推理判断题。根据最后一段“Besides, a culture change is required, according to the WHO global action plan on physical activity, because there are disadvantages and unintended consequences to the use of digital media.（此外，根据世界卫生组织关于体育活动的全球行动计划，需要进行文化变革，因为使用数字媒体存在不利因素和意想不到的后果）”可推断，世界卫生组织对使用数字媒体持担忧态度。故选C。
12．B
13．D
14．A
15．C
【解析】
【分析】
本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了一项有关时钟的能量如何影响它们的准确性新实验。
12．
细节理解题。根据第三段“The scientists found that the more heat they supplied, the more accurately the clock ran. In fact, the accuracy was directly relative to the heat released.(科学家们发现，他们提供的热量越多，时钟运行得就越准确。事实上，精度直接与释放的热量有关)”可知，科学家们想要测试钟表能量如何影响它们的准确性。故选B。
13．
细节理解题。根据第五段“With a steam engine there is fundamental restriction on how much heat we must supply to do a desired amount of work. This restriction is the famous Second Law of Thermodynamics (热力学) which is central to modern engineering. What this experiment suggests is that clocks, like engines, are restricted by the Second Law, with their output being accurate ticks instead of mechanical work.(对于蒸汽机，我们必须提供多少热量来做期望的功是有基本限制的。这一限制就是著名的热力学第二定律，它对现代工程至关重要。这个实验表明，时钟就像引擎一样，受到第二定律的限制，它们的输出是精确的滴答声，而不是机械功)”可知，时钟和蒸汽机的输出形式不同。故选D。
14．
推理判断题。根据倒数第二段“Dr Edward Laird of Lancaster University said: “This experiment suggests that clocks are also restricted by thermodynamics. It also poses an interesting question: are all possible clocks limited in this way, or is it just a characteristic of the ones we have studied ”(兰开斯特大学的爱德华·莱尔德博士说:“这个实验表明，时钟也受到热力学的限制。这也提出了一个有趣的问题:是否所有可能的时钟都以这种方式受限，或者这只是我们所研究的那些时钟的特征？”)”可推断，爱德华·莱尔德博士最可能同意需要做进一步的研究。故选A。
15．
主旨大意题。根据第一段“A new experiment shows that the more energy consumed by a clock, the more accurate its timekeeping.(一项新的实验表明，一个时钟消耗的能量越多，它的计时就越准确)”及全文可知，本文主要介绍的是一项新的实验的过程和结果。故选C。
广东省中山市2019-2020学年高二下学期英语期末试卷
1．A
2．C
3．B
【解析】
【分析】
本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了四项即将到来的发明。
1．
细节理解题。根据Smart needles will detect cancer in moments部分的The way the smart needle works is by shining light through the tissue in question and then quickly calculating if the tissue is sick or healthy.可知，这种智能针的工作原理是用光线照射有问题的组织，然后迅速计算出组织是生病了还是健康的。故选A。
2．
细节理解题。根据Plant-based meat is going to grow in new ways部分的2019 was the year of plant-based meats, with Beyond Meat introducing burgers that tasted just about the same as actual beef, but made entirely out of plants.( 2019年是植物性肉类的一年，Beyond Meat推出了味道和真正的牛肉差不多的汉堡，但完全由植物制成)可知，Beyond Meat生产的汉堡是用植物做的。故选C。
3．
推理判断题。根据第一段的These inventions will be here sooner than you think, so it's best to get your wallet ready for them.（这些发明将比你想象的更早到来，所以最好准备好你的钱包。）及下文对四项发明的介绍可推知，这些发明都是即将到来的发明。故选B。
4．D
5．A
6．C
7．D
【解析】
【分析】
本文是应用文。Skyline关于母亲不能理解她的问题向Dale寻求建议。
4．
细节理解题。根据第一段的I want to be closer to my mom, but whenever I try to share things with her, she doesn’t understand.（我想和妈妈更亲近，但是每当我想和她分享一些事情的时候，她总是不理解）可知，Skyline的问题是她妈妈不理解她。故选D。
5．
细节理解题。根据第二段的It’s normal for the relationship between teenagers and their parents to become distant for a short while.可知，青少年与父母的关系暂时疏远是很正常的。故选A。
6．
细节理解题。根据第五段的Another great way to get to know your mom better is to ask her about her childhood.（另一个更好地了解你妈妈的好方法是问她关于她的童年）可知，Dale建议Skyline问她妈妈关于她的童年是为了帮助她更多地了解她妈妈。故选C。
7．
推理判断题。根据第二封信的第五段可知，Dale告诉Skyline可能有很多原因她感觉她妈妈不理解她，她的妈妈可能太忙了，没有时间和她一起做事情。她可能只是累了一天的工作，或者她自己的问题影响了她对他人的行为。因此推断Skyline很可能不理解她的妈妈。故选D。
8．D
9．C
10．B
11．A
【解析】
【分析】
本文是一篇说明文，本文讲述了屠呦呦并不是中国唯一一个引起世界关注的科学家。《自然》杂志发布了中国十大科学明星名单。高彩霞和崔伟成就是其中的两位。
8．
细节理解题。由文章的第二段 ”In fact, Tu is not the only scientist in China who is catching the world’s attention. In 2016, the Nature journal published a list of the top 10 science stars in China. Gao Caixia and Cui Weicheng are two of them.”可知后文主要讲的是中国科学家高彩霞和崔伟的主要贡献。故D项：介绍更多中国顶尖科学家，为正确答案。A项：展示中国长期以来的一个梦想；B项：强调诺贝尔奖的重要性；C项：表扬屠呦呦的贡献；均不合题意。故答案为D项。
9．
推理判断题。本题题干意为：为什么高彩霞致力于小麦的研究 由文章第三段“At first, Gao was unwilling to take up gene editing using CRISPR-Cas9 because her lab at the Chinese Academy of Sciences’ Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology in Beijing had already created mutations（变异）in 82 genes using an older type of technology. But after thinking carefully about it, she decided to give it a try.”可知起初,高不愿意采用基因编辑使用CRISPR-Cas9因为她所在实验室--中国科学院的研究所的遗传学和发育生物学已经在在82个基因中使用一个旧的技术创建突变(变异)。但仔细考虑之后，她决定试一试。故C项：因为小麦很难被基因改造，为正确选项。A项：因为她在研究其他作物的尝试中失败了。B项：因为她是小麦工程方面的专家。D项：因为小麦是中国种植最广泛的作物。均不合题意。故答案为C。
10．
细节理解题。本题题干为：崔伟成对中国最大的贡献是什么 根据文章根据第六段Cui Weicheng is the developer of China’s record-setting Jiaolong submersible（潜水器）以及最后一段崔伟成的发明对中国的影响来看，B项：他研制了蛟龙潜水器为正确答案，A项：他在一所大学教海洋。C项：格瓦拉致力于基因工程。D项：他到达了海底。均不合题意。故答案为B。
11．
考查主旨大意。本题题干意为：文章最好的标题是什么？本文讲述了中国高彩霞和崔伟两位科学家及其成就。故A项：中国的科学明星为正确答案； B项：中国的诺贝尔奖梦（主题扩大）；C项：高彩霞——中国的农作物工程师 （以偏概全）；D项：崔伟成——中国的深水潜水员（以偏概全）。故答案为A。
12．C
13．B
14．D
15．A
【解析】
【分析】
这是一篇说明文。当人们对他们期望更多时，他们会做得更好。在教育界，这被称为皮格马利翁效应。这种效应在教师与学生也能起到作用，如果一个老师认为一个学生很聪明，他们就会这样对待他们。学生会得到更多的机会来发展他们的能力，他们的表现也会提高。当一个学生期望一个老师是优秀的或成功的，他们往往是关注和支持老师。
12．
细节理解题。根据文章第一段The Pygmalion effect got its name from the story of Pygmalion, a mythica（虚构的）Greek sculptor. 可知，皮格马利翁效应得名于希腊神话雕塑家皮格马利翁的故事。由此可以看出，皮格马利翁效应是来自希腊神话，也就是文学作品中的人物。故选C。
13．
词句猜测题。根据文章第二段Pygmalion carved a statue of a woman and then fell in love with it. He appealed to Aphrodite, the goddess of love, who brought the statue to life and helped the couple get married. Just as Pygmalion’s fixation on the statue brought it to life, our focus on a student can do the same in schools. 可知，皮格马利翁雕刻了一个女人的雕像，然后爱上了它。他向爱神阿芙罗狄蒂求助，阿芙罗狄蒂将雕像复活，并帮助这对夫妇结婚。正如皮格马利翁对雕像的fixation使它栩栩如生，我们对学生的关注也能在学校里起到同样的作用。由此可以推出，fixation on与fell in love with 以及focus on 相呼应，所以affection for对……的喜爱；对……的情感符合题意，所以fixation on的大概意为对……的喜爱；对……的情感。故选B。
14．
推理判断题。根据文章Research by Robert Rosenthal and Lenore Jacobson examined the influence of teachers’ expectations on students’ performance. They began by testing the IQ of elementary school students. Teachers were told that the IQ test showed around one-fifth of their students to be unusually intelligent. But unknown to the teachers, the “gifted” students were chosen at random. Actually they had no big statistical advantage over the other kids. As the study period ended, all students had their IQs retested. Both groups showed an improvement. Yet those who were described as intelligent experienced much greater gains in their IQ points. Rosenthal and Jacobson owed this result to the Pygmalion effect. Teachers paid more attention to “gifted” students, offering more support and encouragement than they would otherwise.可知，罗伯特·罗森塔尔和莱诺·雅各布森的研究考察了教师期望对学生成绩的影响。他们首先测试小学生的智商。老师们被告知，智商测试显示大约五分之一的学生异常聪明。但老师们并不知道，这些“天才”学生是随机挑选出来的。事实上，他们在统计上没有比其他孩子大的优势。研究结束后，所有的学生都重新测试了他们的智商。两组都有改善。然而，那些被描述为聪明的人在智商方面获得了更大的提高。罗森塔尔和雅各布森将这个结果归功于皮格马利翁效应。教师对“天才”学生给予了更多的关注，给予了更多的支持和鼓励。这是测验的内容。再根据最后一段In general, teachers have the power to influence how the students behave by holding high expectations. If a teacher thinks a student is brilliant, they will treat them as such. The student then gets more opportunities to develop their ability, and their performance improves.可知，一般来说，教师有权通过对学生抱有很高的期望来影响学生的行为。如果一个老师认为一个学生很聪明，他们就会这样对待他们。学生会得到更多的机会来发展他们的能力，他们的表现也会提高。因此可以推出，罗森塔尔和雅各布森的研究目的是研究皮格马利翁效应。故选D。
15．
细节理解题。根据文章最后一段This works both ways. When a student expects a teacher to be excellent or successful, they tend to be attentive and supportive. In the process, they improve their performance, too. Students who act interested in lectures create interesting lecturers.可知，这是双向的。当一个学生期望一个老师是优秀的或成功的，他们往往是关注和支持。在这个过程中，他们也提高了自己的表现。对讲座感兴趣的学生创造出有趣的讲师。因此可以推测出，学生能够使老师优秀的做法就是学生认为老师是优秀，支持老师。故选A。