【备战2014】高考英语语法复习专题 名词和主谓一致 （重点知识归纳+考点聚焦+仿真演练，17页）
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| 名称 | 【备战2014】高考英语语法复习专题 名词和主谓一致 （重点知识归纳+考点聚焦+仿真演练，17页） |  | |
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| 科目 | 英语 | ||
| 更新时间 | 2013-12-20 13:50:27 | ||
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文档简介
（一）分类
专有名词 普通名词
国名地名人名，[][]团体机构名称 可数名词[][] 不可数名词[]
个体名词 集体名词 抽象名词 物质名词
（二）转换
个体名词与抽象名词的相互转换
抽象化(抽象名词，不可数名词) 个体名词(可数)
in flower开花 a flower一朵花儿
youth青春 a youth年轻人
success成功 a success成功的人或事
物质名词与个体名词的相互转换
物质名词(不可数) 具体化(个体名词，可数名词)
iron铁 an iron熨斗
glass玻璃 a glass玻璃杯
chicken鸡肉 a chicken小鸡
抽象名词与个体名词的转换
抽象名词(不可数) 具体化(个体名词，可数名词)
in surprise 惊讶地 a surprise 一件令人惊讶的事
win success 获得成功 a success 一个(件)成功的人(事)
win honor 赢得荣誉 an honor 一个(件)引以为荣的人(事)
Failure is the mother of success.失败是成功之母. a failure 一个(件)失败的人(事)
have pity on sb. 怜悯某人 a pity 可惜的事情
with pleasure 乐意 a pleasure 乐事
可数名词有单数和复数的变化，而单复数的变化又分为规则变化和不规则变化两种。
分 类 变化方法 举 例
规则变化 单数名词词尾直接加-s boy — boys pen — pens
以s，x ，ch，sh结尾的单词一般加-es glass—glasses box—boxes watch—watches brush—brushes特例：stomach — stomachs
以“辅音字母+y”结尾的变“y”为“i”再加“-es” baby—babies lady —ladies注意：penny的两种复数形式含义有所不同：pence（便士的钱数） pennies(便士的枚数)
以“o”结尾的多数加-s radios zoos photos pianos kilos tobaccos 而下列名词的复数却要加-es：tomato — tomatoes potato — potatoes hero — heroes
以“f”或“fe”结尾的名词复数形式变“f”或“fe”为“v”，之后再加-es wife—wives self — selves特例：handkerchief—handkerchiefs gulf—gulfs belief—beliefs
不规则变化 改变名词中的元音字母或其他形式 man-men woman-women foot-feet goose-geese mouse-mice 特例：child-children
单复数相同 sheep deer means（方法） works（作品、工厂、著作）
合成名词变成复数的情况：●将主体名词变为复数●无主体名词时将最后一部分变为复数●将两部分都变为复数 ●sons-in-law lookers-on passers-by story-tellers boy friends●grown-ups housewives stopwatches●women singers men servants
名词的所有格的构成方法
分类 举例
名词的所有格一般用于有生命的名词，如果该名词为单数，在词尾上加上“’s”，即构成其所有格。 Tom’s bike汤姆的自行车
以“s”结尾的专有名词，在词尾可加“’s”或“’” Engles’s或(Engles’) works恩格斯的著作
以s结尾的复数名词，在词尾加“’”构成其所有格 a works’ school建筑工程学校
不以s结尾的复数名词，在词尾加“’s ”构成其所有格 Women’s Day妇女节
复合名词在末一个词的词尾上加“’s”构成其所有格 the editor-in-chief’s office总编辑室
名词的所有格特殊用法
分类 举例
如果一个事物为两个人所有，在后一个名词的词尾加“’s”如果不是共有，在两个名词的词尾都要加“’s” Tom and Mike’s room.汤姆和麦克的房间。（共有）Tom’s and Mike’s books.汤姆的书和麦克的书。（不共有）
表示店铺或某人的家时，常在名词所有格之后省去shop；house或home等词 the tailor’s成衣店 the barber’s理发店 at my aunt’s在我姑姑家
表示无生命的名词，一般用of短语来表示所有关系，该短语位于其修饰的名词之后 the teachers of our school.但表示时间﹑距离﹑国家﹑城市的无生命名词，可以在词尾加“’s”或“’”表示所有格。today’s papers ten minutes’ walk。 拟人代名词的所有格用“’s”Nature’s works大自然的杰作Heaven’s will天意Fortune’s favorite幸运的宠儿
表示有生命的名词也可以用of短语表示所有关系，而且当该名词带有较长的定语时，就只能用of短语来表示所有关系 the teacher of the boys who are playing football on the playground
of短语+所有格的用法：在表示所属物的名词前如有不定冠词、数词、不定代词或指示代词时，常用of短语+所有格这一结构表示所属关系 an old friend of my uncle’s
规则 情 况
语法一致原则 以单数名词或代词动词不定式短语，动名词短语或从句作主语时，谓语动词一般用单数形式；主语为复数时，谓语动词用复数形式。His father is working on the farm. To study English well is not easy.Reading in the sun is bad for your eyes. What he said is very important for us all. 由what引导的主语从句，后面的谓语动词多数情况用单数形式，但若表语是复数或what从句是一个带有复数意义的并列结构时，主句的谓语动词用复数形式。What I bought were three English books.
由连接词and或both…and连接起来的主语后面，要用复数形式的谓语动词。但若所连接的两个词是指同一个人或物时，它后面的谓语就用单数形式。由and 连接的并列单数主语前如果分别有no, each, every 或more than a (an)/one, many a (an) 修饰时，其谓语动词要用单数形式。either, neither, each, every 或no+单数名词和由some, any no, every构成的复合不定代词，都作单数看待。.Lucy and Lily are twins. The writer and artist has come.Every student and every teach is in the classroom. Many a boy and many a girl likes it.No boy and no girl likes it. Each of us has a new book. Is everyone here today Somebody is speaking in class.Everything around us is matter
在定语从句里，关系代词that, who, which 等作主语时，其谓语动词的数应与句中先行词的数一致。He is one of my friends who are working hard. He is the (only) one of my friends who is working hard.
在强调句型中应与被强调部分一致It is I who am going to the cinema tonight. It is we who are going to the cinema tonight.
如果集体名词指的是整个集体，它的谓语动词用单数形式； 如果它指的集体的成员，其谓语动词用复数形式The police are looking for the lost child. The cattle are eating grass in the field.His family has moved to the south .(他的一家) His family are watching TV.（他的家人）Class four is on the third floor.（四班） Class Four are unable to agree upon a monitor.（四班的学生）
由a lot of /lots of/ plenty of/ a heap of/ heaps of/ the rest of/the majority of+名词构成的短语以及由分数或百分数+名词构成的短语作主语时，其谓语动词的数要根据短语中后面名词的数而定。There are a lot of people in the classroom. Three-fourths of the surface of the earth is sea.50 percent of the students in our class are girls.此外，还有a number of +复数名词有类似的用法（用复数），但the number of +复数名词的数就得依number 而定（用单数）。A number of students have gone to the farm to help the farmer pick apples.The number of pages in this book is three hundred.
在倒装句中，谓语动词的数应与其后的主语一致There comes the bus. On the wall are many pictures.Such is the result. Such are the facts.Between the two hills stands a monument.
逻辑意义一致原则 What, who, which, any, more, all 等代词可以是单数，也可是复数， 主要靠意思来决定。Which is your bag Which are your bags Are any of you good at English Has any of you got a pen All can be done has been done. All is going well. All have been taken out. All have gone to Beijing.
表示时间重量长度价值等的名词的复数作主语时，谓语动词通常用单数形式，这是由于作主语的名词在概念上是一个整体。Thirty minutes is enough for the work. Twenty pounds is too dear.如强调这类词的复数意义，则谓语动词要用复数形式Forty kilos of water are used every day.
若英语是书名名格言剧名报名国名等的复数形式，其谓语动词通常用单数形式。The United States is smaller than China. “The Arabian Nights” is an interesting story-book.
表数量的短语“one and a half”后面接复数名词作主语时，其谓语动词要用单数形式。One and a half apples is left on the table.
一些学科名词是以-ics结尾，如：mathematics, politics, physics 以及news, works 等。都属于形式上是复数的名词， 实际意义为单数名词，它们作主语时，其谓语动词要用单数形式。The paper works was built in 1990.这家造纸厂建于1990年。I don’t think physics is easy to study.
trousers, glasses, clothes, shoes, scissors (剪刀)等词作主语时，谓语用复数，但如果这些名词前有a(the) pair of 等量词修饰时（clothes被a suit of 修饰）谓语动词用单数。My glasses are broken. The pair of shoes under the bed is his.
“定冠词the+形容词或分词”，表示某一类人动词用复数；若表示某一类东西时，动词用单数。The old are taken good care of there. The beautiful gives pleasure to all.
就近/远一致原则 当两个主语由either or, neither nor, not only but also ,whether or 连接时，谓语动词和邻近的主语保持一致,即就近一致。Either the teacher or the students are our friends. Neither he nor they are wholly right.Neither they nor he is wholly right. Is neither he nor they wholly right
there be 句型中be 动词的单复数取决于其后的主语。如果其后是由and 连接的两个主语，则应与靠近的那个主语保持一致，即就近一致。There are two chairs and a desk in the room. There is a desk and two chairs in the room.
主语后面跟有with, together with, except, but, like, as well as, no less than, rather than, more than, besides, along with, including, in addition to 等引起的短语， 谓语动词要跟主语一致，即就远一致。Mr. Green, together with his wife and children, has come to China.A woman with a baby was on the bus. Nobody but Jim and Mike was on the playground.She, like you and Tom, is very tall. The girls as well as the boy have learned to speak Japanese.No one except my teachers knows anything about it.
名词考点聚焦
名词是英语的主要词汇之一，也是历年高考的重要考点。综合近几年高考对名词的考查，单项填空题中，每年都出现1—2道题。此外，在阅读理解和完形填空中，名词的一词多义、熟词新意也经常涉及。因此，在备考中一定要结合具体的语境去感悟、理解名词的辨析、名词的一词多义以及名词的习惯用法等。
①We always keep ______ spare paper, in case we ran out.
A. too much B. a number of C. plenty of D. a good many
【解析】 答案为C。“paper”作为“纸”解释时为不可数名词，所以先排除B和D两个选项。根据题意“我们总是准备充足的备用纸张，以防用光。”选择答案C。too much意为“太多”尽管修饰不可数名词，但用在这儿不符合题意。
②The young dancers looked so charming in their beautiful clothes that we took ___ pictures of them.
A. many of B. masses of C. the number of D. a large amount of
【解析】答案为B。【解析】答案为masses of 意为“大量的”既可修饰可数名词又可修饰不可数名词；the number of…意为“……的数量”；a large amount of意为“大量的”后接不可数名词；“many of”后接前面带有定冠词的名词，意为“……中的许多”。
一是考查语义方面的辨析：主要考查某些多义词在特定上下文中的引申含义,以及准确辨别一些同义、近义词在特定语境中的差异的能力。
①Most air pollution is caused by the burning of___ _ like coal, gas and oil.
A. fuels B. articles C. goods D. products
【解析】答案为A。由题干中的“coal，gas，oil”可知都是燃料，故正确答案A项意为“燃料”。articles意为“物品”；goods意为“货物、商品”；products意为“产品”。
②To save some of the human languages before they are forgotten,
the students in our school started a discussion “Save Our ”.
A. Sky B. Life C. Arts D. Voices
【解析】答案为D。由语境可知，此处指人类的语言，而语言是人类说的声音，因此用“voices”。
③—Shall we go out for a walk
—Sorry. This is not the right to invite me. I am too tired to walk.
A. moment B. situation C. place D. chance
【解析】答案为A。句意：“我们出去散散步好吗？”“对不起，这不是邀请我的合适的时间，我太累了而不想去散步。”moment意为“某一时刻，片刻”；situation意为“情形，状况”；place意为“地方”；chance意为“机会”。
④The top leaders of the two countries are holding talks in a friendly .
A. atmosphere B. state C. situation D. phenomenon
【解析】答案为A。句意：这两个国家的最高领导人在友好的气氛中进行交谈。atmosphere意为“气氛，氛围”；state意为“状态”；situation意为“形势，局面”；phenomenon意为“现象”。
⑤What’s the of having a public open space where you can’t eat, drink or even simply hang out for a
while
A. sense B. matter C. case D. opinion
【解析】答案为A。本题所设的语境是：有这样一个你在那里不能吃、不能喝甚至不能动的公共开放场所有什么意义呢？sense意为“意义、意识”；matter意为“问题，麻烦”；case意为“情况，问题”；opinion意为“意见，看法”。四个选项中只有A项符合语境。
二是考查搭配方面的辨析：主要考查固定句型中的名词、名词与动词的搭配以及名词与介词的搭配等。
①The young man made a ______to his parents that he would try to earn his own living after graduation.
A. prediction B. promise C. plan D. contribution
【解析】答案为B。句意：这位年轻人向他的父母许诺说毕业之后他将努力自食其力。make a promise意为“许诺、答应”其后的“that”从句为同位语从句，补充说明先行词“promise”的内容，其它选项不合句意。
②I bought a dress for only 2010 dollars in a sale; it was a real .
A. exchange B. bargain C. trade D. business
【解析】答案为B。bargain用作名词时，意为“廉价货，便宜货”，a real bargain意为“真便宜”。
③It is no arguing with Bill because he will never change his mind.
A. use B. help C. time D. way
【解析】答案为A。“it is no use后接动词+ing形式”或“动词+ing形式短语”表示“做某事没有用”。
④I have read the material several times but it doesn’t make any ________ to me.
A. meaning B. importance C. sense D. significance
【解析】答案为C。因为make sense意为“有意义、讲得通、有道理” 是固定习语。
⑤Don’t leave matches or cigarettes on the table within ________ of little children.
A. hand B. reach C. space D. distance
【解析】答案为B。within one’s reach意为“伸手拿（够）得到”，是习语。
主谓一致考点聚焦
◆动词不定式、动名词以及名词性从句作主语时的主谓一致
Most of what has been said about the Smiths _______also true of the Johnsons.
A. are B. is C. being D. to be
【解析】答案为B。本题的主语是主语从句通常看作不可数，“most of”修饰主语从句依然是不可数，谓语动词应该用单数形式。
◆one, either, neither, each等+of+复数名词或代词作主语时的主谓一致
—Each of the students, working hard at his or her lessons, ______ to go
to university.
—So do I.
A. hope B. hopes C. hoping D. hoped
【解析】答案为B。本题的主语是“each”，“of the students”作后置定语，修饰“each”。
◆由and连接并列主语时的主谓一致
①—Did you go to the show last night
—Yeah. Every boy and girl in the area ________invited.
A. were B. have been C. has been D. was
【解析】答案为D。主语是“every boy and girl”表示单数概念，故谓语动词用单数，且询问昨晚的情况，有明确的过去时间，所以应选择“was”。
②A poet and artist ________ coming to speak to us about Chinese literature and painting tomorrow afternoon.
A. is B. are C. was D. were
【解析】答案为A。此题中“and”连接的第二个名词“artist”前没有加冠词，说明指的是同一个人，应为单数。
◆定语从句中的主谓一致
He is the only one of the students who _____ a winner of scholarship for three years.
A. is B. are C. have been D. has been
【解析】答案为D。“the only one of +复数名词+定语从句”中的先行词是“the only one”，定语从句中谓语动词用单数形式，又结合时间状语“for three years“可知应使用现在完成时。
◆quantities of+名词作主语时的主谓一致
With more forests being destroyed, huge quantities of good earth ______ each year.
A. is washing away B. is being washed away
C. are washing away D. are being washed away
【解析】答案为D。一般讲“quantities of“不论修饰可数名词还是不可数名词，其短语作主语时，谓语动词用复数形式。
◆the number of与a number of的区别
①As you can see, the number of cars on our roads__________ rising these days.
A. was keeping B. keep C. keeps D. were keeping
【解析】答案为C。在“the number of +复数名词”中主语是“the number（数量）”，谓语动词用单数，根据语境，应使用现在时。
②Nowadays, a large number of women, especially those from the countryside, _______ in the clothing industry.
A. is working B. works C. work D. worked
【解析】答案为C。a number of +复数名词，谓语动词用复数，根据语境和时间状语Nowadays可知应使用一般现在时。
◆分数、百分数作主语时的主谓一致
①The company had about 20 notebook computers but only one-third_____ used regularly. Now we have 60 working all day long.
A. is B. are C. was D. were
【解析】答案为D。“one-third”是指“20台笔记本中的三分之一”，表示复数意义；根据语境，前后是今昔对比的描述，空格处应使用过去时。
【答案】
②_____ of the land in that district ______ covered with trees and grass.
A. Two fifth; is B. Two fifth; are C. Two fifths; is D. Two fifths; are
【解析】答案为C。分子大于“1”时，作分母的序数词要用复数形式，并且分数修饰的是不可数名词“land”，谓语动词用单数形式。
◆倒装句中的主谓一致
①At the foot of the mountain ________.
A. a village lie B. lies a village C. does a village lie D. lying a village
【解析】答案为B。这是一个全部倒装的句子，主语是“a village”。
②On top of the books _______the photo album you’re looking for.
A. is B. are C. has D. have
【解析】答案为A。作表语的介词短语放在句首时，使用全部倒装语序，句子的真正主语不是“books”，而是“the photo album”。
◆表示抽象概念的名词或词组作主语时的主谓一致
A survey of the opinions of experts _________that three hours of outdoor exercise a week ________ good for one’s health.
A. show; are B. shows; is C. show; is D. shows; are
【解析】答案为B。主句中的主语是“A survey”为单数，后有“of”短语作定语分隔；从句中的主语是“three hours”，是表示时间段的名词词组，看作一个整体，谓语动词用单数形式。
◆一些单复数形式相同的名词如作主语时的主谓一致
Every possible means _____to prevent the pollution, but the sky is still not clear.
A. is used B. are used C. has been used D. have been used
【解析】C。答案为“means”前有“every”修饰，说明是单数；根据语境，此处应使用现在完成时，表示对现在造成的结果或影响。
◆由连词“or， either…or…，neither…nor…，not only…but also…，whether…or…”等连接并列主语时的主谓一致（遵循就近一致原则）
Either you or the headmaster _______ the prizes to those gifted students at the meeting.
A. is handing out B. are to hand out C. are handing out D. is to hand out
【解析】答案为D。“either…or…”连接并列主语时，谓语动词应与最靠近的主语保持一致，锁定答案为A或D项。根据句意颁奖这一行为尚未发生，故选择D项。
◆主语后有“as well as， no less than， with， along with， together with， rather than， but， except， including”等短语作插入语时的主谓一致（遵循就远一致原则）,即跟它们前面的主语一致。
①We live day by day, but in the great things, the time of days and weeks _________ so small that a day is unimportant.
A. is B. are C. has been D. have been
【解析】答案为A。主语“time”和谓语动词之间插入了“of”短语作定语来迷惑考生，必须分析句子成分和结构才能慧眼识别出主语为“the time”。
②The father as well as his three children _________skating on the frozen river every Sunday afternoon in winter.
A. is going B. go C. goes D. are going
【解析】答案为C。本题的主语是“father”，“as well as”短语是插入成分，其后的名词不是主语的一部分。
1.When I was a child, my parents often taught me how to deal with dangerous .
A. organizations B. situations C. regulations D. positions
【答案与解析】 B situation“情形，境遇”；organization“组织”；regulation“规章，条例”；position“位
置，职位”。
2.It is said that the police have offered a large for information leading to the robber’s arrest.
A. award B. prize C. reward D. welfare
【答案与解析】C reward指对提供信息帮助抓捕盗贼的人应给予报酬、酬谢。welfare“福利”；award
表示因成绩优异或表现好而“获奖”；prize表示在比赛中因获胜而“得奖”。由此可知，最佳答案为C。句意：据说警察已为逮捕该盗贼而提供的信息提供重谢。
3. The young man acted strangely during the interview. He made a bad on the employer.
A. impression B. expression C. experience D. opinion
【答案与解析】A make a bad impression on sb. 给某人留下不好的印象。
4. Surely you can find the museum, for it is within easy of your hotel.
A. walk B. reach C. distance D. space
【答案与解析】B within easy reach 在附近(距离不远) 。句意为：你一定会找到那个博物馆的，因为离你的 ( http: / / gk. / " \o "全品高考网 )宾馆很近。
5.Each of us is likely to develop a personal _______ for certain types of entertainment.
A. comparison B. possession C. preference D. advantage
【答案与解析】C 句意为：我们每个人都有可能养成对某些娱乐活动的偏爱。preference 意为：偏爱，爱好。符合语境。
6.Much to the of the worried parents, their son finally came back safe and sound.
A. relief B. regret C. anger D. disappointment
【答案与解析】 A relief 安慰、宽慰。句意为：使这位焦虑的 ( http: / / gk. / " \o "全品高考网 )母亲大为宽慰的是，她们的 ( http: / / gk. / " \o "全品高考网 )儿子终于安然无恙地回来了。regret 遗憾、后悔；anger愤怒；disappointment失望。
7.Apart from his monthly salary as a sales manager, he also gets a travel ________ that covers hotel bills.
A. insurance B. circumstance C. allowance D. competence
【答案与解析】C travel allowance 出差补贴。句意为：作为一名销售经理，除了他的月薪以外，他还有出差补贴。insurance 保险，. circumstance 环境，competence 能力，权限。
8.Jack is not very decisive, and he always finds himself in a _______ as if he doesn't know
what he really wants to.
A. fantasy B. contradiction C. dilemma D. conflict
【答案与解析】C 句意：杰克很不果断，他总是觉得自己处在进退两难的 ( http: / / gk. / " \o "全品高考网 )境地，好像他不知道自己真的想干什么。fantasy“幻想”；contradiction “矛盾”；dilemma“困境；进退两难”；conflict“冲突；矛盾”。 dilemma符合题 ( http: / / gk. / " \o "全品高考网 )意。
9.A hot cup of tea on such a cold night was a real ________ to me.
A. respect B. moment C. comfort D. fortune
【答案与解析】C 在寒冷的日子里喝上一杯热茶应该是令人舒服的 ( http: / / gk. / " \o "全品高考网 )事，所以用comfort。respect尊敬；moment时刻；fortune财产；运气。
10.In order to put an end to poverty, the World Bank has switched its ______ to providing technical assistance and
long-term loans to developing countries.
A. concern B. process C. struggle D. focus
【答案与解析】D focus 意思是：焦点，重点。句意为：为了结束贫穷，世界银行已经把【工作的】重点转移到向发展中国家提供技术帮助和长期的 ( http: / / gk. / " \o "全品高考网 )贷款。
11.—Mr. Anderson is popular with his students, for he is kind, strict and knowledgeable.
—No wonder he has such a good ___.
A. expectation B. contribution C. reputation D. regulation
【答案与解析】C 第一个人所说的：因为和蔼、要求严格、知识渊博而深受学生欢迎应该是声望高的 ( http: / / gk. / " \o "全品高考网 )原因，因此选C，意思是：声望、名望。expectation 期待、期望；contribution贡献；regulation 规则。
12.There’s no doubt that the past years have seen _______of the progress in economy of the country , as more and more people moved into new houses.
A. impressions B. views C. signs D. features
【答案与解析】C sign 迹象。怪不得这些年见证了这个国家经济进步的迹象，因为越来越多的 ( http: / / gk. / " \o "全品高考网 )人们喜迁新居。impression 印象；view 观点、景色；feature特征。
13.Courageous people think quickly and act without .
A. anxiety B. consideration C. delay D. intention
【答案与解析】C without delay意为：毫不迟疑地。句意为：勇敢的人思维敏捷，行动果断。
14.—I really admire the people full of . I'm always tired.
—You’d better take more exercise.
A. power B. strength C. force D. energy
【答案与解析】D full of energy，意思是：充满活力的 ( http: / / gk. / " \o "全品高考网 )。句意为:----我很羡慕那些充满活力的人。我总是感到很疲劳。---你应该进行更多的 ( http: / / gk. / " \o "全品高考网 )训练。
15.The event not only promoted ________ of world hunger, but also raised a lot of money to help starving people.
A. information B. knowledge C. instruction D. awareness
【答案与解析】C awareness 意识。句意为：这个事件不仅能够提升人们对于世界饥饿的意识，而且也筹集了更多的 ( http: / / gk. / " \o "全品高考网 )资金来帮助那些饥饿的人们。information 信息，knowledge 知识；instruction指示，命令。
16.It’s really a ____________ for a teenager to study abroad after high school.
A. challenge B. puzzle C. failure D. disadvantage
【答案与解析】A句意：对于一个青少年来说中学毕业后去国外学习确实是个挑战。puzzle“难题 ( http: / / gk. / " \o "全品高考网 )”；failure“失败”；和disadvantage“缺点；不利条件”均不符合题意，challenge“挑战”符合题 ( http: / / gk. / " \o "全品高考网 )意。
17.This restaurant has become popular for its wide___ of foods that suit all tastes and pockets.
A. range B. circle C. area D. division
【答案与解析】A range范围。句意：这家饭店因为其适合各种口味和不同经济水平的食品而变得很深受欢迎。circle 阶层，领域；area 领域，方面；division部门，界限。
18.In a natural disaster，minutes and even seconds of warning can make the____ between life and death.
A. division B. difference C. separation D. sense
【答案与解析】B make the difference between …and…。意思是：在……和……之间有生差别。句意为：发生自然灾害时，几分钟甚至几秒钟的 ( http: / / gk. / " \o "全品高考网 )提前警告，都能产生生死之别。
19.AIDS control and prevention is a to China as well as the whole world.
A. surprise B. challenge C. reaction D. threat
【答案与解析】B challenge挑战。符合语境。句意为：艾滋病的治疗和预防对于我们中国和整个世界来说都是一个巨大的 ( http: / / gk. / " \o "全品高考网 )挑战。surprise 【一件】惊讶的事； reaction 反应；threat 威胁。
20.So far, I haven't adapted to the fast of the life in Toronto.
A. step B. style C. pace D. manner
【答案与解析】C step 步伐，style 风格；pace步速、节奏， manner习惯，方式。句意为：到目前为止，我还没有适应多伦多快节奏的 ( http: / / gk. / " \o "全品高考网 )生活。
21.Rose is Mr. Smith's secretary, so she has _______ to all his business e-mails.
A. power B. account C. way D. access
【答案与解析】D access 接触，使用。句意为：Rose是史密斯先生的秘书，所以他有权阅读他的 ( http: / / gk. / " \o "全品高考网 )商务邮件。power 力；account 账号； way 方法。
22.—Would you like this gold necklace, Madam
—It's beautiful, but out of my price ___.
A. control B. reach C. aim D. range
【答案与解析】D out of range在……的范围外。句意为：--夫人，你要买这件首饰吗？---很漂亮，但是超出了【我提供的 ( http: / / gk. / " \o "全品高考网 )】价格范围。
23.The local government provided _______ for the homeless soon after the flood.
A. possessions B. accommodations C. souvenirs D. groceries
【答案与解析】B 既然是帮助无家可归者，那么四个选项中只有accommodation（住处、膳宿）符合。句意为：洪水过后，当地政府向无家可归者提供了住所。possession 财产；souvenir 纪念品；grocery 食品杂货店。
24. Any help from you will be greatly appreciated. Please give me a reply at your earliest ______.
A. convenience B. consideration C. interruption D. imagination
【答案与解析】A at one’s convenience 意思是：在某人方便的时候。句意为：你们所提供的 ( http: / / gk. / " \o "全品高考网 )任何帮助我们都很感激，请在方便的时候尽早联系我们。
25.Is it he or you ______ in charge of the job and supposed to complete it punctually
A. who is B. that is C. who are D. whom are
【答案与解析】C 此处为强调句型，强调了主语 he or you，根据强调句型结构”It is／was+被强调部分+ that／who+其他”，首先排除D；谓语的 ( http: / / gk. / " \o "全品高考网 )单复数根据所强调 的主语he or you确定，or连接并列主语时采用就近一致原则，因此根据you确定谓语为are。
26.The family as well as their dog ________ on the roof by the flood.
A. was trapped B. trapped C. were trapped . D. trapping
【答案与解析】C 分析句子结构可以看出，句子缺少谓语动词。as well as 当作介词使用，后面的 ( http: / / gk. / " \o "全品高考网 )成分不能做主语，主语是The family，在这里指的是一家人，所以谓语动词用复数形式。人是被洪水困住的 ( http: / / gk. / " \o "全品高考网 )，所以用被动语态。句意为：那家人还有他们饲养的狗都被洪水困到了屋顶。
27.Britain ____ many other industrialized countries, ____ major changes over the last 100 years.
A. together with; have experienced B. as well as; have experienced
C. in common with; has experienced D. instead of; has experienced
【答案与解析】C
【解析】本题 ( http: / / gk. / " \o "全品高考网 )考查主谓一致。in common with意为“和……一样”,谓语动词单复数跟前面的主语保持一直。句意：与其它工业化国家一样，英国在过去100年里经历了重大的 ( http: / / gk. / " \o "全品高考网 )变化。 A、B项第一空together with，as well as意思及用法与in common with类似，均错在第二空；D项instead of“而不是”，不合句意。
28.Some necessary equipment as well as food and clothes_______ sent to the disaster-hit area since the powerful earthquake occurred.
A. has been B. have been C. is being D. are being
【答案与解析】A 这里的主语是Some necessary equipment，所以谓语动词用单数形式。时间状语为since+过去时，所以用完成时。
29. All possible means , but we can’t persuade him to change his mind.
A. has tried B. has been tried C. have tried D. have been tried
【答案与解析】D mean单数复数一个形式。在本题中代表复数。排除A和B。所有可能的方法都（被）试了，要用被动语态。
30.What the remote areas need ________education to children and what the children need ________good
textbooks at the moment.
A. is; are B. are; is C. was; were D. were; was
【答案与解析】A what引导的名词性从句作主语时，是单数还是复数由后面的意义决定。
专有名词 普通名词
国名地名人名，[][]团体机构名称 可数名词[][] 不可数名词[]
个体名词 集体名词 抽象名词 物质名词
（二）转换
个体名词与抽象名词的相互转换
抽象化(抽象名词，不可数名词) 个体名词(可数)
in flower开花 a flower一朵花儿
youth青春 a youth年轻人
success成功 a success成功的人或事
物质名词与个体名词的相互转换
物质名词(不可数) 具体化(个体名词，可数名词)
iron铁 an iron熨斗
glass玻璃 a glass玻璃杯
chicken鸡肉 a chicken小鸡
抽象名词与个体名词的转换
抽象名词(不可数) 具体化(个体名词，可数名词)
in surprise 惊讶地 a surprise 一件令人惊讶的事
win success 获得成功 a success 一个(件)成功的人(事)
win honor 赢得荣誉 an honor 一个(件)引以为荣的人(事)
Failure is the mother of success.失败是成功之母. a failure 一个(件)失败的人(事)
have pity on sb. 怜悯某人 a pity 可惜的事情
with pleasure 乐意 a pleasure 乐事
可数名词有单数和复数的变化，而单复数的变化又分为规则变化和不规则变化两种。
分 类 变化方法 举 例
规则变化 单数名词词尾直接加-s boy — boys pen — pens
以s，x ，ch，sh结尾的单词一般加-es glass—glasses box—boxes watch—watches brush—brushes特例：stomach — stomachs
以“辅音字母+y”结尾的变“y”为“i”再加“-es” baby—babies lady —ladies注意：penny的两种复数形式含义有所不同：pence（便士的钱数） pennies(便士的枚数)
以“o”结尾的多数加-s radios zoos photos pianos kilos tobaccos 而下列名词的复数却要加-es：tomato — tomatoes potato — potatoes hero — heroes
以“f”或“fe”结尾的名词复数形式变“f”或“fe”为“v”，之后再加-es wife—wives self — selves特例：handkerchief—handkerchiefs gulf—gulfs belief—beliefs
不规则变化 改变名词中的元音字母或其他形式 man-men woman-women foot-feet goose-geese mouse-mice 特例：child-children
单复数相同 sheep deer means（方法） works（作品、工厂、著作）
合成名词变成复数的情况：●将主体名词变为复数●无主体名词时将最后一部分变为复数●将两部分都变为复数 ●sons-in-law lookers-on passers-by story-tellers boy friends●grown-ups housewives stopwatches●women singers men servants
名词的所有格的构成方法
分类 举例
名词的所有格一般用于有生命的名词，如果该名词为单数，在词尾上加上“’s”，即构成其所有格。 Tom’s bike汤姆的自行车
以“s”结尾的专有名词，在词尾可加“’s”或“’” Engles’s或(Engles’) works恩格斯的著作
以s结尾的复数名词，在词尾加“’”构成其所有格 a works’ school建筑工程学校
不以s结尾的复数名词，在词尾加“’s ”构成其所有格 Women’s Day妇女节
复合名词在末一个词的词尾上加“’s”构成其所有格 the editor-in-chief’s office总编辑室
名词的所有格特殊用法
分类 举例
如果一个事物为两个人所有，在后一个名词的词尾加“’s”如果不是共有，在两个名词的词尾都要加“’s” Tom and Mike’s room.汤姆和麦克的房间。（共有）Tom’s and Mike’s books.汤姆的书和麦克的书。（不共有）
表示店铺或某人的家时，常在名词所有格之后省去shop；house或home等词 the tailor’s成衣店 the barber’s理发店 at my aunt’s在我姑姑家
表示无生命的名词，一般用of短语来表示所有关系，该短语位于其修饰的名词之后 the teachers of our school.但表示时间﹑距离﹑国家﹑城市的无生命名词，可以在词尾加“’s”或“’”表示所有格。today’s papers ten minutes’ walk。 拟人代名词的所有格用“’s”Nature’s works大自然的杰作Heaven’s will天意Fortune’s favorite幸运的宠儿
表示有生命的名词也可以用of短语表示所有关系，而且当该名词带有较长的定语时，就只能用of短语来表示所有关系 the teacher of the boys who are playing football on the playground
of短语+所有格的用法：在表示所属物的名词前如有不定冠词、数词、不定代词或指示代词时，常用of短语+所有格这一结构表示所属关系 an old friend of my uncle’s
规则 情 况
语法一致原则 以单数名词或代词动词不定式短语，动名词短语或从句作主语时，谓语动词一般用单数形式；主语为复数时，谓语动词用复数形式。His father is working on the farm. To study English well is not easy.Reading in the sun is bad for your eyes. What he said is very important for us all. 由what引导的主语从句，后面的谓语动词多数情况用单数形式，但若表语是复数或what从句是一个带有复数意义的并列结构时，主句的谓语动词用复数形式。What I bought were three English books.
由连接词and或both…and连接起来的主语后面，要用复数形式的谓语动词。但若所连接的两个词是指同一个人或物时，它后面的谓语就用单数形式。由and 连接的并列单数主语前如果分别有no, each, every 或more than a (an)/one, many a (an) 修饰时，其谓语动词要用单数形式。either, neither, each, every 或no+单数名词和由some, any no, every构成的复合不定代词，都作单数看待。.Lucy and Lily are twins. The writer and artist has come.Every student and every teach is in the classroom. Many a boy and many a girl likes it.No boy and no girl likes it. Each of us has a new book. Is everyone here today Somebody is speaking in class.Everything around us is matter
在定语从句里，关系代词that, who, which 等作主语时，其谓语动词的数应与句中先行词的数一致。He is one of my friends who are working hard. He is the (only) one of my friends who is working hard.
在强调句型中应与被强调部分一致It is I who am going to the cinema tonight. It is we who are going to the cinema tonight.
如果集体名词指的是整个集体，它的谓语动词用单数形式； 如果它指的集体的成员，其谓语动词用复数形式The police are looking for the lost child. The cattle are eating grass in the field.His family has moved to the south .(他的一家) His family are watching TV.（他的家人）Class four is on the third floor.（四班） Class Four are unable to agree upon a monitor.（四班的学生）
由a lot of /lots of/ plenty of/ a heap of/ heaps of/ the rest of/the majority of+名词构成的短语以及由分数或百分数+名词构成的短语作主语时，其谓语动词的数要根据短语中后面名词的数而定。There are a lot of people in the classroom. Three-fourths of the surface of the earth is sea.50 percent of the students in our class are girls.此外，还有a number of +复数名词有类似的用法（用复数），但the number of +复数名词的数就得依number 而定（用单数）。A number of students have gone to the farm to help the farmer pick apples.The number of pages in this book is three hundred.
在倒装句中，谓语动词的数应与其后的主语一致There comes the bus. On the wall are many pictures.Such is the result. Such are the facts.Between the two hills stands a monument.
逻辑意义一致原则 What, who, which, any, more, all 等代词可以是单数，也可是复数， 主要靠意思来决定。Which is your bag Which are your bags Are any of you good at English Has any of you got a pen All can be done has been done. All is going well. All have been taken out. All have gone to Beijing.
表示时间重量长度价值等的名词的复数作主语时，谓语动词通常用单数形式，这是由于作主语的名词在概念上是一个整体。Thirty minutes is enough for the work. Twenty pounds is too dear.如强调这类词的复数意义，则谓语动词要用复数形式Forty kilos of water are used every day.
若英语是书名名格言剧名报名国名等的复数形式，其谓语动词通常用单数形式。The United States is smaller than China. “The Arabian Nights” is an interesting story-book.
表数量的短语“one and a half”后面接复数名词作主语时，其谓语动词要用单数形式。One and a half apples is left on the table.
一些学科名词是以-ics结尾，如：mathematics, politics, physics 以及news, works 等。都属于形式上是复数的名词， 实际意义为单数名词，它们作主语时，其谓语动词要用单数形式。The paper works was built in 1990.这家造纸厂建于1990年。I don’t think physics is easy to study.
trousers, glasses, clothes, shoes, scissors (剪刀)等词作主语时，谓语用复数，但如果这些名词前有a(the) pair of 等量词修饰时（clothes被a suit of 修饰）谓语动词用单数。My glasses are broken. The pair of shoes under the bed is his.
“定冠词the+形容词或分词”，表示某一类人动词用复数；若表示某一类东西时，动词用单数。The old are taken good care of there. The beautiful gives pleasure to all.
就近/远一致原则 当两个主语由either or, neither nor, not only but also ,whether or 连接时，谓语动词和邻近的主语保持一致,即就近一致。Either the teacher or the students are our friends. Neither he nor they are wholly right.Neither they nor he is wholly right. Is neither he nor they wholly right
there be 句型中be 动词的单复数取决于其后的主语。如果其后是由and 连接的两个主语，则应与靠近的那个主语保持一致，即就近一致。There are two chairs and a desk in the room. There is a desk and two chairs in the room.
主语后面跟有with, together with, except, but, like, as well as, no less than, rather than, more than, besides, along with, including, in addition to 等引起的短语， 谓语动词要跟主语一致，即就远一致。Mr. Green, together with his wife and children, has come to China.A woman with a baby was on the bus. Nobody but Jim and Mike was on the playground.She, like you and Tom, is very tall. The girls as well as the boy have learned to speak Japanese.No one except my teachers knows anything about it.
名词考点聚焦
名词是英语的主要词汇之一，也是历年高考的重要考点。综合近几年高考对名词的考查，单项填空题中，每年都出现1—2道题。此外，在阅读理解和完形填空中，名词的一词多义、熟词新意也经常涉及。因此，在备考中一定要结合具体的语境去感悟、理解名词的辨析、名词的一词多义以及名词的习惯用法等。
①We always keep ______ spare paper, in case we ran out.
A. too much B. a number of C. plenty of D. a good many
【解析】 答案为C。“paper”作为“纸”解释时为不可数名词，所以先排除B和D两个选项。根据题意“我们总是准备充足的备用纸张，以防用光。”选择答案C。too much意为“太多”尽管修饰不可数名词，但用在这儿不符合题意。
②The young dancers looked so charming in their beautiful clothes that we took ___ pictures of them.
A. many of B. masses of C. the number of D. a large amount of
【解析】答案为B。【解析】答案为masses of 意为“大量的”既可修饰可数名词又可修饰不可数名词；the number of…意为“……的数量”；a large amount of意为“大量的”后接不可数名词；“many of”后接前面带有定冠词的名词，意为“……中的许多”。
一是考查语义方面的辨析：主要考查某些多义词在特定上下文中的引申含义,以及准确辨别一些同义、近义词在特定语境中的差异的能力。
①Most air pollution is caused by the burning of___ _ like coal, gas and oil.
A. fuels B. articles C. goods D. products
【解析】答案为A。由题干中的“coal，gas，oil”可知都是燃料，故正确答案A项意为“燃料”。articles意为“物品”；goods意为“货物、商品”；products意为“产品”。
②To save some of the human languages before they are forgotten,
the students in our school started a discussion “Save Our ”.
A. Sky B. Life C. Arts D. Voices
【解析】答案为D。由语境可知，此处指人类的语言，而语言是人类说的声音，因此用“voices”。
③—Shall we go out for a walk
—Sorry. This is not the right to invite me. I am too tired to walk.
A. moment B. situation C. place D. chance
【解析】答案为A。句意：“我们出去散散步好吗？”“对不起，这不是邀请我的合适的时间，我太累了而不想去散步。”moment意为“某一时刻，片刻”；situation意为“情形，状况”；place意为“地方”；chance意为“机会”。
④The top leaders of the two countries are holding talks in a friendly .
A. atmosphere B. state C. situation D. phenomenon
【解析】答案为A。句意：这两个国家的最高领导人在友好的气氛中进行交谈。atmosphere意为“气氛，氛围”；state意为“状态”；situation意为“形势，局面”；phenomenon意为“现象”。
⑤What’s the of having a public open space where you can’t eat, drink or even simply hang out for a
while
A. sense B. matter C. case D. opinion
【解析】答案为A。本题所设的语境是：有这样一个你在那里不能吃、不能喝甚至不能动的公共开放场所有什么意义呢？sense意为“意义、意识”；matter意为“问题，麻烦”；case意为“情况，问题”；opinion意为“意见，看法”。四个选项中只有A项符合语境。
二是考查搭配方面的辨析：主要考查固定句型中的名词、名词与动词的搭配以及名词与介词的搭配等。
①The young man made a ______to his parents that he would try to earn his own living after graduation.
A. prediction B. promise C. plan D. contribution
【解析】答案为B。句意：这位年轻人向他的父母许诺说毕业之后他将努力自食其力。make a promise意为“许诺、答应”其后的“that”从句为同位语从句，补充说明先行词“promise”的内容，其它选项不合句意。
②I bought a dress for only 2010 dollars in a sale; it was a real .
A. exchange B. bargain C. trade D. business
【解析】答案为B。bargain用作名词时，意为“廉价货，便宜货”，a real bargain意为“真便宜”。
③It is no arguing with Bill because he will never change his mind.
A. use B. help C. time D. way
【解析】答案为A。“it is no use后接动词+ing形式”或“动词+ing形式短语”表示“做某事没有用”。
④I have read the material several times but it doesn’t make any ________ to me.
A. meaning B. importance C. sense D. significance
【解析】答案为C。因为make sense意为“有意义、讲得通、有道理” 是固定习语。
⑤Don’t leave matches or cigarettes on the table within ________ of little children.
A. hand B. reach C. space D. distance
【解析】答案为B。within one’s reach意为“伸手拿（够）得到”，是习语。
主谓一致考点聚焦
◆动词不定式、动名词以及名词性从句作主语时的主谓一致
Most of what has been said about the Smiths _______also true of the Johnsons.
A. are B. is C. being D. to be
【解析】答案为B。本题的主语是主语从句通常看作不可数，“most of”修饰主语从句依然是不可数，谓语动词应该用单数形式。
◆one, either, neither, each等+of+复数名词或代词作主语时的主谓一致
—Each of the students, working hard at his or her lessons, ______ to go
to university.
—So do I.
A. hope B. hopes C. hoping D. hoped
【解析】答案为B。本题的主语是“each”，“of the students”作后置定语，修饰“each”。
◆由and连接并列主语时的主谓一致
①—Did you go to the show last night
—Yeah. Every boy and girl in the area ________invited.
A. were B. have been C. has been D. was
【解析】答案为D。主语是“every boy and girl”表示单数概念，故谓语动词用单数，且询问昨晚的情况，有明确的过去时间，所以应选择“was”。
②A poet and artist ________ coming to speak to us about Chinese literature and painting tomorrow afternoon.
A. is B. are C. was D. were
【解析】答案为A。此题中“and”连接的第二个名词“artist”前没有加冠词，说明指的是同一个人，应为单数。
◆定语从句中的主谓一致
He is the only one of the students who _____ a winner of scholarship for three years.
A. is B. are C. have been D. has been
【解析】答案为D。“the only one of +复数名词+定语从句”中的先行词是“the only one”，定语从句中谓语动词用单数形式，又结合时间状语“for three years“可知应使用现在完成时。
◆quantities of+名词作主语时的主谓一致
With more forests being destroyed, huge quantities of good earth ______ each year.
A. is washing away B. is being washed away
C. are washing away D. are being washed away
【解析】答案为D。一般讲“quantities of“不论修饰可数名词还是不可数名词，其短语作主语时，谓语动词用复数形式。
◆the number of与a number of的区别
①As you can see, the number of cars on our roads__________ rising these days.
A. was keeping B. keep C. keeps D. were keeping
【解析】答案为C。在“the number of +复数名词”中主语是“the number（数量）”，谓语动词用单数，根据语境，应使用现在时。
②Nowadays, a large number of women, especially those from the countryside, _______ in the clothing industry.
A. is working B. works C. work D. worked
【解析】答案为C。a number of +复数名词，谓语动词用复数，根据语境和时间状语Nowadays可知应使用一般现在时。
◆分数、百分数作主语时的主谓一致
①The company had about 20 notebook computers but only one-third_____ used regularly. Now we have 60 working all day long.
A. is B. are C. was D. were
【解析】答案为D。“one-third”是指“20台笔记本中的三分之一”，表示复数意义；根据语境，前后是今昔对比的描述，空格处应使用过去时。
【答案】
②_____ of the land in that district ______ covered with trees and grass.
A. Two fifth; is B. Two fifth; are C. Two fifths; is D. Two fifths; are
【解析】答案为C。分子大于“1”时，作分母的序数词要用复数形式，并且分数修饰的是不可数名词“land”，谓语动词用单数形式。
◆倒装句中的主谓一致
①At the foot of the mountain ________.
A. a village lie B. lies a village C. does a village lie D. lying a village
【解析】答案为B。这是一个全部倒装的句子，主语是“a village”。
②On top of the books _______the photo album you’re looking for.
A. is B. are C. has D. have
【解析】答案为A。作表语的介词短语放在句首时，使用全部倒装语序，句子的真正主语不是“books”，而是“the photo album”。
◆表示抽象概念的名词或词组作主语时的主谓一致
A survey of the opinions of experts _________that three hours of outdoor exercise a week ________ good for one’s health.
A. show; are B. shows; is C. show; is D. shows; are
【解析】答案为B。主句中的主语是“A survey”为单数，后有“of”短语作定语分隔；从句中的主语是“three hours”，是表示时间段的名词词组，看作一个整体，谓语动词用单数形式。
◆一些单复数形式相同的名词如作主语时的主谓一致
Every possible means _____to prevent the pollution, but the sky is still not clear.
A. is used B. are used C. has been used D. have been used
【解析】C。答案为“means”前有“every”修饰，说明是单数；根据语境，此处应使用现在完成时，表示对现在造成的结果或影响。
◆由连词“or， either…or…，neither…nor…，not only…but also…，whether…or…”等连接并列主语时的主谓一致（遵循就近一致原则）
Either you or the headmaster _______ the prizes to those gifted students at the meeting.
A. is handing out B. are to hand out C. are handing out D. is to hand out
【解析】答案为D。“either…or…”连接并列主语时，谓语动词应与最靠近的主语保持一致，锁定答案为A或D项。根据句意颁奖这一行为尚未发生，故选择D项。
◆主语后有“as well as， no less than， with， along with， together with， rather than， but， except， including”等短语作插入语时的主谓一致（遵循就远一致原则）,即跟它们前面的主语一致。
①We live day by day, but in the great things, the time of days and weeks _________ so small that a day is unimportant.
A. is B. are C. has been D. have been
【解析】答案为A。主语“time”和谓语动词之间插入了“of”短语作定语来迷惑考生，必须分析句子成分和结构才能慧眼识别出主语为“the time”。
②The father as well as his three children _________skating on the frozen river every Sunday afternoon in winter.
A. is going B. go C. goes D. are going
【解析】答案为C。本题的主语是“father”，“as well as”短语是插入成分，其后的名词不是主语的一部分。
1.When I was a child, my parents often taught me how to deal with dangerous .
A. organizations B. situations C. regulations D. positions
【答案与解析】 B situation“情形，境遇”；organization“组织”；regulation“规章，条例”；position“位
置，职位”。
2.It is said that the police have offered a large for information leading to the robber’s arrest.
A. award B. prize C. reward D. welfare
【答案与解析】C reward指对提供信息帮助抓捕盗贼的人应给予报酬、酬谢。welfare“福利”；award
表示因成绩优异或表现好而“获奖”；prize表示在比赛中因获胜而“得奖”。由此可知，最佳答案为C。句意：据说警察已为逮捕该盗贼而提供的信息提供重谢。
3. The young man acted strangely during the interview. He made a bad on the employer.
A. impression B. expression C. experience D. opinion
【答案与解析】A make a bad impression on sb. 给某人留下不好的印象。
4. Surely you can find the museum, for it is within easy of your hotel.
A. walk B. reach C. distance D. space
【答案与解析】B within easy reach 在附近(距离不远) 。句意为：你一定会找到那个博物馆的，因为离你的 ( http: / / gk. / " \o "全品高考网 )宾馆很近。
5.Each of us is likely to develop a personal _______ for certain types of entertainment.
A. comparison B. possession C. preference D. advantage
【答案与解析】C 句意为：我们每个人都有可能养成对某些娱乐活动的偏爱。preference 意为：偏爱，爱好。符合语境。
6.Much to the of the worried parents, their son finally came back safe and sound.
A. relief B. regret C. anger D. disappointment
【答案与解析】 A relief 安慰、宽慰。句意为：使这位焦虑的 ( http: / / gk. / " \o "全品高考网 )母亲大为宽慰的是，她们的 ( http: / / gk. / " \o "全品高考网 )儿子终于安然无恙地回来了。regret 遗憾、后悔；anger愤怒；disappointment失望。
7.Apart from his monthly salary as a sales manager, he also gets a travel ________ that covers hotel bills.
A. insurance B. circumstance C. allowance D. competence
【答案与解析】C travel allowance 出差补贴。句意为：作为一名销售经理，除了他的月薪以外，他还有出差补贴。insurance 保险，. circumstance 环境，competence 能力，权限。
8.Jack is not very decisive, and he always finds himself in a _______ as if he doesn't know
what he really wants to.
A. fantasy B. contradiction C. dilemma D. conflict
【答案与解析】C 句意：杰克很不果断，他总是觉得自己处在进退两难的 ( http: / / gk. / " \o "全品高考网 )境地，好像他不知道自己真的想干什么。fantasy“幻想”；contradiction “矛盾”；dilemma“困境；进退两难”；conflict“冲突；矛盾”。 dilemma符合题 ( http: / / gk. / " \o "全品高考网 )意。
9.A hot cup of tea on such a cold night was a real ________ to me.
A. respect B. moment C. comfort D. fortune
【答案与解析】C 在寒冷的日子里喝上一杯热茶应该是令人舒服的 ( http: / / gk. / " \o "全品高考网 )事，所以用comfort。respect尊敬；moment时刻；fortune财产；运气。
10.In order to put an end to poverty, the World Bank has switched its ______ to providing technical assistance and
long-term loans to developing countries.
A. concern B. process C. struggle D. focus
【答案与解析】D focus 意思是：焦点，重点。句意为：为了结束贫穷，世界银行已经把【工作的】重点转移到向发展中国家提供技术帮助和长期的 ( http: / / gk. / " \o "全品高考网 )贷款。
11.—Mr. Anderson is popular with his students, for he is kind, strict and knowledgeable.
—No wonder he has such a good ___.
A. expectation B. contribution C. reputation D. regulation
【答案与解析】C 第一个人所说的：因为和蔼、要求严格、知识渊博而深受学生欢迎应该是声望高的 ( http: / / gk. / " \o "全品高考网 )原因，因此选C，意思是：声望、名望。expectation 期待、期望；contribution贡献；regulation 规则。
12.There’s no doubt that the past years have seen _______of the progress in economy of the country , as more and more people moved into new houses.
A. impressions B. views C. signs D. features
【答案与解析】C sign 迹象。怪不得这些年见证了这个国家经济进步的迹象，因为越来越多的 ( http: / / gk. / " \o "全品高考网 )人们喜迁新居。impression 印象；view 观点、景色；feature特征。
13.Courageous people think quickly and act without .
A. anxiety B. consideration C. delay D. intention
【答案与解析】C without delay意为：毫不迟疑地。句意为：勇敢的人思维敏捷，行动果断。
14.—I really admire the people full of . I'm always tired.
—You’d better take more exercise.
A. power B. strength C. force D. energy
【答案与解析】D full of energy，意思是：充满活力的 ( http: / / gk. / " \o "全品高考网 )。句意为:----我很羡慕那些充满活力的人。我总是感到很疲劳。---你应该进行更多的 ( http: / / gk. / " \o "全品高考网 )训练。
15.The event not only promoted ________ of world hunger, but also raised a lot of money to help starving people.
A. information B. knowledge C. instruction D. awareness
【答案与解析】C awareness 意识。句意为：这个事件不仅能够提升人们对于世界饥饿的意识，而且也筹集了更多的 ( http: / / gk. / " \o "全品高考网 )资金来帮助那些饥饿的人们。information 信息，knowledge 知识；instruction指示，命令。
16.It’s really a ____________ for a teenager to study abroad after high school.
A. challenge B. puzzle C. failure D. disadvantage
【答案与解析】A句意：对于一个青少年来说中学毕业后去国外学习确实是个挑战。puzzle“难题 ( http: / / gk. / " \o "全品高考网 )”；failure“失败”；和disadvantage“缺点；不利条件”均不符合题意，challenge“挑战”符合题 ( http: / / gk. / " \o "全品高考网 )意。
17.This restaurant has become popular for its wide___ of foods that suit all tastes and pockets.
A. range B. circle C. area D. division
【答案与解析】A range范围。句意：这家饭店因为其适合各种口味和不同经济水平的食品而变得很深受欢迎。circle 阶层，领域；area 领域，方面；division部门，界限。
18.In a natural disaster，minutes and even seconds of warning can make the____ between life and death.
A. division B. difference C. separation D. sense
【答案与解析】B make the difference between …and…。意思是：在……和……之间有生差别。句意为：发生自然灾害时，几分钟甚至几秒钟的 ( http: / / gk. / " \o "全品高考网 )提前警告，都能产生生死之别。
19.AIDS control and prevention is a to China as well as the whole world.
A. surprise B. challenge C. reaction D. threat
【答案与解析】B challenge挑战。符合语境。句意为：艾滋病的治疗和预防对于我们中国和整个世界来说都是一个巨大的 ( http: / / gk. / " \o "全品高考网 )挑战。surprise 【一件】惊讶的事； reaction 反应；threat 威胁。
20.So far, I haven't adapted to the fast of the life in Toronto.
A. step B. style C. pace D. manner
【答案与解析】C step 步伐，style 风格；pace步速、节奏， manner习惯，方式。句意为：到目前为止，我还没有适应多伦多快节奏的 ( http: / / gk. / " \o "全品高考网 )生活。
21.Rose is Mr. Smith's secretary, so she has _______ to all his business e-mails.
A. power B. account C. way D. access
【答案与解析】D access 接触，使用。句意为：Rose是史密斯先生的秘书，所以他有权阅读他的 ( http: / / gk. / " \o "全品高考网 )商务邮件。power 力；account 账号； way 方法。
22.—Would you like this gold necklace, Madam
—It's beautiful, but out of my price ___.
A. control B. reach C. aim D. range
【答案与解析】D out of range在……的范围外。句意为：--夫人，你要买这件首饰吗？---很漂亮，但是超出了【我提供的 ( http: / / gk. / " \o "全品高考网 )】价格范围。
23.The local government provided _______ for the homeless soon after the flood.
A. possessions B. accommodations C. souvenirs D. groceries
【答案与解析】B 既然是帮助无家可归者，那么四个选项中只有accommodation（住处、膳宿）符合。句意为：洪水过后，当地政府向无家可归者提供了住所。possession 财产；souvenir 纪念品；grocery 食品杂货店。
24. Any help from you will be greatly appreciated. Please give me a reply at your earliest ______.
A. convenience B. consideration C. interruption D. imagination
【答案与解析】A at one’s convenience 意思是：在某人方便的时候。句意为：你们所提供的 ( http: / / gk. / " \o "全品高考网 )任何帮助我们都很感激，请在方便的时候尽早联系我们。
25.Is it he or you ______ in charge of the job and supposed to complete it punctually
A. who is B. that is C. who are D. whom are
【答案与解析】C 此处为强调句型，强调了主语 he or you，根据强调句型结构”It is／was+被强调部分+ that／who+其他”，首先排除D；谓语的 ( http: / / gk. / " \o "全品高考网 )单复数根据所强调 的主语he or you确定，or连接并列主语时采用就近一致原则，因此根据you确定谓语为are。
26.The family as well as their dog ________ on the roof by the flood.
A. was trapped B. trapped C. were trapped . D. trapping
【答案与解析】C 分析句子结构可以看出，句子缺少谓语动词。as well as 当作介词使用，后面的 ( http: / / gk. / " \o "全品高考网 )成分不能做主语，主语是The family，在这里指的是一家人，所以谓语动词用复数形式。人是被洪水困住的 ( http: / / gk. / " \o "全品高考网 )，所以用被动语态。句意为：那家人还有他们饲养的狗都被洪水困到了屋顶。
27.Britain ____ many other industrialized countries, ____ major changes over the last 100 years.
A. together with; have experienced B. as well as; have experienced
C. in common with; has experienced D. instead of; has experienced
【答案与解析】C
【解析】本题 ( http: / / gk. / " \o "全品高考网 )考查主谓一致。in common with意为“和……一样”,谓语动词单复数跟前面的主语保持一直。句意：与其它工业化国家一样，英国在过去100年里经历了重大的 ( http: / / gk. / " \o "全品高考网 )变化。 A、B项第一空together with，as well as意思及用法与in common with类似，均错在第二空；D项instead of“而不是”，不合句意。
28.Some necessary equipment as well as food and clothes_______ sent to the disaster-hit area since the powerful earthquake occurred.
A. has been B. have been C. is being D. are being
【答案与解析】A 这里的主语是Some necessary equipment，所以谓语动词用单数形式。时间状语为since+过去时，所以用完成时。
29. All possible means , but we can’t persuade him to change his mind.
A. has tried B. has been tried C. have tried D. have been tried
【答案与解析】D mean单数复数一个形式。在本题中代表复数。排除A和B。所有可能的方法都（被）试了，要用被动语态。
30.What the remote areas need ________education to children and what the children need ________good
textbooks at the moment.
A. is; are B. are; is C. was; were D. were; was
【答案与解析】A what引导的名词性从句作主语时，是单数还是复数由后面的意义决定。