安徽省黄山市2019-2022学年高二下学期英语期末试卷汇编：阅读理解专题（近三年）(含答案)
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安徽省黄山市2019-2022学年高二下学期英语期末试卷汇编
阅读理解专题
安徽省黄山市2021-2022学年高二下学期期末考试英语试题
第一节 （共15小题; 每小题2分, 满分30分）
阅读下列短文,从每题所给的四个选项(A、B、C、D)中选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
A
Spring is just around the corner, but if you are tired of sunflowers, tulips (郁金香) and other standard gardens, why not head to one of these mysterious and wonderful botanical gardens？
Butchart Gardens, British Columbia, Canada
One of the rarest flowers you’ll find at Butchart Gardens is the Meconopsis, otherwise known as the Tibetan blue poppy. The most impressive flowers can be found in the borders, where you’ll find over one million bedding plants. And although the gardens are famous for their perennials (多年生植物), 300,000 spring-flowering plants are grown every year, and over 900 varieties of plants are grown for the summer gardens alone.
Kirstenbosch National Botanical Garden, Cape Town, South Africa
Kirstenbosch National Botanical Garden is one of a handful of botanic gardens to grow only native plants. Some of the most popular varieties include the king protea, which produces enormous flowers between autumn and summer, and the rare silver tree, a silky-leaved plant, which experts believe could become extinct in the next 50 years.
Denver Botanic Gardens, Colorado, US
Once native to South Africa, these oddly-named flowers are famously drought-hardy, making them perfect for this part of North America. This garden is one of the few to focus on draught-tolerant plants from Colorado and the grasslands of Africa, Mongolia and Argentina. In fact, Colorado is home to nine species of endangered plant, and several can be found here.
Arctic-Alpine Botanic Garden, Tromso, Norway
Visit the world’s northernmost botanical garden and you’ll find a breathtaking collection of plants from the world’s polar and mountainous regions including, in the Himalaya section, the rare giant Tibetan blue poppy, with its huge flowers and metre-high stem. You’ll also see the Wilander buttercup, which can only be found in the quite terrible areas of Svalbard’s unforgiving icy islands.
21. Which botanical garden only plants local species
A. Arctic-Alpine Botanic Garden. B. Denver Botanic Gardens.
C. Butchart Gardens. D. Kirstenbosch National Botanical Garden.
22. Which is typical of the Tibetan blue poppy
A. Rare and hot-tolerant. B. Smelly and ill-looking.
C. Large and tall. D. Endangered and colorful.
23. What is the purpose of the text
A. To analyze the features of plants. B. To make an advertisement.
C. To protect the endangered plants. D. To introduce some fantastic gardens.
B
Dr. Eugenia South, director of the Urban Health Lab and Assistant Professor of Emergency Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, is a black doctor who hesitated to get the vaccine (疫苗), though faced with different kinds of vaccine from many places. But she researched vaccine safety and received her vaccine. Afterward she talked to other black doctors and friends, “ I realized a lot of people had the same concerns as I had, but they did not have the opportunity to talk to anyone about their concerns.” According to the Association of American Medical Colleges, only 5% of doctors are black. This means many black people do not have black doctors to talk to.
Many black people are hesitant to get the COVID-19 vaccine. “ They may not be able to trust the information that they are getting from their doctors or nurses or even public institutions,” says Dr. Shreya Kangovi, founding executive director (执行董事) of the Penn Center for Community Health Workers.
In January, Dr. South wrote an article for NBC News about her hesitation with the vaccine. She says her favourite part of writing the article was “ having the opportunity to share my story and to share it on such a platform. I’ve heard from a lot of people across the country that my words had an influence on them and they made a decision to get the vaccine because of what I wrote”.
Dr. South helped start a clinic in West Philadelphia, a part of the city where three quarters of people are black. More than 500 black people were vaccinated at the clinic in one day. She also did a call with 21 pastors (牧师) of black churches, telling them about her experience with the vaccine. Pastor W. Lonnie Herndon says, “ Her care and concern helped thousands get on board with getting the vaccine.”
24. What was Dr. South’s concern about the COVID-19 vaccine
A. Effects. B. Security. C. Costs. D. Production.
25. Why are so many black people unwilling to get vaccinated
A. They disbelieve the report from the authority.
B. They can’t afford to get the new medicine.
C. They’re not used to getting vaccinated so far.
D. They have the chance to escape from the disease.
26. Which of the following best describes Dr. South’s article for NBC News
A. Demanding. B. Theoretical. C. Controversial. D. Convincing.
27. What can be inferred from the last paragraph
A. Most black people still hesitate to get vaccinated.
B. Dr. South got much support from the local government.
C. Dr. South has done a lot in preventing the spread of COVID-19.
D. Black people are still short of knowledge about COVID-19.
C
A group that represents 5,500 independent filling stations around the UK says that two-thirds or more of its stations are out of fuel. Drivers have to visit many petrol stations in the hope of finding fuel, often waiting in line for hours to buy gas at the few stations that do have fuel.
Some people are calling for emergency workers to get special attention at filling stations. There are serious concerns about workers like doctors, nurses, and ambulance drivers being unable to work because of the shortage. Already the country’s National Health Service has had to cancel some visits by cancer patients because of the shortage.
The government says the problem is being caused by people buying more fuel than they need because they are scared. Some people are calling this petrol panic. Normally, gas and oil companies like BP, Shell and Esso are limited in how they work together. That’s meant to keep them from planning together to raise prices. Now, the government has given these companies temporary permission to work together to make sure that gas stations get supplies as quickly as possible.
But surveys have shown that the current gas problem isn’t caused by an actual lack of fuel. It’s that there aren’t enough truck drivers to deliver fuel to petrol stations. Experts believe that the UK is short of as many as 100,000 more drivers. The UK has had a shortage of truck drivers for years, but the problem has gotten far worse in the last 18 months. That’s because around 25,000 truck drivers from Europe have left the UK because of Brexit—the UK chose to leave the European Union.
In a short term effort to help solve the problem, the government has offered temporary permission for as many as 5,000 truck drivers from Europe to come over and drive trucks in the UK. But the UK truck drivers don’t believe many European drivers will be interested. They say truck drivers in the UK earn little and the working conditions aren’t good.
28. What do the first two paragraphs focus on concerning the gas shortage
A. The UK’s responses. B. Its processes.
C. People’s worries. D. Its consequences.
29. What’s the experts’ view on the cause of petrol panic
A. Gas prices have risen sharply. B. Gas transportation has gone wrong.
C. There are few petrol stations. D. Gas companies are to blame.
30. What can be learnt about the UK truck drivers
A. They are for Brexit. B. They get well paid.
C. They are urgently needed. D. They work long hours.
31. Where is the text most probably taken from
A. A newspaper report. B. An official document.
C. An environment paper. D. A drivers’ brochure.
D
Fonts (字体) are used to make letters look a certain way on computers or in books and magazines. If you’re writing a report, you can give a different look to the words in your report by choosing a different font. For example, you can make them look like handwriting or the lettering in a comic (漫画) book. Some fonts even make the letters look like funny shapes or drawings.
Scientists have discovered that people often remember things better if it is a little bit harder for them to read. The scientists have learned that if you are reading words that are difficult to recognize, your brain has to work a little bit harder to make sense of the words that your eyes are seeing. This extra work helps your brain remember what you are reading better.
Now professors at RMIT University in Melbourne, Australia, have taken this idea and created a font just for remembering things. The font, called Sans Forgetica, is a little bit hard to read on purpose.
There are two main things that make it hard to read. Probably the most obvious one is that all of the letters have gaps or holes in them. When the letters have these gaps, the brain has to fill in the gaps to recognize them. This makes readers slow down and contemplate as they read.
The other surprising thing about Sans Forgetica is that it slants (倾斜) backwards. You may be used to seeing words that slant toward the right. But Sans Forgetica slants the other way, which looks very unusual.
When someone creates a new font, they often sell it. But RMIT is giving away their font for free, hoping that it will quickly help students and other people who need to remember things while they’re reading. Sans Forgetica, which RMIT is calling “the font to remember”, can be downloaded at the university website.
32. What does paragraph 2 mainly discuss
A. How students read fonts clearly. B. The types of designing new fonts.
C. The theory of making new fonts. D. Why students stop to see the fonts.
33. What does the underlined word “ contemplate” in paragraph 4 mean
A. Hesitate. B. Reflect. C. Relax. D. Explain.
34. What does RMIT expect of Sans Forgetica
A. It’ll help speed up reading. B. It’ll earn profits for them.
C. It’ll be widely applied soon. D. It’ll make fonts look better.
35. What can be a suitable title for the text
A. A New Font Helps Readers Remember B. A New Font Has Been Recognized
C. Scientists Change the Existing Fonts D. Learning Tools Depend on New Fonts
安徽省黄山市2020-2021学年高二下学期期中考试英语试题
第一节 （共15小题; 每小题2分, 满分30分）
阅读下列短文,从每题所给的四个选项(A、B、C、D)中选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
A
Whether you’re travelling to the islands or the mountains of Thailand, you’re likely to spend at least one night in its capital city on the way. Bangkok might be noisy and polluted but it’s also an exciting city with plenty of things to see and do. Why not make it a longer stay
Where to stay
The Khao San Road was a famous traveller spot even before Leonardo di Caprio’s character in the film The Beach stayed there. But it’s noisy, not very pretty and not very Thai. For something more authentic, Phra Kanong offers an alternative place to stay, with its fantastic street markets where everyday Bangkok people eat, work and live. It’s not as convenient for the main tourist sites, but it has a Skytrain station so you can be at the Grand Palace in 20 minutes.
How to get around
Bangkok’s traffic can be a nightmare. Sure, you can easily take a taxi – if you want to spend hours stuck in traffic jams – but there are two much better ways to get around the city. To explore the temples and historical sites, catch an express boat river taxi or a longtail boat along the Chao Phraya river and the canals. For the modern part of the city, the Skytrain is a fast, cheap way to travel from the river to the shopping malls and nightlife of Sukhumvit, and the famous Chatuchak street market.
Where to eat
The simple answer is: everywhere! Thai street food is among the best in the world, and for around $5 you can eat a filling and delicious meal. Some food stands have little plastic seats where you can sit and eat and they cook the same dish over and over, like fried chicken on rice or Pad Thai noodles. Head for Chinatown – Yaowarat Street – and choose whatever looks most interesting from the many excellent Chinese and Thai restaurants and food stands.
21. Where can you experience local people’s life
A. Khao San Road. B. Phra Kanong. C. Sukhumvit. D. Yaowarat Street.
22. What can we learn from the passage
A. One night is enough time to see Bangkok.
B. The river boat taxis often get stuck in traffic too.
C. Taking the Skytrain is a faster way to see the city than going by taxi.
D. You need to choose where to eat carefully, as not everywhere is good.
23. Where is the text probably taken from
A. A text book. B. A science report. C. A guidebook. D. A book review.
B
Within 30 minutes of finding out a little boy named Bodie needed a kidney transplant (肾移植），Taylor Pikkarainen signed up to try and be his donor(捐献者).
Bodie Hall, from St. Michael, Minnesota, was born with a rare kidney disorder. Neither of his parents could donate their kidney to him and he needed a kidney transplant badly. “It’s like, how do you ask somebody to donate a kidney ” Bodie’s mom Gloria Hall said.
Dad, Brandon Hall, wasn’t a match, and Gloria had already donated a kidney to Bodie’ s older sister who had the same condition. “This was outside of our control,” Brandon said. He was placed on a kidney transplant list, but doctors advised them to go on social media to spread the word to find a donor.
Nurse Taylor Pikkarainen, is a friend of a friend. She said, “It’s definitely part of my calling, helping people. Even just reading his story and seeing his picture on the Facebook page made me think he was the cutest thing ever.” Pikkarainen, a traveling nurse from Minnesota, was working with COVID-19 patients in New Jersey when she heard about Bodie. She filled out the paperwork right then.
Doctors say it is hard to find a well-matched donor, but physicians at M Health Fairview concluded that Pikkarainen was the best match for Bodie out of several possible kidney donors.
The transplant happened on July 9,which was Pikkarainen’s birthday as well. “There’s no way to express how grateful we are, really,” Bodie’s mom said.
“We just told her ‘Thank you’,” his dad said. “We just couldn’t believe that she was willing to do something like that for us.”
Bodie is taking anti-rejection (抗排异药）medication, which will last for the rest of his life. Fortunately, the two of them have recovered and are doing well. In fact, Bodie’s mom said he looks healthier than ever - and even took his first steps not long after the operation!
24. What happened to Bodie
A. He injured his body seriously. B. He was too poor to get treatment.
C. He suffered from a deadly disease. D. He didn’t accept his sister’s kidney.
25. What did Pikkarainen do to help Bodie
A. She helped him find a donor. B. She donated her kidney to him.
C. She spread his story on social media. D. She raised money for his kidney transplant.
26. What did Bodie’s parents think of Pikkarainen’s act of kindness
A. It was out of their expectation.
B. It was a gift for Bodie’s birthday.
C. It was the most selfless act they had seen.
D. It was her special way of saying thank you.
27. What is the best title of the passage
A. How to Find a Donor B. The Lucky Boy is Recovering
C. Helpful Nurse Saves a Life D. The Powerful Social Media
C
Humans take first place when it comes to making long-term changes to the earth, but we aren’t the only species to make a mark with infrastructure(基础设施）．A new look at an 1868 map has shown that beaver dams (河狸坝）in Michigan have been holding strong for at least 150 years.
The map is the work of Lewis Henry Morgan, who first traveled to Michigan in the late 1850s for his railroad work and started studying the beavers in what is now the city of Ishpeming. The resulting book, 1868’s The American Beaver and His Works, had a map that included 64 beaver dams and their ponds (池塘）．It was Carol Johnston of South Dakota State University who realized the value in Morgan’s map to modern ecologists (生态学家）. She created an updated version using air photos and compared the two, discovering that about 72 percent of the dams and ponds still exist.
While not all of the dams are still in active use, the findings show the unusual engineering abilities of the North American beaver. The fact that so many structures are still standing after all this time is truly impressive; they are even older than many of humankind’s most beloved structures, including the Eiffel Tower. “The findings prove that beaver works have been changing the North American landscape for centuries,” Johnston says.
For more, check out Morgan’s work in full on the Internet Archive, which includes lovely passages like this one, “As the dam is not a necessity to the beaver, his normal living place being rather natural ponds and rivers, and holes in their banks, it is an amazing fact that he should have voluntarily worked himself, by means of dams and ponds of his own construction, from a natural to an artificial way of life.”
On that note, don’t forget that International Beaver Day is April 7. These guys deserve some serious praise.
28. Which word best describes the beaver dams according to the text
A. Huge. B. Common. C. Simple. D. Strong.
29. What can Morgan’s map be used for
A. Helping scientists study environmental changes.
B. Helping railroad builders avoid dangerous areas.
C. Helping Johnston remap Michigan’s rivers.
D. Helping researchers study how ponds are formed.
30. What do Johnston’s findings show
A. Beavers are dying out. B. Beavers are born engineers.
C. Beavers are teamwork animals. D. Beavers are important to humans.
31. What does the passage mentioned in paragraph 4 show
A. Morgan’s joy of figuring out the dams’ function.
B. Morgan’s wish to start International Beaver Day.
C. Morgan’s pride in finding beavers’ natural habitat.
D. Morgan’s surprise at beavers’ willingness to build dams.
D
Sometimes the simplest solution is the best one. That seems to be the case when it comes to the issue of wind turbines (涡轮机）killing birds.
According to a study conducted at a wind farm on the Norwegian archipelago of Sm la, changing the color of a single blade(叶片）on a turbine from white to black resulted in a 70-percent drop in the number of bird deaths.
In the past few years there has been a huge increase in global wind power, with more than
60 GW of new generating capacity(发电量）added worldwide in 2019. If the turbines are placed correctly, wind power is cheaper, cleaner and more sustainable(可持续的). Not to mention that a turbine farm is easier on the eye than a huge power plant.
But these farms aren’t good for everybody - especially not for local bat and bird populations. The US Fish and Wildlife Service calculated that nearly 300,000 birds were killed by wind turbines in 2015, which is a lot fewer than those that die as a result of hitting electrical power lines each year. Yet it still remains an environmental issue, even as bird deaths from turbines seem to be going down as the industry moves to larger turbine blades that move more slowly.
Studies have suggested that birds may not be skillful at noticing obstructions to their flight path, and adding different colored fan blades can increase birds’ chances of spotting a rapidly turning fan.
At the Sm la wind farm, regular checks of four particular wind turbines found the four turbines killed 18 birds that flew into the blades over six years. In 2013, on each of the turbines in the test group, a single blade was painted black. Over the next three years, only six birds were found dead due to hitting the wind turbines.
Researchers said the results are a step in the right direction toward better, more sustainable treatment of our flying friends.
32. Why have wind turbines killed birds
A. Their blades are too large. B. They are too high in the sky.
C. They are too close to each other. D. Their colors are unnoticeable.
33. What is paragraph 3 mainly about
A. What future wind turbines will look like.
B. Why wind power is more and more popular.
C. How much wind power has been produced.
D. Which way of generating electricity is cheaper.
34. Which is closest in meaning to the underlined word “obstructions” in paragraph 5
A. Ways. B. Sights. C. Guides. D. Blocks.
35. What can be inferred from the text
A. Man is learning to protect nature.
B. Birds like colorful things.
C. Birds are good at choosing flight routes.
D. Human activities lead to environmental problems.
安徽省黄山市2019-2020学年高二下学期期中考试英语试题
一、阅读理解
NASA Student Competitions
NASA Human Exploration Rover Challenge
Teams of high school and college students are challenged to design and build a human-powered vehicle to travel across the simulated(模拟的) surface of another world. The course includes 14 roadblocks and 5 tasks, and teams must successfully follow NASA instructions. Each U.S. school may enter up to two teams. For international entries, no more than four teams from each country will be accepted.
International Team Registration Deadline: July 12
U.S. Team Registration Deadline: August 16
NASA Lunabotics Competition
Lunabotics challenges teams to design, build and run their autonomously operated robot, travel through simulated off-world areas and dig the simulated lunar soil. This challenge includes presentations and demonstrations, and a systems engineering paper explaining the methodology the team uses to design and build their robot.
Registration Deadline: July 18
NASA SUITS Design Challenge
NASA Spacesuit User Interface Technologies for Students (SUITS) gives students an authentic engineering design experience supporting NASA’s Artemis mission—landing American astronauts safely on the Moon by 2024! This activity challenges students to design and create spacesuit information displays within AR environments.
Proposal Deadline: July 25
2020 BIG Idea Challenge
NASA’s 2020 Breakthrough, Innovative and Game-changing (BIG) Idea Challenge is open to teams of 5 to 20 students. Teams are challenged to submit proposals for sample lunar payloads(有效载荷) that demonstrate technology systems needed for exploration and science in the permanently shadowed regions in and near the Moon’s polar regions. Selected teams will receive awards from $50,000 to $180,000 to bring their ideas to life!
Entry Deadline: August 16
1．John, a student who is good at designing vehicles, can enter______________.
A．2020 BIG Idea Challenge B．NASA Lunabotics Competition
C．NASA SUITS Design Challenge D．NASA Human Exploration Rover Challenge
2．What does NASA Lunabotics Competition require of participants
A．They need to finish building their robot on July 18.
B．They have to complete a course of 5 tasks.
C．They need to create their own simulated environments.
D．They should write a paper showing how they build their robot.
3．Which of the following statements about the last two competitions is true
A．They both require submitting proposals before August.
B．They both ask participants to bring their ideas to life.
C．They are both preparations for Moon exploration.
D．Both of them will present winners with big awards.
The other day on a cold night, I left my wife and drove from Harrisburg to Lewisburg, a distance of about 100 miles. It was rather late. Several times I got stuck behind a slow-moving truck on a narrow road with a solid white line on my left, and I became increasingly impatient.
At one point along an open road, I came to a crossing with a traffic light. I was alone on the road by now, but as I drove near the light, it turned red and I made a stop. I looked left, right and behind me. Nothing. Not a car, no suggestion of car lamps, but there I sat, waiting for the light to change, the only human being for at least a mile in any direction.
I started wondering why I refused to run the light. I was not afraid of being caught, because there was clearly no policeman around, and there certainly would have been no danger in going through it.
Much later that night, the question of why I’d stopped for that light came back to me. I think I stopped because it’s part of a contract we all have with each other. It’s not only the law, but it’s an agreement we have, and we trust each other to honor it: we don’t go through red lights.
Trust is our first inclination. Doubting others does not seem to be natural to us. The whole construction of our society depends on mutual trust, not distrust. We do what we say we’ll do; we show up when we say we’ll show up; and we pay when we say we’ll pay. We trust each other in these matters, and we’re angry or disappointed with the person or organization that breaks the trust we have in them.
I am so proud of myself for stopping for the red light that night.
4．How does the author feel about the truck driver
A．Pleased. B．Satisfied. C．Sorry. D．Annoyed.
5．What can we infer about the author
A．He hates driving at night. B．He desired to cross the red light that night.
C．He approves of obeying traffic rules by himself. D．He is easy when suffering the traffic jam.
6．What is the meaning of the underlined word “inclination” in paragraph 5
A．Tendency. B．Faith.
C．Adjustment. D．Guidance.
7．What’s the message the author tries to convey
A．Politeness matters. B．Hold belief in human nature.
C．People should be patient and helpful. D．There’s a need to improve traffic rules.
Bill Gates’ body might live in the present, but his brain lives in the future. He has made a career out of predicting what will happen in matters of computing, public health and the environment. He correctly predicted the rise of smartphones and social media, and his latest predictions could come true, too. Here’s what Gates predicts for the future of our world.
In his Annual Letter 2015, Gates made the prediction that Africa’s agriculture industry would increase productivity by 50% by 2030. Now the continent buys about $50 billion worth of food from other countries each year, although 70% of people in Africa are farmers. “In the next 15 years，however，creations in farming will solve the food problem in Africa,” Gates wrote. “The world has already developed crops that are more productive; with all the technologies, African farmers could possibly double their harvests.”
By 2035, there could be almost no poor countries. In his Annual Letter 2014, Gates bravely predicted that continued levels of foreign help could mean there would be almost no more poor countries by 2035. “Almost all countries will be what we now call lower-middle income or richer,” Gates explained. “Countries will learn from their most productive neighbors and benefit from things like better seeds and the digital revolution. ”
By 2030, the world will discover a clean-energy breakthrough to power our world. One of Gate’s more hopeful predictions which came in 2016 said that wind, solar, or some other renewable resources would power most of the world within 15 years. “The difficulty we face is big, perhaps bigger than many people imagine,” he wrote in his letter. “But so is the chance to make things better.” Many of the poor countries he visited had no running water or electricity. At night this meant they couldn’t light or power their homes, and keep businesses open.” If the world can find a type of cheap, clean energy, it will do more than prevent climate change,” he wrote. “It will change the lives of millions of the poorest families.”
8．What does the author think of Gates’ predictions
A．They sound quite unreal. B．They are mainly about computers.
C．They will probably come true. D．They haven’t produced any end result.
9．How is the agriculture in Africa
A．It is losing its workforce. B．It is in need of productivity.
C．It can satisfy the local needs. D．It is as backward as Africa’s industry.
10．What should poor countries do according to Gates
A．Use expensive seeds. B．Expect less foreign help.
C．Rely on the digital revolution. D．Learn from the experience of other countries.
11．What’s Gates’ attitude to clean-energy development
A．It’s no easy task. B．It’s hard to imagine.
C．It can put climate change to an end. D．It has little to do with poor families.
The reality TV wildlife edition has just come to a dramatic end. The world watched as the bears packed on pounds before they went into their den (兽穴) for the winter. Over the next few months, Fat Bear Week winner, 435 Holly, will go into hibernation (冬眠). Why do bears do this
The mysteries around hibernating bears have attracted curious researchers for ages. What is hibernation, and what causes it And probably most interestingly — could humans do this someday
Dr. Kelly Drew, who studies hibernation, is one of the scientists consulting on a project funded by NASA, looking to put humans into hibernation for spaceflight. “For sending people to space, I think our first step is to perfect short-term hibernation-like periods in humans,” she says. “If we can figure this out, we can then try for longer periods.” We still have a long way to go before this science fiction dream becomes a reality, but several scientists around the country have been studying hibernation.
Cory Williams, at the University of Alaska Fairbanks, says, “A huge variety of mammals (哺乳动物) hibernate. However, hibernation in bears is different from that in small mammals…their body temperature only drops a few degrees and they don’t experience periodic rewarming.” In general, mammals with lower body temperatures during hibernation awaken every few days to raise their body temperature, or eat a bit. Bears do not emerge for any of these activities. Instead, they live off the fat they have collected during the summer and autumn months and even recycle their metabolic (新陈代谢的) waste.
At the moment, the study of hibernation has and continues to contribute greatly to applications in the human world. For example, bears are able to maintain their bone mass during hibernation, and understanding this could help advance the study of treating people with weak bones. Perhaps one day, it will be the key to sending humans far off into space too.
12．Why is 435 Holly mentioned in Paragraph 1
A．To show the popularity of Fat Bear Week. B．To introduce the topic of hibernation.
C．To call for the protection of bears. D．To advertise reality TV.
13．How do bears hibernate
A．They produce new body fat.
B．They lower their body temperature greatly.
C．They sleep through the whole winter.
D．They rewarm themselves regularly.
14．What’s the last paragraph mainly about
A．The new findings about hibernation. B．The significance of studying hibernation.
C．The ways bears maintain their bone mass. D．The barriers to sending humans into space.
15．What’s the best title for the text
A．What could bears and astronauts have in common
B．What effects does hibernation have on bears
C．Why do bears need to go into hibernation
D．How do humans and bears get along
参考答案
安徽省黄山市2021-2022学年高二下学期期末考试英语试题
第一节（共15小题；每小题2分，满分30分）
21-23 DCD 24-27 BADC 28-31DBCA 32-35 CBCA
安徽省黄山市2020-2021学年高二下学期期中考试英语试题
21-23 BCC 24-27 CBAC 28-31DABD 32-35 DBDA
安徽省黄山市2019-2020学年高二下学期期中考试英语试题
1．D
2．D
3．C
【解析】
【分析】
这是一篇应用文。文章主要介绍了四个美国国家航空航天局学生比赛，介绍了比赛内容和截止日期等信息。
1．
细节理解题。根据NASA Human Exploration Rover Challenge部分中Teams of high school and college students are challenged to design and build a human-powered vehicle to travel across the simulated(模拟的) surface of another world.可知高中生和大学生组成的团队面临设计和制造一辆人力汽车的挑战，以穿越另一个世界的模拟表面。由此可知，擅长设计飞行器的学生John可以参加NASA Human Exploration Rover Challenge。故选D。
2．
细节理解题。根据NASA Lunabotics Competition部分中This challenge includes presentations and demonstrations, and a systems engineering paper explaining the methodology the team uses to design and build their robot.可知这项挑战包括展示和演示，以及解释团队设计和制造机器人所用方法的系统工程论文。由此可知，NASA Lunabotics Competition要求参赛者写一篇论文说明他们如何建造他们的机器人。故选D。
3．
细节理解题。根据NASA SUITS Design Challenge部分中NASA Spacesuit User Interface Technologies for Students (SUITS) gives students an authentic engineering design experience supporting NASA’s Artemis mission—landing American astronauts safely on the Moon by 2024!可知NASA航天服用户界面技术为学生提供了一个真实的工程设计经验，支持NASA的Artemis任务——美国宇航员在2024年安全着陆月球！以及2020 BIG Idea Challenge部分中Teams are challenged to submit proposals for sample lunar payloads(有效载荷) that demonstrate technology systems needed for exploration and science in the permanently shadowed regions in and near the Moon’s polar regions.可知研究小组面临的挑战是提交月球有效载荷样本的提案，以演示在月球两极地区和附近永久阴影地区进行探索和科学研究所需的技术系统。由此可知，后两个比赛都在为月球探索做准备。故C选项“他们都在为月球探索做准备”正确。故选C。
4．D
5．C
6．A
7．B
【解析】
【分析】
这是一篇夹叙夹议文。作者在一个寒冷的夜晚，驱车从哈里斯堡前往大约100英里远的刘易斯堡。在一个宽阔道路的一个地方，作者来到了一个有交通灯的十字路口时，红灯亮了，作者停了下来。在没人的情况下作者也没有闯红灯，过后作者感悟到停车是因为这是人们彼此之间的契约的一部分。人们应该互相信任。
4．
推理判断题。根据第一段中Several times I got stuck behind a slow-moving truck on a narrow road with a solid white line on my left, and I became increasingly impatient.可知有好几次，我在一条狭窄的路上被一辆缓慢行驶的卡车堵在后面，我的左边有一条白线，我越来越不耐烦了。由此可推知，作者觉得卡车司机很烦人。故选D。
5．
推理判断题。根据第四段中I think I stopped because it’s part of a contract we all have with each other. It’s not only the law, but it’s an agreement we have, and we trust each other to honor it: we don’t go through red lights.可知我想我停止是因为这是我们彼此之间的契约的一部分。这不仅是法律，也是我们达成的协议，我们相互信任，信守它：我们不闯红灯。由此可推知，作者赞成自觉遵守交通规则。故选C。
6．
词义猜测题。根据后文Doubting others does not seem to be natural to us.可知对我们来说，怀疑别人似乎是不自然的。由此可知，划线单词句子的意思是：信任是我们的第一倾向。即划线单词意思为“倾向”。A. Tendency.倾向；B. Faith.信仰；C. Adjustment.调整；D. Guidance.指导。故选A。
7．
推理判断题。根据倒数第二段Trust is our first inclination. Doubting others does not seem to be natural to us. The whole construction of our society depends on mutual trust, not distrust. We do what we say we’ll do; we show up when we say we’ll show up; and we pay when we say we’ll pay. We trust each other in these matters, and we’re angry or disappointed with the person or organization that breaks the trust we have in them.可知信任是我们的第一倾向。对我们来说，怀疑别人似乎是不自然的。我们整个社会的建设依靠的是相互信任，而不是不信任。我们说到做到；我们说到就到；我们说什么时候付钱就什么时候付钱。在这些事情上，我们彼此信任，对于那些破坏我们对他们的信任的人或组织，我们感到愤怒或失望。由此可推知，作者试图传达的信息是相信人之间互相信任的关系，相信人性。故选B。
8．C
9．B
10．D
11．A
【解析】
【分析】
这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了Bill Gates对于未来世界的预测，他预测到2030年非洲农业生产力将提高50%，到2035年将几乎没有贫穷国家以及到2030年世界对于清洁能源的发现，会有突破，并为我们的世界提供能源。
8．
细节理解题。根据第一段中He correctly predicted the rise of smartphones and social media, and his latest predictions could come true, too.可知他正确地预测了智能手机和社交媒体的崛起，他的最新预测也有可能成为现实。由此可知，作者认为Gates的预测很可能会成为现实。故选C。
9．
推理判断题。根据第二段中In his Annual Letter 2015, Gates made the prediction that Africa’s agriculture industry would increase productivity by 50% by 2030.可知Gates在2015年的年度信中预测，到2030年，非洲农业生产力将提高50%。由此可推知，非洲的农业需要生产力。故选B。
10．
细节理解题。根据第三段中Countries will learn from their most productive neighbors and benefit from things like better seeds and the digital revolution.可知各国将向生产力最高的邻国学习，并从更好的种子和数字革命等方面获益。由此可知，根据Gates的观点，贫穷国家应该学习其他国家的经验。故选D。
11．
推理判断题。根据最后一段中“The difficulty we face is big, perhaps bigger than many people imagine,” he wrote in his letter.可知“我们面临的困难很大，可能比许多人想象的还要大，”他在信中写道。由此可推知，Gates认为发展清洁能源不是一件容易的事。故选A。
12．B
13．C
14．B
15．A
【解析】
【分析】
本文是说明文。文章通过对熊冬眠的观察和研究，说明了对冬眠的研究已经并将继续为人类世界的应用，尤其是航天事业做出巨大贡献。
12．
推理判断题。第一段 The world watched as the bears packed on pounds before they went into their den (兽穴) for the winter. Over the next few months, Fat Bear Week winner, 435 Holly, will go into hibernation(冬眠).提到435 Holly要进入洞穴冬眠。下文详细介绍对熊冬眠的观察和研究，由此推知，开头提到435 Holly是为了引出冬眠的话题。故选B。
13．
推理判断题。根据第一段Over the next few months, Fat Bear Week winner, 435 Holly, will go into hibernation (冬眠).可知，熊在随后的几个月会进入冬眠。根据第四段Instead, they live off the fat they have collected during the summer and autumn months and even recycle their metabolic (新陈代谢的) waste.可知，熊在冬眠期间以夏天和秋天积攒的脂肪甚至新陈代谢物为食料。综上可知，熊会在整个冬天冬眠几个月。故选C。
14．
主旨大意题。文章最后一段the study of hibernation has and continues to contribute greatly to applications in the human world.提到关于冬眠的研究已经并将继续为人类世界的应用做出巨大贡献。随后举例说明熊能够在冬眠期间保持它们的骨量，了解这一点有助于推进治疗骨质疏松患者的研究。由此可知，本段是在阐述研究冬眠的意义。故选B。
15．
主旨大意题。根据第三段中的Dr. Kelly Drew, who studies hibernation, is one of the scientists consulting on a project funded by NASA, looking to put humans into hibernation for spaceflight. “For sending people to space, I think our first step is to perfect short-term hibernation-like periods in humans, ”可知，Dr. Kelly Drew是研究冬眠的科学家之一，为美国国家航空航天局资助的一个项目提供咨询，该项目旨在让人类进入冬眠以便进行太空飞行。最后一段Perhaps one day, it will be the key to sending humans far off into space too.提到也许有一天，对冬眠的研究将成为把人类送入太空的关键。以上内容都涉及到研究熊冬眠对航天飞行的意义，A项“熊和宇航员有什么共同之处？”概括了以上内容，适合作为文章标题，其他选项不是本文谈论内容。故选A。
阅读理解专题
安徽省黄山市2021-2022学年高二下学期期末考试英语试题
第一节 （共15小题; 每小题2分, 满分30分）
阅读下列短文,从每题所给的四个选项(A、B、C、D)中选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
A
Spring is just around the corner, but if you are tired of sunflowers, tulips (郁金香) and other standard gardens, why not head to one of these mysterious and wonderful botanical gardens？
Butchart Gardens, British Columbia, Canada
One of the rarest flowers you’ll find at Butchart Gardens is the Meconopsis, otherwise known as the Tibetan blue poppy. The most impressive flowers can be found in the borders, where you’ll find over one million bedding plants. And although the gardens are famous for their perennials (多年生植物), 300,000 spring-flowering plants are grown every year, and over 900 varieties of plants are grown for the summer gardens alone.
Kirstenbosch National Botanical Garden, Cape Town, South Africa
Kirstenbosch National Botanical Garden is one of a handful of botanic gardens to grow only native plants. Some of the most popular varieties include the king protea, which produces enormous flowers between autumn and summer, and the rare silver tree, a silky-leaved plant, which experts believe could become extinct in the next 50 years.
Denver Botanic Gardens, Colorado, US
Once native to South Africa, these oddly-named flowers are famously drought-hardy, making them perfect for this part of North America. This garden is one of the few to focus on draught-tolerant plants from Colorado and the grasslands of Africa, Mongolia and Argentina. In fact, Colorado is home to nine species of endangered plant, and several can be found here.
Arctic-Alpine Botanic Garden, Tromso, Norway
Visit the world’s northernmost botanical garden and you’ll find a breathtaking collection of plants from the world’s polar and mountainous regions including, in the Himalaya section, the rare giant Tibetan blue poppy, with its huge flowers and metre-high stem. You’ll also see the Wilander buttercup, which can only be found in the quite terrible areas of Svalbard’s unforgiving icy islands.
21. Which botanical garden only plants local species
A. Arctic-Alpine Botanic Garden. B. Denver Botanic Gardens.
C. Butchart Gardens. D. Kirstenbosch National Botanical Garden.
22. Which is typical of the Tibetan blue poppy
A. Rare and hot-tolerant. B. Smelly and ill-looking.
C. Large and tall. D. Endangered and colorful.
23. What is the purpose of the text
A. To analyze the features of plants. B. To make an advertisement.
C. To protect the endangered plants. D. To introduce some fantastic gardens.
B
Dr. Eugenia South, director of the Urban Health Lab and Assistant Professor of Emergency Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, is a black doctor who hesitated to get the vaccine (疫苗), though faced with different kinds of vaccine from many places. But she researched vaccine safety and received her vaccine. Afterward she talked to other black doctors and friends, “ I realized a lot of people had the same concerns as I had, but they did not have the opportunity to talk to anyone about their concerns.” According to the Association of American Medical Colleges, only 5% of doctors are black. This means many black people do not have black doctors to talk to.
Many black people are hesitant to get the COVID-19 vaccine. “ They may not be able to trust the information that they are getting from their doctors or nurses or even public institutions,” says Dr. Shreya Kangovi, founding executive director (执行董事) of the Penn Center for Community Health Workers.
In January, Dr. South wrote an article for NBC News about her hesitation with the vaccine. She says her favourite part of writing the article was “ having the opportunity to share my story and to share it on such a platform. I’ve heard from a lot of people across the country that my words had an influence on them and they made a decision to get the vaccine because of what I wrote”.
Dr. South helped start a clinic in West Philadelphia, a part of the city where three quarters of people are black. More than 500 black people were vaccinated at the clinic in one day. She also did a call with 21 pastors (牧师) of black churches, telling them about her experience with the vaccine. Pastor W. Lonnie Herndon says, “ Her care and concern helped thousands get on board with getting the vaccine.”
24. What was Dr. South’s concern about the COVID-19 vaccine
A. Effects. B. Security. C. Costs. D. Production.
25. Why are so many black people unwilling to get vaccinated
A. They disbelieve the report from the authority.
B. They can’t afford to get the new medicine.
C. They’re not used to getting vaccinated so far.
D. They have the chance to escape from the disease.
26. Which of the following best describes Dr. South’s article for NBC News
A. Demanding. B. Theoretical. C. Controversial. D. Convincing.
27. What can be inferred from the last paragraph
A. Most black people still hesitate to get vaccinated.
B. Dr. South got much support from the local government.
C. Dr. South has done a lot in preventing the spread of COVID-19.
D. Black people are still short of knowledge about COVID-19.
C
A group that represents 5,500 independent filling stations around the UK says that two-thirds or more of its stations are out of fuel. Drivers have to visit many petrol stations in the hope of finding fuel, often waiting in line for hours to buy gas at the few stations that do have fuel.
Some people are calling for emergency workers to get special attention at filling stations. There are serious concerns about workers like doctors, nurses, and ambulance drivers being unable to work because of the shortage. Already the country’s National Health Service has had to cancel some visits by cancer patients because of the shortage.
The government says the problem is being caused by people buying more fuel than they need because they are scared. Some people are calling this petrol panic. Normally, gas and oil companies like BP, Shell and Esso are limited in how they work together. That’s meant to keep them from planning together to raise prices. Now, the government has given these companies temporary permission to work together to make sure that gas stations get supplies as quickly as possible.
But surveys have shown that the current gas problem isn’t caused by an actual lack of fuel. It’s that there aren’t enough truck drivers to deliver fuel to petrol stations. Experts believe that the UK is short of as many as 100,000 more drivers. The UK has had a shortage of truck drivers for years, but the problem has gotten far worse in the last 18 months. That’s because around 25,000 truck drivers from Europe have left the UK because of Brexit—the UK chose to leave the European Union.
In a short term effort to help solve the problem, the government has offered temporary permission for as many as 5,000 truck drivers from Europe to come over and drive trucks in the UK. But the UK truck drivers don’t believe many European drivers will be interested. They say truck drivers in the UK earn little and the working conditions aren’t good.
28. What do the first two paragraphs focus on concerning the gas shortage
A. The UK’s responses. B. Its processes.
C. People’s worries. D. Its consequences.
29. What’s the experts’ view on the cause of petrol panic
A. Gas prices have risen sharply. B. Gas transportation has gone wrong.
C. There are few petrol stations. D. Gas companies are to blame.
30. What can be learnt about the UK truck drivers
A. They are for Brexit. B. They get well paid.
C. They are urgently needed. D. They work long hours.
31. Where is the text most probably taken from
A. A newspaper report. B. An official document.
C. An environment paper. D. A drivers’ brochure.
D
Fonts (字体) are used to make letters look a certain way on computers or in books and magazines. If you’re writing a report, you can give a different look to the words in your report by choosing a different font. For example, you can make them look like handwriting or the lettering in a comic (漫画) book. Some fonts even make the letters look like funny shapes or drawings.
Scientists have discovered that people often remember things better if it is a little bit harder for them to read. The scientists have learned that if you are reading words that are difficult to recognize, your brain has to work a little bit harder to make sense of the words that your eyes are seeing. This extra work helps your brain remember what you are reading better.
Now professors at RMIT University in Melbourne, Australia, have taken this idea and created a font just for remembering things. The font, called Sans Forgetica, is a little bit hard to read on purpose.
There are two main things that make it hard to read. Probably the most obvious one is that all of the letters have gaps or holes in them. When the letters have these gaps, the brain has to fill in the gaps to recognize them. This makes readers slow down and contemplate as they read.
The other surprising thing about Sans Forgetica is that it slants (倾斜) backwards. You may be used to seeing words that slant toward the right. But Sans Forgetica slants the other way, which looks very unusual.
When someone creates a new font, they often sell it. But RMIT is giving away their font for free, hoping that it will quickly help students and other people who need to remember things while they’re reading. Sans Forgetica, which RMIT is calling “the font to remember”, can be downloaded at the university website.
32. What does paragraph 2 mainly discuss
A. How students read fonts clearly. B. The types of designing new fonts.
C. The theory of making new fonts. D. Why students stop to see the fonts.
33. What does the underlined word “ contemplate” in paragraph 4 mean
A. Hesitate. B. Reflect. C. Relax. D. Explain.
34. What does RMIT expect of Sans Forgetica
A. It’ll help speed up reading. B. It’ll earn profits for them.
C. It’ll be widely applied soon. D. It’ll make fonts look better.
35. What can be a suitable title for the text
A. A New Font Helps Readers Remember B. A New Font Has Been Recognized
C. Scientists Change the Existing Fonts D. Learning Tools Depend on New Fonts
安徽省黄山市2020-2021学年高二下学期期中考试英语试题
第一节 （共15小题; 每小题2分, 满分30分）
阅读下列短文,从每题所给的四个选项(A、B、C、D)中选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
A
Whether you’re travelling to the islands or the mountains of Thailand, you’re likely to spend at least one night in its capital city on the way. Bangkok might be noisy and polluted but it’s also an exciting city with plenty of things to see and do. Why not make it a longer stay
Where to stay
The Khao San Road was a famous traveller spot even before Leonardo di Caprio’s character in the film The Beach stayed there. But it’s noisy, not very pretty and not very Thai. For something more authentic, Phra Kanong offers an alternative place to stay, with its fantastic street markets where everyday Bangkok people eat, work and live. It’s not as convenient for the main tourist sites, but it has a Skytrain station so you can be at the Grand Palace in 20 minutes.
How to get around
Bangkok’s traffic can be a nightmare. Sure, you can easily take a taxi – if you want to spend hours stuck in traffic jams – but there are two much better ways to get around the city. To explore the temples and historical sites, catch an express boat river taxi or a longtail boat along the Chao Phraya river and the canals. For the modern part of the city, the Skytrain is a fast, cheap way to travel from the river to the shopping malls and nightlife of Sukhumvit, and the famous Chatuchak street market.
Where to eat
The simple answer is: everywhere! Thai street food is among the best in the world, and for around $5 you can eat a filling and delicious meal. Some food stands have little plastic seats where you can sit and eat and they cook the same dish over and over, like fried chicken on rice or Pad Thai noodles. Head for Chinatown – Yaowarat Street – and choose whatever looks most interesting from the many excellent Chinese and Thai restaurants and food stands.
21. Where can you experience local people’s life
A. Khao San Road. B. Phra Kanong. C. Sukhumvit. D. Yaowarat Street.
22. What can we learn from the passage
A. One night is enough time to see Bangkok.
B. The river boat taxis often get stuck in traffic too.
C. Taking the Skytrain is a faster way to see the city than going by taxi.
D. You need to choose where to eat carefully, as not everywhere is good.
23. Where is the text probably taken from
A. A text book. B. A science report. C. A guidebook. D. A book review.
B
Within 30 minutes of finding out a little boy named Bodie needed a kidney transplant (肾移植），Taylor Pikkarainen signed up to try and be his donor(捐献者).
Bodie Hall, from St. Michael, Minnesota, was born with a rare kidney disorder. Neither of his parents could donate their kidney to him and he needed a kidney transplant badly. “It’s like, how do you ask somebody to donate a kidney ” Bodie’s mom Gloria Hall said.
Dad, Brandon Hall, wasn’t a match, and Gloria had already donated a kidney to Bodie’ s older sister who had the same condition. “This was outside of our control,” Brandon said. He was placed on a kidney transplant list, but doctors advised them to go on social media to spread the word to find a donor.
Nurse Taylor Pikkarainen, is a friend of a friend. She said, “It’s definitely part of my calling, helping people. Even just reading his story and seeing his picture on the Facebook page made me think he was the cutest thing ever.” Pikkarainen, a traveling nurse from Minnesota, was working with COVID-19 patients in New Jersey when she heard about Bodie. She filled out the paperwork right then.
Doctors say it is hard to find a well-matched donor, but physicians at M Health Fairview concluded that Pikkarainen was the best match for Bodie out of several possible kidney donors.
The transplant happened on July 9,which was Pikkarainen’s birthday as well. “There’s no way to express how grateful we are, really,” Bodie’s mom said.
“We just told her ‘Thank you’,” his dad said. “We just couldn’t believe that she was willing to do something like that for us.”
Bodie is taking anti-rejection (抗排异药）medication, which will last for the rest of his life. Fortunately, the two of them have recovered and are doing well. In fact, Bodie’s mom said he looks healthier than ever - and even took his first steps not long after the operation!
24. What happened to Bodie
A. He injured his body seriously. B. He was too poor to get treatment.
C. He suffered from a deadly disease. D. He didn’t accept his sister’s kidney.
25. What did Pikkarainen do to help Bodie
A. She helped him find a donor. B. She donated her kidney to him.
C. She spread his story on social media. D. She raised money for his kidney transplant.
26. What did Bodie’s parents think of Pikkarainen’s act of kindness
A. It was out of their expectation.
B. It was a gift for Bodie’s birthday.
C. It was the most selfless act they had seen.
D. It was her special way of saying thank you.
27. What is the best title of the passage
A. How to Find a Donor B. The Lucky Boy is Recovering
C. Helpful Nurse Saves a Life D. The Powerful Social Media
C
Humans take first place when it comes to making long-term changes to the earth, but we aren’t the only species to make a mark with infrastructure(基础设施）．A new look at an 1868 map has shown that beaver dams (河狸坝）in Michigan have been holding strong for at least 150 years.
The map is the work of Lewis Henry Morgan, who first traveled to Michigan in the late 1850s for his railroad work and started studying the beavers in what is now the city of Ishpeming. The resulting book, 1868’s The American Beaver and His Works, had a map that included 64 beaver dams and their ponds (池塘）．It was Carol Johnston of South Dakota State University who realized the value in Morgan’s map to modern ecologists (生态学家）. She created an updated version using air photos and compared the two, discovering that about 72 percent of the dams and ponds still exist.
While not all of the dams are still in active use, the findings show the unusual engineering abilities of the North American beaver. The fact that so many structures are still standing after all this time is truly impressive; they are even older than many of humankind’s most beloved structures, including the Eiffel Tower. “The findings prove that beaver works have been changing the North American landscape for centuries,” Johnston says.
For more, check out Morgan’s work in full on the Internet Archive, which includes lovely passages like this one, “As the dam is not a necessity to the beaver, his normal living place being rather natural ponds and rivers, and holes in their banks, it is an amazing fact that he should have voluntarily worked himself, by means of dams and ponds of his own construction, from a natural to an artificial way of life.”
On that note, don’t forget that International Beaver Day is April 7. These guys deserve some serious praise.
28. Which word best describes the beaver dams according to the text
A. Huge. B. Common. C. Simple. D. Strong.
29. What can Morgan’s map be used for
A. Helping scientists study environmental changes.
B. Helping railroad builders avoid dangerous areas.
C. Helping Johnston remap Michigan’s rivers.
D. Helping researchers study how ponds are formed.
30. What do Johnston’s findings show
A. Beavers are dying out. B. Beavers are born engineers.
C. Beavers are teamwork animals. D. Beavers are important to humans.
31. What does the passage mentioned in paragraph 4 show
A. Morgan’s joy of figuring out the dams’ function.
B. Morgan’s wish to start International Beaver Day.
C. Morgan’s pride in finding beavers’ natural habitat.
D. Morgan’s surprise at beavers’ willingness to build dams.
D
Sometimes the simplest solution is the best one. That seems to be the case when it comes to the issue of wind turbines (涡轮机）killing birds.
According to a study conducted at a wind farm on the Norwegian archipelago of Sm la, changing the color of a single blade(叶片）on a turbine from white to black resulted in a 70-percent drop in the number of bird deaths.
In the past few years there has been a huge increase in global wind power, with more than
60 GW of new generating capacity(发电量）added worldwide in 2019. If the turbines are placed correctly, wind power is cheaper, cleaner and more sustainable(可持续的). Not to mention that a turbine farm is easier on the eye than a huge power plant.
But these farms aren’t good for everybody - especially not for local bat and bird populations. The US Fish and Wildlife Service calculated that nearly 300,000 birds were killed by wind turbines in 2015, which is a lot fewer than those that die as a result of hitting electrical power lines each year. Yet it still remains an environmental issue, even as bird deaths from turbines seem to be going down as the industry moves to larger turbine blades that move more slowly.
Studies have suggested that birds may not be skillful at noticing obstructions to their flight path, and adding different colored fan blades can increase birds’ chances of spotting a rapidly turning fan.
At the Sm la wind farm, regular checks of four particular wind turbines found the four turbines killed 18 birds that flew into the blades over six years. In 2013, on each of the turbines in the test group, a single blade was painted black. Over the next three years, only six birds were found dead due to hitting the wind turbines.
Researchers said the results are a step in the right direction toward better, more sustainable treatment of our flying friends.
32. Why have wind turbines killed birds
A. Their blades are too large. B. They are too high in the sky.
C. They are too close to each other. D. Their colors are unnoticeable.
33. What is paragraph 3 mainly about
A. What future wind turbines will look like.
B. Why wind power is more and more popular.
C. How much wind power has been produced.
D. Which way of generating electricity is cheaper.
34. Which is closest in meaning to the underlined word “obstructions” in paragraph 5
A. Ways. B. Sights. C. Guides. D. Blocks.
35. What can be inferred from the text
A. Man is learning to protect nature.
B. Birds like colorful things.
C. Birds are good at choosing flight routes.
D. Human activities lead to environmental problems.
安徽省黄山市2019-2020学年高二下学期期中考试英语试题
一、阅读理解
NASA Student Competitions
NASA Human Exploration Rover Challenge
Teams of high school and college students are challenged to design and build a human-powered vehicle to travel across the simulated(模拟的) surface of another world. The course includes 14 roadblocks and 5 tasks, and teams must successfully follow NASA instructions. Each U.S. school may enter up to two teams. For international entries, no more than four teams from each country will be accepted.
International Team Registration Deadline: July 12
U.S. Team Registration Deadline: August 16
NASA Lunabotics Competition
Lunabotics challenges teams to design, build and run their autonomously operated robot, travel through simulated off-world areas and dig the simulated lunar soil. This challenge includes presentations and demonstrations, and a systems engineering paper explaining the methodology the team uses to design and build their robot.
Registration Deadline: July 18
NASA SUITS Design Challenge
NASA Spacesuit User Interface Technologies for Students (SUITS) gives students an authentic engineering design experience supporting NASA’s Artemis mission—landing American astronauts safely on the Moon by 2024! This activity challenges students to design and create spacesuit information displays within AR environments.
Proposal Deadline: July 25
2020 BIG Idea Challenge
NASA’s 2020 Breakthrough, Innovative and Game-changing (BIG) Idea Challenge is open to teams of 5 to 20 students. Teams are challenged to submit proposals for sample lunar payloads(有效载荷) that demonstrate technology systems needed for exploration and science in the permanently shadowed regions in and near the Moon’s polar regions. Selected teams will receive awards from $50,000 to $180,000 to bring their ideas to life!
Entry Deadline: August 16
1．John, a student who is good at designing vehicles, can enter______________.
A．2020 BIG Idea Challenge B．NASA Lunabotics Competition
C．NASA SUITS Design Challenge D．NASA Human Exploration Rover Challenge
2．What does NASA Lunabotics Competition require of participants
A．They need to finish building their robot on July 18.
B．They have to complete a course of 5 tasks.
C．They need to create their own simulated environments.
D．They should write a paper showing how they build their robot.
3．Which of the following statements about the last two competitions is true
A．They both require submitting proposals before August.
B．They both ask participants to bring their ideas to life.
C．They are both preparations for Moon exploration.
D．Both of them will present winners with big awards.
The other day on a cold night, I left my wife and drove from Harrisburg to Lewisburg, a distance of about 100 miles. It was rather late. Several times I got stuck behind a slow-moving truck on a narrow road with a solid white line on my left, and I became increasingly impatient.
At one point along an open road, I came to a crossing with a traffic light. I was alone on the road by now, but as I drove near the light, it turned red and I made a stop. I looked left, right and behind me. Nothing. Not a car, no suggestion of car lamps, but there I sat, waiting for the light to change, the only human being for at least a mile in any direction.
I started wondering why I refused to run the light. I was not afraid of being caught, because there was clearly no policeman around, and there certainly would have been no danger in going through it.
Much later that night, the question of why I’d stopped for that light came back to me. I think I stopped because it’s part of a contract we all have with each other. It’s not only the law, but it’s an agreement we have, and we trust each other to honor it: we don’t go through red lights.
Trust is our first inclination. Doubting others does not seem to be natural to us. The whole construction of our society depends on mutual trust, not distrust. We do what we say we’ll do; we show up when we say we’ll show up; and we pay when we say we’ll pay. We trust each other in these matters, and we’re angry or disappointed with the person or organization that breaks the trust we have in them.
I am so proud of myself for stopping for the red light that night.
4．How does the author feel about the truck driver
A．Pleased. B．Satisfied. C．Sorry. D．Annoyed.
5．What can we infer about the author
A．He hates driving at night. B．He desired to cross the red light that night.
C．He approves of obeying traffic rules by himself. D．He is easy when suffering the traffic jam.
6．What is the meaning of the underlined word “inclination” in paragraph 5
A．Tendency. B．Faith.
C．Adjustment. D．Guidance.
7．What’s the message the author tries to convey
A．Politeness matters. B．Hold belief in human nature.
C．People should be patient and helpful. D．There’s a need to improve traffic rules.
Bill Gates’ body might live in the present, but his brain lives in the future. He has made a career out of predicting what will happen in matters of computing, public health and the environment. He correctly predicted the rise of smartphones and social media, and his latest predictions could come true, too. Here’s what Gates predicts for the future of our world.
In his Annual Letter 2015, Gates made the prediction that Africa’s agriculture industry would increase productivity by 50% by 2030. Now the continent buys about $50 billion worth of food from other countries each year, although 70% of people in Africa are farmers. “In the next 15 years，however，creations in farming will solve the food problem in Africa,” Gates wrote. “The world has already developed crops that are more productive; with all the technologies, African farmers could possibly double their harvests.”
By 2035, there could be almost no poor countries. In his Annual Letter 2014, Gates bravely predicted that continued levels of foreign help could mean there would be almost no more poor countries by 2035. “Almost all countries will be what we now call lower-middle income or richer,” Gates explained. “Countries will learn from their most productive neighbors and benefit from things like better seeds and the digital revolution. ”
By 2030, the world will discover a clean-energy breakthrough to power our world. One of Gate’s more hopeful predictions which came in 2016 said that wind, solar, or some other renewable resources would power most of the world within 15 years. “The difficulty we face is big, perhaps bigger than many people imagine,” he wrote in his letter. “But so is the chance to make things better.” Many of the poor countries he visited had no running water or electricity. At night this meant they couldn’t light or power their homes, and keep businesses open.” If the world can find a type of cheap, clean energy, it will do more than prevent climate change,” he wrote. “It will change the lives of millions of the poorest families.”
8．What does the author think of Gates’ predictions
A．They sound quite unreal. B．They are mainly about computers.
C．They will probably come true. D．They haven’t produced any end result.
9．How is the agriculture in Africa
A．It is losing its workforce. B．It is in need of productivity.
C．It can satisfy the local needs. D．It is as backward as Africa’s industry.
10．What should poor countries do according to Gates
A．Use expensive seeds. B．Expect less foreign help.
C．Rely on the digital revolution. D．Learn from the experience of other countries.
11．What’s Gates’ attitude to clean-energy development
A．It’s no easy task. B．It’s hard to imagine.
C．It can put climate change to an end. D．It has little to do with poor families.
The reality TV wildlife edition has just come to a dramatic end. The world watched as the bears packed on pounds before they went into their den (兽穴) for the winter. Over the next few months, Fat Bear Week winner, 435 Holly, will go into hibernation (冬眠). Why do bears do this
The mysteries around hibernating bears have attracted curious researchers for ages. What is hibernation, and what causes it And probably most interestingly — could humans do this someday
Dr. Kelly Drew, who studies hibernation, is one of the scientists consulting on a project funded by NASA, looking to put humans into hibernation for spaceflight. “For sending people to space, I think our first step is to perfect short-term hibernation-like periods in humans,” she says. “If we can figure this out, we can then try for longer periods.” We still have a long way to go before this science fiction dream becomes a reality, but several scientists around the country have been studying hibernation.
Cory Williams, at the University of Alaska Fairbanks, says, “A huge variety of mammals (哺乳动物) hibernate. However, hibernation in bears is different from that in small mammals…their body temperature only drops a few degrees and they don’t experience periodic rewarming.” In general, mammals with lower body temperatures during hibernation awaken every few days to raise their body temperature, or eat a bit. Bears do not emerge for any of these activities. Instead, they live off the fat they have collected during the summer and autumn months and even recycle their metabolic (新陈代谢的) waste.
At the moment, the study of hibernation has and continues to contribute greatly to applications in the human world. For example, bears are able to maintain their bone mass during hibernation, and understanding this could help advance the study of treating people with weak bones. Perhaps one day, it will be the key to sending humans far off into space too.
12．Why is 435 Holly mentioned in Paragraph 1
A．To show the popularity of Fat Bear Week. B．To introduce the topic of hibernation.
C．To call for the protection of bears. D．To advertise reality TV.
13．How do bears hibernate
A．They produce new body fat.
B．They lower their body temperature greatly.
C．They sleep through the whole winter.
D．They rewarm themselves regularly.
14．What’s the last paragraph mainly about
A．The new findings about hibernation. B．The significance of studying hibernation.
C．The ways bears maintain their bone mass. D．The barriers to sending humans into space.
15．What’s the best title for the text
A．What could bears and astronauts have in common
B．What effects does hibernation have on bears
C．Why do bears need to go into hibernation
D．How do humans and bears get along
参考答案
安徽省黄山市2021-2022学年高二下学期期末考试英语试题
第一节（共15小题；每小题2分，满分30分）
21-23 DCD 24-27 BADC 28-31DBCA 32-35 CBCA
安徽省黄山市2020-2021学年高二下学期期中考试英语试题
21-23 BCC 24-27 CBAC 28-31DABD 32-35 DBDA
安徽省黄山市2019-2020学年高二下学期期中考试英语试题
1．D
2．D
3．C
【解析】
【分析】
这是一篇应用文。文章主要介绍了四个美国国家航空航天局学生比赛，介绍了比赛内容和截止日期等信息。
1．
细节理解题。根据NASA Human Exploration Rover Challenge部分中Teams of high school and college students are challenged to design and build a human-powered vehicle to travel across the simulated(模拟的) surface of another world.可知高中生和大学生组成的团队面临设计和制造一辆人力汽车的挑战，以穿越另一个世界的模拟表面。由此可知，擅长设计飞行器的学生John可以参加NASA Human Exploration Rover Challenge。故选D。
2．
细节理解题。根据NASA Lunabotics Competition部分中This challenge includes presentations and demonstrations, and a systems engineering paper explaining the methodology the team uses to design and build their robot.可知这项挑战包括展示和演示，以及解释团队设计和制造机器人所用方法的系统工程论文。由此可知，NASA Lunabotics Competition要求参赛者写一篇论文说明他们如何建造他们的机器人。故选D。
3．
细节理解题。根据NASA SUITS Design Challenge部分中NASA Spacesuit User Interface Technologies for Students (SUITS) gives students an authentic engineering design experience supporting NASA’s Artemis mission—landing American astronauts safely on the Moon by 2024!可知NASA航天服用户界面技术为学生提供了一个真实的工程设计经验，支持NASA的Artemis任务——美国宇航员在2024年安全着陆月球！以及2020 BIG Idea Challenge部分中Teams are challenged to submit proposals for sample lunar payloads(有效载荷) that demonstrate technology systems needed for exploration and science in the permanently shadowed regions in and near the Moon’s polar regions.可知研究小组面临的挑战是提交月球有效载荷样本的提案，以演示在月球两极地区和附近永久阴影地区进行探索和科学研究所需的技术系统。由此可知，后两个比赛都在为月球探索做准备。故C选项“他们都在为月球探索做准备”正确。故选C。
4．D
5．C
6．A
7．B
【解析】
【分析】
这是一篇夹叙夹议文。作者在一个寒冷的夜晚，驱车从哈里斯堡前往大约100英里远的刘易斯堡。在一个宽阔道路的一个地方，作者来到了一个有交通灯的十字路口时，红灯亮了，作者停了下来。在没人的情况下作者也没有闯红灯，过后作者感悟到停车是因为这是人们彼此之间的契约的一部分。人们应该互相信任。
4．
推理判断题。根据第一段中Several times I got stuck behind a slow-moving truck on a narrow road with a solid white line on my left, and I became increasingly impatient.可知有好几次，我在一条狭窄的路上被一辆缓慢行驶的卡车堵在后面，我的左边有一条白线，我越来越不耐烦了。由此可推知，作者觉得卡车司机很烦人。故选D。
5．
推理判断题。根据第四段中I think I stopped because it’s part of a contract we all have with each other. It’s not only the law, but it’s an agreement we have, and we trust each other to honor it: we don’t go through red lights.可知我想我停止是因为这是我们彼此之间的契约的一部分。这不仅是法律，也是我们达成的协议，我们相互信任，信守它：我们不闯红灯。由此可推知，作者赞成自觉遵守交通规则。故选C。
6．
词义猜测题。根据后文Doubting others does not seem to be natural to us.可知对我们来说，怀疑别人似乎是不自然的。由此可知，划线单词句子的意思是：信任是我们的第一倾向。即划线单词意思为“倾向”。A. Tendency.倾向；B. Faith.信仰；C. Adjustment.调整；D. Guidance.指导。故选A。
7．
推理判断题。根据倒数第二段Trust is our first inclination. Doubting others does not seem to be natural to us. The whole construction of our society depends on mutual trust, not distrust. We do what we say we’ll do; we show up when we say we’ll show up; and we pay when we say we’ll pay. We trust each other in these matters, and we’re angry or disappointed with the person or organization that breaks the trust we have in them.可知信任是我们的第一倾向。对我们来说，怀疑别人似乎是不自然的。我们整个社会的建设依靠的是相互信任，而不是不信任。我们说到做到；我们说到就到；我们说什么时候付钱就什么时候付钱。在这些事情上，我们彼此信任，对于那些破坏我们对他们的信任的人或组织，我们感到愤怒或失望。由此可推知，作者试图传达的信息是相信人之间互相信任的关系，相信人性。故选B。
8．C
9．B
10．D
11．A
【解析】
【分析】
这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了Bill Gates对于未来世界的预测，他预测到2030年非洲农业生产力将提高50%，到2035年将几乎没有贫穷国家以及到2030年世界对于清洁能源的发现，会有突破，并为我们的世界提供能源。
8．
细节理解题。根据第一段中He correctly predicted the rise of smartphones and social media, and his latest predictions could come true, too.可知他正确地预测了智能手机和社交媒体的崛起，他的最新预测也有可能成为现实。由此可知，作者认为Gates的预测很可能会成为现实。故选C。
9．
推理判断题。根据第二段中In his Annual Letter 2015, Gates made the prediction that Africa’s agriculture industry would increase productivity by 50% by 2030.可知Gates在2015年的年度信中预测，到2030年，非洲农业生产力将提高50%。由此可推知，非洲的农业需要生产力。故选B。
10．
细节理解题。根据第三段中Countries will learn from their most productive neighbors and benefit from things like better seeds and the digital revolution.可知各国将向生产力最高的邻国学习，并从更好的种子和数字革命等方面获益。由此可知，根据Gates的观点，贫穷国家应该学习其他国家的经验。故选D。
11．
推理判断题。根据最后一段中“The difficulty we face is big, perhaps bigger than many people imagine,” he wrote in his letter.可知“我们面临的困难很大，可能比许多人想象的还要大，”他在信中写道。由此可推知，Gates认为发展清洁能源不是一件容易的事。故选A。
12．B
13．C
14．B
15．A
【解析】
【分析】
本文是说明文。文章通过对熊冬眠的观察和研究，说明了对冬眠的研究已经并将继续为人类世界的应用，尤其是航天事业做出巨大贡献。
12．
推理判断题。第一段 The world watched as the bears packed on pounds before they went into their den (兽穴) for the winter. Over the next few months, Fat Bear Week winner, 435 Holly, will go into hibernation(冬眠).提到435 Holly要进入洞穴冬眠。下文详细介绍对熊冬眠的观察和研究，由此推知，开头提到435 Holly是为了引出冬眠的话题。故选B。
13．
推理判断题。根据第一段Over the next few months, Fat Bear Week winner, 435 Holly, will go into hibernation (冬眠).可知，熊在随后的几个月会进入冬眠。根据第四段Instead, they live off the fat they have collected during the summer and autumn months and even recycle their metabolic (新陈代谢的) waste.可知，熊在冬眠期间以夏天和秋天积攒的脂肪甚至新陈代谢物为食料。综上可知，熊会在整个冬天冬眠几个月。故选C。
14．
主旨大意题。文章最后一段the study of hibernation has and continues to contribute greatly to applications in the human world.提到关于冬眠的研究已经并将继续为人类世界的应用做出巨大贡献。随后举例说明熊能够在冬眠期间保持它们的骨量，了解这一点有助于推进治疗骨质疏松患者的研究。由此可知，本段是在阐述研究冬眠的意义。故选B。
15．
主旨大意题。根据第三段中的Dr. Kelly Drew, who studies hibernation, is one of the scientists consulting on a project funded by NASA, looking to put humans into hibernation for spaceflight. “For sending people to space, I think our first step is to perfect short-term hibernation-like periods in humans, ”可知，Dr. Kelly Drew是研究冬眠的科学家之一，为美国国家航空航天局资助的一个项目提供咨询，该项目旨在让人类进入冬眠以便进行太空飞行。最后一段Perhaps one day, it will be the key to sending humans far off into space too.提到也许有一天，对冬眠的研究将成为把人类送入太空的关键。以上内容都涉及到研究熊冬眠对航天飞行的意义，A项“熊和宇航员有什么共同之处？”概括了以上内容，适合作为文章标题，其他选项不是本文谈论内容。故选A。