内蒙古赤峰市2019-2022学年高二下学期英语期末试卷汇编：阅读理解专题（含答案）
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内蒙古赤峰市2019-2022学年高二下学期英语期末试卷汇编
阅读理解专题
内蒙古赤峰市2021-2022学年高二下学期期末考试英语试题
第一节（共15小题；每小题2分，满分30分）
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项(A、B、C、和D)中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
A
Road to Hana Tours
The famous roadway along Maui’s North Shore provides fantastic views for travelers who enjoy the beauty of nature.
Road to Hana Day Trip
You will enjoy beautiful beaches, quiet coastline, and towering waterfalls as you drive your way across the Kalepa Bridge, where the highway continues to Kipahulu on the Piilani Highway. This journey through the narrow highway consists of 59 bridges and over 600 turnings taking travelers in and out of rainforests and tropical plants.
Hana Grand Tour
During this 6-hour adventure, you can sit back and relax inside your bus on the way to Hana, stopping at Hana Tropical Gardens and at wonderful waterfalls, where you’ll have time to swim. You’ll also enjoy a beachside lunch before eventually boarding a helicopter for a thrilling 36-minute flight above Haleakala Crater and the island’s rough coast. This grand small-group trip to Hana also includes a professional guide.
Rainforest Hiking Adventure
Experience the green beauty of East Maui on this rainforest hike with an informative local guide. Learn about the Maui’s ecosystems, be impressed at magical waterfalls, climb rock formations, and leap into the fresh water pools below for a refreshing swim. Enjoy a delicious, healthy lunch along the way — it’s included in the tour price.
Jungle Adventure on Maui
This personalized experience is great for nature lovers. You can visit multiple beautiful waterfalls, with a local tour guide. There are chances for safe cliff jumping, or choose to swim, or simply admire the magic of the falls. If the group is 4 people or more, this will be a private tour for your family only.
1. Which is the best choice for those who love self-driving tours
A. Road to Hana Day Trip. B. Hana Grand Tour.
C. Rainforest Hiking Adventure. D. Jungle Adventure on Maui.
2. What do we know about Hana Grand Tour
A. It lasts a whole day. B. It includes a local guide.
C. It provides a flight experience. D. It offers a free wonderful lunch
3. What can you do in all the four tours
A. See waterfalls. B. Enjoy swimming.
C. Walk in rainforests. D. Climb rock formations
B
The St. Louis soldier, Todd Nicely joined the navy in 2007, and was severely injured—lost his arms and legs and his life was almost taken away while serving abroad in 2010.
“I didn’t want to put my guys through anything that I wouldn’t want to do, so a lot of the times I was in the front,” he told the news while remembering the incident that changed his life. Over the past decade, Nicely has learned to adjust to the world with amputated arms and legs, a way of life that recently became a bit easier thanks to the addition of a service dog.
CHAMP Assistance Dogs in St. Louis, Missouri, gifted Nicely with a service dog named Hugo this season. The non-profit’s task focuses on connecting service dogs to people with disabilities who need them. Hugo is trained to assist Nicely with his day-to-day tasks, small gestures that add up to significant changes for the man.
“Nearly 12 years later, Hugo is pam of the family. Having him here to pick things up that I drop is kind of a blessing. It makes my quality of life a lot better,” Nicely told KMOV News 4.
This improved quality of life is what CHAMP works hard to provide for soldiers and other individuals who benefit from the support of a service dog. “Hugo is making a difference in Todd’s life. It is a wonderful feeling for all of us, and we are on top of the world in seeing someone become more independent because a dog is there to help them,” Pam Budke, CHAMP Assistance Dogs’ director, shared with KMOV News 4.
Nicely hopes that Hugo helps other soldiers by showing them it’s important to seek assistance when you need help. “You are supposed to be this tough man. Now, all of a sudden, you’re asking for help. It’s like, ‘am I weak ’ ‘No’,” Nicely said. “It doesn’t make you weak. It actually makes you stronger to ask for help,” he added.
4. Which of the following can describe Todd Nicely best in army service
A. Lucky. B. Clever. C. Considerate. D. Well-educated.
5. What is the purpose of CHAMP Assistance Dogs
A. To send homeless dogs to people. B. To help people train service dogs.
C. To make the disabled adjust to the world. D. To create a bond between the disabled and service dogs.
6. What does the underlined phrase “on top of the world” in Paragraph 5 mean
A. Ashamed. B. Astonished. C. Delighted. D. Embarrassed.
7. What can be inferred about the soldiers from the last paragraph
A. They seldom ask for help. B. They like being tough to others.
C. They love dogs more than anyone else. D. They need to show their weakness sometimes.
C
Carbon labels can be effective in changing company as well as consumer behavior, as companies adjust their carbon footprint with the two goals of increased efficiency and improved reputation, according to a newly published research by Climate Change Research Network.
The research was published in the journal Nature Climate Change. The analysis outlines the potential effects of carbon labeling — a practice that is receiving attention as companies try hard to figure out how to engage in sustainable practices.
While international and national government efforts at controlling climate change have had limited success in the past year, carbon labeling can be done by the private part. It can also support the development of government measures, such as border allowances and carbon taxes.
Many carbon labels are similar to nutritional and ingredient (成分) information on grocery items. Carbon labels however, estimate a product’s carbon emissions (排放) from its creation to its end. Some labels provide a simple stoplight-type signal about how a product compares to others. Other labels provide an equal greenhouse gas emissions number, detailing how much carbon went into the creation, transportation, use and end of a product. Some labels include both. Consumers can learn how many grams or kilograms of carbon they use when purchasing anything from a bag of chips to a new truck.
Existing literature on carbon labels has focused on how the practice limits consumers’ carbon emissions. The research, however, reveals that businesses often respond to labeling programs by reducing their carbon footprint, possibly because calculating carbon footprints helps them identify efficiencies — and because the disclosure (公开) can affect company reputation.
The study addresses key challenges for carbon labels, such as setting uniform standards, collecting accurate data and designing labels for a global range of products and industries. The research team also provides recommendations on how to institute carbon labels as a common practice in society.
Carbon labels are an important and practical way to reduce carbon emissions. They can lead companies to reduce carbon emissions even if consumer responses to the labels are not strong. As a result, carbon labels should be designed to affect not only retail consumer behavior but also the behavior of company managers.
8. In what aspect does carbon labeling affect a business
A. Production. B. Management. C. Fame. D. Strategy.
9. What is the fourth paragraph mainly about
A. What carbon labels actually mean. B. What carbon labels look like.
C. How carbon labels are designed. D. How carbon labels benefit people.
10. How can carbon labels change consumer behavior related to carbon
A. They have consumers pay extra for certain goods.
B. They inform consumers of carbon amount they use.
C. They restrict the carbon footprint of consumers.
D. They have a positive effect on consumer reputation.
11. Which of the following can be the best title for the text
A. Carbon Labeling Benefits More than Companies
B An Effective Way to Change Company Behavior
C. How to Measure Consumers’ Carbon Footprint
D. Carbon Labels Aid in Fighting Climate Change
D
While researchers have recently created soft and flexible robots, they still contain hard electric power and control systems. Now, thanks to a team led by Harvard University professors, Robert Wood and Jennifer A. Lewis, there is finally a breakthrough. The adorable autonomous octobot that stands a mere 2 cm tall has no rigid parts, enabling it to squeeze through the tiniest of spaces, just like octopuses(章鱼).
The octobot, which is mainly made of rubber, is fueled by a mixture of hydrogen peroxide and water. The liquid that is pumped into the robot’s body through a series of 3-D printed chambers(室) reacts with the spots of platinum(铂) that are planted within the octobot and forms water and oxygen. The released gas builds up the pressure in the controller and the chambers in the robot’s arms, causing them to move.
The researchers, who introduced the revolutionary robot in the scientific journal Nature, say that octobot is currently just a proof of concept and not ready for the real world. That’s because the liquid battery only provides power for about eight minutes. Additionally, it lacks controls and therefore cannot be directed in any direction. The team hopes to solve the issues in their next version of the soft robot, which will be able to move, swim, and sense objects in the environment.
Wood believes that the octobot’s easy-to-build design, low cost, and the fact that its fuel ability can be increased will encourage other scientists and roboticists to create more complex designs. The researchers say, “Although soft robotics is still in its beginning stage, it holds great potential for several applications, such as servicing, and inspecting machinery, search-and-rescue operations, and exploration.” Given how adorable they are, we agree with that statement.
12 What is the main characteristic of the octobot compared to the former robots
A. Shape. B. Flexibility. C. Driving pattern. D. Production cost.
13. What is Paragraph 2 mainly about
A. The octobot’s movement principle. B. The octobot’s building materials.
C. The octobot’s living habits. D. The octobot’s future market.
14. Why do the researchers say the octobot is just a concept
A. It is perfect in control system. B. It is still in the step of theoretical research.
C. It is useless in real situations. D. It needs a more powerful battery.
15. What are the researchers’ opinions about soft robots
A. They are universal. B. They are impractical.
C. They are unprofitable. D. They are promising.
内蒙古赤峰市2020-2021学年高二下学期期末考试英语试题
第一节（共15小题；每小题2分，满分30分）
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。
A
Join Trackers Earth for award-winning Spring Break Camps. Parents know us as one of the most engaging camps in Portland. Here are the newest Spring Break Camps for your lovely kids.
Wilderness Survival Camps—Spring Break Train in the skills of wilderness survival. Kids work together in a Rangers Team, starting outdoor adventures and building lasting friendships.
Grade 1—5 Learn forest skills. Carve your own tools and learn the uses of wild plants. Make a fire with many methods. Make your camp and home in the wilderness. Tuition:$90 Grade 6—10 Make shelters from natural materials. Use your knife for woodworking and making other advanced camp craft. Navigate and stay “found” in the wilderness. Train in human tracking and how to care for the survival of others. Tuition: $84.
Day Camp Schedule 7:30 AM—8:30 AM Free and flexible morning check-in 8:30AM—3:00 PM Buses depart at 8:30 AM to travel to outdoor adventure 3: 00 PM—3:30 PM Free and flexible afternoon chcck-out 3:30 PM—6: 00 PM Pre-registered extended camp Our flexible early check-in and later check-out times offer options for working parents. You can add affordable Extended Camp until 6 p.m.
Spring Break Extended Camp Extended Camp is offered through our commitment to support working families. Our extended camp is time well spent with nature themed games and activities. Pre-registration is required. Extended Camp 3: 30 p.m.——6 p.m. $20 per afternoon with pre-registration of a single days $30 per afternoon unregistered
If you want to get more information, please click the right access to the page.
1. What skill will a kid in Grade 7 learn in Wilderness Survival Camps
A. Starting a fire in the wild. B. Tracking animals in the wilderness.
C. Setting a trap for wild animals. D. Building survival shelters.
2. What time is available for check-in
A. 8:00 AM B. 3:00 PM C. 9:00 AM D. 3:30PM
3. Where can we read the text
A. In a newspaper. B. On the Internet.
C. In a travel guide. D. On TV.
B
A South-African female engineer has become an inspiration for other women looking to succeed in fields led by men, after photos of her constructing an extension to her house went so popular on social media.
Last month, South Africa celebrated Women's Month and a 26-year-old woman from Pietermaritzburg became the unlikely poster girl for this year's celebration, after photos of her single-handedly working on an extension to her house went popular on Facebook and other social networks. The pictures showed the woman preparing the cement, making all the measurements and piling the building blocks all by herself, which not only won her a lot of praise, but also empowered other women to follow their dreams even if the difficulties are against them.
South African website Briefly managed to track down the woman of the photos, who turned out to be a trained civil engineer named Zama Philisiwe Zungu. She inherited the passion for construction from her father, who is also a builder, and made the decision to become an engineer in 2014, getting into the Umgungundlovu TVET College in her home city.
Zama said that she had never worked in construction before, but that the practical exams she had passed during college gave her the confidence that she could build the extension to her house by herself. “This is what I am good at,” the 26-year-old said. “Renovating my home is very fun and exciting at the same time; practices are more fun than theory.”
Zama dreams of one day running her own construction company and plans to empower more women in the engineering industry. “Always put your best in everything that you do and never underestimate the power of pouring your heart in what you do. Always seek to improve and empower yourself.” Zama advised other women.
4. Why has the female engineer become an inspiration for other women
A. Because she is popular on social media.
B. Because she goes to college in a poor country.
C. Because women finally control the main fields
D. Because women seldom succeed in the construction industry.
5. What do we know about Zama
A. She chose the best location for her house. B. She made a lot of preparations on her own.
C. She praised other women following their dreams. D. She made a lot of building blocks and cement.
6. What does the underlined word “Renovating” mean in paragraph 4
A. Making the room better and larger. B. Painting the walls of a new house.
C. Tearing an old house into pieces. D. Drawing a new room in the paper.
7. Which of the following best describes Zama
A. Inspiring and persevering. B. Romantic and hardworking.
C. Creative and sympathetic. D. Cooperative and reliable.
C
Slat's life began to change after a holiday trip to Greece with his family when he was 16. What he actually saw in the ocean was an awful lot or plastic waste. From that moment on, Slat dived into a project to find a solution to this alarming problem. Struck by the idea of a floating barrier that could collect plastic, he founded his company, The Ocean Cleanup, at the age of 18. Although the idea was named one of the best inventions of 2015 by TIME magazine, he received negative feedback from the specialists in environmental issues.
Slat was not discouraged and saw his mission as a race against time. It is estimated that up to 14 million tons of plastic enter the oceans from land every year. Plastic gradually breaks down into very small pieces called microplastics, which can eventually enter the food chain.
After five and a half years' hard work, the Dutch inventor launched the world's first ocean plastic cleanup system: System 001. The U-shaped pipe, about 609 meters in length, snakes its way out under the Golden Gate Bridge into the Pacific. These floating barriers will capture plastic waste as the ocean currents flow past. Ships will collect the waste and bring it to land for recycling every few months. According to Slat, if all goes to plan, an array of 60 systems could reduce the amount of plastic there by as much as 50 percent by 2025.
However, there remains a problem: What will happen to the plastic brought back to shore from Slat's systems It's likely that lots of the waste will eventually be recycled into more single-use plastics that end up back in the oceans. That doesn't mean Slat will give up.
8. What contributes to Slat's idea of solving plastic waste in the ocean
A. A vacation abroad B. Negative feedback from the experts.
C. Diving deep into the ocean. D. A floating barrier to collect plastic.
9. How does plastic waste harm the world at last
A. It will pollute the ocean. B. It will make the ocean too dirty to swim in.
C. It will make it difficult ocean currents to flow. D. It will be contained in the foods for humans.
10. What can we know about System 001 from the passage
A. It's the world's best ocean plastic cleanup system.
B. It winds its way into the Pacific.
C. Ships will capture the plastic waste.
D. The amount of plastic will be decreased by a quarter.
11. What is the author's purpose in writing the passage
A. To praise. B. To warn. C. To inform. D. To entertain.
D
Imagine shopping in a store only to realize during checkout that your wallet and phone are both missing! However, what if the cashier told you that you could pay using your palm by hovering it over a scanner By linking your palm to a credit card this may soon become a reality thanks to Amazon's newest product: Amazon One.
Like fingerprints, palm prints are unique to a person. Did you know that the ridges on our palms and the patterns of veins under the skin develop during the fetal stage, even before we are born As the fetus grows in the mother's womb, the outer smooth layer of the skin forms first after which the inner layer develops and grows much faster. Also, as the growing fetus rubs against the sides of the womb, the skin gets pushed around. All this leads to the inner skin layer folding into ridges and that impacts the outer skin as well. The blood vessel patterns also develop in the womb within the first 20 weeks of development.
Palm scanners use infrared light to capture the ridges and vein patterns to create a person's “unique signature”. Palm scan technology has been around for some time. Unlike fingerprint scans that may not record correct information when there is a cut or bruise, or when fingers are wet, the patterns of veins don't change during the human lifetime. More importantly, unlike fingerprints that can be dusted from something people touch, it is not possible to get a picture of a person's palm and guess the vein patterns.
One of the biggest concerns is security as Amazon plans to store the users' data on the cloud. This is a risk as hackers can get access to this information unlike Apple's face scan technology that stores the data on your iPhone. Though there is much concern over Amazon One, it is a pretty impressive technology. Who knows—in the future, all you may need to do is wave your hand to pay!
12. What is the passage mainly about
A. Pay by moving your palm. B. The working functions of Palm scanners.
C. Shopping terms of Future payment. D. Concerns over Amazon One.
13. What does Paragraph 2 intend to present
A. Why our palm prints are special. B. How our palm prints form.
C. What contributes to the growth of fingerprints. D. When palm prints are developed.
14. How is Paragraph 3 developed
A. Offering examples. B. Listing data.
C. Making comparisons. D. Analyzing causes.
15. What is the author's attitude towards Amazon One
A. Uncaring B. Cautious. C. Disapproving. D. Positive.
内蒙古赤峰市2019-2020学年高二下学期期末考试英语试题
第一节（共15小题；每小题2分，满分30分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A.B.C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。
A
Essay
Epic Fails: The Wright Brothers: Nose-Diving into History By Erik Slader and Ben Thompson. Ages 6 to 12. The first book in the Epic Fails series deals with one of the most ambitious goals humans have pursued: the quests to fly. Authors Slader and Thompson focus on life-or-death scenes, such as when the Wright brothers crashed their glider over and over on the sandy coast of North Carolina; it took them two more years to get it right.
Epic Fails: The Race to Space: Countdown to Liftoff By Erik Slader and Ben Thompson. Ages 6 to 12 Today, everyone is familiar with Neil Armstrong’s famous words as he first set foot on the moon, “That’s one small step for man, one giant leap for mankind.” He made it look easy, but America’s journey to the moon was anything but simple. Our first attempt was a failure. Still, we didn’t give up. We tried again. And again. And each time we failed, we failed a little bit better.
Fantastic Failures: True Stories of People Who Changed the World by Falling Down First By Luke Reynolds. Ages 6 to 12. Teacher Luke Reynolds opens each chapter with a quick, impossibly perfect version of one person’s life and then says how that person actually had to face huge challenges to accomplish goals. In this book, Reynolds writes about various common men, women and children.
Cyrus Field’s Big dream：The Daring Effort to Lay the First Transatlantic Telegraph Cable By Mary Morton Cowan. Ages 6 to 12. In 1853，it took at least a week to relay a message between the United States and Europe because people had to be transported on ships over the Atlantic Ocean. Cyrus Field tried to reduce that transmission（传送）time to just minutes by laying a long undersea cable. In this book，Cowan describes many failures Field suffered before he achieved this major breakthrough.
1. Who are the four books intended for
A. Children. B. Teenagers. C. Adults. D. Old people.
2. What do we know about Fantastic Failures
A. It was written by a famous actor. B. It tells stories of ordinary people.
C. It is about science fiction stories. D. It is a picture book by a teacher.
3. What lesson can we learn from the four books
A. All roads lead to Rome. B. Failure is the mother of success.
C. An early bird catches worms D. Actions speak louder than words.
B
Last weekend marked one of the nicest days so far this spring.
It was warm with a tiny breeze; the sun penetrated through lightweight sweaters to warm the skin; the male choir was warming up, and the graduates were walking around the lawn behind the throng of six-thousand-plus observers.
With all of the parents, sisters, brothers, grandparents, aunts and uncles, the state university was a center of activity. My nephew was going to receive his bachelor’s degree. Who would have guessed that four years would go by so quickly
As the crowd of freshly elegant candidates wandered, joked, hugged and chattered behind the platform, I heard several cell phones ring. There were several nonsensical(无意义)conversations going on with the accompanying giggles of the not-quite-mature students, but then one conversation in particular caught my attention.
“Yes, Grandma, I’m really graduating. I can’t believe it, either!I never thought I’d be here today, you know Really!Like, I know it!Yes, it’s a very special day...Hold on, we’re lining up...Oh wow, they’ve got hundreds of balloons they’re going to release!Yes, Kelly’s here...Okay, I’ll give her your love…here we go!Gran, I’m graduating!…Love you too, Gran. I’m so glad you could be here with me!”
And somehow, my initial surprise and annoy at the use of cell phones during such a serious occasion left me. These little representatives of modern technology had joined a young woman and her devoted Gran to share a very special moment in time.
4. The author went to the university to______.
A. enjoy the beautiful spring day B. see how the graduates act
C. see a relative graduate D. receive a bachelor’s degree
5. Why was the author’s attention was caught
A. Because the conversation was carried on the cell phone.
B. Because the young woman sounded different from other students.
C. Because several nonsensical conversations were going on.
D. Because a young woman was sharing a special moment with her gran.
6. How did the author feel after he heard the conversation between the young woman and her grandmother
A. Surprised. B. Annoyed. C. Puzzled. D. Moved.
7. What’s the purpose of the author in writing the passage
A. To describe an exciting moment in life.
B. To explain the convenience technology brings us.
C. To advise us to use cell phones properly in public places.
D. To describe a common scene in life.
C
Sometimes fishing ships disappear: Captains turn off the radios that broadcast their locations, leaving regulators wondering whether the ships are fishing illegally. Now, researchers have shown that albatrosses(信天翁)bearing small detectors can find these doubtful ships, even in the middle of the open ocean. After a 6-month study with the large seabirds, the researchers say that more than one-third of ships in the southern Indian Ocean are fishing illegally.
“These are animal police,” says Boris Worm of Dalhousie University. “You’re empowering animals to survey their own environment, ”Worm says. “That’s pretty cool.” The method could also help albatrosses themselves, which can be killed when they get caught or accidentally eat fishing hooks. The researchers will be there on time.
Illegal fishing is a major concern for environment biologists, especially in remote areas. Over the past decade, scientists have studied the problem with data from automatic identification systems (AISs) on ships, which send their identity, location, speed, and direction to satellites. But AlSs can be turned off. Researchers suspect that fishing ships turn off AISs when they are fishing illegally or want to prevent competitors from knowing where they are getting a good catch.
Albatrosses make good spies. The birds, which live on fish, can spot a fishing ship from as far away as 30 kilometers. Some species fly hundreds or thousands of kilometers while hunting. Between December 2018 and June 2019, the birds met 353 ships. Those locations were sent to the lab in less than 2 hours. If they did not match the locations of ships with an active AIS, the team knew the ships had switched it off. In international waters, 37% of detected ships had their AlS switched off and fished illegally.
Although the albatrosses can detect ships, they cannot track them over longer distances, one scientist says. He says, “What you need to do is to look for patterns to take pictures as evidence.” More albatrosses will be arranged in March and April around the Prince Edward Islands in the southern Indian Ocean to reveal the illegal fishing.
8. What is the main idea of the first paragraph
A. Fishing ships disappear sometimes.
B. Illegal fishing is very serious in the open ocean.
C. Some seabirds are used to monitor the illegal fishing.
D. One-third of ships in the southern Indian Ocean are fishing illegally.
9. What benefit will the method do for the albatrosses
A. They can get enough food.
B. They can get saved when in danger.
C. They can protect their own rights of fishing.
D. They can avoid being killed or eating fishing hooks.
10. How do the seabirds offer help
A. By sending locations of ships.
B. By turning off AISs of the ships.
C. By following the ships as far as possible.
D. By taking the pictures of ships fishing illegally.
11. In which column of a newspaper can this text be read
A. Education. B. Politics. C. Science. D. Health
D
If the lady in the Mona Lisa painting could talk, she could tell us why she was smiling for the pose, isn’t it But, of course, that is not possible because she is just a painting.
However, recently, Samsung Labs in Moscow demonstrated an Al program that could create a video of a person talking just from one single profile picture. The result A talking Mona Lisa, thanks to a technology, known as deepfake!
The word “deepfake” is a combination of the words “deep learning” and “fake”. Deep learning refers to the use of machine learning and artificial intelligence to create images of human faces. The word was used first in 2017 when an anonymous person using the name “deepfake” began to post images of celebrities’ faces on other people’s bodies.
To start with, video recordings of a person are broken down into the smallest levels of detail that capture how their mouth and facial features move when they pronounce a sound like “oo” or “ah”. These, along with the 3-D model of the lower face, are then put together and the person can be made to say words he (or she) never did.
Deepfakes use a technology called generative adversarial networks (GAN). This system uses two separate artificial intelligence systems that are trained such that one generates the images and the other attempts to tell if they are fake. The machines continue to teach each other over and over again until one produces a video that the other cannot tell it is fake!
Fake news would easily go out of hand if people believed the fake videos as real and it could have political and social effect. There is a lesson here for each of us to be careful about what we post on the Internet. In the future, you might see a picture or video of yourself and may not be able to tell that it is fake! It all just goes to show that seeing is not always believing.
12. How does the writer develop the third paragraph
A. By defining a concept. B. By introducing an app.
C. By testing a scientific method. D. By providing different examples.
13. What can we infer about GAN from the passage
A. It needs to be trained. B. It can learn all by itself.
C. It produces perfect pictures. D. It is used to identify fake images.
14. What is implied in the last paragraph
A. People can use deepfakes to become famous.
B. The public aren’t easily cheated by deepfakes.
C. All of us may become a victim of deepfakes.
D. Deepfakes make what you have done known to all.
15. What is the best title for the text
A. Mona Lisa：a Talking Picture
B. Fake Videos：Recording of a Person
C AI Program：Creating a Video
D. Deepfakes：Believing or Not
参考答案
内蒙古赤峰市2021-2022学年高二下学期期末考试英语试题
【答案】1. A 2. C 3. A
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇应用文。文章主要介绍了四个游览Hana的旅游项目。
【1题详解】
细节理解题。根据第二段“You will enjoy beautiful beaches, quiet coastline, and towering waterfalls as you drive your way across the Kalepa Bridge, where the highway continues to Kipahulu on the Piilani Highway. This journey through the narrow highway consists of 59 bridges and over 600 turnings taking travelers in and out of rainforests and tropical plants.(当你开车穿过Kalepa桥时，你会享受到美丽的海滩、宁静的海岸线和高耸的瀑布，在这里，高速公路继续沿着Piilani高速公路延伸到基帕鲁。这段穿越狭窄公路的旅程由59座桥和600多个转弯处组成，让游客进出热带雨林和热带植物)”可知，对于喜欢自驾游的人来说，Road to Hana Day Trip是最好的选择。故选A。
【2题详解】
细节理解题。根据第三段中“You’ll also enjoy a beachside lunch before eventually boarding a helicopter for a thrilling 36-minute flight above Haleakala Crater and the island’s rough coast.(你还将享受一顿海滨午餐，然后登上直升机，在哈雷阿卡拉火山口和岛上崎岖的海岸上空进行36分钟的惊险飞行)”可知，Hana Grand Tour提供飞行体验。故选C。
【3题详解】
细节理解题。根据第二段中“You will enjoy beautiful beaches, quiet coastline, and towering waterfalls as you drive your way across the Kalepa Bridge, where the highway continues to Kipahulu on the Piilani Highway.(当你开车穿过Kalepa桥时，你会享受到美丽的海滩、宁静的海岸线和高耸的瀑布，在这里，高速公路继续沿着Piilani高速公路延伸到基帕鲁)”；第三段中“During this 6-hour adventure, you can sit back and relax inside your bus on the way to Hana, stopping at Hana Tropical Gardens and at wonderful waterfalls, where you’ll have time to swim. (在这6个小时的冒险旅程中，您可以在前往哈纳的巴士内坐下来放松，在哈纳热带花园和美妙的瀑布前停下来，在那里您将有时间游泳)”；第四段中“Learn about the Maui’s ecosystems, be impressed at magical waterfalls, climb rock formations, and leap into the fresh water pools below for a refreshing swim. (了解毛伊岛的生态系统，对神奇的瀑布印象深刻，攀爬岩层，跳进下面的淡水池进行清新的游泳)”以及最后一段中“You can visit multiple beautiful waterfalls, with a local tour guide. (在当地导游的带领下，你可以游览多个美丽的瀑布)”。可知，四次旅行中都能看瀑布。故选A。
【答案】4. C 5. D 6. C 7. A
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了CHAMP援助犬组织通过为像Todd Nicely这样的残疾人提供服务犬来帮助他们。
【4题详解】
推理判断题。根据第二段中““I didn’t want to put my guys through anything that I wouldn’t want to do, so a lot of the times I was in the front,” he told the news while remembering the incident that changed his life.(“我不想让我的队员们经历任何我不想做的事情，所以很多时候我都在前线，”他在回忆起那个改变了他一生的事件时说)”可推知，Todd Nicely在军队服役时很体贴他人。故选C。
【5题详解】
细节理解题。根据第三段中“The non-profit’s task focuses on connecting service dogs to people with disabilities who need them.(该非营利组织的任务主要是将服务犬与需要它们的残疾人联系起来)”可知，CHAMP援助犬的目的是在残疾人和服务犬之间建立纽带。故选D。
【6题详解】
词句猜测题。根据画线词后文“in seeing someone become more independent because a dog is there to help them”可知，看到有人因为有狗在那里帮助他们而变得更加独立，CHAMP援助犬的主任感到非常高兴，故画线词意思是“高兴的”。故选C。
【7题详解】
推理判断题。根据最后一段“Nicely hopes that Hugo helps other soldiers by showing them it’s important to seek assistance when you need help. “You are supposed to be this tough man. Now, all of a sudden, you’re asking for help. It’s like, ‘am I weak ’ ‘No’,” Nicely said. “It doesn’t make you weak. It actually makes you stronger to ask for help,” he added.(Nicely希望雨果能帮助其他士兵，告诉他们当你需要帮助的时候寻求帮助是很重要的。“你应该是个坚强的人。现在，突然之间，你开始寻求帮助了。就像，‘我弱吗？’‘并不弱’，”奈斯利说。“这不会让你变得软弱。它实际上会让你更坚强地寻求帮助，”他补充道)”可推知，士兵很少寻求帮助。故选A。
【答案】8. C 9. A 10. B 11. D
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇说明文，介绍碳标签的含义及一项相关研究，研究表明，碳标签可以有效地改变公司和消费者的行为。
【8题详解】
细节理解题。根据第一段“Carbon labels can be effective in changing company as well as consumer behavior, as companies adjust their carbon footprint with the two goals of increased efficiency and improved reputation, according to a newly published research by Climate Change Research Network.”（根据气候变化研究网络最新发布的一项研究，碳标签可以有效地改变公司和消费者的行为，因为公司以提高效率和声誉为目标调整自己的碳足迹。）可知，使用碳标签，公司会调整碳足迹以提高声誉，说明碳标签会影响企业的声誉。故选C项。
【9题详解】
主旨大意题。根据第四段，尤其是前两句“Many carbon labels are similar to nutritional and ingredient (成分) information on grocery items. Carbon labels, however, estimate a product’s carbon emissions (排放) from its creation to its end.”（许多碳标签与食品杂货上的营养成分信息类似，不过碳标签是对产品在整个生命周期内的碳排放量的估量。）可知，第四段介绍了碳标签的含义，即对产品在整个生命周期内的碳排放量的估量。故选A项。
【10题详解】
细节理解题。根据第四段的最后一句“Consumers can learn how many grams or kilograms of carbon they use when purchasing anything from a bag of chips to a new truck.”（从一袋薯片到一辆新卡车，消费者可以了解他们在购买任何东西时使用了多少克或多少千克的碳。）可知，碳标签改变消费者行为体现在，消费者可以通过碳标签了解自己使用了多少碳。故选B项。
【11题详解】
主旨大意题。结合全文，尤其是最后一段“Carbon labels are an important and practical way to reduce carbon emissions. They can lead companies to reduce carbon emissions even if consumer responses to the labels are not strong. As a result, carbon labels should be designed to affect not only retail consumer behavior but also the behavior of company managers.”（碳标签是减少碳排放的一种重要而实用的方法。即使消费者对碳标签的反应不强烈，碳标签也可以引导公司减少碳排放。因此，碳标签的设计不仅要影响零售消费者的行为，还要影响公司经理的行为。）可知，碳标签有利于减少碳排放，从而有利于应对气候变化。所以D项“碳标签有助于应对气候变化”最适合作为本文标题。故选D项。
【答案】12. B 13. A 14. D 15. D
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。研究人员最近创造出了柔软而灵活章鱼机器人，介绍了它的移动原理和目前存在的问题，并说明了将来的改进方向。
【12题详解】
推理判断题。由文章第一段最后一句“The adorable autonomous octobot that stands a mere 2 cm tall has no rigid parts, enabling it to squeeze through the tiniest of spaces, just like octopuses.(这个可爱的自主章鱼机器人只有2厘米高，没有坚硬的部分，使它能够像章鱼一样挤过最微小的空间。)”可知，这个可爱的自主章鱼机器人只有2厘米高，没有坚硬的部分，使它能够像章鱼一样挤过最微小的空间。说明它的灵活性提高了。故选B项。
【13题详解】
主旨大意题。通读文章二段“The octobot, which is mainly made of rubber, is fueled by a mixture of hydrogen peroxide and water. The liquid that is pumped into the robot’s body through a series of 3-D printed chambers reacts with the spots of platinum that are planted within the octobot and forms water and oxygen. The released gas builds up the pressure in the controller and the chambers in the robot’s arms, causing them to move. (章鱼机器人主要由橡胶制成，由过氧化氢和水的混合物提供燃料。通过一系列3d打印的腔体泵入机器人体内的液体与植入机器人体内的铂斑发生反应，形成水和氧气。释放出来的气体在控制器和机器人手臂上的腔室中形成压力，使它们移动。)”可知，第二段主要讲了章鱼机器人的移动原理。故选A项。
【14题详解】
细节理解题。由文章三段“That’s because the liquid battery only provides power for about eight minutes. (这是因为液体电池只能提供大约8分钟的电力。)”可知，液体电池只能提供大约8分钟的电力，它需要一个更强大的电池，因此它只是一个概念。故选D项。
【15题详解】
推理判断题。由文章最后一段“Although soft robotics is still in its beginning stage, it holds great potential for several applications, such as servicing, and inspecting machinery, search-and-rescue operations, and exploration. (虽然软机器人技术仍处于起步阶段，但它在一些应用方面具有很大的潜力，例如服务和检查机械、搜索和救援行动以及探索。)”可知，研究人员认为软机器人的前途十分光明。故选D项。
内蒙古赤峰市2020-2021学年高二下学期期末考试英语试题
【答案】1. D 2. A 3. B
【答案】4. D 5. B 6. A 7. A
【答案】8. A 9. D 10. B 11. C
【答案】12. A 13. B 14. C 15. B
内蒙古赤峰市2019-2020学年高二下学期期末考试英语试题
【答案】1. A 2. B 3. B
【解析】
本文是一篇说明文，文章通过介绍有关经历失败而获得成功的人物故事，四本书的主旨告诉我们：失败乃成功之母。
【1题详解】
推理判断题。从每一段的Ages 6 to 12.来看，年龄都是6到12岁，所以是孩子的年纪。由此判断出四本书是写给孩子的。故选A项。
【2题详解】
细节理解题。根据第三个小标题下面的最后一句“In this book, Reynolds writes about various common men, women and children.”在这本书里，Reynolds写了关于不同的普通男人，女人和孩子的故事。所以《梦幻的失败》这本书讲述的是普通人的故事。故选B项。
【3题详解】
推理判断题。通读全文可知，根据文中“Authors Slader and Thompson focus on life-or-death scenes, such as when the Wright brothers crashed their glider over and over on the sandy coast of North Carolina; it took them two more years to get it right.”莱特兄弟驾驶的滑翔机在一次又一次坠毁在北卡罗来纳州的沙滩上，他们花了2年多的时间才把事情弄清楚。第二个表格中“Our first attempt was a failure. Still, we didn’t give up. We tried again. And again.”我们第一次尝试失败了，我们仍然没有放弃，我们一次又一次尝试。第三个表格“person actually had to face huge challenges to accomplish goals.”为了实现目标，人们实际上不得不面对巨大的挑战。第四部分“Field suffered before he achieved this major breakthrough.”菲尔德在取得这一重大突破之前遭受了很多的罪，可知，文章介绍的四本书的内容都是有关经历失败而获得成功的人物故事。由此判断我们能从中学到，失败乃成功之母，故选B项。
【答案】4. C 5. D 6. D 7. A
【解析】
这是一篇记叙文。作者见证一位毕业生通过手机和奶奶分享毕业经历，从而改变了对手机的看法。
【4题详解】
推理判断题。根据第三段的My nephew was going to receive his bachelor’s degree.可知，我侄子要拿到学士学位了。由此可以推出，作者去这所大学的原因是因为他的侄子要毕业了，也就是去参加亲属的毕业典礼。故选C。
【5题详解】
细节理解题。根据第四段的There were several nonsensical（无意义）conversations going on with the accompanying giggles of the not-quite-mature students, but then one conversation in particular caught my attention.可知，有几次毫无意义的对话，伴随着不太成熟的学生的咯咯笑声，并不能引起我的注意，但有一次谈话特别引起了我的注意。根据倒数第二段可知，这一段是在描述一位女生和她奶奶通过电话分享毕业经历。根据最后一段的And somehow, my initial surprise and annoy at the use of cell phones during such a serious occasion left me. These little representatives of modern technology had joined a young woman and her devoted Gran to share a very special moment in time.可知，我最初对在如此严肃的场合使用手机感到惊讶和恼火的情绪已经不在了。这些现代科技的小代表们加入了一位女生和她挚爱的奶奶去分享一个非常特殊的时刻。由此可以看出，作者的注意力被吸引的原因是一个女生正和她的奶奶分享这个特殊的时刻。故选D。
【6题详解】
推理判断题。根据最后一段的And somehow, my initial surprise and annoy at the use of cell phones during such a serious occasion left me. These little representatives of modern technology had joined a young woman and her devoted Gran to share a very special moment in time.可知，我最初对在如此严肃的场合使用手机感到惊讶和恼火的情绪已经不在了。这些现代科技的小代表们加入了一位女生和她挚爱的奶奶去分享一个非常特殊的时刻。由此可以看出，作者和之前的看法有所不同，不再惊讶，不再恼火，所以对于这位女生和奶奶分享毕业经历是一种感动。故选D。
【7题详解】
推理判断题。根据最后一段的And somehow, my initial surprise and annoy at the use of cell phones during such a serious occasion left me. These little representatives of modern technology had joined a young woman and her devoted Gran to share a very special moment in time.可知，我最初对在如此严肃的场合使用手机感到惊讶和恼火的情绪已经不在了。这些现代科技的小代表们加入了一位女生和她挚爱的奶奶去分享一个非常特殊的时刻，这令作者改变看法，很感动。由此可以推出，作者写这篇文章的目的就是描述生活中令人激动的时刻。故选A。
【答案】8. C 9. D 10. A 11. C
【解析】
本文是说明文。由于存在渔船在非法捕鱼时关掉船上的自动识别系统的现象，带有小探测器的信天翁被用于通过发送船舶位置来提供帮助，判断渔船是否在非法捕鱼。
【8题详解】
主旨大意题。第一段开头介绍了渔船在进行非法捕鱼时，会关掉船上的自动识别系统，使渔船在监管下消失。根据Now, researchers have shown that albatrosses(信天翁)bearing small detectors can find these doubtful ships, even in the middle of the open ocean.可知带有小探测器的信天翁能够在广阔的海洋中找到这些可疑的船只。下文详细介绍了信天翁的工作过程和作用，所以第一段主要是介绍一些海鸟被用来监视非法捕鱼，引出下文内容。故选C。
【9题详解】
细节理解题。根据第二段The method could also help albatrosses themselves, which can be killed when they get caught or accidentally eat fishing hooks.可知这种方法也可以帮助信天翁自己，当它们被抓住或不小心被钩住时，它们可能会被杀死。即这种方法可以帮助信天翁避免被杀死或被钩住致死，故选D。
【10题详解】
推理判断题。根据最后两段中的Those locations were sent to the lab in less than 2 hours. If they did not match the locations of ships with an active AIS, the team knew the ships had switched it off.和Although the albatrosses can detect ships, ……可知如果信天翁探测到渔船，渔船的位置会被很快传到实验室，通过位置对比就能判断渔船是否关闭了船上的自动识别系统，是否在非法捕鱼。所以信天翁是通过发送船舶位置来提供帮助的，故选A。
【11题详解】
推理判断题。文章介绍的是带有小探测器的信天翁被用于通过发送船舶位置来提供帮助，判断渔船是否在非法捕鱼。此类文章不属于教育、政治和健康内容，而应该是出自报纸的科学版块，故选C。
【答案】12. A 13. A 14. C 15. D
【解析】
这是一篇议论文。文章通过描写让蒙娜丽莎说话和一种叫deepfake的技术可以让产生无法分辨视频是假的，从而的得出我们每个人都要小心自己在网上发的内容，有可能会被利用，眼见不一定可信。
【12题详解】
推理判断题。根据第三段的The word “deepfake” is a combination of the words “deep learning” and “fake”. Deep learning refers to the use of machine learning and artificial intelligence to create images of human faces.可知，deepfake一词是“深度学习”和“假”的组合。深度学习是指使用机器学习和人工智能来创建人脸图像。有根据The word was used first in 2017可知，这是在讲此词源头。所以第三段是通过一个定义概念来发展的，从而再解释。故选A。
【13题详解】
推理判断题。根据第五段的This system uses two separate artificial intelligence systems that are trained such that one generates the images and the other attempts to tell if they are fake.可知，这个系统使用两个独立的人工智能系统，经过训练，其中一个生成图像，另一个尝试判断图像是否是假的。由此可以推断出，GAN需要训练。故选A。
【14题详解】
推理判断题。根据最后一段的Fake news would easily go out of hand if people believed the fake videos as real and it could have political and social effect.可知，如果人们相信这些假视频是真的，并且可能产生政治和社会影响，假新闻很容易失控。又因There is a lesson here for each of us to be careful about what we post on the Internet. In the future, you might see a picture or video of yourself and may not be able to tell that it is fake!可知，我们每个人都要小心自己在互联网上发布的内容。将来，你可能会看到自己的一张照片或视频，却可能无法分辨它是假的！由此可以看出，我们要小心在网络上发布的内容，否则可能会被利用，无法分辨真假，从而产生坏的影响。也就是我们都可能成为deepfakes的受害者。故选C。
【15题详解】
主旨大意题。根据最后一段的There is a lesson here for each of us to be careful about what we post on the Internet. In the future, you might see a picture or video of yourself and may not be able to tell that it is fake! It all just goes to show that seeing is not always believing.可知，这里有一个教训，我们每个人都要小心自己在互联网上发布的内容。将来，你可能会看到自己的一张照片或视频，却可能无法分辨它是假的！这一切都表明，眼见不一定可信。所以这也就是deepfakes该不该相信，故选D。
阅读理解专题
内蒙古赤峰市2021-2022学年高二下学期期末考试英语试题
第一节（共15小题；每小题2分，满分30分）
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项(A、B、C、和D)中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
A
Road to Hana Tours
The famous roadway along Maui’s North Shore provides fantastic views for travelers who enjoy the beauty of nature.
Road to Hana Day Trip
You will enjoy beautiful beaches, quiet coastline, and towering waterfalls as you drive your way across the Kalepa Bridge, where the highway continues to Kipahulu on the Piilani Highway. This journey through the narrow highway consists of 59 bridges and over 600 turnings taking travelers in and out of rainforests and tropical plants.
Hana Grand Tour
During this 6-hour adventure, you can sit back and relax inside your bus on the way to Hana, stopping at Hana Tropical Gardens and at wonderful waterfalls, where you’ll have time to swim. You’ll also enjoy a beachside lunch before eventually boarding a helicopter for a thrilling 36-minute flight above Haleakala Crater and the island’s rough coast. This grand small-group trip to Hana also includes a professional guide.
Rainforest Hiking Adventure
Experience the green beauty of East Maui on this rainforest hike with an informative local guide. Learn about the Maui’s ecosystems, be impressed at magical waterfalls, climb rock formations, and leap into the fresh water pools below for a refreshing swim. Enjoy a delicious, healthy lunch along the way — it’s included in the tour price.
Jungle Adventure on Maui
This personalized experience is great for nature lovers. You can visit multiple beautiful waterfalls, with a local tour guide. There are chances for safe cliff jumping, or choose to swim, or simply admire the magic of the falls. If the group is 4 people or more, this will be a private tour for your family only.
1. Which is the best choice for those who love self-driving tours
A. Road to Hana Day Trip. B. Hana Grand Tour.
C. Rainforest Hiking Adventure. D. Jungle Adventure on Maui.
2. What do we know about Hana Grand Tour
A. It lasts a whole day. B. It includes a local guide.
C. It provides a flight experience. D. It offers a free wonderful lunch
3. What can you do in all the four tours
A. See waterfalls. B. Enjoy swimming.
C. Walk in rainforests. D. Climb rock formations
B
The St. Louis soldier, Todd Nicely joined the navy in 2007, and was severely injured—lost his arms and legs and his life was almost taken away while serving abroad in 2010.
“I didn’t want to put my guys through anything that I wouldn’t want to do, so a lot of the times I was in the front,” he told the news while remembering the incident that changed his life. Over the past decade, Nicely has learned to adjust to the world with amputated arms and legs, a way of life that recently became a bit easier thanks to the addition of a service dog.
CHAMP Assistance Dogs in St. Louis, Missouri, gifted Nicely with a service dog named Hugo this season. The non-profit’s task focuses on connecting service dogs to people with disabilities who need them. Hugo is trained to assist Nicely with his day-to-day tasks, small gestures that add up to significant changes for the man.
“Nearly 12 years later, Hugo is pam of the family. Having him here to pick things up that I drop is kind of a blessing. It makes my quality of life a lot better,” Nicely told KMOV News 4.
This improved quality of life is what CHAMP works hard to provide for soldiers and other individuals who benefit from the support of a service dog. “Hugo is making a difference in Todd’s life. It is a wonderful feeling for all of us, and we are on top of the world in seeing someone become more independent because a dog is there to help them,” Pam Budke, CHAMP Assistance Dogs’ director, shared with KMOV News 4.
Nicely hopes that Hugo helps other soldiers by showing them it’s important to seek assistance when you need help. “You are supposed to be this tough man. Now, all of a sudden, you’re asking for help. It’s like, ‘am I weak ’ ‘No’,” Nicely said. “It doesn’t make you weak. It actually makes you stronger to ask for help,” he added.
4. Which of the following can describe Todd Nicely best in army service
A. Lucky. B. Clever. C. Considerate. D. Well-educated.
5. What is the purpose of CHAMP Assistance Dogs
A. To send homeless dogs to people. B. To help people train service dogs.
C. To make the disabled adjust to the world. D. To create a bond between the disabled and service dogs.
6. What does the underlined phrase “on top of the world” in Paragraph 5 mean
A. Ashamed. B. Astonished. C. Delighted. D. Embarrassed.
7. What can be inferred about the soldiers from the last paragraph
A. They seldom ask for help. B. They like being tough to others.
C. They love dogs more than anyone else. D. They need to show their weakness sometimes.
C
Carbon labels can be effective in changing company as well as consumer behavior, as companies adjust their carbon footprint with the two goals of increased efficiency and improved reputation, according to a newly published research by Climate Change Research Network.
The research was published in the journal Nature Climate Change. The analysis outlines the potential effects of carbon labeling — a practice that is receiving attention as companies try hard to figure out how to engage in sustainable practices.
While international and national government efforts at controlling climate change have had limited success in the past year, carbon labeling can be done by the private part. It can also support the development of government measures, such as border allowances and carbon taxes.
Many carbon labels are similar to nutritional and ingredient (成分) information on grocery items. Carbon labels however, estimate a product’s carbon emissions (排放) from its creation to its end. Some labels provide a simple stoplight-type signal about how a product compares to others. Other labels provide an equal greenhouse gas emissions number, detailing how much carbon went into the creation, transportation, use and end of a product. Some labels include both. Consumers can learn how many grams or kilograms of carbon they use when purchasing anything from a bag of chips to a new truck.
Existing literature on carbon labels has focused on how the practice limits consumers’ carbon emissions. The research, however, reveals that businesses often respond to labeling programs by reducing their carbon footprint, possibly because calculating carbon footprints helps them identify efficiencies — and because the disclosure (公开) can affect company reputation.
The study addresses key challenges for carbon labels, such as setting uniform standards, collecting accurate data and designing labels for a global range of products and industries. The research team also provides recommendations on how to institute carbon labels as a common practice in society.
Carbon labels are an important and practical way to reduce carbon emissions. They can lead companies to reduce carbon emissions even if consumer responses to the labels are not strong. As a result, carbon labels should be designed to affect not only retail consumer behavior but also the behavior of company managers.
8. In what aspect does carbon labeling affect a business
A. Production. B. Management. C. Fame. D. Strategy.
9. What is the fourth paragraph mainly about
A. What carbon labels actually mean. B. What carbon labels look like.
C. How carbon labels are designed. D. How carbon labels benefit people.
10. How can carbon labels change consumer behavior related to carbon
A. They have consumers pay extra for certain goods.
B. They inform consumers of carbon amount they use.
C. They restrict the carbon footprint of consumers.
D. They have a positive effect on consumer reputation.
11. Which of the following can be the best title for the text
A. Carbon Labeling Benefits More than Companies
B An Effective Way to Change Company Behavior
C. How to Measure Consumers’ Carbon Footprint
D. Carbon Labels Aid in Fighting Climate Change
D
While researchers have recently created soft and flexible robots, they still contain hard electric power and control systems. Now, thanks to a team led by Harvard University professors, Robert Wood and Jennifer A. Lewis, there is finally a breakthrough. The adorable autonomous octobot that stands a mere 2 cm tall has no rigid parts, enabling it to squeeze through the tiniest of spaces, just like octopuses(章鱼).
The octobot, which is mainly made of rubber, is fueled by a mixture of hydrogen peroxide and water. The liquid that is pumped into the robot’s body through a series of 3-D printed chambers(室) reacts with the spots of platinum(铂) that are planted within the octobot and forms water and oxygen. The released gas builds up the pressure in the controller and the chambers in the robot’s arms, causing them to move.
The researchers, who introduced the revolutionary robot in the scientific journal Nature, say that octobot is currently just a proof of concept and not ready for the real world. That’s because the liquid battery only provides power for about eight minutes. Additionally, it lacks controls and therefore cannot be directed in any direction. The team hopes to solve the issues in their next version of the soft robot, which will be able to move, swim, and sense objects in the environment.
Wood believes that the octobot’s easy-to-build design, low cost, and the fact that its fuel ability can be increased will encourage other scientists and roboticists to create more complex designs. The researchers say, “Although soft robotics is still in its beginning stage, it holds great potential for several applications, such as servicing, and inspecting machinery, search-and-rescue operations, and exploration.” Given how adorable they are, we agree with that statement.
12 What is the main characteristic of the octobot compared to the former robots
A. Shape. B. Flexibility. C. Driving pattern. D. Production cost.
13. What is Paragraph 2 mainly about
A. The octobot’s movement principle. B. The octobot’s building materials.
C. The octobot’s living habits. D. The octobot’s future market.
14. Why do the researchers say the octobot is just a concept
A. It is perfect in control system. B. It is still in the step of theoretical research.
C. It is useless in real situations. D. It needs a more powerful battery.
15. What are the researchers’ opinions about soft robots
A. They are universal. B. They are impractical.
C. They are unprofitable. D. They are promising.
内蒙古赤峰市2020-2021学年高二下学期期末考试英语试题
第一节（共15小题；每小题2分，满分30分）
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。
A
Join Trackers Earth for award-winning Spring Break Camps. Parents know us as one of the most engaging camps in Portland. Here are the newest Spring Break Camps for your lovely kids.
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Grade 1—5 Learn forest skills. Carve your own tools and learn the uses of wild plants. Make a fire with many methods. Make your camp and home in the wilderness. Tuition:$90 Grade 6—10 Make shelters from natural materials. Use your knife for woodworking and making other advanced camp craft. Navigate and stay “found” in the wilderness. Train in human tracking and how to care for the survival of others. Tuition: $84.
Day Camp Schedule 7:30 AM—8:30 AM Free and flexible morning check-in 8:30AM—3:00 PM Buses depart at 8:30 AM to travel to outdoor adventure 3: 00 PM—3:30 PM Free and flexible afternoon chcck-out 3:30 PM—6: 00 PM Pre-registered extended camp Our flexible early check-in and later check-out times offer options for working parents. You can add affordable Extended Camp until 6 p.m.
Spring Break Extended Camp Extended Camp is offered through our commitment to support working families. Our extended camp is time well spent with nature themed games and activities. Pre-registration is required. Extended Camp 3: 30 p.m.——6 p.m. $20 per afternoon with pre-registration of a single days $30 per afternoon unregistered
If you want to get more information, please click the right access to the page.
1. What skill will a kid in Grade 7 learn in Wilderness Survival Camps
A. Starting a fire in the wild. B. Tracking animals in the wilderness.
C. Setting a trap for wild animals. D. Building survival shelters.
2. What time is available for check-in
A. 8:00 AM B. 3:00 PM C. 9:00 AM D. 3:30PM
3. Where can we read the text
A. In a newspaper. B. On the Internet.
C. In a travel guide. D. On TV.
B
A South-African female engineer has become an inspiration for other women looking to succeed in fields led by men, after photos of her constructing an extension to her house went so popular on social media.
Last month, South Africa celebrated Women's Month and a 26-year-old woman from Pietermaritzburg became the unlikely poster girl for this year's celebration, after photos of her single-handedly working on an extension to her house went popular on Facebook and other social networks. The pictures showed the woman preparing the cement, making all the measurements and piling the building blocks all by herself, which not only won her a lot of praise, but also empowered other women to follow their dreams even if the difficulties are against them.
South African website Briefly managed to track down the woman of the photos, who turned out to be a trained civil engineer named Zama Philisiwe Zungu. She inherited the passion for construction from her father, who is also a builder, and made the decision to become an engineer in 2014, getting into the Umgungundlovu TVET College in her home city.
Zama said that she had never worked in construction before, but that the practical exams she had passed during college gave her the confidence that she could build the extension to her house by herself. “This is what I am good at,” the 26-year-old said. “Renovating my home is very fun and exciting at the same time; practices are more fun than theory.”
Zama dreams of one day running her own construction company and plans to empower more women in the engineering industry. “Always put your best in everything that you do and never underestimate the power of pouring your heart in what you do. Always seek to improve and empower yourself.” Zama advised other women.
4. Why has the female engineer become an inspiration for other women
A. Because she is popular on social media.
B. Because she goes to college in a poor country.
C. Because women finally control the main fields
D. Because women seldom succeed in the construction industry.
5. What do we know about Zama
A. She chose the best location for her house. B. She made a lot of preparations on her own.
C. She praised other women following their dreams. D. She made a lot of building blocks and cement.
6. What does the underlined word “Renovating” mean in paragraph 4
A. Making the room better and larger. B. Painting the walls of a new house.
C. Tearing an old house into pieces. D. Drawing a new room in the paper.
7. Which of the following best describes Zama
A. Inspiring and persevering. B. Romantic and hardworking.
C. Creative and sympathetic. D. Cooperative and reliable.
C
Slat's life began to change after a holiday trip to Greece with his family when he was 16. What he actually saw in the ocean was an awful lot or plastic waste. From that moment on, Slat dived into a project to find a solution to this alarming problem. Struck by the idea of a floating barrier that could collect plastic, he founded his company, The Ocean Cleanup, at the age of 18. Although the idea was named one of the best inventions of 2015 by TIME magazine, he received negative feedback from the specialists in environmental issues.
Slat was not discouraged and saw his mission as a race against time. It is estimated that up to 14 million tons of plastic enter the oceans from land every year. Plastic gradually breaks down into very small pieces called microplastics, which can eventually enter the food chain.
After five and a half years' hard work, the Dutch inventor launched the world's first ocean plastic cleanup system: System 001. The U-shaped pipe, about 609 meters in length, snakes its way out under the Golden Gate Bridge into the Pacific. These floating barriers will capture plastic waste as the ocean currents flow past. Ships will collect the waste and bring it to land for recycling every few months. According to Slat, if all goes to plan, an array of 60 systems could reduce the amount of plastic there by as much as 50 percent by 2025.
However, there remains a problem: What will happen to the plastic brought back to shore from Slat's systems It's likely that lots of the waste will eventually be recycled into more single-use plastics that end up back in the oceans. That doesn't mean Slat will give up.
8. What contributes to Slat's idea of solving plastic waste in the ocean
A. A vacation abroad B. Negative feedback from the experts.
C. Diving deep into the ocean. D. A floating barrier to collect plastic.
9. How does plastic waste harm the world at last
A. It will pollute the ocean. B. It will make the ocean too dirty to swim in.
C. It will make it difficult ocean currents to flow. D. It will be contained in the foods for humans.
10. What can we know about System 001 from the passage
A. It's the world's best ocean plastic cleanup system.
B. It winds its way into the Pacific.
C. Ships will capture the plastic waste.
D. The amount of plastic will be decreased by a quarter.
11. What is the author's purpose in writing the passage
A. To praise. B. To warn. C. To inform. D. To entertain.
D
Imagine shopping in a store only to realize during checkout that your wallet and phone are both missing! However, what if the cashier told you that you could pay using your palm by hovering it over a scanner By linking your palm to a credit card this may soon become a reality thanks to Amazon's newest product: Amazon One.
Like fingerprints, palm prints are unique to a person. Did you know that the ridges on our palms and the patterns of veins under the skin develop during the fetal stage, even before we are born As the fetus grows in the mother's womb, the outer smooth layer of the skin forms first after which the inner layer develops and grows much faster. Also, as the growing fetus rubs against the sides of the womb, the skin gets pushed around. All this leads to the inner skin layer folding into ridges and that impacts the outer skin as well. The blood vessel patterns also develop in the womb within the first 20 weeks of development.
Palm scanners use infrared light to capture the ridges and vein patterns to create a person's “unique signature”. Palm scan technology has been around for some time. Unlike fingerprint scans that may not record correct information when there is a cut or bruise, or when fingers are wet, the patterns of veins don't change during the human lifetime. More importantly, unlike fingerprints that can be dusted from something people touch, it is not possible to get a picture of a person's palm and guess the vein patterns.
One of the biggest concerns is security as Amazon plans to store the users' data on the cloud. This is a risk as hackers can get access to this information unlike Apple's face scan technology that stores the data on your iPhone. Though there is much concern over Amazon One, it is a pretty impressive technology. Who knows—in the future, all you may need to do is wave your hand to pay!
12. What is the passage mainly about
A. Pay by moving your palm. B. The working functions of Palm scanners.
C. Shopping terms of Future payment. D. Concerns over Amazon One.
13. What does Paragraph 2 intend to present
A. Why our palm prints are special. B. How our palm prints form.
C. What contributes to the growth of fingerprints. D. When palm prints are developed.
14. How is Paragraph 3 developed
A. Offering examples. B. Listing data.
C. Making comparisons. D. Analyzing causes.
15. What is the author's attitude towards Amazon One
A. Uncaring B. Cautious. C. Disapproving. D. Positive.
内蒙古赤峰市2019-2020学年高二下学期期末考试英语试题
第一节（共15小题；每小题2分，满分30分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A.B.C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。
A
Essay
Epic Fails: The Wright Brothers: Nose-Diving into History By Erik Slader and Ben Thompson. Ages 6 to 12. The first book in the Epic Fails series deals with one of the most ambitious goals humans have pursued: the quests to fly. Authors Slader and Thompson focus on life-or-death scenes, such as when the Wright brothers crashed their glider over and over on the sandy coast of North Carolina; it took them two more years to get it right.
Epic Fails: The Race to Space: Countdown to Liftoff By Erik Slader and Ben Thompson. Ages 6 to 12 Today, everyone is familiar with Neil Armstrong’s famous words as he first set foot on the moon, “That’s one small step for man, one giant leap for mankind.” He made it look easy, but America’s journey to the moon was anything but simple. Our first attempt was a failure. Still, we didn’t give up. We tried again. And again. And each time we failed, we failed a little bit better.
Fantastic Failures: True Stories of People Who Changed the World by Falling Down First By Luke Reynolds. Ages 6 to 12. Teacher Luke Reynolds opens each chapter with a quick, impossibly perfect version of one person’s life and then says how that person actually had to face huge challenges to accomplish goals. In this book, Reynolds writes about various common men, women and children.
Cyrus Field’s Big dream：The Daring Effort to Lay the First Transatlantic Telegraph Cable By Mary Morton Cowan. Ages 6 to 12. In 1853，it took at least a week to relay a message between the United States and Europe because people had to be transported on ships over the Atlantic Ocean. Cyrus Field tried to reduce that transmission（传送）time to just minutes by laying a long undersea cable. In this book，Cowan describes many failures Field suffered before he achieved this major breakthrough.
1. Who are the four books intended for
A. Children. B. Teenagers. C. Adults. D. Old people.
2. What do we know about Fantastic Failures
A. It was written by a famous actor. B. It tells stories of ordinary people.
C. It is about science fiction stories. D. It is a picture book by a teacher.
3. What lesson can we learn from the four books
A. All roads lead to Rome. B. Failure is the mother of success.
C. An early bird catches worms D. Actions speak louder than words.
B
Last weekend marked one of the nicest days so far this spring.
It was warm with a tiny breeze; the sun penetrated through lightweight sweaters to warm the skin; the male choir was warming up, and the graduates were walking around the lawn behind the throng of six-thousand-plus observers.
With all of the parents, sisters, brothers, grandparents, aunts and uncles, the state university was a center of activity. My nephew was going to receive his bachelor’s degree. Who would have guessed that four years would go by so quickly
As the crowd of freshly elegant candidates wandered, joked, hugged and chattered behind the platform, I heard several cell phones ring. There were several nonsensical(无意义)conversations going on with the accompanying giggles of the not-quite-mature students, but then one conversation in particular caught my attention.
“Yes, Grandma, I’m really graduating. I can’t believe it, either!I never thought I’d be here today, you know Really!Like, I know it!Yes, it’s a very special day...Hold on, we’re lining up...Oh wow, they’ve got hundreds of balloons they’re going to release!Yes, Kelly’s here...Okay, I’ll give her your love…here we go!Gran, I’m graduating!…Love you too, Gran. I’m so glad you could be here with me!”
And somehow, my initial surprise and annoy at the use of cell phones during such a serious occasion left me. These little representatives of modern technology had joined a young woman and her devoted Gran to share a very special moment in time.
4. The author went to the university to______.
A. enjoy the beautiful spring day B. see how the graduates act
C. see a relative graduate D. receive a bachelor’s degree
5. Why was the author’s attention was caught
A. Because the conversation was carried on the cell phone.
B. Because the young woman sounded different from other students.
C. Because several nonsensical conversations were going on.
D. Because a young woman was sharing a special moment with her gran.
6. How did the author feel after he heard the conversation between the young woman and her grandmother
A. Surprised. B. Annoyed. C. Puzzled. D. Moved.
7. What’s the purpose of the author in writing the passage
A. To describe an exciting moment in life.
B. To explain the convenience technology brings us.
C. To advise us to use cell phones properly in public places.
D. To describe a common scene in life.
C
Sometimes fishing ships disappear: Captains turn off the radios that broadcast their locations, leaving regulators wondering whether the ships are fishing illegally. Now, researchers have shown that albatrosses(信天翁)bearing small detectors can find these doubtful ships, even in the middle of the open ocean. After a 6-month study with the large seabirds, the researchers say that more than one-third of ships in the southern Indian Ocean are fishing illegally.
“These are animal police,” says Boris Worm of Dalhousie University. “You’re empowering animals to survey their own environment, ”Worm says. “That’s pretty cool.” The method could also help albatrosses themselves, which can be killed when they get caught or accidentally eat fishing hooks. The researchers will be there on time.
Illegal fishing is a major concern for environment biologists, especially in remote areas. Over the past decade, scientists have studied the problem with data from automatic identification systems (AISs) on ships, which send their identity, location, speed, and direction to satellites. But AlSs can be turned off. Researchers suspect that fishing ships turn off AISs when they are fishing illegally or want to prevent competitors from knowing where they are getting a good catch.
Albatrosses make good spies. The birds, which live on fish, can spot a fishing ship from as far away as 30 kilometers. Some species fly hundreds or thousands of kilometers while hunting. Between December 2018 and June 2019, the birds met 353 ships. Those locations were sent to the lab in less than 2 hours. If they did not match the locations of ships with an active AIS, the team knew the ships had switched it off. In international waters, 37% of detected ships had their AlS switched off and fished illegally.
Although the albatrosses can detect ships, they cannot track them over longer distances, one scientist says. He says, “What you need to do is to look for patterns to take pictures as evidence.” More albatrosses will be arranged in March and April around the Prince Edward Islands in the southern Indian Ocean to reveal the illegal fishing.
8. What is the main idea of the first paragraph
A. Fishing ships disappear sometimes.
B. Illegal fishing is very serious in the open ocean.
C. Some seabirds are used to monitor the illegal fishing.
D. One-third of ships in the southern Indian Ocean are fishing illegally.
9. What benefit will the method do for the albatrosses
A. They can get enough food.
B. They can get saved when in danger.
C. They can protect their own rights of fishing.
D. They can avoid being killed or eating fishing hooks.
10. How do the seabirds offer help
A. By sending locations of ships.
B. By turning off AISs of the ships.
C. By following the ships as far as possible.
D. By taking the pictures of ships fishing illegally.
11. In which column of a newspaper can this text be read
A. Education. B. Politics. C. Science. D. Health
D
If the lady in the Mona Lisa painting could talk, she could tell us why she was smiling for the pose, isn’t it But, of course, that is not possible because she is just a painting.
However, recently, Samsung Labs in Moscow demonstrated an Al program that could create a video of a person talking just from one single profile picture. The result A talking Mona Lisa, thanks to a technology, known as deepfake!
The word “deepfake” is a combination of the words “deep learning” and “fake”. Deep learning refers to the use of machine learning and artificial intelligence to create images of human faces. The word was used first in 2017 when an anonymous person using the name “deepfake” began to post images of celebrities’ faces on other people’s bodies.
To start with, video recordings of a person are broken down into the smallest levels of detail that capture how their mouth and facial features move when they pronounce a sound like “oo” or “ah”. These, along with the 3-D model of the lower face, are then put together and the person can be made to say words he (or she) never did.
Deepfakes use a technology called generative adversarial networks (GAN). This system uses two separate artificial intelligence systems that are trained such that one generates the images and the other attempts to tell if they are fake. The machines continue to teach each other over and over again until one produces a video that the other cannot tell it is fake!
Fake news would easily go out of hand if people believed the fake videos as real and it could have political and social effect. There is a lesson here for each of us to be careful about what we post on the Internet. In the future, you might see a picture or video of yourself and may not be able to tell that it is fake! It all just goes to show that seeing is not always believing.
12. How does the writer develop the third paragraph
A. By defining a concept. B. By introducing an app.
C. By testing a scientific method. D. By providing different examples.
13. What can we infer about GAN from the passage
A. It needs to be trained. B. It can learn all by itself.
C. It produces perfect pictures. D. It is used to identify fake images.
14. What is implied in the last paragraph
A. People can use deepfakes to become famous.
B. The public aren’t easily cheated by deepfakes.
C. All of us may become a victim of deepfakes.
D. Deepfakes make what you have done known to all.
15. What is the best title for the text
A. Mona Lisa：a Talking Picture
B. Fake Videos：Recording of a Person
C AI Program：Creating a Video
D. Deepfakes：Believing or Not
参考答案
内蒙古赤峰市2021-2022学年高二下学期期末考试英语试题
【答案】1. A 2. C 3. A
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇应用文。文章主要介绍了四个游览Hana的旅游项目。
【1题详解】
细节理解题。根据第二段“You will enjoy beautiful beaches, quiet coastline, and towering waterfalls as you drive your way across the Kalepa Bridge, where the highway continues to Kipahulu on the Piilani Highway. This journey through the narrow highway consists of 59 bridges and over 600 turnings taking travelers in and out of rainforests and tropical plants.(当你开车穿过Kalepa桥时，你会享受到美丽的海滩、宁静的海岸线和高耸的瀑布，在这里，高速公路继续沿着Piilani高速公路延伸到基帕鲁。这段穿越狭窄公路的旅程由59座桥和600多个转弯处组成，让游客进出热带雨林和热带植物)”可知，对于喜欢自驾游的人来说，Road to Hana Day Trip是最好的选择。故选A。
【2题详解】
细节理解题。根据第三段中“You’ll also enjoy a beachside lunch before eventually boarding a helicopter for a thrilling 36-minute flight above Haleakala Crater and the island’s rough coast.(你还将享受一顿海滨午餐，然后登上直升机，在哈雷阿卡拉火山口和岛上崎岖的海岸上空进行36分钟的惊险飞行)”可知，Hana Grand Tour提供飞行体验。故选C。
【3题详解】
细节理解题。根据第二段中“You will enjoy beautiful beaches, quiet coastline, and towering waterfalls as you drive your way across the Kalepa Bridge, where the highway continues to Kipahulu on the Piilani Highway.(当你开车穿过Kalepa桥时，你会享受到美丽的海滩、宁静的海岸线和高耸的瀑布，在这里，高速公路继续沿着Piilani高速公路延伸到基帕鲁)”；第三段中“During this 6-hour adventure, you can sit back and relax inside your bus on the way to Hana, stopping at Hana Tropical Gardens and at wonderful waterfalls, where you’ll have time to swim. (在这6个小时的冒险旅程中，您可以在前往哈纳的巴士内坐下来放松，在哈纳热带花园和美妙的瀑布前停下来，在那里您将有时间游泳)”；第四段中“Learn about the Maui’s ecosystems, be impressed at magical waterfalls, climb rock formations, and leap into the fresh water pools below for a refreshing swim. (了解毛伊岛的生态系统，对神奇的瀑布印象深刻，攀爬岩层，跳进下面的淡水池进行清新的游泳)”以及最后一段中“You can visit multiple beautiful waterfalls, with a local tour guide. (在当地导游的带领下，你可以游览多个美丽的瀑布)”。可知，四次旅行中都能看瀑布。故选A。
【答案】4. C 5. D 6. C 7. A
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了CHAMP援助犬组织通过为像Todd Nicely这样的残疾人提供服务犬来帮助他们。
【4题详解】
推理判断题。根据第二段中““I didn’t want to put my guys through anything that I wouldn’t want to do, so a lot of the times I was in the front,” he told the news while remembering the incident that changed his life.(“我不想让我的队员们经历任何我不想做的事情，所以很多时候我都在前线，”他在回忆起那个改变了他一生的事件时说)”可推知，Todd Nicely在军队服役时很体贴他人。故选C。
【5题详解】
细节理解题。根据第三段中“The non-profit’s task focuses on connecting service dogs to people with disabilities who need them.(该非营利组织的任务主要是将服务犬与需要它们的残疾人联系起来)”可知，CHAMP援助犬的目的是在残疾人和服务犬之间建立纽带。故选D。
【6题详解】
词句猜测题。根据画线词后文“in seeing someone become more independent because a dog is there to help them”可知，看到有人因为有狗在那里帮助他们而变得更加独立，CHAMP援助犬的主任感到非常高兴，故画线词意思是“高兴的”。故选C。
【7题详解】
推理判断题。根据最后一段“Nicely hopes that Hugo helps other soldiers by showing them it’s important to seek assistance when you need help. “You are supposed to be this tough man. Now, all of a sudden, you’re asking for help. It’s like, ‘am I weak ’ ‘No’,” Nicely said. “It doesn’t make you weak. It actually makes you stronger to ask for help,” he added.(Nicely希望雨果能帮助其他士兵，告诉他们当你需要帮助的时候寻求帮助是很重要的。“你应该是个坚强的人。现在，突然之间，你开始寻求帮助了。就像，‘我弱吗？’‘并不弱’，”奈斯利说。“这不会让你变得软弱。它实际上会让你更坚强地寻求帮助，”他补充道)”可推知，士兵很少寻求帮助。故选A。
【答案】8. C 9. A 10. B 11. D
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇说明文，介绍碳标签的含义及一项相关研究，研究表明，碳标签可以有效地改变公司和消费者的行为。
【8题详解】
细节理解题。根据第一段“Carbon labels can be effective in changing company as well as consumer behavior, as companies adjust their carbon footprint with the two goals of increased efficiency and improved reputation, according to a newly published research by Climate Change Research Network.”（根据气候变化研究网络最新发布的一项研究，碳标签可以有效地改变公司和消费者的行为，因为公司以提高效率和声誉为目标调整自己的碳足迹。）可知，使用碳标签，公司会调整碳足迹以提高声誉，说明碳标签会影响企业的声誉。故选C项。
【9题详解】
主旨大意题。根据第四段，尤其是前两句“Many carbon labels are similar to nutritional and ingredient (成分) information on grocery items. Carbon labels, however, estimate a product’s carbon emissions (排放) from its creation to its end.”（许多碳标签与食品杂货上的营养成分信息类似，不过碳标签是对产品在整个生命周期内的碳排放量的估量。）可知，第四段介绍了碳标签的含义，即对产品在整个生命周期内的碳排放量的估量。故选A项。
【10题详解】
细节理解题。根据第四段的最后一句“Consumers can learn how many grams or kilograms of carbon they use when purchasing anything from a bag of chips to a new truck.”（从一袋薯片到一辆新卡车，消费者可以了解他们在购买任何东西时使用了多少克或多少千克的碳。）可知，碳标签改变消费者行为体现在，消费者可以通过碳标签了解自己使用了多少碳。故选B项。
【11题详解】
主旨大意题。结合全文，尤其是最后一段“Carbon labels are an important and practical way to reduce carbon emissions. They can lead companies to reduce carbon emissions even if consumer responses to the labels are not strong. As a result, carbon labels should be designed to affect not only retail consumer behavior but also the behavior of company managers.”（碳标签是减少碳排放的一种重要而实用的方法。即使消费者对碳标签的反应不强烈，碳标签也可以引导公司减少碳排放。因此，碳标签的设计不仅要影响零售消费者的行为，还要影响公司经理的行为。）可知，碳标签有利于减少碳排放，从而有利于应对气候变化。所以D项“碳标签有助于应对气候变化”最适合作为本文标题。故选D项。
【答案】12. B 13. A 14. D 15. D
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。研究人员最近创造出了柔软而灵活章鱼机器人，介绍了它的移动原理和目前存在的问题，并说明了将来的改进方向。
【12题详解】
推理判断题。由文章第一段最后一句“The adorable autonomous octobot that stands a mere 2 cm tall has no rigid parts, enabling it to squeeze through the tiniest of spaces, just like octopuses.(这个可爱的自主章鱼机器人只有2厘米高，没有坚硬的部分，使它能够像章鱼一样挤过最微小的空间。)”可知，这个可爱的自主章鱼机器人只有2厘米高，没有坚硬的部分，使它能够像章鱼一样挤过最微小的空间。说明它的灵活性提高了。故选B项。
【13题详解】
主旨大意题。通读文章二段“The octobot, which is mainly made of rubber, is fueled by a mixture of hydrogen peroxide and water. The liquid that is pumped into the robot’s body through a series of 3-D printed chambers reacts with the spots of platinum that are planted within the octobot and forms water and oxygen. The released gas builds up the pressure in the controller and the chambers in the robot’s arms, causing them to move. (章鱼机器人主要由橡胶制成，由过氧化氢和水的混合物提供燃料。通过一系列3d打印的腔体泵入机器人体内的液体与植入机器人体内的铂斑发生反应，形成水和氧气。释放出来的气体在控制器和机器人手臂上的腔室中形成压力，使它们移动。)”可知，第二段主要讲了章鱼机器人的移动原理。故选A项。
【14题详解】
细节理解题。由文章三段“That’s because the liquid battery only provides power for about eight minutes. (这是因为液体电池只能提供大约8分钟的电力。)”可知，液体电池只能提供大约8分钟的电力，它需要一个更强大的电池，因此它只是一个概念。故选D项。
【15题详解】
推理判断题。由文章最后一段“Although soft robotics is still in its beginning stage, it holds great potential for several applications, such as servicing, and inspecting machinery, search-and-rescue operations, and exploration. (虽然软机器人技术仍处于起步阶段，但它在一些应用方面具有很大的潜力，例如服务和检查机械、搜索和救援行动以及探索。)”可知，研究人员认为软机器人的前途十分光明。故选D项。
内蒙古赤峰市2020-2021学年高二下学期期末考试英语试题
【答案】1. D 2. A 3. B
【答案】4. D 5. B 6. A 7. A
【答案】8. A 9. D 10. B 11. C
【答案】12. A 13. B 14. C 15. B
内蒙古赤峰市2019-2020学年高二下学期期末考试英语试题
【答案】1. A 2. B 3. B
【解析】
本文是一篇说明文，文章通过介绍有关经历失败而获得成功的人物故事，四本书的主旨告诉我们：失败乃成功之母。
【1题详解】
推理判断题。从每一段的Ages 6 to 12.来看，年龄都是6到12岁，所以是孩子的年纪。由此判断出四本书是写给孩子的。故选A项。
【2题详解】
细节理解题。根据第三个小标题下面的最后一句“In this book, Reynolds writes about various common men, women and children.”在这本书里，Reynolds写了关于不同的普通男人，女人和孩子的故事。所以《梦幻的失败》这本书讲述的是普通人的故事。故选B项。
【3题详解】
推理判断题。通读全文可知，根据文中“Authors Slader and Thompson focus on life-or-death scenes, such as when the Wright brothers crashed their glider over and over on the sandy coast of North Carolina; it took them two more years to get it right.”莱特兄弟驾驶的滑翔机在一次又一次坠毁在北卡罗来纳州的沙滩上，他们花了2年多的时间才把事情弄清楚。第二个表格中“Our first attempt was a failure. Still, we didn’t give up. We tried again. And again.”我们第一次尝试失败了，我们仍然没有放弃，我们一次又一次尝试。第三个表格“person actually had to face huge challenges to accomplish goals.”为了实现目标，人们实际上不得不面对巨大的挑战。第四部分“Field suffered before he achieved this major breakthrough.”菲尔德在取得这一重大突破之前遭受了很多的罪，可知，文章介绍的四本书的内容都是有关经历失败而获得成功的人物故事。由此判断我们能从中学到，失败乃成功之母，故选B项。
【答案】4. C 5. D 6. D 7. A
【解析】
这是一篇记叙文。作者见证一位毕业生通过手机和奶奶分享毕业经历，从而改变了对手机的看法。
【4题详解】
推理判断题。根据第三段的My nephew was going to receive his bachelor’s degree.可知，我侄子要拿到学士学位了。由此可以推出，作者去这所大学的原因是因为他的侄子要毕业了，也就是去参加亲属的毕业典礼。故选C。
【5题详解】
细节理解题。根据第四段的There were several nonsensical（无意义）conversations going on with the accompanying giggles of the not-quite-mature students, but then one conversation in particular caught my attention.可知，有几次毫无意义的对话，伴随着不太成熟的学生的咯咯笑声，并不能引起我的注意，但有一次谈话特别引起了我的注意。根据倒数第二段可知，这一段是在描述一位女生和她奶奶通过电话分享毕业经历。根据最后一段的And somehow, my initial surprise and annoy at the use of cell phones during such a serious occasion left me. These little representatives of modern technology had joined a young woman and her devoted Gran to share a very special moment in time.可知，我最初对在如此严肃的场合使用手机感到惊讶和恼火的情绪已经不在了。这些现代科技的小代表们加入了一位女生和她挚爱的奶奶去分享一个非常特殊的时刻。由此可以看出，作者的注意力被吸引的原因是一个女生正和她的奶奶分享这个特殊的时刻。故选D。
【6题详解】
推理判断题。根据最后一段的And somehow, my initial surprise and annoy at the use of cell phones during such a serious occasion left me. These little representatives of modern technology had joined a young woman and her devoted Gran to share a very special moment in time.可知，我最初对在如此严肃的场合使用手机感到惊讶和恼火的情绪已经不在了。这些现代科技的小代表们加入了一位女生和她挚爱的奶奶去分享一个非常特殊的时刻。由此可以看出，作者和之前的看法有所不同，不再惊讶，不再恼火，所以对于这位女生和奶奶分享毕业经历是一种感动。故选D。
【7题详解】
推理判断题。根据最后一段的And somehow, my initial surprise and annoy at the use of cell phones during such a serious occasion left me. These little representatives of modern technology had joined a young woman and her devoted Gran to share a very special moment in time.可知，我最初对在如此严肃的场合使用手机感到惊讶和恼火的情绪已经不在了。这些现代科技的小代表们加入了一位女生和她挚爱的奶奶去分享一个非常特殊的时刻，这令作者改变看法，很感动。由此可以推出，作者写这篇文章的目的就是描述生活中令人激动的时刻。故选A。
【答案】8. C 9. D 10. A 11. C
【解析】
本文是说明文。由于存在渔船在非法捕鱼时关掉船上的自动识别系统的现象，带有小探测器的信天翁被用于通过发送船舶位置来提供帮助，判断渔船是否在非法捕鱼。
【8题详解】
主旨大意题。第一段开头介绍了渔船在进行非法捕鱼时，会关掉船上的自动识别系统，使渔船在监管下消失。根据Now, researchers have shown that albatrosses(信天翁)bearing small detectors can find these doubtful ships, even in the middle of the open ocean.可知带有小探测器的信天翁能够在广阔的海洋中找到这些可疑的船只。下文详细介绍了信天翁的工作过程和作用，所以第一段主要是介绍一些海鸟被用来监视非法捕鱼，引出下文内容。故选C。
【9题详解】
细节理解题。根据第二段The method could also help albatrosses themselves, which can be killed when they get caught or accidentally eat fishing hooks.可知这种方法也可以帮助信天翁自己，当它们被抓住或不小心被钩住时，它们可能会被杀死。即这种方法可以帮助信天翁避免被杀死或被钩住致死，故选D。
【10题详解】
推理判断题。根据最后两段中的Those locations were sent to the lab in less than 2 hours. If they did not match the locations of ships with an active AIS, the team knew the ships had switched it off.和Although the albatrosses can detect ships, ……可知如果信天翁探测到渔船，渔船的位置会被很快传到实验室，通过位置对比就能判断渔船是否关闭了船上的自动识别系统，是否在非法捕鱼。所以信天翁是通过发送船舶位置来提供帮助的，故选A。
【11题详解】
推理判断题。文章介绍的是带有小探测器的信天翁被用于通过发送船舶位置来提供帮助，判断渔船是否在非法捕鱼。此类文章不属于教育、政治和健康内容，而应该是出自报纸的科学版块，故选C。
【答案】12. A 13. A 14. C 15. D
【解析】
这是一篇议论文。文章通过描写让蒙娜丽莎说话和一种叫deepfake的技术可以让产生无法分辨视频是假的，从而的得出我们每个人都要小心自己在网上发的内容，有可能会被利用，眼见不一定可信。
【12题详解】
推理判断题。根据第三段的The word “deepfake” is a combination of the words “deep learning” and “fake”. Deep learning refers to the use of machine learning and artificial intelligence to create images of human faces.可知，deepfake一词是“深度学习”和“假”的组合。深度学习是指使用机器学习和人工智能来创建人脸图像。有根据The word was used first in 2017可知，这是在讲此词源头。所以第三段是通过一个定义概念来发展的，从而再解释。故选A。
【13题详解】
推理判断题。根据第五段的This system uses two separate artificial intelligence systems that are trained such that one generates the images and the other attempts to tell if they are fake.可知，这个系统使用两个独立的人工智能系统，经过训练，其中一个生成图像，另一个尝试判断图像是否是假的。由此可以推断出，GAN需要训练。故选A。
【14题详解】
推理判断题。根据最后一段的Fake news would easily go out of hand if people believed the fake videos as real and it could have political and social effect.可知，如果人们相信这些假视频是真的，并且可能产生政治和社会影响，假新闻很容易失控。又因There is a lesson here for each of us to be careful about what we post on the Internet. In the future, you might see a picture or video of yourself and may not be able to tell that it is fake!可知，我们每个人都要小心自己在互联网上发布的内容。将来，你可能会看到自己的一张照片或视频，却可能无法分辨它是假的！由此可以看出，我们要小心在网络上发布的内容，否则可能会被利用，无法分辨真假，从而产生坏的影响。也就是我们都可能成为deepfakes的受害者。故选C。
【15题详解】
主旨大意题。根据最后一段的There is a lesson here for each of us to be careful about what we post on the Internet. In the future, you might see a picture or video of yourself and may not be able to tell that it is fake! It all just goes to show that seeing is not always believing.可知，这里有一个教训，我们每个人都要小心自己在互联网上发布的内容。将来，你可能会看到自己的一张照片或视频，却可能无法分辨它是假的！这一切都表明，眼见不一定可信。所以这也就是deepfakes该不该相信，故选D。