山东省临沂市2019-2022学年高二下学期英语期末试卷汇编：阅读理解（含答案）

山东省临沂市
2019-2022学年高二下学期英语期末试卷汇编
阅读理解
山东省临沂市2021-2022学年高二下学期期末考试试卷英语试卷
第一节（共15小题；每小题2.5分，满分37.5分）
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D 四个选项中选出最佳选项。
A
Five Star Yellowstone Tour
Discover the world’s oldest national park, Yellowstone, on this grand wildlife tour. Our professional guides will give you a 5 star customer service experience on your all inclusive tour without any additional taxes or booking fees.
Starting at approximately 7 am, we will be rolling out the red carpet for you and all you have to do is to sit back and enjoy the ride. We provide snacks, bottled water, and cooked food for lunch. This tour’s main focus is on the wide variety of wildlife, Yellowstone’s rich historic landscapes as well as the fascinating prospect formed by the Yellowstone Supervolcano for over millions of years. Binoculars (双筒望远镜) are provided to help you appreciate the scenery better.
Whether you are an amateur photographer, a science or history enthusiast or just want to explore the outdoors, this tour has something for everyone. Our fun but professional guides will give you a first class tour in a very comfortable tour bus.
Tour snapshot
Duration: 10-12 hours
Taking Covid-19 safety measures: Click here
Hotel pickup offered
Group size: 9
Ticket type: Mobile
Available language: English
Book in advance
Scheduled date: Check availability
Total fees: $300 per adult (age 13-99); 40% discount (age 1-12)
Reserve now & pay later: Learn more
Free cancellation: For a full refund, cancel at least 24 hours in advance of the start date of the experience.
Now you’re all set! Have a great time.
1. Where is this text probably taken from
A. A textbook. B. A website.
C. A scenery magazine. D. A travel report.
2. What can we know about the tour
A. It has both mobile and paper tickets.
B. It is a 9-people group with extra fees.
C. It offers snacks, breakfast, binoculars and hotel pickup.
D. It highlights wildlife, historic sights and volcanic scenery.
3. What should you do for the booking
A. Pay $180 per child for the tour.
B. Pay at once after your reservation.
C. Cancel within 24 hours for a full refund.
D. Consult the guide to check available date.
B
Gutiérrez’s life changed after finding a copy of Anna Karenina in the trash (垃圾) 20 years ago. It happened one night when he saw discarded books while driving his garbage truck through wealthier neighborhoods. It ignited his desire to start rescuing books from the trash. He took home about 50 books every morning after his night shift. Eventually, he turned his book collection into a community library for children from low-income families.
Bogota, Colombia’s capital, has 19 public libraries. However, they are far away from where rural and poorer communities live. The option of buying new books is out of reach for families struggling to make ends meet. Gutiérrez’s community library is a true representation of how one man’s trash can be another’s treasure. “I don’t think I’m doing something so great. The library is simply a bridge between people who throw books and those who have no access to books,” he said about his remarkable efforts.
Today, his library, called “the Strength of Words”, contains over 20,000 books and occupies most of his home. Everything from school textbooks to storybooks can be found in his collection. The library is open every weekend, when neighborhood children pour in. “The whole value of the library lies in helping kids start reading. This is important for kids in Bogota where many young people kill time in the streets and fall victim to vices such as taking drugs,” said Gutiérrez.
Gutiérrez grew up poor, and his family couldn’t afford to educate him beyond primary school. Nevertheless, he never lets a lack of formal education stop him from reading. “Books are the greatest invention of human beings. There’s nothing more beautiful than having a book handy,” Guiérrez said. His journey to giving back to his local community is an amazing example of how every one of us can improve the lives of those around us by identifying needs, investing time and finding a simple solution.
4. What does the underlined word “ignited” mean in the first paragraph
A. Indicated. B. Satisfied. C. Limited. D. Stimulated.
5. Which of the following can best describe Gutérrez
A. Caring and humble. B. Smart and independent.
C. Traditional and self-disciplined. D. Ambitious and easy-going.
6. What do paragraphs 2 and 3 mainly tell us
A. Bogota’s main social problems.
B. The library’s rich variety of books.
C The bad habits of Bogota’s young people.
D. The library’s significance for the neighborhood.
7. What message does Gutiérrez’s story deliver
A. Education is the key to success.
B All things are difficult before they are easy.
C. Small acts of kindness make a big difference.
D. Books are the food for the hungry of great mind.
C
Margot doesn’t have a garbage can. It doesn’t need one because Margot simply doesn’t cause anything to get thrown away. The restaurant doesn’t allow any type of single use plastic. Margot, which opened last year, is one of the small but growing restaurants around the world aiming to avoid not only food leftovers, but also any garbage.
“Food waste has been increasing as an issue for restaurants over the last 10 years,” says Calvin Brown. He runs the Sustainable Restaurant Association. Based in the United Kingdom, the organization helps food business become more environmentally responsible. He says that food waste contributes to releasing the greenhouse gas, so there is strong motivation to reduce waste and help the environment.
In the USA, food waste and packing account for nearly half of the material sent to landfills. Restaurants from McDonald’s to Starbucks are addressing this issue with “no straw Mondays” and limits on single-serving plastic, but a handful of restaurateurs are trying to get rid of rubbish entirely. There’s also economic case to be made for waste reduction. One study shows that restaurants save seven dollars for every dollar invested in anti- waste methods.
Avoiding food waste is the first and perhaps most obvious challenge for sustainable restaurants. Doug McMaster, chef at Silo in London, only serves a set menu. This removes the worry that one particular item won’t sell well, and will spoil in the post (堆肥) is a necessity as well. Nolla (meaning “zero” in Finnish) in Helsinki, Finland is giving compost to its suppliers as well as its diners. Nolla also has food- tracking software more commonly used among corporate food service companies to keep track of what sells and what rots.
Sometimes restaurants call themselves environmentally friendly but they might just be using the label. Calvin offers some pointers on what to look for to make sure a restaurant is truly committed to sustainability.
8. What does Margot feature
A. Its large size. B. Its opening hours.
C. Its zero-waste goal. D. Its plastic garbage cans.
9. What is paragraph 3 mainly about
A. Ways of packaging food.
B. The issue of investing in services.
C. The importance of environmental protection.
D. Efforts of some restaurants to reduce rubbish,
10 Which of the following does Nolla try to do
A. Only serve a set menu.
B. Hardly use refrigerators.
C. Supply compost to its customers.
D. Keep track of diners’ preferences.
11. What does Calvin think restaurants should do
A. Expand food business.
B. Use eco-friendly labels.
C. Save money on dealing with kitchen garbage.
D. Contribute to sustainable development of the food industry.
D
When elderly people stay active, their brains have more of a class of proteins that enhances the connections between neurons (神经元) to maintain healthy cognition (认知), a UC San Francisco study has found.
“Our work is the first that uses human data to show that synapse protein regulation (突触蛋白质调节) is related to physical activity and may drive the beneficial cognitive outcomes we see,” said Kaitlin Casaletto, PhD, an assistant professor of neurology and lead author on the study. The beneficial effects of physical activity on cognition have been shown in mice but have been much harder to demonstrate in people.
The project tracked the late-life physical activity of elderly participants, who also agreed to donate their brains when they died. Maintaining the integrity of these connections between neurons may be vital to fighting against mental disorder, since the synapse is really the site where cognition happens. Physical activity—a readily available tool—may help boost this synaptic functioning.
Casaletto found that elderly people who remained active had higher levels of proteins that facilitate the exchange of information between neurons. This result agreed with the earlier finding that people who had more of these proteins in their brains when they died were better able to maintain their cognition late in life.
“It may be that physical activity generates a global sustaining effect, supporting the healthy function of proteins that facilitate synaptic transmission throughout the brain,” Casaletto said.
The brains of most older adults store poisonous proteins that are the marks of mental illnesses, and the proteins can cause synapses and neurons to fall apart. “In older adults with higher levels of the proteins associated with synaptic integrity, this effect that leads to mental diseases appears to be weakened,” she said. “The study shows the potential importance of maintaining synaptic health to support the brain against mental diseases like Alzheimer’s.”
12. What helps elderly people keep cognitive ability according to the study
A. Proteins produced during physical activity.
B. Body tissues with healthy chemical substances.
C. A certain connection between the brain regions.
D. A type of neuron formed while they’re thinking.
13. What can be inferred from the last paragraph
A. Mental diseases may affect synaptic health.
B. Low levels of proteins help to prevent Alzheimer’s.
C. Synaptic integrity safeguards brains against mental illnesses.
D. The brain can automatically break down the poisonous proteins.
14. What’s the purpose of the text
A. To present a research result. B. To give practical advice.
C. To tell an interesting story. D. To solve an academic problem.
15. What can be the best title of the text
A. Breakthroughs Have Been Made in the Field of Neurons
B. Casaletto Makes Achievements in Studying Human Brains
C. Ways Are Created to Ensure the Physical Health of the Old
D. Exercise Changes Brain Chemistry to Protect Aging Synapses
山东省临沂市2020-2021学年高二下学期期末考试试卷英语试卷
第一节(共15小题;每小题2. 5分，满分37.5分)
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。
A
Basic Coding & Data Science Institute at Georgetown University
This one-week pre-college summer technology program introduces students to such topics as creating a basic web page, data analytics, and the various ways to present data—all tools that can be helpful as citizens in the 21st century. To supplement the class lectures and hands-on activities, students also visit a well-known D. C. -based tech firm.
How Long: One week
Specific Subjects: Computer Programming, Coding, Digital Design
Boeing High School Scholars Program at Embry-Riddle Aeronautical University
We are sure that any tech-minded student would jump at the opportunity to spend part of their summer working with Boeing at Embry-Riddle Aeronautical University, so it shouldn’t be too surprising that the Boeing High School Scholars Program is one of the most selective pre-college summer technology programs around.
How Long: Varies
Specific Subjects: Aerospace Engineering
Clark Scholar Program at Texas Tech
Open to high school juniors and seniors, the program allows students an opportunity for hands-on practical research with leading researchers and members of the Texas Tech faculty(全体教员). This unique opportunity, which also includes weekly seminars and fields trips, pays students a $750 tax-free allowance, and provides room and board.
How Long: Seven weeks
Specific Subjects: Computer Science, Electronic Media, Energy, Engineering, Mathematics and Statistics, and more
Columbia University Summer Immersion
Students can choose from a variety of subject areas in which to spend their three weeks, while also participating in extracurricular activities, and exploring New York City. Students leave the program with evaluation letters from their instructors, as well as a statement of completion from Columbia.
How Long: Three weeks
Specific Subjects: Engineering, Computer Science, Mathematics, and more
1. Where should you go if you want to get some money for living expenses
A. At Texas Tech University.
B. At Columbia University.
C. At Georgetown University.
D. At Embry-Riddle Aeronautical University.
2. What is probably the focus of the first program
A. Aerospace Engineering.
B. How to analyze the data.
C. Engineering, Mathematics and Statistics.
D. How to carry out hands-on practical research.
3. Which program has an uncertain studying time
A. Clark Scholar Program.
B. Boeing High School Scholars Program.
C. Basic Coding & Data Science Institute.
D. Columbia University Summer Immersion.
B
Wendy Bennett was appointed the executive director of AgSafe four years ago. Initially, she was unsure she had the skills and abilities needed to do the job. “There was nothing short of terror,” she said. “I certainly didn't have the educational background for it, although I have a good education.”
Despite seeking the help of a formal mentor (导师)，Wendy still felt she could improve—this is when she decided she wanted to pursue further education. She saw UFred's Executive MBA program run by the Canadian Society of Safety Engineering (CSSE), of which she is a member. Wendy said that along with the coursework, learning from her peers and classmates and using their examples helped make her organization stronger and better. With her EMBA from UFred, Wendy believes she can now perform her job with confidence, and that it' s also benefited the people she works with.
“I really believe that I have an opportunity to help my organization to grow and to be really successful in the future,” she said. Wendy’s classroom experience gave her the confidence to communicate effectively to every level of her organization. She also sees a difference in how she deals with not only staff, but also in how she interacts with board members. She said the ability to be convincing and speak properly with regards to governance and how a board of directors can function excellently is something she previously wasn't as skilled in.
“I can work with my board of directors to do a better job with strategic planning to move our organization into the future,” she said. While Wendy admits the EMBA program is a lot of work, it's satisfying at the end of the day.
“Nothing worth having comes easily. I think anybody who wants to take their career to the next level, they need to have the broad range of the education that this EMBA provides,” she added.
4. How was Wendy when appointed executive director of AgSafe
A. She felt lack of ability.
B. She was full of confidence.
C. She was proud of herself.
D. She felt qualified of the position.
5. Why was her classroom experience mentioned in Paragraph3
A. To explain the importance of organization.
B. To show the influence of communication.
C. To praise the effectiveness of board members.
D. To stress the improvement of her working ability.
6. Wendy's words in the last paragraph serve as .
A. an explanation why some people grew happy
B. аn ехаmрlе fоr оnе’ ехресtаt оn оf thе r jоb
C. a description of personal values and social help
D. an statement of education values in one's career growth
7. What can be the best title for the text
A. Wendy's experience: overcoming difficulties
B. Wendy's new job: the executive director of AgSafe
C. Wendy's story: finding confidence in a new role
D. Wendy's classroom: a place which inspires confidence
C
A new technology allowing children with disabilities to engage in conversations more easily has been launched today. The “How was school today ” software system was developed by the Universities of Dundee and Aberdeen as well as disability charity Capability Scotland.
Rolf Black, from the University of Dundee 's School of Computing, said in a statement. For a child with severe movement disabilities and limited or no speech, holding a conversation is often very difficult and limited to short one-to-two-word answers. To tell a longer story, a communication tool is often needed to form sentences but this can be very time consuming, putting a lot of pressure on holding and controlling the conversation. " This technology simplifies the task. It starts with a sensor attached to a child' s wheelchair which in turn tracks where they have been and what they have done during their day. Swipe cards (磁卡) enable аdult , uсh а саrеr оr tеасhеr , tо lоg whеn thеу hаvе ntеrасtеd w th thе сh ld and a recorder is built in allowing people to add in more details about what the child has done. Once all the information is collected, natural language generation (NLG) is used to create simple sentences to describe the activities a child has taken part in, letting them have a discussion about their day unlike they have previously been able to.
The scheme(方案) was piloted at Corseford School near Glasgow by two of the pupils. Sue Williams, head teacher at the school, said, “In the week we used the system we found it very useful to pupils, teachers, therapists( 治疗师 ) and parents alike. It allows children to take control of the conversation without having to rely on help from us. " The project was funded by the Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council (ЕРSRC).
A statement from the University of Aberdeen said that plans were in place to develop the design of the software further and more pilots will be taking place in the future.
8. What does a new technology allow children with disabilities to do
A. To prepare the conversations well.
B. To get easily involved in conversations.
C. To master the technique of conversations.
D. To realize the importance of conversations.
9. What does Paragraph 3 mainly tell us
A. How the new software functions.
B. What children have done during their day.
C. How teachers have interacted with the child.
D. Why a recorder is built in a child's wheelchair.
10. What can we learn from the passage
A. Sue Williams speaks highly of the system.
B. The scheme was tested by all the pupils at Corseford School.
C. The project was funded by the teachers at Corseford Schools.
D. Children can have a discussion with natural language generation.
11. What will happen to the software according to the last paragraph
A. It will be difficult to handle.
B. It will be further perfected.
C. It will be well received by people.
D. It will reach the market soon.
D
The campaign to protect 30 percent of the world’s oceans by 2030, supported by more than 70 nations, is known mostly for soaring ambition and scant achievement so far. In fact, just 7 percent of the seas are protected and only 2.7 percent are highly protected. “It is very optimistic to think we’ll reach ‘30 by 30’,” says Patricia Majluf, a Peruvian fisheries scientist who has worked to create a deep-sea protected area off Peru in the face of strong resistance from the fishing industry. Peru has protected less than half a percent of its offshore waters.
Setting aside nearly a third of the oceans, the fishers say, is an idea developing nations in South America and elsewhere can ill afford. And the gap between sea-protection and fishing interests has grown wider as fishing stocks decline and the appetite for seafood grows along with the global population.
However, research published today in Nature aims to dramatically change that narrative. The study suggests that protecting 30 percent of the oceans not only could restore biodiversity to ocean habitats, but it could also increase the annual global catch by eight million tons—about 10 percent of the catch today. And, as a bonus, it would provide a “cheap, natural solution” to climate change by reducing the amount of seafloor carbon emitted into the seas by fishing trawlers(拖网渔船).
“The only way to get more food from the ocean is to protect more,” says lead author, Enric Sala, a marine ecologist and explorer-in-residence at the National Geographic Society, which in part underwrote the study. “The catch has been declining since the mid-1990s and this would provide a benefit forever.”
12. What does the underlined word “scant” mean in the first paragraph
A. Crucial. B. Little. C. Remarkable. D. Significant.
13. What do the fishers think of the campaign
A. Supportive. B. Optimistic. C. Indifferent. D. Opposed.
14. What can we infer from Enric Sala’s words
A. We should ban the catch totally.
B. Ocean plays an important part in our life.
C. The decreasing of catch can be good in some ways.
D. The more we protect the ocean, the more food we can get.
15. What is the best title for this text
A. Fishing or Protecting
B. Fishing is harmful to ocean
C. Ocean-protecting is in an urgency
D. Protecting the ocean—never too late
山东省临沂市2019-2020学年高二下学期期末考试试卷英语试卷
第一节（共15小题；每小题2.5分，满分37.5分）
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。
A
A Woman Endures Marilyn Hering www. Paperback | E-book $10.95 | $3.99 The Diary of an Iraqi National Saad H Al Ajeel www. Paperback | E-book $36.00 | $6.00
Following the loss of her baby and marriage, Eleanor decides to move to South Carolina to run an inherited tea plantation. There she will learn to grow tea, and possibly something more: romance. In the almost one hundred years of the life of modern Iraq （from 1921 onwards）, Saad H Al Ajeel describes the different stages that Iraq has passed through.
Hot Horse Harry Jerry Lee Miller www. Paperback | E-book $21.99 | $3.99 Cat Tales : Da Real Pussy Mick E. Jones www. Hardback | Paperback | E-book $15.99 I $12.99 | $3.99
Hot Horse Harry lived up to his name, mad at the world. But when a series of unfortunate events came, the quick-tempered Harry changed. The book is designed for children under 12. Cat Tales: Da Real Pussy reveals that the spirit of a supreme being exist in all things living. The book also supports the concept that cats are creatures of myth and mystery.
1. If you are a history lover, which book suits you best
A. The Diary of an Iraqi National B. Hot Horse Harry
C. Cat Tales: Da Real Pussy D. A Woman Endures
2. If you want to buy a hardback edition, whose book will you choose
A. Marilyn Hering’s B. Saad H Al Ajeel’s
C. Jerry Lee Miller’s D. Mick E. Jones’s
3. To buy a book for your kid aged 6, how much can you save if you choose its E-book
A. $7 B. $12 C. $30 D. $18
B
Children always appreciate small gifts of money. Mum or dad, of course, provides a regular supply of pocket money, but uncles and aunts are always a source of extra income. With some children, small sums go a long way. If fifty pence pieces are not exchanged for sweets, they rattle for months inside the money-box. Only very thrifty children manage to fill up a money-box. For most of them, fifty pence is a small price to pay for a nice big bar of chocolate.
My nephew, George, has a money-box but it is always empty. Very few of the fifty pence pieces and pound coins I have given to him found their way there. I gave him fifty pence yesterday and advised him to save it. Instead, he bought himself fifty pence worth of trouble. On his way to the sweet shop, he dropped his fifty pence and it rolled along the pavement and then disappeared down a drain. George took off his jacket, rolled up his sleeves and pushed his right arm through the drain cover. However, he couldn’t find his fifty pence piece anywhere, and what’s more, he couldn’t get his arm out. A crowd of people gathered round him and a lady rubbed his arm with soap and butter, but George was firmly stuck. The fire-brigade was called and two fire fighters freed George using a special type of grease. George was not too upset by his experience because a gentleman who owns the sweet shop heard about his trouble and rewarded him with a large box of chocolates.
4. For kids, pocket money mainly comes from their .
A. mums or dads B. aunts or uncles
C. money-boxes D. grandmas or grandpas
5. According to Paragraph 1, how do most kids treat their pocket money
A. They save it in the money-box. B. They spend it on things they like.
C. They exchange it for more money. D. They rattle it inside the money-box.
6. Which of the following statements about George is TRUE
A. He bought a large box of candy.
B. He felt sorry for his bad experience.
C. He eventually got his money back from the drain.
D. He hardly saved the pocket money given by the author.
7. After the fire fighters came to George’s rescue, .
A. George greased his arm and was able to get it out of the drain.
B. George got some chocolates at the sweet shop with the fire fighters.
C. George was rewarded by the owner of the sweet shop for his trouble.
D. the lady who had failed to rescue George gave him a box of chocolates.
C
Many European countries have been making the shift to electric vehicles and Germany has just stated that they plan to ban the sale of vehicles using gasoline and diesel as fuel by 2030.
The country is also planning to reduce its carbon footprint by 80-95% by 2050 sparking a shift to green energy in the country. Effectively, the ban will include the registration of new cars in the country as they will not allow any gasoline powered vehicle to be registered after 2030. Part of the reason why this ban is being discussed and carried out is that energy officials see that they will not reach their emissions （排放） goals by 2050 if they do not reduce a large portion of vehicle emissions.
The country is still hopeful that it will meet its emissions goals, like reducing emissions by 40% by 2020, but the acceptance of electric cars in the country has not occurred as fast as expected. Other efforts to increase the use of electric vehicles include plans to build over 1 million hybrid （混合的） and electric car battery charging stations across the country. By 2030, Germany plans on having over 6 million charging stations installed.
According to the International Business Times, electric car sales are expected to increase as Volkswagen is still recovering from its emissions scandal. There are currently around 155,000 registered hybrid and electric vehicles on German roads, dwarfed （使相形见绌） by the 45 million gasoline and diesel cars driving there now.
As countries continue setting goals of reducing emissions, greater steps need to be taken to have a noticeable effect on the surrounding environment. While the efforts are certainly not in vain, the results of such bans will likely only start to be seen by generations down the line, bettering the world for the future.
8. The ban is under discussion and in effect partly because .
A. Germans don’t accept electric cars.
B vehicle emissions won’t be got rid of.
C. vehicle emissions prevent emissions goals being reached.
D. Electric cars may slow down Germany’s economic growth.
9. What will happen after 2030 according to the ban
A. Gasoline powered vehicle can’t be registered.
B. New cars won’t be allowed to be registered.
C. Diesel powered vehicle can't be registered.
D. Gasoline powered vehicle won’t be allowed to drive.
10. The future of electric cars will be .
A impossible B. promising C. impractical D. unpredictable
11. What is the best title of the passage
A. The development of industry B. Germany shifts toward green energy
C. Environmental protection in Germany D. The ban on the driving of gasoline vehicles
D
The more curious we are about a topic, the easier it is to remember not only information about that topic, but also other unrelated information shown at the same time. A study published in 2014 in Neuron shows what happens inside our brains when our curiosity is sparked.
Participants in the study were asked to rate how curious they were to find out the answer to a specific question, such as: “What does the term ‘dinosaur’ actually mean ” They were then placed in a magnetic resonance imaging(MRI) machine that measures brain activity, based on changes in blood flow when the brain is performing certain tasks. They saw the question again followed by the image of a person’s face and were asked to make a specific decision about the person. Finally, they were shown the answer to the question. After the MRI scan, they completed a surprise test on the answers to the questions and also on their ability to recognize the faces shown during the scan.
The research revealed three key findings. Firstly, when curious to learn the answer to a question people are better at learning that information. Most surprising though was that participants had greater recall of the completely irrelevant information—such as the face - shown at the same time. Secondly, when curiosity is stimulated, the research found that there is increased activity in the region of the brain associated with memory. And lastly, there is increased activity in the regions of the brain associated with reward when curiosity is stimulated.
Behavioral neuroscientist Jee Hyun Kim said more could be done to see whether the different levels of curiosity and different motivations from person to person have an impact on memory and learning.
Amy Reichelt, a psychology expert, said both that “stimulating curiosity is really important across all ages, from schools to the workplace and to elderly care and that curiosity is especially helpful to children who struggle at school. ”
12. According to Paragraph 2, how did scientists learn about curiosity and the human brain
A. Showing people a picture of a dinosaur while in an MRI machine.
B. Asking people to remember important events while in an MRI machine.
C. Giving people quizzes and used an MRI machine to score each of the tests.
D. Asking people questions while an MRI machine measured their brain activity.
13 Which word would replace the underlined word “irrelevant” in Paragraph 3
A. important B. unrelated C. detailed D. obvious
14. What’s Amy Reichelt’s attitude towards curiosity in the passage
A. Disapproving. B. Cautious. C. Positive. D. Passive.
15. What does the passage mainly deal with
A. The effect curiosity has on memory and learning.
B. The relationship between curiosity and motivation.
C. Motivation and rewards are more important than curiosity.
D. How rewards stimulate curiosity across all ages in learning.
答案：
山东省临沂市2021-2022学年高二下学期期末考试试卷英语试卷
【答案】1. B 2. D 3. A
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇应用文。文章介绍了五星级黄石之旅的具体细节和注意事项。
【1题详解】
推理判断题。根据Tour snapshot部分中的“Taking Covid-19 safety measures: Click here (采取新冠肺炎安全措施：点击此处)”可知，这篇文章可能来自一个网站。故选B。
【2题详解】
细节理解题。根据文章第二段“This tour’s main focus is on the wide variety of wildlife, Yellowstone’s rich historic landscapes as well as the fascinating prospect formed by the Yellowstone Supervolcano for over millions of years. (本次游览的重点是种类繁多的野生动物、黄石公园丰富的历史景观以及黄石超级火山数百万年来形成的迷人前景)”可知，关于这次旅行我们能知道它突出了野生动物、历史景观和火山景观。故选D。
【3题详解】
细节理解题。根据倒数第四段“Total fees: $300 per adult (age 13-99); 40% discount (age 1-12) (总费用：每位成人300美元（13-99岁）；40%折扣（1-12岁）)”可知，你应该为预订做的事情是为每个孩子支付300×(1-40%)=180美元。故选A。
【答案】4. D 5. A 6. D 7. C
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了Gutiérrez通过从垃圾堆中收集废书的方式建立了一个社区图书馆，帮助农村和贫困社区的孩子们开始阅读，改善了孩子们的生活。
【4题详解】
词句猜测题。根据第一段“It happened one night when he saw discarded books while driving his garbage truck through wealthier neighborhoods. It ignited his desire to start rescuing books from the trash. He took home about 50 books every morning after his night shift.”（一天晚上，当他开着垃圾车经过富裕的社区时，看到了被丢弃的书。这ignited了他从垃圾中拯救书籍的欲望。他每天早上上完夜班后带了大约50本书回家。）可知，被丢弃的书籍使Gutiérrez有了收集这些书的想法，而且他也确实开始从垃圾堆里收集废书带回家，此处ignited his desire指点燃或激发他的欲望。A. indicated 表明；B. satisfied 使满意；C. limited 限制；D. stimulated激发。故选D项。
【5题详解】
推理判断题。根据第二段“Bogota, Colombia’s capital, has 19 public libraries. However, they are far away from where rural and poorer communities live. The option of buying new books is out of reach for families struggling to make ends meet.”（哥伦比亚首都波哥大有19家公共图书馆。然而，他们远离农村和贫困社区。对于那些努力维持生计的家庭来说，购买新书的选择是无法承受的。）可知，Gutérrez考虑到贫困家庭买不起新书，孩子没有书可读，说明Gutérrez对他人的关心。根据第二段““I don’t think I’m doing something so great. The library is simply a bridge between people who throw books and those who have no access to books,” he said about his remarkable efforts.”（“我不认为我在做什么伟大的事情。图书馆只是把扔书的人和没办法接触到书的人联系起来的桥梁，”他这样评价自己非凡的努力。）可知，Gutérrez其实做着伟大的事情，但他自己并不这样认为，说明他是一个谦虚的人。故选A项。
【6题详解】
主旨大意题。根据第二段“Gutiérrez’s community library is a true representation of how one man’s trash can be another’s treasure.”（Gutiérrez的社区图书馆是一个关于“一个人的垃圾可以成为另一个人的财富”的真实例子。）以及第三段“The whole value of the library lies in helping kids start reading.”（图书馆的全部价值在于帮助孩子们开始阅读。）可知，第二段和第三段主要告诉我们图书馆对社区的意义。故选D项。
【7题详解】
推理判断题。文章主要讲述Gutiérrez通过从垃圾堆中收集废书的方式为农村和贫困社区的孩子们建立了一个社区图书馆从而帮助他们开始阅读的故事。根据最后一段“His journey to giving back to his local community is an amazing example of how every one of us can improve the lives of those around us by identifying needs, investing time and finding a simple solution.”（他回馈当地社区的故事是一个惊人的例子，说明我们每个人都可以通过识别需求、投入时间和找到简单的解决方案来改善我们周围人的生活。）可知，作者通过Gutiérrez的故事想传达给我们：小的善举会带来大的不同。故选C项。
【答案】8. C 9. D 10. C 11. D
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了世界各地的餐饮业在减少食物垃圾方面为食品业的可持续发展所做出的努力。
【8题详解】
细节理解题。根据文章第一段“ It doesn’t need one because Margot simply doesn’t cause anything to get thrown away. The restaurant doesn’t allow any type of single use plastic. Margot, which opened last year, is one of the small but growing restaurants around the world aiming to avoid not only food leftovers, but also any garbage.(它不需要垃圾桶，因为Margot根本不会导致任何东西被扔掉。这家餐厅不允许使用任何类型的一次性塑料。去年开业的Margot是世界上小型但不断增长的餐厅之一，不仅旨在避免剩菜，也旨在避免任何垃圾。)可知Margot的特点是它的零浪费的目标。故选C项。
【9题详解】
主旨大意题。根据文章第三段“Restaurants from McDonald’s to Starbucks are addressing this issue with “no straw Mondays” and limits on single-serving plastic, but a handful of restaurateurs are trying to get rid of rubbish entirely. There’s also economic case to be made for waste reduction. One study shows that restaurants save seven dollars for every dollar invested in anti- waste methods.(从麦当劳到星巴克，许多餐馆都在用“星期一没有吸管”和对一次性塑料的限制来解决这个问题，而一些餐馆老板正试图完全清除垃圾。减少浪费也有经济理由。一项研究表明，餐馆在反浪费方法上每投资1美元，就能节省7美元。)”可知文章第三段主要讲的是一些餐馆在减少垃圾方面所做出的努力。故选D项。
【10题详解】
细节理解题。根据文章第四段“Compost (堆肥) is a necessity as well. Nolla (meaning “zero” in Finnish) in Helsinki, Finland is giving compost to its suppliers as well as its diners. Nolla also has food- tracking software more commonly used among corporate food service companies to keep track of what sells and what rots.(堆肥也是一种必需。芬兰赫尔辛基的Nolla(芬兰的意思是“零”)正在为其供应商和食客提供堆肥。)”可知Nolla努力提供堆肥给它的顾客。故选C项。
【11题详解】
推理判断题。根据文章第二段“He says that food waste contributes to releasing the greenhouse gas, so there is strong motivation to reduce waste and help the environment.(他说，食物浪费导致释放温室气体，所以我们有强烈动力来减少浪费和帮助环境。)”以及最后一段“Calvin offers some pointers on what to look for to make sure a restaurant is truly committed to sustainability.(Calvin就如何确保一家餐厅真正致力于可持续发展提供了一些建议。)可知Calvin认为餐厅应该对食品工业的可持续发展作出贡献。故选D项。
【答案】12. A 13. C 14. A 15. D
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章讲述了加州大学旧金山分校的一项研究发现，当老年人保持活跃时，他们的大脑中有更多的蛋白质，这些蛋白质可以增强神经元之间的连接，以保持健康的认知。
【12题详解】
细节理解题。根据文章第一段“When elderly people stay active, their brains have more of a class of proteins that enhances the connections between neurons (神经元) to maintain healthy cognition (认知), a UC San Francisco study has found.(加州大学旧金山分校的一项研究发现，当老年人保持活跃时，他们的大脑中有更多的蛋白质，这些蛋白质可以增强神经元之间的连接，以保持健康的认知。)”可知，研究表明，运动过程中产生的蛋白质有助于老年人保持认知能力。故选A。
【13题详解】
推理判断题。根据文章最后一段“In older adults with higher levels of the proteins associated with synaptic integrity, this effect that leads to mental diseases appears to be weakened(在与突触完整性相关的蛋白质水平较高的老年人中，这种导致精神疾病的影响似乎减弱了)”和“The study shows the potential importance of maintaining synaptic health to support the brain against mental diseases like Alzheimer’s.(这项研究显示了保持突触健康对支持大脑对抗阿尔茨海默氏症等精神疾病的潜在重要性。)”可推知，突触完整性保护大脑免受精神疾病的侵害。故选C。
【14题详解】
推理判断题。根据文章第一段“When elderly people stay active, their brains have more of a class of proteins that enhances the connections between neurons (神经元) to maintain healthy cognition (认知), a UC San Francisco study has found.(加州大学旧金山分校的一项研究发现，当老年人保持活跃时，他们的大脑中有更多的蛋白质，这些蛋白质可以增强神经元之间的连接，以保持健康的认知。)”、文章第四段“Casaletto found that elderly people who remained active had higher levels of proteins that facilitate the exchange of information between neurons.( 卡萨雷托发现，保持活跃的老年人体内蛋白质水平较高，这种蛋白质有助于神经元之间的信息交换。)”和文章最后一段““In older adults with higher levels of the proteins associated with synaptic integrity, this effect that leads to mental diseases appears to be weakened,” she said. “The study shows the potential importance of maintaining synaptic health to support the brain against mental diseases like Alzheimer’s.”(“在与突触完整性相关的蛋白质水平较高的老年人中，这种导致精神疾病的影响似乎减弱了，”她说。“这项研究显示了保持突触健康对支持大脑对抗阿尔茨海默氏症等精神疾病的潜在重要性。”)”可推知，文章的写作目的是为了呈现一个研究结果。故选A。
【15题详解】
主旨大意题。根据文章第一段“When elderly people stay active, their brains have more of a class of proteins that enhances the connections between neurons (神经元) to maintain healthy cognition (认知), a UC San Francisco study has found.(加州大学旧金山分校的一项研究发现，当老年人保持活跃时，他们的大脑中有更多的蛋白质，这些蛋白质可以增强神经元之间的连接，以保持健康的认知。)”可知，文章主要讲述了运动改变大脑化学物质来保护老化的突触。故选D。
山东省临沂市2020-2021学年高二下学期期末考试试卷英语试卷
【答案】1. A 2. B 3. B
【解析】
【分析】这是一篇应用文。文章主要介绍了四个大学的大学前暑期项目：Basic Coding & Data Science Institute at Georgetown University(乔治敦大学基础编码和数据科学研究所)，Boeing High School Scholars Program at Embry-Riddle Aeronautical University(安柏瑞德航空大学波音高中学者项目)，Clark Scholar Program at Texas Tech(德州理工学院克拉克学者项目)和Columbia University Summer Immersion(哥伦比亚大学的夏令营/新生训练营)。
【1题详解】
细节理解题。根据文章“Clark Scholar Program at Texas Tech(德州理工学院克拉克学者项目)”部分内容“This unique opportunity, which also includes weekly seminars and fields trips, pays students a $750 tax-free allowance, and provides room and board.(这个独特的机会还包括每周的研讨会和实地考察，为学生支付750美元的免税津贴，并提供食宿。)”可知，参加德州理工学院克拉克学者项目会得到750美元的免税津贴，因此想要一些生活费的话，可以参加该项目。故选A项。
【2题详解】
细节理解题。根据文章“Basic Coding & Data Science Institute at Georgetown Universityy(乔治敦大学基础编码和数据科学研究所)”部分内容“This one-week pre-college summer technology program introduces students to such topics as creating a basic web page, data analytics, and the various ways to present data—all tools that can be helpful as citizens in the 21st century.(这个为期一周的大学前暑期技术项目向学生介绍了诸如创建基本网页、数据分析和呈现数据的各种方式等主题，这些工具对于21世纪的公民都是很有帮助的。)”可知，该项目是围绕“创建网页，数据分析和数据呈现”为中心的。故选B项。
【3题详解】
细节理解题。根据文章“Boeing High School Scholars Program at Embry-Riddle Aeronautical University(安柏瑞德航空大学波音高中学者项目)”部分内容提到的时间“How Long: Varies(多长时间：根据情况变化)”可知，安柏瑞德航空大学波音高中学者项目的时间安排上是变化的，即，并不固定。故选B项。
【答案】4. A 5. D 6. D 7. C
【解析】
【分析】这是一篇记叙文。文章介绍了一位职场女性Wendy一路走来的成长。从初被任命为执行董事时的担忧、缺乏自信，到后来在不断地学习中找到自信。
【4题详解】
细节理解题。根据第一段中“Initially, she was unsure she had the skills and abilities needed to do the job.”（起初，她不确定自己是否具备做这项工作所需的技能和能力。）可知，当Wendy被任命为执行董事时，最初她觉得她是缺乏能力的，故选A。
【5题详解】
推理判断题。根据第三段中“Wendy’s classroom experience gave her the confidence to communicate effectively to every level of her organization.”（Wendy的课堂经验让她有信心与组织的各个层面进行有效沟通。）可知，上完课后，Wendy的沟通能力加强，提及课堂经验是为了表明她从中提高了工作能力，故选D。
【6题详解】
推理判断题。根据最后一段“I think anybody who wants to take their career to the next level, they need to have the broad range of the education that this EMBA provides”（我认为，任何想在职业生涯上更进一步的人，都需要接受EMBA提供的广泛的教育）可知，这是在陈述教育价值在个人职业成长中的重要性，故选D。
【7题详解】
主旨大意题。通读全文可知，本文介绍了一位职场女性Wendy一路走来的成长。从初被任命为执行董事时的担忧缺乏自信，到后来在不断地学习中找到自信，由此判断本文的最佳标题为：温蒂的故事：在新角色中找到自信。故选C。
【答案】8. B 9. A 10. A 11. B
【解析】
【分析】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了一项可以帮助让残疾儿童更容易参与对话的新技术，介绍它的功能和前景。
【8题详解】
细节理解题。根据第一段“A new technology allowing children with disabilities to engage in conversations more easily has been launched today.（一项让残疾儿童更容易参与对话的新技术今天推出。）”可知，一项新技术能让残疾儿童易于参与对话。故选B。
【9题详解】
主旨大意题。根据第三段“Once all the information is collected, natural language generation (NLG) is used to create simple sentences to describe the activities a child has taken part in, letting them have a discussion about their day unlike they have previously been able to.（所有的信息都被收集起来，自然语言生成(NLG)被用来创造简单的句子来描述孩子参与的活动，让他们讨论他们的一天，而不是他们以前能够讨论的。）可知，第三段主要告诉我们新软件的功能。故选A。
【10题详解】
细节理解题。根据倒数第二段“Sue Williams, head teacher at the school, said, “In the week we used the system we found it very useful to pupils, teachers, therapists( 治疗师 ) and parents alike. It allows children to take control of the conversation without having to rely on help from us. "（学校的校长Sue Williams说：“在我们使用这个系统的那一周，我们发现它对学生、老师、治疗师和家长都非常有用。它让孩子们不用依靠我们的帮助就能掌控谈话。”）可知，苏·威廉姆斯对这种制度评价很高。故选A。
【11题详解】
推理判断题。根据最后一段“A statement from the University of Aberdeen said that plans were in place to develop the design of the software further and more pilots will be taking place in the future.（阿伯丁大学(University of Aberdeen)在一份声明中表示，已经制定了进一步开发软件设计的计划，未来还将进行更多试点。）可推断，软件将进一步完善。故选B。
【答案】12. B 13. D 14. C 15. A
【解析】
【分析】这是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了“30 by 30”保护世界30%的海洋的运动收获甚微以及面临的问题，尽管渔民们的利益会受损，但是该运动的确会带来很多益处。
【12题详解】
词义猜测题。分析语境可知，后文“In fact, just 7 percent of the seas are protected and only 2.7 percent are highly protected.(事实上，只有7%的海洋受到了保护，只有2.7%受到了高度保护。)”是对“scant achievement”的进一步解释，结合前文提及的目标“The campaign to protect 30 percent of the world’s oceans by 2030(这项运动旨在到2030年保护世界30%的海洋)”可知，与设定的目标相比，达成的目标“成就微小”。因此，“scant”应是“很少”的含义。故选B项。
【13题详解】
推理判断题。根据文章第二段内容“Setting aside nearly a third of the oceans, the fishers say, is an idea developing nations in South America and elsewhere can ill afford.(渔民们说，留出近三分之一的海洋是南美和其他地区的发展中国家难以承受的。)”可知，渔民们认为留出近三分之一的海洋就意味着失去近三分之一的非捕渔区，这是难以承受的，由此可推知，他们对此的态度应是反对的。故选D项。
【14题详解】
推理判断题。根据文章末尾内容的话“The catch has been declining since the mid-1990s and this would provide a benefit forever.(自上世纪90年代中期以来，渔获量一直在下降，这将带来永久性的好处。)”可知，在她看来，减少捕鱼活动可以保护海洋，带来永久性的好处。由此可推知，在某些方面，捕获量的减少可能是好事。故选C项。
【15题详解】
主旨大意题。文章首段内容“The campaign to protect 30 percent of the world’s oceans by 2030, supported by more than 70 nations, is known mostly for soaring ambition and scant achievement so far.(这项到2030年保护世界30%海洋的运动得到了70多个国家的支持，迄今为止，这项运动主要以雄心勃勃而收效甚微而闻名。)”提出文章的核心话题：保护世界30%海洋的运动，并以此为核心讲述了渔民们的反对和专家的支持。因此，选项A“Fishing or Protecting(捕鱼或保护)”合理地概括了文章的主旨。故选A项。
山东省临沂市2019-2020学年高二下学期期末考试试卷英语试卷
【答案】1. A 2. D 3. D
【解析】
【分析】本文是一篇应用文。主要介绍了四本书的作者、故事和价格等。
【1题详解】
细节理解题。本题题干意为：如果你喜欢历史，那本书最佳的适合你？根据文章第二本书The Diary of an Iraqi National，In the almost one hundred years of the life of modem Iraq（from 1921 onwards）,Saad H Al Ajeel describes the different stages that Iraq has passed through. 在近一百年的现代伊拉克生活(自1921年起)中，Saad H Al Ajeel描述了伊拉克所经历的不同阶段，可知此本书讲解的主要是历史。故答案为A。
【2题详解】
细节理解题。句意：如果你想买精装版，你会选谁的书 根据文章对四本书的描述当中的Hardback，只有Cat Tales Da Real Pussy是精装书。故答案为D。
【3题详解】
推理判断题。本题题干意为：为6岁的孩子买一本书，如果选择电子书，能省多少钱 根据文章Hot Horse Harry对这本书的描述中The book is designed for children under 12.（这本书是为12岁以下的儿童所设计的。）电子书的价格是$3.99，平装书的价格是$21.99。买电子书可节省$18。故答案为D。
【答案】4. A 5. B 6. D 7. C
【解析】
【分析】这是一篇记叙文。孩子们总是喜欢得到一些小礼物，父母也经常会给孩子零花钱，作者昨天给了外甥George50便士让他存起来，结果George在去糖果店的路上，去捡掉进排水沟的钱不幸把手臂卡住了，多亏了两名消防员才得以脱险。糖果店的一位老板娘听说了George遇到的麻烦后，给了他一大盒巧克力。
【4题详解】
细节理解题。根据第一段中“Mum or dad, of course, provides a regular supply of pocket money, but uncles and aunts are always a source of extra income.”可知当然，爸爸妈妈经常给孩子零花钱，但是，叔舅婶姨也是孩子额外收入的来源。由此可知，对于孩子们来说，零花钱主要来自他们的爸爸妈妈。故选A。
【5题详解】
推理判断题。根据第一段中“With some children, small sums go a long way. If fifty pence pieces are not exchanged for sweets, they rattle for months inside the money-box. Only very thrifty children manage to fill up a money-box. For most of them, fifty pence is a small price to pay for a nice big bar of chocolate.”可知对一些孩子来说，小钱是很重要的。如果50便士的硬币没有换成糖果，它们就会在钱箱里摇晃几个月。只有非常节俭的孩子才能把钱箱装满。对他们中的大多数人来说，50便士对于买一大块巧克力来说是个小数目。由此可推知，大多数孩子把他们的零花钱花在他们喜欢的东西上。故选B。
【6题详解】
细节理解题。根据第二段中“My nephew, George, has a money-box but it is always empty. Very few of the fifty pence pieces and pound coins I have given to him found their way there.”可知我的外甥乔治有一个储蓄罐，但总是空的。我给了他一些50便士和1英镑的硬币，但没几个存起来的。由此可知，关于George的说法中，D选项“他几乎没有把作者给的零用钱存起来”正确。故选D。
【7题详解】
细节理解题。根据第二段中“The fire-brigade was called and two fire fighters freed George using a special type of grease. George was not too upset by his experience because a gentleman who owns the sweet shop heard about his trouble and rewarded him with a large box of chocolates.”可知有人打电话叫来消防队，两名消防队员使用了一种特殊的润滑剂才使George得以解脱。不过，此事并没有使George太伤心，因为糖果店的一位老板娘听说了他遇到的麻烦后，赏给他一大盒巧克力。由此可知，在消防队员前来救援George之后，糖果店老板奖励了George一大盒巧克力。故选C。
【答案】8. C 9. A 10. B 11. B
【解析】
【分析】本文是一篇说明文。许多欧洲国家已经开始转向电动汽车，德国计划到2030年禁止销售使用以汽油和柴油作为燃料的汽车。减排目标的制定和实施需要采取更大的强有力的措施。虽然这些努力肯定不会白费，但这种禁令的结果很可能只会在以后几代人中开始看到，从而改善未来的世界。
【8题详解】
细节理解题。本题题干意为：这一禁令正在讨论中，并且正在生效，部分原因是什么？根据文章第二段“Part of the reason why this ban is being discussed and carried out is that energy officials see that they will not reach their emissions（排放）goals by 2050 if they do not reduce a large portion of vehicle emissions.”这项禁令被讨论和实施的部分原因是，能源官员看到，如果他们不减少很大一部分的汽车排放，他们将无法在2050年达到他们的排放目标。可知，很大的一部分的原因是他们将不会达到他们的排放目标。故C项：vehicle emissions prevent emissions goals being reached.汽车排放阻碍了排放目标的实现。符合题意。故答案为C。
【9题详解】
细节理解题。本题题干意为：根据这项禁令，2030年后会发生什么 根据文章第二段”Effectively, the ban will include the registration of new cars in the country as they will not allow any gasoline powered vehicle to be registered after 2030.”（实际上，这项禁令将包括在这个国家的新车登记，因为2030年后将不允许任何以汽油为动力的车辆登记。可知，汽油动力车在2030年后不能登记。）故答案为A。
【10题详解】
推理判断题。本题题干意为：电动汽车的未来将是。根据文章最后一段While the efforts are certainly not in vain, the results of such bans will likely only start to be seen by generations down the line, bettering the world for the future.虽然这些努力肯定不会白费，但这种禁令的结果很可能只会在以后几代人中开始看到，从而改善未来的世界。可知电动汽车的未来是很有希望的。故答案为B。
【11题详解】
主旨大意题。本题题干意为：这篇文章最好的标题是什么 第一段提出话题（德国计划在2030年前禁止销售使用汽油和柴油作为燃料的车辆。）并且文章主要围绕这一话题展开，说明了德国转向绿色能源并制定和实施相应的减排目标，可知B项：Germany shifts toward green energy德国转向绿色能源。符合题意。故答案为B。
【答案】12. D 13. B 14. C 15. A
【解析】
【分析】这是一篇说明文。一项研究表明我们对一个话题越好奇，就越容易记住这个话题的信息，同时也更容易记住其他不相关的信息。文章介绍了这项研究开展的过程、这项揭示的三个关键发现以及人们对这项研究的一些看法。
【12题详解】
细节理解题。根据第二段“Participants in the study were asked to rate how curious they were to find out the answer to a specific question, such as: “What does the term ‘dinosaur’ actually mean ” They were then placed in a magnetic resonance imaging(MRI) machine that measures brain activity, based on changes in blood flow when the brain is performing certain tasks. They saw the question again followed by the image of a person’s face and were asked to make a specific decision about the person. Finally, they were shown the answer to the question. After the MRI scan, they completed a surprise test on the answers to the questions and also on their ability to recognize the faces shown during the scan.(参与研究的人被要求评价他们对某个特定问题的答案的好奇程度，比如：“‘恐龙’这个词到底是什么意思 ”然后，他们被置于一台磁共振成象机中，该机器可以根据大脑执行特定任务时血液流动的变化来测量大脑活动。他们再次看到了这个问题，接着是一个人的脸的图像，并被要求对这个人做出一个具体的决定。最后，他们看到了问题的答案。在核磁共振扫描后，他们完成了对问题答案的突击测试，也完成了对扫描过程中显示的面孔的识别能力)”由此可知，科学家通过询问人们问题，同时用核磁共振仪测量他们的大脑活动，以此来了解好奇心和人脑的。故选D。
【13题详解】
词义猜测题。根据划线词上文“Firstly, when curious to learn the answer to a question people are better at learning that information.(首先，当人们对一个问题的答案感到好奇时，他们更善于了解这个信息)”以及“Most surprising though was that participants had greater recall of the completely”和划线词后文“such as the face - shown at the same time”由此可知，实验结果表明，参与者对一个问题好奇时，会更善于了解这个信心，而对完全不相关的信息——比如脸——也能更好地回忆。故划线词意思为“无关的”。A. important重要的；B. unrelated无关的；C. detailed详细的；D. obvious明显的。故选B。
【14题详解】
推理判断题。根据最后一段“Amy Reichelt, a psychology expert, said both that ‘stimulating curiosity is really important across all ages, from schools to the workplace and to elderly care and that curiosity is especially helpful to children who struggle at school.’”(心理学专家Amy Reichelt说，“激发好奇心对各个年龄段的人都非常重要，从学校到工作场所，再到老人看护，而好奇心对在学校里挣扎的孩子尤其有帮助。”)由此可推知，Amy Reichelt对好奇心的态度是积极的。故选C。
【15题详解】
主旨大意题。根据第一段“The more curious we are about a topic, the easier it is to remember not only information about that topic, but also other unrelated information shown at the same time. A study published in 2014 in Neuron shows what happens inside our brains when our curiosity is sparked.”可知我们对一个话题越好奇，就越容易记住这个话题的信息，同时也更容易记住其他不相关的信息。2014年发表在《神经元》杂志上的一项研究显示，当我们的好奇心被激发时，我们的大脑会发生什么。结合文章还介绍了这项研究开展的过程、这项揭示的三个关键发现以及人们对这项研究的一些看法。由此可知，这篇文章主要讲了好奇心对记忆和学习的影响。故选A。