牛津深圳版八年级上册Module 2 Science and technology Unit 4知识讲解与练习(含答案)

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名称 牛津深圳版八年级上册Module 2 Science and technology Unit 4知识讲解与练习(含答案)
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更新时间 2022-11-29 19:00:43

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Unit 4 Inventions
词句精讲精练
词汇精讲
1. create
create作动词,意为“创造,创作,创建”。
God creates human beings. 上帝创造了人类。
An artist should create beautiful things. 一个艺术家应该创造美丽的东西。
It is people who create history. 是人民创造了历史。
【拓展】
creative作形容词,意为“有创造性的,有创意的”。
Yoga releases the creative potential in life. 瑜伽释放出生命中创造的潜力。
Pay close attention to your own creative ideas. 时刻关注自己创造性的想法。
2. telephone
telephone是可数名词,意为“电话,电话机”,其缩写形式为phone。例如:
I don’t have a telephone. 我没有电话。
Tony often talks with me on the telephone. Tony经常和我电话交谈。
【拓展】
(1) telephone还可用作动词,意为“打电话”。例如:
I telephone my grandma every week. 我每周都给我奶奶打电话。
(2) 给某人打电话的表达:
1) telephone/phone sb. 例如:
I often telephone/phone my parents on weekends. 周末我经常给父母打电话。
2) call sb. (up) 例如:
Please call me (up) this evening. 请今晚给我打电话。
3) give sb. a call 例如:
Please give me a call when you get home. 请你到家后,给我打个电话。
4) make a telephone call to sb. 例如:
My best friend often makes a telephone call to me. 我最好的朋友经常给我打电话。
3. comfortable
comfortable是形容词,意为“舒适的,安逸的”。其名词和动词形式为comfort,意为“使舒适,安慰”,其副词形式为comfortably“舒适地;安逸地”,反义词为uncomfortable“不舒适的,不安逸的”。变比较级和最高级时要分别在前面加more和most。例如:
I don’t feel comfortable in the same room with her. 和她在一个房间里我感觉不舒服。
I feel more comfortable in this hotel. 我感觉在这家旅店更舒服。
4. century
century是可数名词,意为“世纪,百年”,它指不具体的时间,只指时间段。例如:
He was born in the 20th century. 他出生于20世纪。
Two centuries later, people still remembered him. 两个世纪过后,人们仍然记得他。
【拓展】
(1) twentieth-century意为“20世纪的”,是一个“序数词 + 名词”构成的合成形容词,作定语。例如:
It was a twentieth-century invention. 它是20世纪的发明。
(2) “在第几世纪”必须用序数词,而且应在序数词前加定冠词the。例如:
in the 21st century 在21世纪
5. invent
(1) invent 作动词,意为“发明;创造”。
Edison invented the light bulb. 爱迪生发明了电灯。
(2) invent还可以表示“虚构”。
The whole story was invented. 整个故事是虚构的。
(3) invent的名词形式有两个,一个是inventor(发明者;发明家),另一个是invention(发明物)。
Edison is a great inventor in history. 爱迪生是历史上伟大的发明家。
Human history is also a history of great inventions. 人类的历史也是一个伟大发明的历史。
【拓展】
invent和discover辨析:
(1) invent 意为“发明,发明之物”指“从无到有”。
Alexander Graham Bell invented the telephone in 1876.
亚历山大·格雷厄姆·贝尔在1876年发明了电话。
(2) discover 意为“发现”,指“本来就已经存在,但不为人知”的事物。
Columbus discovered America in 1492. 哥伦布在1492年发现了美洲。
6. over
over在课文中是介词,意为“翻越,越过”。例如:
He jumped over the wall. 他跳过了墙。
【拓展】
over的其他用法:
over 词性 含义 实例
adv. 结束;完结 When we arrived, the meeting was over. 我们到达时,会议已经结束了。
prep. 在……上方(但不接触) The sky was a clear blue over our heads. 我们头顶上是蔚蓝的天空。
遍及(各处或大部分) Snow fell (all) over the country last year. 去年全国各地都下了雪。
横越;从……一边到另一边 There is a bridge over the river. 河上面有一座桥。
通过(某物)传送 We heard it over the radio. 我们通过无线电广播听说了这件事。
7. make loud noises
make noises 意为“发出噪音,弄出声音”,也可写作make a noise. 例如:
Don’t make noises. Your father is sleeping. 不要弄出声音,你爸爸正在睡觉。
【拓展】sound、voice和noise的辨析:
(1) sound可以指人或动物发出的声音,或物体碰撞的声音。这个词的使用范围很大。可以说,大自然的任何“声音”都可以用sound。例如:
  Light travels much faster than sound.光的传播速度比声音快得多。
(2) noise意为“噪音”、“喧闹声”,常指不悦耳、不和谐的嘈杂声。例如:
   Don’t make any noise! 别吵闹!
   The noise woke me up.噪音吵醒了我!
(3) voice一般指人的声音,说话、唱歌、谈笑都可用voice。sound和noise不仅能指人的声音,还可以表示别的动物发出的声音,而voice除了有时可指鸟的声音外,很少表示其它动物的声音。例如:
  The girl has a beautiful voice.那女孩嗓音很美。
  They are talking in low voices.他们正小声交谈。
  When the teacher came into the classroom,our monitor spoke in a loud voice,“Stand up!”
  老师走进教室时,班长大声喊:“起立!”
8. special
special 是形容词,意为“特别的”,用在名词前或不定代词后作定语。其副词形式是specially,表示“特别地”。例如:
That is a special day. 那是一个特别的日子。
Is there anything special in the newspaper?
报纸上有什么特殊的消息吗?
He made a birthday cake specially for me.
他特意为我做了一个生日蛋糕。
【拓展】
(1) special 作形容词,意为“特殊的,特别的,专门的(反义词:ordinary)”,强调事物特有的性质、性格或专门的目的、用途。 例如:
You must have special permission to enter this room.
你必须得到特许才能进这个房间。
(2) especial 作形容词,意为“特别的,主要的,突出的(反义词:common)”,强调的是重要性,有“尤其、特别”之意。 例如:
He solved the problem of especial importance.
他解决了非常重要的问题。
9.the Blacks
the Blacks意为“布莱克夫妇,布莱克一家”,“定冠词the + 姓氏的复数”表示“某某一家或某某夫妇”,作主语时,谓语动词用复数形式。例如:
The Smiths like red cars. 史密斯一家/史密斯夫妇喜欢红色汽车。
The Kings are teachers. 金夫妇是教师。
词汇精练
I. 根据句意及首字母或汉语提示补全单词。
1. He saw an a__________ in the magazine.
2. That’s the f__________ joke I’ve ever heard.
3. Cars have four w__________; birds have two wings.
4. Thomas Edison i__________ the light bulbs.
5. A c__________ is a hundred years.
6. In those days, people used c__________ to see at night.
7. There are ten people on the bus. Nine are p__________, only one driver.
8. Learning how to cook is not only a p__________ skill but a way of building a bridge to other people.
9. This made it easier to carry heavy things and to travel a long d__________.
10. I have known him s__________ my childhood.
III. 用所给单词的适当形式填空。
1. The teacher didn’t allow Edison __________(go) to school when he was young.
2. The Blacks __________(want) to buy a new car this year.
3. How many __________(invent) do you know
4. Mary often takes a walk instead of __________(run) every morning.
5. I’m even __________(bad) now. I don’t think the medicine is good for me.
6. John’s parents have four children. And John is the __________(young) one.
句式精讲
1. What do you think is the most important invention in the world
do you think一般作插入语,其位置较为灵活,可以放在句首、句中或句尾,在句尾时,常用逗号隔开,在句首时,要用陈述句语序。能用这种句型的插入语常见“do you think, do you believe, do you suppose及 do you imagine 等。
注意:特殊疑问词一定要与插入语后面的句子语意连贯,语法正确。例如:
What do you suppose made her look so upset
你猜想什么使她看起来如此心烦?
Where do you think he has gone 你认为他去了什么地方?
What do you imagine happened to Jim for the last week 你想象吉姆上周发生了什么事?
When do you think he will come = Do you think when he will come = When he will come, do you think 你认为他什么时候回来?
2. They allow people to keep in touch with…
allow是动词,意为“允许,准许”,常用于allow sb. to do sth.允许某人做某事;allow doing sth.“允许做……”。例如:
My parents don’t allow me to smoke. 我的父母不允许我抽烟。
We don’t allow eating in the classrooms. (我们)不允许在教室吃饭。
Her boss doesn’t allow her to use the telephone. 她的老板不允许她使用电话。
3. keep the dust off your shoes
keep…off意为“使……不接近(或不接触、远离)……”。 例如:
Keep off the grass. 勿踏草坪。
Keep the ship off the shore.不要让船靠岸。
She wears sunglasses to keep the sun off. 她带上太阳镜遮住阳光。
【拓展】
keep 构成的常见短语有:
keep…away from… 使……远离……
keep…from doing sth 阻止做某事
keep doing sth 一直做某事
keep up with 跟上
keep +宾语+形容词 保持……处于某种状态
4. The Kongming Lantern led to the invention of the hot air…
lead to意为“导致,引起,通向”,to为介词,后跟名词或代词;lead 的过去式为led。例如:
All roads lead to Rome. 条条大道通罗马。
Eating too much junk food can lead to some health problems. 吃太多的垃圾食品会引起一些健康问题。
【拓展】
(1) lead sb. to do sth. 意为“带领某人做某事”。例如:
He led us to finish the work. 他带领我们完成了工作。
(2) lead a…life意为“过……生活”。例如:
Every day I lead a busy life. 每天我都过着忙忙碌碌的生活。
5. With light bulbs, people can do as many things in the evenings as they can in the daytime.
as + many + 复数名词 + as one can意为“和……一样多……”。例如:
You can borrow as many books as you can. 你可以尽可能多地借些书。
I always read as many newspapers as I can. 我总是尽可能多地读些报纸。
You must drink as much water as you can. 你必须尽可能多喝水。
句式精练
I. 根据汉语提示,完成英语句子(每空一词)。
1. 这本书很那本书一样有趣。
This book is __________ __________ __________ that one.
2. 今天比昨天冷得多。
It is __________ __________ today than yesterday.
3. 在那座小山上有数百万棵树。
There are __________ __________ trees on that hill.
4. 我们应当互相理解。
We should understand __________ __________.
5. 他们怎么保持联系?
How do they __________ __________ __________
6. 别让孩子们靠近,这儿危险!
__________ the children __________. It’s dangerous here!
7. 我和儿子同时起床。
My son and I __________ __________ __________ __________ __________ __________.
8. 在警察的帮助下,我们找到了丢失的孩子。
__________ __________ __________ __________ the policemen, we found our lost child.
9. 从那时起, 俄国的汽车销售额几乎减少了一半。
__________ __________, Russian car sales have nearly halved.
10. 白天的气温将保持在零度以上。
The temperature will stay above zero __________ __________ __________.
词汇精练-参考答案
I. 根据句意及首字母或汉语提示补全单词。
1. advertisement 2. funniest 3. wheels 4. invented 5. century 6. candles 7. passengers
8. practical 9. distance 10. since
II. 用所给单词的适当形式填空。
1. to go 2. want 3. inventions/inventors 4. running 5. worse 6. youngest
句式精练-参考答案
I. 根据汉语提示,完成英语句子(每空一词)。
1. as interesting as 2. much colder 3. millions of 4. each other 5. keep in touch
6. Keep; off 7. get up at the same time 8. With the help of 9. Since then 10. in the daytime
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