2023届高考英语语法：代词和连词课件（41张PPT）

(共41张PPT)
高中英语语法
代词和连词
一点点心动老师
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代词基础
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一 人称代词
第一 人称 第二 人称 第三人称 复数
主格 I you　 he she, it, we you they
宾格 me you him,　 her, it us you them
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二 物主代词
我的 你的 他的， 她的， 它的 我们的 你们的 他们的
形容词性物主代词 my your his,her,its our your their
名词性物主代词 mine yours his,hers, its ours yours theirs
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三 反身代词
单数 myself yourself himself herself itself
复数 ourselves yourselves themselves
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四 指示代词
this ,these 指下面要讲的事物。
that ，those 指上面讲过的事物。
it
such
tha same
经常与such 连用的结构：
such as 例如
such...as as后接名词或代词，引出定语从句
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such...as to ..这样...以至于（后接不定式）
such...that 这样...以致
the same ...as 和...一样
the same ...that 正是
This is the same knife that I lost.
all the same 仍然，还是
just the same 同样地，照样
I don't care what they say .I shall go on just
the same.
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五 疑问代词
疑问代词who ,whom, whose, what ,which
用来引导特殊疑问句
六 连接代词
连接代词 who ,whom, whose,what ,which 用来构成名词性从句
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七 关系代词
关系代词who,whom,whose ,that ,which 用来引出定语从句
八 相互代词
each other ,one another 相互，彼此
We are all eager to learn from each other.
We corrected each other's mistakes.
Each often tells the other interesting stories.
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九 不定代词
不定代词有：some ,someone,somebody ,something ,any,
anyone, anybody ,anything ,
no, none ,nobody, nothing, every ,everyone, everybody, everything,
all ,both ,either, neither ,none, each ,others,other,
another ,much , many, few, a few ,
little , a little
one.
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some 一些，某一个，大约
some 一般用于肯定句，但表示请求，建议，反问时，也可以用于于疑问句。
any 一些，任何，
none 没有一个人或东西
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somebody
someone 某人
anybody 、anyone ：任何人
everybody 、everyone：每人
nobody 、no one ：没人
Something某物某事 anything任何事物 everything一切 nothing没东西
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each 和every二者都是“每个”的意思，each 强调 “单个”，every 强调“全体”
each 起形容词和名词的作用，every 只起形容词的作用。
因此every只用作定语，而each 作主语、宾语、同位语和定语。
each 还可以作副词，作“每个”解。
"Two dollars each " he asked .
(作状语）
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one 和 that 代替前面刚提到过的物，
one 还能代替人。One，泛指，只代替可数名词。
that 表示“特指”，能代替可数名词和不可数名词。代替可数名词时，that =the one .
that 复数是those ; One 的复数是ones .
I have a good friend ,one in the army.
Look at the picture ,that (the one ) on the wall .
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both ,either ,neither 这三个词都指“两者”，“两物”。both 的意思是肯定的，“两个都..."
either 和neither 指两个中的任何一个，nerther 是either 的否定形式。
many 的反义词是few,专修饰可数名词
much 的反义词是little ,修饰不可数名词
many 和much 作定语时，多用于否定句、疑问句和条件句中。在肯定句中，多用a lot of ,
lots of , plenty of ,a large quantity of 等代替
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many 和much 可在肯定句开头用作主语或修饰主语：
Many of us were too tired to go further .
Many hands make light work.人多好干活。
Much money has been wasted this way .
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all 和both 都代表或修饰可数名词，both 指两个人或事物；all 指两个以上的人或物。
All goes well .一切都进展顺利。
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连词
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连词是虚词，不能单独充当句子成分，只能起连接词与词，短语与短语，句子与句子的作用。
连词的种类
1 并列连词：用来连接平行的词，短语或句子的词。
并列关系：and , nor, besides ,as well as
选择关系： or（或，否则） , either ...or , otherwise （否则）
因果关系：for ,so ,therefore ,
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转折关系：but, still , yet（然而）, however, never the less (然而，但是）
层递关系：both ...and; neither ...nor ,
not only ...but also
The story is simple ,yet interesting .(连词）
yet 还是副词：还，仍然
I haven't finished my homework yet.
for ,“因为“ 不用于句首，一般与前面部分用
逗号隔开。用来引出分句，对前面的分句加以
解释或证明，而不是说明原因。
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从属连词
1 after，
2 although、即使
3 as
as 的用法
1 当...什么时候 （引导时间状语从句）
He sang as he worked .
2 ”按照“（引导方式状语从句），
“像 ”（引导比较状语从句）
I have changed it as you suggested .
I am as tall as you are .
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3 虽然，尽管 引导让步状语从句
Child as he is ,he can speak at the meeting .
Much as I like it,I will not buy it.
4 由于，因为 ，引导原因状语从句
As all the seats were full ,he had to leave.
5 "像...样的人或物""正如“
This is the same thing as we are in need of.
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4 as ...as not so(as ) ...as
The wall is as white as snow.
5 as if =as though 似乎 好像
6 as long as 只要...就
7 as soon as 一...就
8 because 因为
9 before 在...之前
10 by the time 到...时候为止
11 considering that 考虑到
12 each time /every time 每当
13 even if 尽管=even though
14 if =whether
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15 in case 以防，免得
16 in order that =so that 以便，目的在于
17 lest = for fear that 唯恐（从句谓语多用should +动词原形）
18 now that 既然
19 on condisition that 只要= provided that
20 once 一旦
21 Seeing that 既然，鉴于
22 since 1）引导时间状语从句 “自从”
2）“由于” 引导原因状语从句
3）as far as /so far as （表示程度、范围）就...,,至于
As far as I know , he is still working here .
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23 so ...that 如此...以至于
引导结果状语从句
24 so that 引导结果或目的状语从句
We turned o the radio up ,so that everyone heard the news .
25 such ...that 如此...以致于 引导结果状语从句
26 suppose that =supposing that 假如
27 than "比“ 和比较级连用
28 that 引导名词性从句和定语从句
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29 the moment = as soon as 一...就
30 till =untill 直到...为止
31 unless 除非
32 whether 是否
33 when 当...时候
34 whenever 不论什么时候
35 while 在...的同时；当...的过程中
引导时间状语从句，谓语动词应是延续性的
While I was reading , I fell asleep .
Please be quiet while I am talking to you.
while ,然而 连接并列句
Some men are rich while others are poor.
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Three people were taken to the hospital ,________ others were treated at a local hospital.
while
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1）判断改错：
They sat down and talk about something.
They started to dance and sang.
I saw two men sitting behind and ate there.
　
F
F
F
eating
sing
talked
and (“和，并且”) 与 or (“否则”)
“and” 连接平行结构。
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（1）肯定句中用“and” 表“和”；
（2）否定句中用“or”表“和” 。
2）翻译：① 我喜欢英语和数学。
② 我不喜欢英语和数学。
I like English _____ math.
I don’t like English ____ math.
and
or
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= Study hard, _____ your math will be worse.
3）用 “and” 或“or” 填空：
Study hard, _____ your math will be better.
and
or
“and”意为“这样，那么”；
“or” 意为 “否则” 。
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表转折的连词but 和however：
e.g. (他努力工作，但以失败告终。)
He worked hard, ______ he failed at last.
He worked hard. _________, he failed at last.
区别: but 后没有逗号，直接连接分句；
however 后有逗号相隔，可放句末。
but
However
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观察句子 ：
（1）Although he is over sixty, but he works as hard as others.
改为：Although he is over sixty, he works as hard as others.
或 He is over sixty, but he works as hard as others.
（2）“Because John was ill, so I took him to the doctor.”
*although/ though 和but这两个关联词不能同时用。
同样，此句错误， because 和 so 等关联词都不能同时使用。
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either A or B “或者A或者B”
neither A nor B “既不A也不B”
not only A but also B “不仅A而且B”
--- 连词词组 ：
①Either you or I _____ going to the party.
(或者你或者我将去晚会。)
②Neither I nor he ______ seen the movie.
（我和他都没有看过这部电影。）
③Not only you but also he ________ French.
（不但你而且他也讲法语。）
【连接主语 时，谓语“就近原则”】
am
has
speaks
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二.从属连词是用来引导连接主句和从句的连词
分为引导名词性从句的连词和引导状语
从句的连词。
1. 引导名词性的从句
(1). that,whether,if 不充当成分.
(2). 连接代词 who, whom, which, what
充当主, 宾, 定, 表语等.
(3). 连接副词 when, where, how, why 状语.
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2. 从属连词---用来引导状语从句。常见的从属连词有：
(1)引导时间状语从句的after, before, when, while, as, until, till, since, as soon as等。
(2)引导条件状语从句的if, unless等。
(3)引导原因状语从句的because, as, since等。
(4)引导目的状语从句的so that, in order that等。
(5)引导让步状语从句的though, although, even if等。
(6)引导结果状语从句的so that, so…that, such…that等。
(7)引导比较状语从句的than, as…as等。
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我会一直工作到你回来。
I will work till you come back.
not…until/ till 直到……才
…till 直到……为止
翻译：我会到你回来时才睡觉。
I won’t go to bed until/ till you come back.
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Mr. White was taking a shower _____ the UFO landed on the street.
A. where B. while C. when D. whether
C
While Mr. White was taking a shower，the UFO landed on the street.
“when” 和 “while”
when引导的状语从句的动作多为终止性动词，也为可持续动词；但while只能是可持续动词。
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我父亲直到我们吃完饭时才回来。
My father ______ come back until we had supper.
not…until/ till 直到……才
…till 直到……为止
翻译：他直到3岁才会讲话。
He ______get up until his mother wakes him up.
didn’t
他经常等到妈妈叫他才起床。
He _________ speak until he was 3.
couldn’t
doesn’t
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He took the MP3 player with him _____ he could enjoy music during the trip.
A. because B. so that C. when
B
他起早是为了赶上早班车。(表目的)
①He got up early so that he could catch the early bus.
②He got up early so that he caught the early bus.
他起早，结果赶上了早班车。（表结果）
He got up so early that he caught the early bus.
so that：①为了； ② 所以，结果
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H：“What are we going to do, my dear？”
W: “Go shopping.”
H：“We can do nothing ___________shopping.”
W：“In fact, _______ you _____ I like shopping.”
H: “Why must you do the things _____ you don’t like ”
W: “___ my skirts are out of style, ___ I want
to buy a new one.”
W:（In the clothing shop.）…I don’t know___ they fit(适合) me. ”
H: “I don’t know ____________ you really like. Just go inside
and try them on.”
H：（对seller笑笑） “Can you talk to me for a few minutes？”
S：Why
H：Because ___________ my wife sees (that)
I am talking to other ladies, she will be angry at once and leave.
S： “Then why do you let her go ”
H： “I want to leave ________ I won’t pay for them.”
根据对话内容，填入适当连词。
except/but
neither nor
that
Because
或 so
if
what/ which
if/when/ as soon as
and/ so that
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