湖南省部分学校2021-2022学年高二下学期期末联考英语试题汇编：阅读理解（含答案）

湖南省部分学校
2021-2022学年高二下学期期末联考英语试题分类汇编
阅读理解
湖南省32多所名校2021-2022学年高二下学期期末联考英语试题（解析版）
第一节（共15小题；每小题2.5分，满分37.5分）
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。
A
Four Highly Outstanding Awards in Architecture
Pritzker Architecture Prize
Founded in 1979 by the Pritzker family, and funded by their Hyatt Foundation, the Pritzker Architecture Prize aims to honor a living architect whose built work demonstrates a combination of those qualities of talent, vision and commitment, which has produced consistent and significant contributions to humanity and the built environment through the art of architecture.
Architecture MasterPrize
Established in 2016, the Architecture MasterPrize (AMP) was created to honor, celebrate and share the very best projects in the fields of architectural design, interior design, and landscape architecture. The AMP is open to submissions from all architects, across the world. Divided into two categories- professional and student winners, the AMP has very quickly established itself as the home for creative thinking and promoting new ideas.
RIBA International Prize
Founded in 1834, the Royal Institute of British Architects (RIBA) organizes a number of awards as a part of their program. The latest winner of the RIBA International Prize, Children Village, by Aleph Zero and Rosenbaum of Brazil, demonstrates exactly what the RIBA jury is looking for-a project which fits its environment perfectly, achieving exactly what was needed in the brief but going beyond this, into those rare strata (层) of perfection.
AIA Gold Medal
The American Institute of Architects (AIA), founded in 1857, runs more than thirty award programs, with the most famous and prestigious (有威望的) being the Gold Medal. This is awarded annually to an individual, or a pair, whose work has created an influential legacy, both practically, and also through architectural theory.
21. What is special about the Pritzker Architecture Prize
A. It was established by a family
B. It’s available to all architects globally.
C. It’s only awarded to experts in the field.
D. It included three awards in the beginning.
22. What do we know about Architecture MasterPrize
A. It is held every two years.
B. It was founded in the 21st century.
C. It was created to share new projects.
D. It is the world’s best prize for architects.
23. What should be considered most if one wants to win a RIBA International Prize
A. The price. B. The novelty. C. The height. D. The landscape.
B
Tu Youyou is a Chinese medical scientist, pharmaceutical (制药的) chemist, and educator best known for discovering artemisinin (also known as qinghao su). The discovery of artemisinin and its treatment of malaria are regarded as a significant breakthrough of tropical medicine in the 20th century and health improvement for people of tropical developing countries in South Asin, Africa, and South America.
For her work Tu received the 2011 Lasker Award in Clinical Medicine and the 2015 Nobel prize in Physiology (生理学) or Medicine. The Nobel Committee puts Tu’s work well by writing: “Malaria infects close to 200 million individuals yearly. Artemisinin is used in all malaria-ridden parts of the world. When used in combination treatment, it is estimated to reduce the death rate from malaria by more than 20% overall and by more than 30% in children. For Africa alone, this means that more than 100, 000 lives are saved each year.”
In China, Tu is known as a “sanwu scientist”. Tu has spent no time studying abroad, no membership with the Chinese Academy of Sciences and no doctoral degree. The Xinhua News Agency has commented on the significance of Tu’s achievement, “Not only is Tu the first Chinese Nobel laureate (获奖者) in natural science, but also the first Nobel laureate who received all scientific training in China. The award she won made Chinese scientists gain tremendous confidence.”
As part of the program charged with finding a treatment for malaria, Tu was inspired by an ancient Chinese text which said qinghao was used to tackle intermittent fevers (间歇热) around 400 AD. In the herb Tu discovered a compound, now known as artemisinin, which proved an effective treatment for the infection. Tu herself volunteered to be the first human recipient.
An article Tu Youyou published in Nature in 2011 ended up with an insightful sentence. “It is my dream that Chinese medicine will help us conquer life-threatening diseases worldwide, and people across the globe will enjoy its benefits for health promotion,” Tu wrote.
24. What can we learn about qinghao su
A. It was discovered in the 21st century.
B. It is beneficial to people in tropical areas.
C. It was first plied to physiology in 2011.
D. It helps doctors cheek the infective disease.
25. What’s the second paragraph mainly about
A. The importance of the Nobel Prize.
B. The malaria’s effects on human health.
C. The achievements made by Tu Youyou.
D. The people’s suffering from infective diseases.
26. What can we infer about Tu Youyou from paragraph 3
A. She has studied abroad for several years.
B. She has got the highest degree in medicine.
C. She is a member of the Chinese Academy of Sciences.
D. She has set a good example for many Chinese scientists.
27. What do the words Tu Youyou wrote in Nature show
A. Her passion for Chinese medicine.
B. Her doubt about Chinese medicine.
C. Her dream of getting prices from Nature.
D. Her hesitation in doing medical research.
C
Over the last 50 years, the environmental movement has become so closely associated with the color green that it’s almost impossible to see a green poster, label or recycling bag without thinking about our plane’s future. But though that connection is the product of a very recent crisis, its origins go back some way. We have identified green with nature and its processes for thousands of years. Indeed, the very word “green” comes from the ancient Proto-Indo-European word ghre, meaning “grow”.
The human species has a special biological bond with green. Unlike most mammals, which are red-green color blind, we developed a third cone cell. This additional photoreceptor (光感受器) enabled our ancestors to spot ripe red and yellow fruits against the green ones, and to distinguish different green leaves from each other. In daylight conditions, human eyes are more sensitive to green than any other colors.
All over the world, people shared feelings with nature through green materials. Jade, for instance, was used to make objects that would guarantee a successful harvest. The Maya buried their leaders with jade masks for this reason. The ancient Egyptians, who were farming the banks of the Nile from about 8000 BC, identified their crops with green. Their term for the color was wadj, which also meant flourish (繁荣). Egyptian painters often described their god of agriculture, Osiris, as a bright green being.
While the future of our planet remains uncertain, many scientists are convinced that leaves will prove to be a decisive weapon in our battle against climate change. This is as it should be. After all, for early farmers waiting for schools to emerge from the soil and for modern-day activists determined to bring about a sustainable future, green was, and is, a color of hope—after a long cold winter or a drought-ridden summer, the arrival of green will signal a new beginning.
28. What has happened over the past 50 years according to the text
A. People have been used to buying recycled paper bags.
B. A large number of posters have been designed by artists.
C Many factories have closed down due to the serious pollution.
D. The environmental movement has greatly affected the Earth’s future.
29. Why are most mammals red-green blind
A. They have a special bond with red.
B. Their eyes are more sensitive to red.
C. They lack a kind of photoreceptor cell.
D. Their brains have additional photoreceptors.
30. How does the author state his opinion in paragraph 3
A. By making a comparison. B. By giving examples.
C. By raisin a question. D. By using statistics.
31. What does the underlined word “decisive” in the last paragraph mean
A. Crucial. B. Abstract. C. Complex. D. Distant.
D
Climate change and land-use change are projected to make wildfires more frequent and intense, with a global increase of extreme fires of up to 14 per cent by 2030, 30 per cent by the end of 2050 and 50 per cent by the end of the century, according to a new report by the UN Environment Programme (UNEP) and GRID-Arendal.
The paper calls for a complete change in government spending on wildfires changing their investments from reaction and response to prevention and preparedness.
The report, Spreading like Wildfire: The Rising Threat of Extraordinary Landscape Fires, finds a higher risk even for the Arctic and other regions previously unaffected by wildfires. The report had been released before representatives of 193 nations held a meeting in Nairobi for the restarted 5th session of the UN Environment Assembly (UNEA-5.2), between 28 February and 2 March, 2022.
The publication calls on governments to adopt a new “Fire Ready Formula” with two-thirds of spending devoted to planning, prevention, preparedness, and recovery, with one third left for response. Currently, direct responses to wildfires typically receive over hall of related cost, while planning and prevention receive less than one per cent.
To prevent fires, authors call for a combination of data and science-based monitoring systems with native knowledge and for a stronger regional and international cooperation.
“Current government responses to wildfires are often putting money in the wrong place. Those emergency service workers and firefighters on the frontlines who are risking their lives to fight forest wildfires need to be supported. We have to reduce the risk of extreme wildfires by being better prepared: invest more in fire risk reduction, work with local communities, and strengthen global commitment to fight climate change.” said Inger Andersen, UNEP Executive Director.
Wildfires disproportionately (不成比例地) affect the world’s poorest nations. With an impact that extends for days, weeks and even years after the flames die down, they block progress towards the UN Sustainable Development Coals and deepen social inequalities.
32. What does the paper appeal to the government to do with wildfires
A. Invest more money on forecast.
B. Give advanced warning to wild animals
C. Focus on the act of stopping them from happening,
D. Plant more tress to make up for the loss of forests.
33 What’s Inger Andersen’s attitude towards the current government’s measure
A. Supportive. B. Critical. C. Unfair. D. Unconcerned.
34. What is the author likely to talk about next
A. The areas hit by climate change.
B. The names of the world’s poorest nations.
C. The relationship between wildfires and health.
D. The bad effects of wildfires on different fields.
35. What is the main idea of the text
A. Wildfires are spreading worldwide.
B. The UN held a meeting to discuss wildfires.
C. Governments should prepare themselves for wildfires.
D. The UNEP Executive Director released a report on wildfires.
湖南省湘东九校2021-2022学年高二下学期期末联考英语试题（解析版）
第一节(共15小题;每小题2.5分，满分37.5分)
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B，C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。
A
Celebrating Children’s Day in different countries
The International Children’s Day of every year is scheduled for June 1st. It is to ensure children in the world the rights of life, education and protection. At present, many countries in the world will celebrate Children’s Day on June I1st as the festival.
China
In China, it is celebrated on June 1st. It is a time to enjoy, make fun and merry. On this day, the Chinese promise to contribute to providing children with a good family, social and educational environment. Children’s Day is an official holiday in China.
India
The day is celebrated on November 14th in memory of the birth anniversary of India’s first Prime Minister, Pandit Jawaharlal Nehru. On the occasion, many schools allow students to attend their classes in coloured dresses. Special programs are held by the children themselves and the principals hand over a rose to every child. Many schools hold activities to allow students to have fun.
Japan
In Japan, Children’s Day is a national holiday called “Kodomo no Hi” and is celebrated every year on May 5th. Japanese Golden Week includes Children’s Day and is held in honour of children and to celebrate their happiness.
Korea
North Korea and South Korea observe this occasion on different days. While North Korea celebrates Children’s Day on June 1st, South Korea marks it on May 5th. It is not a holiday in North Korea. Hence, parents go to their workplace, while children in the kindergarten or nursery schools enjoy the day in sports or small performances. In South Korea, the occasion is marked throughout the country through parades and special events like pageants and martial arts demonstrations.
1. Which two countries celebrate Children’s Day on the same day rather than June 1st
A. China and India B. India and Japan.
C. Japan and South Korea. D. North Korea and South Korea.
2. What is special about Children’s Day in India
A. It is not a national holiday.
B. It is marked throughout the country through parades and special events.
C. People provide children with a good family, social and educational environment.
D. In many schools, every child can get a rose from the principals.
3 Where is this text probably taken from
A. A magazine. B. A biography. C. A science article. D. An advertisement.
B
A bike repairer at Beijing’s Peking University has won respect from many for remaining dedicated to his work over the course of the past 16 years. Lin Qinggang, from Xingtai city, north China’s Hebei Province, started his business in 2006. Before that point, he had been a migrant worker at a construction site and a bicycle salesman in Beijing. In 2017. Peking University built a repair shop for Lin, which had been transformed from a 32-square-meter container. Lin tells people that he starts work at 8:30 a. m, but that for most of the time, he’s available as early as 8 a.m.
Because students always come over to Lin’s shop to have their bicycles repaired before and after lunch and dinner breaks, the man is often busy during these hours. This means he has to finish his meals quickly.
“During the busiest time before the COVID-19 pandemic hit, I never had lunch on time, usually having supper at about 8 or 9 p.m., and sometimes even at 10 p.m.,” Lin recalled, saying that he once repaired 180 bicycles on his busiest day.
Lin’s services has won recognition from teachers and students at Peking University, who would often share food with him during holidays such as the Mid-Autumn Festival and the Dragon Boat Festival. Such gestures of goodwill have deeply touched Lin.
“Some of the services that I provided were for free, but the students insisted on giving me money or paying me extra. I think this is the way they expressed their encouragement,” Lin said.
When Lin just started the business, some young people had doubted his abilities as a bike repairer. He just worked very hard to prove himself. Eventually, most of the people changed their opinions.
Lin has repaired nearly 500,000 bicycles in 16 years. He has gained the trust of teachers and students at Peking University with all the good qualities he possesses, including his dedication and reliability.
4. What caused Lin Qinggang’s never having lunch or supper on time
A That students often shared food with him. B. That the COVID-19 pandemic hit Beijing.
C. That he was too busy during that time. D. That he wanted to win respect from people.
5. Which of the following is TRUE about Lin Qinggang according to the text
A. He always repaired bikes for students free of charge.
B. He was deeply moved by people’s kindness.
C. Students often paid him extra money because they had sympathy for him.
D. People always believed in his abilities as a bike repairer.
6. Which of the following best describes Lin Qinggang
A. Dedicated and dependable. B. Well-educated and ambitious.
C. Cheerful and creative. D. Indifferent and selfish.
7. Why did Lin Qinggang win recognition of teachers and students at Peking University
A. Because he repaired nearly 500,000 bicycles for them.
B. Because he was always engaged with his work and forgot his meals.
C. Because he was grateful for them and trusted them.
D. Because of his hard work and good qualities he possessed.
C
Getting a solid night’s rest when you’re sick can seem like an unattainable goal for any number of reasons. It’s difficult to fall asleep and stay asleep when you’re troubled by a stuffy nose, a constant cough, or other unbearable symptoms(症状). Fevers can make quality sleep even harder, thanks in part to fever dreams: especially vivid, unbelievable, or downright disturbing dreams that occur when you have a fever.
As the Sleep Foundation explains, fever dreams sometimes involve spatial distortion, such as moving walls and melting objects; threats or danger, which can be anything from insects to terrorists; and illness. If you were to have a dream fitting this description when you weren’t sick, you might just regard it as a common nightmare(噩梦). But since people seem to experience such strange dreams more often during fevers, it’s given rise to the idea that the two things must be linked.
While there’s a lot about fever dreams we don’t know, there is at least a little evidence supporting the theory that some people’s fever dreams are different from their regular dreams. In one study from 2016, researchers asked 62 people to describe past fever dreams and found them to be more unbelievable, more emotionally intense, and often negatively toned than regular dreams from an age and gender matched sample. Of the 164 people who participated in a 2020 survey, 100 reported fever dreams. The researchers noted that these dreams included more references to health and temperature sensations(感觉)compared to normal most recent dreams.
As for why fevers beget strange nightmares, scientists have some ideas. “One theory is that the brain doesn’t process sensations normally when we have a fever,” Dr Beth Malow, director of Vanderbilt University Medical Center’s sleep division, told Health in 2020. So burning up in your bed might just clearly show itself in a dream full of melting objects and seemingly unrelated dangers.
8. What might not make you fail to attain quality sleep according to the text
A. Having a blocked nose. B. Coughing constantly.
C. Having dreams. D. Catching a fever.
9. What can we learn about fever dreams from the text
A. People will certainly dream of some threats or dangers during fevers.
B. Fever dreams might make people ill.
C. Fever dreams are often viewed as common nightmares.
D. People are more likely to have nightmares during fevers.
10. What is the difference between fever dreams and regular dreams
A. Fever dreams are more incredible to young people.
B. Fever dreams may bring stronger emotions.
C. Fever dreams occur more frequently.
D. Fever dreams may result in higher body temperature.
11. What does the underlined word “beget” mean in the last paragraph
A. Cause. B. Get. C. Reach. D. Explain.
D
Skin has traditionally been reserved for humans and animals until now. For the first time scientists learned to grow humanlike skin on a robotic finger using cells, a new study revealed.
“Unlike artificial skin that is commonly used when building robots, this skin is alive,” said Shoji Takeuchi, project professor at the Institute of Industrial Science at the University of Tokyo. “Living skin is the ultimate solution to give robots the look and touch of living creatures.” Takeuchi said.
The humanlike skin is made using the same building blocks as human skin. The robotic finger was first put in a liquid of collagen, which is a fibrous(纤维的)protein, and human dermal fibroblasts, the two major components that make up human skin. After the liquid conformed(紧贴)around the finger, human epidermal keratinocytes, a main type of cells that make up the outermost layer of skin, were applied to the outside.
In the trials, the flexible human skin moved freely while the finger made different movements. Takeuchi’s team put a collagen bandage on a part of the wounded finger to mend it, and the robot was able to move freely after the protein repaired the skin. Collagen is a major part of human skin and has healing properties. The skin could also repel(抵御)water, which expanded what tasks the robot could perform.
“The discovery is an important one,” Takeuchi said, “but development of the humanlike skin still has a long way to go.” Skin is a living organism, so it needs to sustain itself by being constantly nourished while removing waste. Unfortunately, the current skin that was grown does not have that ability, so it cannot sustain itself. Takeuchi is interested in adding a vascular(血管的)system, the way blood is circulated throughout our body, to help transport nutrients to and from the cells and keep the skin alive. He also wishes to develop additional details for the skin such as hair follicles, nails and sweat glands.
12. Why is humanlike skin grown on the robotic finger
A. To reserve the skin of humans and animals. B. To remove the artificial skin.
C. To give robots humanlike look and touch. D. To make robots stay alive.
13. What are the main elements making up the humanlike skin
A. Building blocks. B. Collagen and dermal fibroblasts.
C. A special bandage. D. Robotic fingers.
14. What is paragraph 4 mainly about
A. The doubt of the research process. B. The performance of the researchers.
C. The movements of the robots. D. The trials of the research.
15. What does Takeuchi say about the development of the humanlike skin
A. It needs more effort and research. B. It is highly profitable.
C. It drives the evolution of robots. D. It is well developed.
湖南省三湘名校教育联盟、五市十校教研教改共同体2021-2022学年高二下学期期末考试英语试题
第一节(共15小题;每小题2.5分，满分37.5分)
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项(A、B、C和D)中，选出最佳选项。
A
Young students can, and do, make a big difference. As an educator, you have the opportunity to spark (触发) a passion in students that will drive them to do their part to take care of the Earth. Here are activities you could add to your lesson plans to inspire your students on Earth Day:
Make signs for school and at home
Sometimes we just need a little reminder to help us change our habits. Have students think about what they can do at school and at home to help the environment and how they can encourage others to change their habits.
Make a video or presentation urging others to take action
Students can make a bigger impact if they influence others to do their part to protect the environment. Putting together a video or presentation also helps them internalize the material itself they need to understand it before they can explain it to others. Presentations can be given in the classroom or even to the whole school. Eventually, they may be able to present their lessons and research at a local conference.
Show them examples of other students making a real difference
It's important for students to see examples of young environmentalists so they know they don’t need to wait until they're older to make a difference. Learning about the work these young people are doing can give your students new ideas for how to protect the environment. It can open the door of possibilities for how to think about finding solutions to problems they can help solve. Farther Day isn't just on April 22. It's every day. How will you celebrate Earth Day and help students make a difference year-round
21. Who is the text written for
A. Students. B. Teachers. C. Environmentalists. D. Parents.
22. What can we do to remind people to change their habits
A. Make signs. B. Make a video or presentation.
C. Make lesson plans. D. Show other students’ examples.
23. Why is it important for students to learn about young environmentalists
A. It helps make friends. B. It improves learning results.
C. It guarantees success. D. It inspires immediate action.
B
Two days earlier, my stepfather, Doug, told my mom he wasn’t feeling well and went to the bedroom to lie down. W hen Mom checked on him a couple of hours later, she couldn't wake him up. They’d been married for 21 years. With Doug gone, who would accompany her
Since his death, Mom had hardly spoken. But she had mentioned she wanted to pack up some of Doug's belongings and photo albums (相册) to give to his family. “I' m going to pick up some boxes ” I said. It wasn't much, but it was something.
I drove to the grocery store and asked the manager if he was throwing out any boxes. He asked, “Do your parents have a shopper's card for our store ” “I don't know," I admitted. “I know they shop here. He asked for their names and said, “Please come back in an hour.”
Unbelievable, I thought as I walked back to my car, “He can't give me a few boxes unless my family shop at his store That's the world we live in.
When I returned, the manager loaded a dozen neatly flattened boxes and several bags of groceries into my car. “I didn't order.” I said. “I looked up your parents’ account and copied their last grocery order," he explained. “I hope it's helpful for your family. No charge.”
Back home, I unpacked the bags: Mom’s favorite cookies, orange juice, small red potatoes and so on. I explained where the groceries had come from. ”Oh, that was Doug. Since the pandemie (大流行病) started, Doug did all our grocery shopping online.” she said.
Of course, Mom had depended on Doug to buy all her favorite foods before. But it turned out that she could depend on a caring store manager too. No one could replace my stepdad, but this experience reminded me that the world was full of people who cared, and earth angels (天使) he would send us when we least expected it.
24. Why did the author pick up some boxes
A. To give Doug's family . B. To pack up Doug's things.
C. To load the bags of groceries. D. To send some belongings to the store.
25. How did the manager know Mom’s favorite foods
A. By calling the author's mom.
B. By asking the author’s stepfather.
C. By communicating with the author.
D. By referring to his parents’ shopping account.
26. What kind of person is the store manager actually
A. Helpful. B. Talkative. C. Mean. D. Pessimistic.
27. What message does the author seem to deliver in the last paragraph
A. Angels would be sent to the earth to care people.
B. Mom shouldn't have been too dependent on Doug.
C. Many kind people might give us a hand unexpectedly.
D. The store manager could replace Doug to tend Mom.
C
After Chinese short-track speed skater Ren Ziwei won gold in the men's 1, 000 meters at the Beijing 2022 Winter Olympic Games on Monday evening, there was much discussion online about China's high-speed cameras in the speed skating stadiums. A 4K high-definition camera system named“Lie Bao”developed by China Media Group (CMG) was able to accurately capture (捕捉) any foul play during the speed skating event.
After reviewing Monday' s race, the chief referee declared Ren the winner and punished Hungary's Liu Shaolin for blocking Ren near the finishing line. Many netizens also owed Ren's victory to ”Lie Bao”，which clearly recorded every movement of the athletes during the race.
Lie Bao, or cheetah in English, is developed by CMG over five years, specifically for broadcasting speed skating events at Beijing 2022. Experts said that during the speed skating race, the athletes can reach a speed of 15 to 18 meters per second, which requires real-time synchronization (同步) of the broadcast equipment. Lie Bao can deal with a speed of 25 meters per second, so it can closely track the athletes as well as capturing various scenes during the speed skating. Although the majority of viewers cannot be present, they are able to follow every move of Chinese short-track speed skaters including their expressions.
After Ren's victory, “Thanks to 'Lie Bao’" was trending on Chinese social media platform Sina Weibo Monday evening, and many netizens expressed pride in China’s high-end technology in the comment section. “During Beijing 2022, China has shown a lot of new technologies, which not only represent the country's innovation ability, but have also boosted the nation ’s pride,” analysts said.
28. What does the underlined phrase “foul play” in Paragraph 1 probably mean
A. Discussion about cameras. B. Violent behavior.
C. Criminal activity. D. Action against rules.
29. What happened to Ren Ziwei in the men's 1,000 meters competition
A. He was punished. B. He finally got the gold.
C. He missed the finishing line. D. He broke the record.
30. Which of the following best describes “Lie Bao"
A. It has been used for five years.
B. It skates as fast as the athletes.
C. It gives off-site audience clear views.
D. It requires synchronization of other equipment.
31. What can be the best title for the text
A. A Gold Medal B. A National Pride
C. A Widely Used Camera D. A Useful Tool to Get Gold
D
It's been one year since NASA's Perseverance rover (探测仪) landed on Mars. It was too far away for engineers on Earth to control it - which meant that the spacecraft had to carry out tasks all by itself.
Perseverance is hunting for evidence of microorganisms that may have once lived on the red
Planet----a first for a NASA robot. One of the mission’s main objectives is to collect samples of rocks and dirt and hide them on the surface of Mars so that a future mission could bring them back to Earth.
Perseverance is searching an area known as Jezero Crater which might have been an ancient lake. The assumption is that life on Mars would need water, much like life here on Earth. The rover is equipped with drills and sample tubes and has already begun collecting bits of Martian rock. In its first year, it has collected and hidden 6 samples, with the opportunity to collect up to 40. NASA and the European Space Agency are working together to develop a mission to collect those samples，launch them off Mars and safely return them to Earth. If all goes well, scientists could have their hands on Martian rocks in 2031.
While scientists wait to collect Martian samples, the mission is breaking ground in other ways. A tiny helicopter (直升机) in the rover has completed 19 successful flights on Mars.“It really is game changing , says Glaze, NASA' s planetary science division director. “We can see these high-resolution images in areas the rover can’t actually reach.”
The rover is also helping plan for future human missions to Mars, like taking fabric samples that could one day be used for astronaut suits. Another experiment is working to transform that atmosphere into oxygen that could potentially be used for fuel or life support.
32. What do we know about the Perseverance
A. It will return to Earth in 2031.
B. It has collected up to 40 samples.
C. It is directly controlled by engineers.
D. It is searching for signs of past life on Mars.
33. What does Glaze think of the helicopter's fight
A. Funny. B. Excellent. C. Doubtful. D. Ordinary.
34. Why is the rover helping to take fabric samples
A. To give astronauts life support.
B. To help make future astronaut suits.
C. To provide fuel for future missions.
D. To transform atmosphere into oxygen.
35. Where can the text probably be found
A. In a science Journal. . B. In a fashion magazine.
C. In a science fiction. D. In a history book.
湘鄂冀三省益阳平高学校、长沙市平高中学等七校2021-2022学年高二下学期期末联考英语试题
第一节（共15小题：每小题2. 5分, 满分37. 5）
阅读下列短文, 从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中, 选出最佳选项。
A
We're young and our mission is simple: we enrich lives through communication. We're already the world's third largest The internship lasts three months or up to 60 working days. The role will involve （but not limited to）：
producer of smartphones and the world's largest producer of telecommunications equipment. Big is good, but smarter is even better, which is why we're looking for smart, talented team players who are keen to make it possible with HUAWEI. —On-line and off-line marketing activities —Graphics（制图）and design —Social media and digital marketing —Marketing communications
Interested in how a new smartphone is launched to market？ Be involved and let us provide you with the skills and practical on-the-job experience. Upon successful completion, we will provide a certificate for your future job seeking effort. Sales, marketing or international business education will be highly regarded. More importantly, you are genuinely passionate about technology and know more than a thing of two about smartphones and have a positive can-do attitude. If you have the passion and drive to make a difference after graduation, feel free to send a little bio（个人简历）about yourself to Craig Butland at nzinternship@.
21. Who is the text intended for
A. The general public. B. College students.
C. Technology experts. D. Marketing workers.
22. What is the benefit of the internship program
A. Making a difference to the participants' future career.
B. Offering skills to develop new smartphones for the market.
C. Providing various on-line and off-line marketing activities.
D. Helping participants to develop a positive can-do attitude.
23. In which column of a newspaper can the text be found
A. Society. B. Economy. C. Entertainment. D. Employment.
B
Nowadays’ countries are eager to get more electric cars on the road because moving away from gas-powered vehicles is vital to fighting climate change. China says that most new vehicles sold by 2035 will be electric. The United Kingdom will ban new gas-powered cars in
2030. One of the world’s major automakers, General Motors (GM), announced that it would
stop selling gas-powered cars by 2035.
The key to an electric future is batteries. Automakers are racing to pack the most energy
into the smallest one. The lithium-ion battery is what powers our mobile devices, which can be recharged again and again. Making these batteries has an environmental cost. Lithium is taken from the earth, like the oil used to make gasoline. But the long-term cost is much smaller. “Once you burn gasoline, you can’t recycle it, ” says Jessika Trancik, a researcher at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology. “But when you use up a battery, you can still recycle the material. ”
It’s up to governments to make electric cars accessible to everyone. National policies can
help. In the United States, an electric Chevy Volt costs about $35, 000. Trancik says charging stations must also be made widely available. As part of an effort to fight climate change, America plans to build half a million of them in the US by 2030. She hopes enough charging stations will be built soon. “It’s important to put chargers where many different people can have access to them, ” she says. “Not just wealthier people. ”
Last year, almost 5% of approximately 67 million new cars sold worldwide were electric.
For Venkat Viswanathan, a professor of mechanical engineering at Carnegie Mellon University, green electricity is part of the solution to climate change, and electric cars are just the beginning. He sees a future of solar-powered homes and electric flying cars. “Soon, a plug-in vehicle might be as cheap as a gas-powered car. It is now abundantly clear that electric is the future, ” he says. “It will be a totally new world. ”
24. Which word best describes Trancik’s attitude to the lithium-ion battery
A. Conservative. B. Skeptical. C. Positive. D. Disapproving.
25. What does Trancik indicate about charging stations in Paragraph 3
A. They should come down in price. B. They may be unfairly laid out.
C. Enough of them have been built. D. They favor more ordinary people.
26. What can be inferred from Viswanathan
A. Gas-powered cars will be cheaper.
B. Green electricity will be widely used.
C. The price of batteries will drop sharply.
D. Electric vehicles will beat climate change.
27. What can be a suitable title for the text
A. Charging Stations Are Needed B. Vehicles Have Clean Options
C. Climate Change Fuels Electricity D. Our Cars Are Going Electric
C
Sleep with your pet “In general, it is a very good thing for animals to sleep with their owners. ” said Dr. Dan a marble, the chief officer of North American Veterinary Community. Pets who share their owners' bed tend to have a higher trust level and a tighter bond with the humans in their lives. It's a big display of trust on their part. “Dogs and cats who are more closely bonded with their humans get additional health benefits, including increase in beneficial feel-good hormones. ” she added.
Let's turn to you. “Animals may move or bark and sleep in dogs (and cats) is not continuous
and they may get up and walk on the bed, stepping on people. All of these activities will fragment your sleep. ” said Dr. Vsevolod Polotsky at Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine. These “microawakenings, ” which can happen without your awareness, are destructive because they pull you out of deep sleep and they have been associated with the release of the stress hormone, cortisol, which can make sleep even worse.
However, recent studies have shown that pets in the bedroom could be beneficial for some of us. “People with depression or anxiety may benefit from that because the pet is a big pillow, a big blanket which decrease their anxiety. ” said sleep specialist Dr. Ram Dasgupta, an assistant professor from University of Southern California. Data showed over half of pet owners allowed their pet to sleep in the bedroom—and the majority found their pet “not interruptive or even beneficial to sleep. ”
Despite the new science, we still need to think twice about bringing our dogs, cats or indoor
pigs into our beds. If you are one of the millions of people who suffer from asthma, allergies or chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, sleeping with a fur ball could become a nightmare. And there are some pets that you should never invite to bed and a lot of them have very specific health and safety requirements.
28. What is paragraph 1 mainly about
A. Human's trust in pets. B. Impacts of keeping pets.
C. pets' close relationship with humans. D. Benefits for pets sleeping with humans.
29. What does the underlined word “fragment” mean in paragraph 2
A. Sweep away. B. Make up for. C. Break into pieces. D. Contribute to.
30. How can sleeping with pets help according to Dr. Ram Dasgupta
A. Relieve pressure. B. Boost creativity.
C. Feel confident. D. Avoid anxiety.
31. What ' the author's advice on sleeping with pets
A. Better safe than sorry. B. Love me, love my dog.
C. Pets cure more than doctors. D. Nothing ventured, nothing gained.
D
Under the background of the slow growth of its total population to 1. 44 billion, China has seen a sharp rise in older adults over the past decade, solidifying the country’s rapidly aging pattern, the latest national census (人口普查) data shows. The population on the Chinese mainland increased by an average of 0. 53 percent annually during the past 10 years to 1. 41 billion, compared with an annual growth rate of 0. 57 percent from 2000 to 2010, according to the 7th national census published by the National Bureau of Statistics.
“The growth of the total population has slowed down but remains at a steady pace, ” Ning Jizhe, head of the bureau, said at a news conference. “Based on trends in recent years, China’s population will grow at an increasingly slow rate in the future while remaining above 1. 4 billion. ” The increasing elderly population has become a defining feature of the past decade.
Ning said an aging society will set the tone for China's population structure for a long time, presenting challenges and opportunities. “A graying population will pile pressure on supply of labor force and social services, as well as adding to families’ elderly care burden. But more elderly people could also motivate consumption of products and services targeting this age group, and advance the development of some technologies, ” he said.
Ning added that those between the ages of 60 and 69, who are equipped with knowledge, experience and skills and are generally in good health, make up nearly 56 percent of all older adults. “Their potential to continue making contributions to society and playing a constructive role is big, ” he responded to a question on the outlook for raising the retirement age and carrying out other potential measures aimed at addressing the aging trend. Some population economists also said the latest number and proportion (比例) of elderly are largely within predictions, and the aging trend will continue for a long time.
32. What does the 7th national census data show
A. The aging population of China has risen rapidly.
B. The annual growth rate has increased by 0. 04%.
C. The annual growth rate was 0. 57% during the past 10 years.
D. The total population of Chinese mainland increased to 1. 44 billion.
33. What does Ning Jizhe say about the growth of graying population
A. It is beyond predictions. B. It brings few advantages.
C. It has sharply slowed down. D. It will increase pressure on family.
34. What is Ning Jizhe’s attitude to the graying population
A. Objective. B. Doubtful. C. Unclear. D. Negative.
35 What can be a suitable title for the passage
A. The aging trend brings problems
B. An aging society presents opportunities
C. China’s population gets old as growth slows
D. Measures are to be taken to tackle the aging trend
湖南省衡阳市部分校2021-2022学年高二下学期期末考试英语试题
第一节（共15小题；每小题2.5分，满分37.5分）
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。
A
For centuries people have wondered who was the model for Leonardo da Vinci's Mona Lisa and what was the reason for her smile. But the Mona Lisa is just one of the many mysteries in the art world. Here are some other notable unsolved art mysteries that might be a little less familiar.
Mystery 1: Who Is the Girl in Johannes Vermeer's Girl with a Pearl Earring
Around 1665, Dutch artist Johannes Vermeer painted a charming portrait of a young girl. People around the globe have long wondered who this fetching young lady was.
Many say she must have been Vermeer's daughter or girlfriend. Others think she wasn't a real person, but rather an intentionally mysterious, timeless figure. The painting, referred to as the"Mona Lisa of the North", has been part of The Hague's permanent collection since 1903. But it draws record-breaking crowds whenever and wherever it tours around the world.
Mystery 2: Where Is Raphael's Portrait of a Young Man
Portrait of a Young Man is considered one of the most important pieces of art to go missing during World War II. The painting was created around 1513 by Raphael, a famous Italian Renaissance artist, and stolen from Poland's Princes Czartoryski Museum in 1939.
The portrait had traveled to Germany and Austria before it was gone in 1945.
Mystery 3: Was Van Gogh Murdered
One of the main things people know about Vincent van Gogh is that he cut off his ear. That was likely because the Dutch post-impressionist painter suffered from mental illness, probably severe depression. The official cause is suicide from a gun shot at close range.
That certainly seems plausible(貌似有理的), given his poor mental health. However, no gun was found near his body, and locals reported two teenage boys bullying him shortly before his death.
21. What do Portrait of a Young Man and Girl with a Pearl Earring have in common
A. They are both gone. B. They were created at the same period.
C. They are both portraits. D. They are both related to World War II.
22. Who probably suffered from mental illness
A. Vincent van Gogh. B. Leonardo da Vinci. C. Johannes Vermeer. D. Raphael.
23. Who is likely to be more interested in this selection
A. Book reviewers. B. Art lovers. C. Tour guides. D. Music composers.
B
One of the three astronauts who made up the historic Apollo 11 crew, NASA veteran Michael Collins passed away today, April 28, 2021, at the age of 90.
Collins was born on Oct.31,1930, in Rome, Italy. His father, a career officer in the US. Army who'd go on to retire as a major general, was stationed there at the time. After his family returned stateside. Collins earned a Bachelor of Science degree from the US. Military Academy at West Point, graduating with the class of 1952. He then became an Air Force test pilot, which opened some interesting doors. In 1962, John Glenn became the first American to orbit the Earth. Glenn's achievement was an inspiration for Collins. "I certainly had no childhood dream of flying to the moon or anywhere else, but the idea was extremely appealing," Collins wrote in his autobiography Carrying the Fire: An Astronaut's Journeys. He was selected to join NASA's third class of astronauts the following year. His first extraterrestrial(地球外的) adventure came in 1966, when Collins set about on a three-day spaceflight with fellow astronaut John Young. Known as Gemini X, their mission was one for the record books; the two men reached the then-unprecedented(前所未有的) altitude of 475 miles(764 kilometers).
Of course, Michael Collins is best remembered for his role in Apollo 11. On July 16, 1969, at 8:32 am (Eastern Standard Time), Collins, Buzz Aldrin and Neil Armstrong were launched out of the Kennedy Space Center in Florida. They were the three explorers NASA had chosen for the first mission that would ever put a man on the moon. Four days into their adventure, on July 20, Collins parted ways with his crewmates. Seated in the Eagle landing craft, Armstrong and Aldrin made their landing onto the lunar surface. An American flag was planted; photos were taken. Armstrong said the immortal words, "One small step for man, one giant leap for mankind."
Meanwhile, Collins stayed behind in the crew's command module(舱), orbiting the moon as his colleagues explored it.
24. What motivated Collins to dream of flying to the moon
A. His father's encouragement. B. His favorite book.
C. His childhood experiences. D. John Glenn's achievement.
25. What can we learn about Collins from paragraph 2
A. He became the first American to orbit Earth.
B. He once wrote an autobiography.
C. His first space exploration was accomplished by himself.
D. He dreamed of flying to the moon in his childhood.
26. Why is Collins best-known to many people until now
A. He participated in the work of Apollo 11.
B. He became an Air Force test pilot.
C. He was praised by Armstrong.
D. He reached the then-unprecedented altitude of 475 miles.
27. Which word can be best used to describe Collins
A. Warmhearted. B. Lucky. C. Ambitious. D. Humorous.
C
Half of all Australian teens now spend more time, or as much time, online with their friends rather than seeing them in person. This is despite the fact that one third of boys and 42 percent of girls say social media makes hard times even more tough. Teenagers who went from using social media weekly to daily had a higher risk of depression and anxiety, the researchers found. New research from the Australian Institute of Family Studies has renewed concerns about the impact of screen time on teenagers' mental health.
The findings showed 46 per cent of 16-year-olds and 36 per cent of 14-year-olds spent the same time contacting friends via Snapchat, video gaming, Instagram or TikTok as seeing them face-to-face. The findings also showed 7 percent of 16-year-olds and 5 percent of 14-year-olds mainly interacted with friends electronically. The highest percentage of children who communicated with friends mostly via social media were 16-year-olds with autism (自闭症), the researchers found. The study, which has followed 10,000 children since 2004, surveyed 14 and 15-year-olds and 16 and 17-year-olds about the time they spent online.
Australian Institute of Family Studies researcher Pilar Rioseco said, "The platforms young people are using to commune have changed significantly and digital devices such as mobile phones have become more readily available to adolescents."
"The COVID-19 pandemic has changed the way that many young people connect, with many having to rely heavily on digital technologies to keep in touch with friends and family." Dr Rioseco also found that a quarter of teens were victims of cyber-bullying, including threats and name calling. A quarter of those with autism said being online made it easier to be themselves and almost half said being online helped them feel better during difficult times.
Dr Rioseco said online connection "appears to have benefits for some young people in terms of helping social connection and providing support during difficult times". "Providing young people with the skills to communicate safely online and deal with cyber-bullying is critical." she added.
28. What does the new research show
A. 36% of 14-year-olds mostly communicated with friends online.
B. 46% of 16-year-olds mostly communicated with friends online.
C. 36% of 14-year-olds spent equal time with friends online and offline.
D. 7% of 16-year-olds spent equal time with friends online and offline.
29. What can best replace the underlined word "commune" in paragraph 3
A. update B. defend C. learn D. connect
30. What may one-fourth teenagers with autism think of online connection
A. It is a main threat to them. B. It makes them at ease.
C. It cures them of the disease. D. It makes them experience more difficult times.
31. How can we help the teenagers according to Dr Rioseco
A. By teaching them to protect themselves online.
B. By allowing them to connect more online.
C. By providing them with more Internet languages.
D. By offering them more platforms to communicate.
D
Water shortage is occurring in some of the US' biggest freshwater reserves and it is also evident in other parts of the planet, according to a research study published in the journal Nature last month.
The research study was conducted by Xander Huggins, a PhD candidate at the University of Victoria and his fellow researchers.
The Earth has less than 3% freshwater with only 1% is accessible to the growing human population. Both natural freshwater reserves and freshwater in reservoirs may be at risk if their amount continues to drop and the population continues to increase. In 2021, there are approximately 7.9 billion people by January 31, according to the United States Census Bureau. The research study found 34 trends in terrestrial(地面上的) water reserves observed by the Gravity Recovery and Climate Experiment(GRACE) satellites from 2002 to 2016. These trends were acquired when the researchers examined 1,024 basins across the world with the goal of understanding how water availability couples with social processes in the community.
According to Huggins, the main factor they studied were freshwater stress, which is related to the amount of H2O that naturally leaves the watershed or basin per year. The higher the stress or exit of water from the basin means that there will be less water available for ecosystems and for people's demands, Huggins explains. The significance of the study can be of interest not only to water specialists and water conservators but also to government policy-makers. Huggins stated that after mapping the most high-risk freshwater sources and creating a framework to identify hotspot basins, policy makers will be able to prioritize a specific location.
Huggins shows that while the US score highly in terms of social adaptiveness based on the study's freshwater stress factor, the country has many freshwater concerns that goes the beyond between freshwater stress and freshwater storage. The states of Illinois and Ohio have the highest levels of lead(铅) pipes carrying water from freshwater basins to residential households. Meanwhile in Colorado, an estimate from the Colorado Water Center predicts there will be a 20% to 30% less water of the Colorado River Basin by 2050.
32. Why did Huggins and his team examine the basins all over the world
A. To understand how water availability is related with social processes.
B. To figure out the number of basins across the world.
C. To learn its pollution of the recent years across the world.
D. To settle the shortage of freshwater in the USA.
33. What does Huggins base his framework for high-risk freshwater sources on
A. Policy makers' requirements. B. People's demands.
C. His team's assumption. D. Freshwater stress.
34. What can be inferred about the freshwater in Illinois and Ohio
A. The water pipes are too expensive.
B. The storage of freshwater decreases most sharply.
C. The consumption of freshwater gives threats to food security.
D. The water carried to households may be polluted by lead.
35. What can be the best title for the text
A. These Are the Most Threatened Freshwater Reserves
B. The US Is Losing Some of Its Biggest Natural Reserves
C. We Are Facing Terrible Water Shortage on Some Biggest Freshwater Reserves
D. Water Crisis: Planet's Freshwater Reserves Are Seriously Polluted
答案：
湖南省32多所名校2021-2022学年高二下学期期末联考英语试题（解析版）
【答案】21. A 22. B 23. D
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇应用文。主要介绍了世界上4个高度知名的建筑奖项。
【21题详解】
细节理解题。根据Pritzker Architecture Prize部分中的“Founded in 1979 by the Pritzker family, and funded by their Hyatt Foundation(该项目于1979年由普利兹克家族发起，由他们的凯悦基金会资助)”可知，Pritzker Architecture Prize的特别之处是由一个家族建立的。故选A。
【22题详解】
细节理解题。根据Architecture MasterPrize部分中的“Established in 2016, the Architecture MasterPrize (AMP) was created to honor, celebrate and share the very best projects in the fields of architectural design, interior design, and landscape architecture.( 建筑大师奖(AMP)成立于2016年，旨在表彰、庆祝和分享建筑设计、室内设计和景观设计领域的最佳项目。)”可知，建筑大师奖是在21世界建立的。故选B。
【23题详解】
推理判断题。根据RIBA International Prizeb部分的“The latest winner of the RIBA International Prize, Children Village, by Aleph Zero and Rosenbaum of Brazil, demonstrates exactly what the RIBA jury is looking for-a project which fits its environment perfectly, achieving exactly what was needed in the brief but going beyond this, into those rare strata (层) of perfection.(由巴西的Aleph Zero和Rosenbaum设计的最新RIBA国际大奖得主“儿童村”，准确地展示了RIBA评审团所期待的——一个完全适合其环境的项目，实现了在简要中所需要的，但超越了这一点，进入那些罕见的完美层次。)可推断，如果一个人想赢得里巴国际奖，最应该考虑的是景观。故选D。
【答案】24. B 25. C 26. D 27. A
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇记叙文。主要讲述了中国医学科学家、药剂师和教育家屠呦呦发现青蒿素及青蒿素对于医学的重大作用。
【24题详解】
细节理解题。根据第一段“The discovery of artemisinin and its treatment of malaria are regarded as a significant breakthrough of tropical medicine in the 20th century and health improvement for people of tropical developing countries in South Asia, Africa, and South America.(青蒿素的发现及其对疟疾的治疗被认为是20世纪热带医学的重大突破，也是南亚、非洲和南美热带发展中国家人民健康改善的重大突破)”可知，青蒿素的发现对于热带地区的人们有益处。故选B项。
【25题详解】
主旨大意题。根据第二段“For her work, Tu received the 2011 Lasker Award in Clinical Medicine and the 2015 Nobel prize in Physiology or Medicine. The Nobel Committee puts Tu’s work well by writing: “Malaria infects close to 200 million individuals yearly. Artemisinin is used in all malaria-ridden parts of the world. When used in combination treatment, it is estimated to reduce the death rate from malaria by more than 20% overall and by more than 30% in children. For Africa alone, this means that more than 100,000 lives are saved each year.”(由于她的工作，屠获得了2011年拉斯克临床医学奖和2015年诺贝尔生理学或医学奖。诺贝尔委员会认为屠的工作很好：“疟疾每年感染近2亿人。青蒿素在世界上所有疟疾肆虐的地区都被使用。当用于联合治疗时，估计总体上可将疟疾死亡率降低20%以上，儿童死亡率降低30%以上。仅就非洲而言，这意味着每年就有10多万人获救。”)”可知，屠呦呦发现青蒿素，可以降低疟疾死亡率，拯救很多人的生命，所以本段主要讲述了屠呦呦的成就。故选C项。
【26题详解】
推理判断题。根据第三段“Not only is Tu the first Chinese Nobel laureate in natural science, but also the first Nobel laureate who received all scientific training in China. The award she won made Chinese scientists gain tremendous confidence.(屠不仅是中国第一位自然科学诺贝尔奖获得者，也是第一位在中国接受过所有科学训练的诺贝尔奖获得者。她获得的奖项使中国科学家获得了极大的信心)”可知，屠呦呦获得诺贝尔奖使中国科学家获得了极大的信心，为许多中国科学家树立了好的榜样。故选D项。
【27题详解】
推理判断题。根据最后一段““It is my dream that Chinese medicine will help us conquer life-threatening diseases worldwide, and people across the globe will enjoy its benefits for health promotion,” Tu wrote.(屠写道：“我的梦想是，中医药将帮助我们在全球范围内战胜威胁生命的疾病，全球人民将享受其促进健康的益处。”)”可知，屠呦呦在《自然》杂志上表述了中医药促进健康的作用，表达了她对于中医药的热情。故选A项。
【答案】28. D 29. C 30. B 31. A
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要讲的是自远古以来人类和绿色的联系，旨在告诉我们实现绿色和平的必要性。
【28题详解】
细节理解题。根据第一段“Over the last 50 years, the environmental movement has become so closely associated with the color green that it’s almost impossible to see a green poster, label or recycling bag without thinking about our plane’s future.(在过去的50年里，环保运动与绿色的联系如此紧密，以至于看到绿色海报、标签或回收袋时，几乎不可能不想到我们星球的未来。)”可知在过去50年里，环保运动让我们时刻关注着我们星球的未来，由此可知环保运动对我们星球的未来会产生影响。故选D。
【29题详解】
细节理解题。根据第二段“Unlike most mammals, which are red-green color blind, we developed a third cone cell. This additional photoreceptor (光感受器) enabled our ancestors to spot ripe red and yellow fruits against the green ones, and to distinguish different green leaves from each other. (与大多数红绿色盲的哺乳动物不同，我们进化出了第三种锥细胞。这个额外的感光细胞使我们的祖先能够在绿色水果和成熟的红色和黄色水果之间区分开来，并区分不同的绿叶。)”可知大多数哺乳动如因为缺乏第三种锥细胞才成为红绿色盲。故选C。
【30题详解】
推理判断题。第三段中的第二句“Jade, for instance, was used to make objects that would guarantee a successful harvest.( 例如，玉被用来制作保证丰收的物品。玛雅人就是因为这个原因把他们的领袖埋在玉面具下。)”是举例子来说明“All over the world, people shared feelings with nature through green materials.( 在世界各地，人们通过绿色材料分享与自然的感情。)”这一段落主题。故第三段是通过举例子的方式来陈述观点。故选B。
【31题详解】
词句猜测题。A. Crucial.至关重要的；B. Abstract.抽象的；C. Complex.复杂的；D. Distant.遥远的。由划线单词上文“While the future of our planet remains uncertain, many scientists are convinced that leaves will prove to be a decisive weapon in our battle against climate change. (虽然我们星球的未来仍然不确定，但许多科学家相信，树叶将被证明是我们对抗气候变化的......武器。)”和While可知，前后是转折关系，虽然科学家对星球的未来不确定，但是他们确定的是绿叶对星球是有好处的，他们相信在我们对抗气候变化方面，树叶的作用是至关重要的，故划线词具有“决定性的，至关重要的”这一含义与A项意思一样。故选A。
【答案】32. C 33. B 34. D 35. C
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了联合国环境规划署发布了一项报告，呼吁政府要注重对野火的防范。
【32题详解】
细节理解题。根据第二段“The paper calls for a complete change in government spending on wildfires, changing their investments from reaction and response to prevention and preparedness. (该文件呼吁彻底改变政府在野火方面的支出，将其投资从反应和应对改为预防和准备。)”可知，这份文件呼吁政府注重对野火的防范。故选C。
【33题详解】
推理判断题。根据第六段““Current government responses to wildfires are often putting money in the wrong place. Those emergency service workers and firefighters on the frontlines who are risking their lives to fight forest wildfires need to be supported. We have to reduce the risk of extreme wildfires by being better prepared: invest more in fire risk reduction, work with local communities, and strengthen global commitment to fight climate change.” said Inger Andersen, UNEP Executive Director. (执行主任Inger Andersen说，“当前政府对野火的应对措施经常把钱放错地方。需要支持那些冒着生命危险扑灭森林野火的一线应急服务人员和消防员。我们必须做好更好的准备，以减少极端野火的风险：在减少火灾风险方面加大投资，与当地社区合作，并加强全球承诺联合国环境规划署。)”可知，Inger Andersen认为当前政府对野火的应对措施往往是把钱用在了错误的地方。故Inger Andersen对目前政府所采取的措施持批评的态度。故选B。
【34题详解】
推理判断题。根据最后一段“Wildfires disproportionately(不成比例地) affect the world's poorest nations. With an impact that extends for days, weeks and even years after the flames die down, they block progress towards the Sustainable Development Goals and deepen social inequalities in some fields. (野火不成比例地影响着世界上最贫穷的国家。火焰熄灭后，其影响持续数天、数周甚至数年，阻碍了实现可持续发展目标的进展，加深了某些领域的社会不平等。)”可知，野火不成比例地影响世界上最贫困的国家，阻碍可持续发展目标的进展，并加剧社会某些领域的不平等。由此可推断，作者接下来很可能会谈论野火对不同领域所造成的不良影响。故选D。
【35题详解】
主旨大意题。根据第一段“Climate change and land-use change are projected to make wildfires more frequent and intense, with a global increase of extreme fires of up to 14 per cent by 2030, 30 per cent by the end of 2050 and 50 per cent by the end of the century, according to a new report by the UN Environment Programme (UNEP) and GRID-Arendal. (根据联合国环境规划署和全球资源信息数据库阿伦达尔的一份新报告，预计气候变化和土地使用变化将使野火更加频繁和强烈，到2030年全球极端火灾增加多达14%，到2050年底增加30%，到本世纪末增加50%)”以及第二段“The paper calls for a complete change in government spending on wildfires, changing their investments from reaction and response to prevention and preparedness. (该文件呼吁彻底改变政府在野火方面的支出，将其投资从反应和应对改为预防和准备。)”可知，文章介绍了联合国环境规划署发布的一项报告，旨在呼吁政府要注重对野火的防范。故选C。
湖南省湘东九校2021-2022学年高二下学期期末联考英语试题（解析版）
【答案】1. C 2. D 3. A
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇应用文，主要讲述了不同国家如何庆祝儿童节。
【1题详解】
细节理解题。根据Japan部分的“In Japan, Children’s Day is a national holiday called “Kodomo no Hi” and is celebrated every year on May 5th.(在日本，儿童节是一个全国性的节日，被称为“Kodomo no Hi”，在每年的5月5日庆祝。)”和Korea部分的“South Korea marks it on May 5th(韩国在5月5日庆祝儿童节)”可知，日本和韩国的儿童节都是在5月5日，故选C。
【2题详解】
细节理解题。根据India部分的“Special programs are held by the children themselves and the principals hand over a rose to every child.(孩子们自己举办特别的节目，校长会给每个孩子一朵玫瑰。)”可知，印度儿童节的特别之处在于在许多学校，每个孩子都能从校长那里得到一朵玫瑰花。故选D。
【3题详解】
推理判断题。根据题目“Celebrating Children’s Day in different countries(不同国家庆祝儿童节)”可知，本文讲述了不同国家如何庆祝儿童节，因此应该是来自杂志，故选A。
【答案】4. C 5. B 6. A 7. D
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇新闻报道。文章讲述了一位修自行车人，蔺庆刚，16年里为北大的师生修理了约500,000辆自行车，用自己的敬业与可靠赢得了北大师生的尊敬与认可。
【4题详解】
细节理解题。根据第二段第一句“Because students always come over to Lin’s shop to have their bicycles repaired before and after lunch and dinner breaks, the man is often busy during these hours. (因为学生们总是在午餐和晚餐休息的前后时间段来修理自行车，蔺师傅在这段时间经常很忙。)”，以及第三段“‘During the busiest time before the COVID-19 pandemic hit, I never had lunch on time, usually having supper at about 8 or 9 p.m., and sometimes even at 10 p.m.,’ Lin recalled, saying that he once repaired 180 bicycles on his busiest day. (‘在新冠肺炎疫情爆发前最忙的时候，我从来没有按时吃过午饭，晚饭通常在晚上8、9点左右吃，有时甚至在晚上10点，’林回忆说，他说他曾经在最忙的一天修理过180辆自行车。)”可知，学生们总是在午餐、晚餐前后的间隙时间来修理自行车，这段时间蔺师傅就会很忙，因此不能按时吃饭。故选C项。
【5题详解】
细节理解题。根据第四段“Lin’s services has won recognition from teachers and students at Peking University, who would often share food with him during holidays such as the Mid-Autumn Festival and the Dragon Boat Festival. Such gestures of goodwill have deeply touched Lin. (蔺的服务得到了北大师生的认可，他们经常在中秋节和端午节等节假日与他分享食物。这些善意的举动深深打动了蔺。)”可知，北大师生的善意感动了蔺。故选B项。
【6题详解】
细节理解题。根据最后一段第二句“He has gained the trust of teachers and students at Peking University with all the good qualities he possesses, including his dedication and reliability. (他以他所拥有的一切优秀品质，包括他的敬业和可靠，赢得了北大师生的信任。)”可知，蔺是一个敬业、可靠的人。故选A项。
【7题详解】
细节理解题。根据最后一段“Lin has repaired nearly 500,000 bicycles in 16 years. He has gained the trust of teachers and students at Peking University with all the good qualities he possesses, including his dedication and reliab