牛津译林版八年级上册Unit 7 Seasons单元话题短文首字母填空练习（含解析）
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| 名称 | 牛津译林版八年级上册Unit 7 Seasons单元话题短文首字母填空练习（含解析） |  | |
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Unit 7 Seasons
单元话题短文首字母填空练习
（2022·江苏南京·八年级期末）请根据短文内容和首字母提示，填写所缺单词。
Fall（秋天）has finally arrived. The weather is getting a bit cold and the leaves are changing their colors. Before we know it, the l____1____ signs（迹象）of summer will be gone. Each country has its own way to celebrate fall. China celebrates the Mid-Autumn Festival every year. During this holiday, it is a tradition for f____2____ to get together to enjoy the moon and eat mooncakes. Do other countries have fall traditions The US has many, in fact. F____3____ enjoying colorful leaves to picking up apples, fall is a fun time in this country.
When fall a____4____, the leaves of different kinds of trees change their colors quietly. Some will turn bright red, while others will be yellow or green. In some parts of the US, it is popular to have a “color t____5____”. Families will get in their cars and drive around the countryside（乡村）, l____6____ at all the beautiful colors of the trees.
As the leaves change color, they also f____7____ to the ground and make the yards messy. People have to rake（用耙子耙）their yards to keep them c____8____. They will rake these leaves into piles（堆）and kids can then j____9____ into the leaves to play. It’s quite interesting!
Apple picking is another family tradition for many American families. Outside New York city, owners of farms and orchards often invite customers（顾客）to “pick your o____10____”. Customers will be charged（收费）by weight when they leave. This apple picking activity gives families a good chance to experience farm life. Apple pie, spiced apple cider（苹果酒）and all varieties of apple-related products are more common in stores and cafes during fall.
（2022·江苏南京·八年级期末）根据短文内容及首字母提示填写所缺单词。
Taking public transport, making payments online or just walking around—these daily activities can help turn China’s deserts into forests if you are using Ant Forest.
Ant Forest is a feature in the Alipay mobile payment app. It records users’ low-carbon activities—taking a bus to work i___11___ of driving, for example—and gives users “green energy”. When a user’s green energy gets high e___12___, Ant Forest and its partners will plant a real tree for that person.
Ant Forest r___13___ the 2019 Champions of the Earth award（地球卫士奖）, the UN’s highest environmental honor, for encouraging people to live greener lifestyles and protect the environment.
S___14___ its launch（发起）in August 2016, Ant Forest and its partners have planted some 122 million trees in China’s driest areas, which include regions in Inner Mongolia, Gansu, Qinghai and Shanxi, reported Xinhua News Agency. The trees c___15___ an area of 112,000 hectares（公顷）. The project has become China’s largest private-sector tree-planting initiative（倡议）.
This is only part of China’s efforts to make Earth g___16___. In 1978, China began a national-level forestation（造林）project—the Three North Shelterbelt Forest Program, also known as the “Great Green Wall”. The program has improved living conditions and d___17___ local business, according to China Daily.
It’s reported the forest coverage rate（覆盖率）among the regions of the project r___18___ 13.57 percent in 2017, compared to 5.05 percent 40 years ago.
In light of China’s success against desertification（沙漠化）, the United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP) believes the country is a good e___19___ for others to follow.
“China is one of the most s___20___ countries in greening the desert and has lessons to share with the world.” former UNEP Executive Director Erik Solheim told Xinhua.
（2021·江苏·南京第五初中八年级阶段练习）根据短文内容及首字母提示，填写所缺单词。
Dear Peter,
I’m glad to r____21____ your letter. Now I’d like to tell you something about the smog (雾霾).
Since the winter last year, the smog has t____22____ place for several times. It has done great harm to our d____23____ life. Many traffic accidents happened just because of the heavy smog, more and more people have to go to see the doctor because the s____24____ disease caused by the smog. Quite a lot of flights have to be put off, a great number of people have to stay at home for fear of the poisonous air caused by the smog.
People have r____25____ the great harm caused by the smog and the importance of p____26____ the environment. People all over the country are taking action to reduce the smog weather. The government suggests (建议) people go to work or school with the p____27____ traffic, such as the bus and the underground. Also we should p____28____ more trees.
According to me, I will go to school by bike or on foot, and I won’t throw the waste a____29____. Moreover, I will tell the people who I meet to protect the environment as p____30____ as they can. Would you like to tell me some good ideas I’m looking forward to your reply.
Yours,
Wang Hua
（2021·江苏·南京市第二十九中学八年级阶段练习）请根据短文内容及首字母提示，填写所缺单词。
Can trees talk Yes, but not in w____31____. Scientists have reason to believe that trees c____32____ with each other. Not long ago, researches learned some surprising things. First a willow tree attacked(攻击) in the woods by caterpillars(毛虫) changed the chemistry of i____33____ leaves and made them taste so terrible that they got tired of the leaves and stopped e____34____ them. Then even more astonishing, the tree sent out a special smell—a signal (信号) causing its neighbors to c____35____ the chemistry of their own leaves and make them l____36____ tasty.
Communication, of course, doesn’t need to be in words. We can talk to each other by s____37____, raising our shoulders and moving our hands. We know that birds and a____38____ use a whole vocabulary of songs, sounds, and movements. Bees dance their signals, flying in certain patterns that tell other bees w____39____ they can find nectar (花蜜) for honey. So why shouldn’t trees have ways o_____40_____ sending message
（2021·江苏·镇江新区教育发展中心八年级阶段练习）根据短文内容和首字母提示，在下文空格处填入适当的词使短文完整，每空一词。
It’s very important that we all recycle. In nature, everything is used again. For example, when an animal dies, it becomes a____41____ animal’s food. Nothing is u____42____. But humans have created things like plastic bags which can’t be broken down by nature. Our rubbish kills animals and brings a lot of p____43____. If we c____44____ making too much rubbish, the situation will only get w____45____. If nature can’t reuse the rubbish, we must recycle it. We should c____46____ up the rubbish we’ve made because nature can’t.
Recycling is a____47____ the right thing to do for another reason. The Earth is r____48____ in natural materials like water and trees, but these materials are not endless. We use up our natural materials much faster than the Earth is able to reproduce them. For example, each year we cut down more than 6, 000 square miles of forest. But it t____49____ about 25 years for a new tree to grow.
Recycling can help us s_____50_____ the Earth, so let’s take action right now.
（2020·江苏·南通市启秀中学八年级期中）Fifty years ago, China launched (发射) its first satellite (人造卫星), Dongfanghong 1. To mark its 50th anniversary, China announced (宣布) the name for its Mars (火星) planetary exploration (探测) program on April 24.
The mission (任务), Tianwen (天问), g____51____its name from a long poem Tianwen written by Qu Yuan, a famous p____52____of the Warring States Period. In the poem, Qu raised a s____53____of questions about the sky, stars, natural myths and the real world, showing his doubts on traditional ideas and his pursuit (追求) of truth.
China has made great progress in space exploration. In 1970, China launched its first man-made Earth satellite, becoming the f____54____country in the world to launch man-made satellites independently (独立地) after the Soviet Union, the USA, France and Japan. O____55____the past few years, China’s missions, including the Shenzhou and Change’s series were designed to explore outer space.
This time, the Tianwen series will c____56____out the first Mars exploration mission in 2020. Experts consider it the start of China’s exploration of Mars.
Tianwen represents (体现) Chinese people’s p____57____of truth, the country’s cultural inheritance (继承) to explore nature and the universe, as w____58____as the unending explorations in science and technology.
Indeed, with the name’s deep roots (根源) in Chinese traditional culture (文化), it has been widely accepted among the p____59____. Tianwen shows the determination (决心) and perseverance (坚持) of Chinese people to move f____60____into deep space.
（2020·江苏南京·八年级期末）请根据短文内容及首字母提示，填写所缺单词。
Holmes and I walked slowly across the moor (荒野). In the evening sunlight the autumn c____61____ on the hills were beautiful-reds and browns and yellows.
But Holmes saw nothing of that. “So, Watson,” he said, “let’s forget John Straker for a minute, and think about the h____62____. Let’s say that Silver Blaze runs away after the killing. Here he is, out on the cold wet moor. What does he do next ”
“He looks for a nice w____63____ stable (马厩),” I said, “with food and water.”
“Right, Watson. He did not go back to King’s Pyland, we know that, but there is a____64____ stable not far away, at Capleton. M____65____ he went there. And the way to Capleton is down this hill. Let’s go!”
We walked quickly down the hill, and at the foot we found a small r____66____ and some very wet ground.
“Wonderful,” said Holmes. “I wanted mud, and here it is. You f____67____ the left side of the river, we’re looking for the tracks (足迹) of horseshoes.”
We found t____68____ after only fifty metres. Holmes took the horseshoe out of his pocket and put it next to the tracks. “Yes, that’s Silver Blaze, there are no q____69____ about it.”
We followed the tracks easily, then lost them for a time, but f____70____ them again two hundred metres from the Capleton stables.
“Here they are,” I cried. “And look—there’s another track here, of a man’s shoe.”
参考答案：
1．(l)ast 2．(f)amilies 3．(F)rom 4．(a)rrives 5．(t)rip 6．(l)ooking 7．(f)all 8．(c)lean 9．(j)ump 10．(o)wn
【导语】本文主要讲述了秋天的一些变化以及人们的活动。
1．句意：在我们还没注意到改变之前，夏天的最后迹象将消失。此空为形容词作定语修饰名词，根据“The weather is getting a bit cold and the leaves are changing their colors.”可知此处指夏天最后的迹象，last表示“最后的”。故填(l)ast。
2．句意：在这个节日里，家人聚在一起赏月、吃月饼是一种传统。根据“Mid-Autumn Festival”和常识可知，应该是“家人们”在一起赏月。families表示“家人”，复数概念。故填(f)amilies。
3．句意：从欣赏五颜六色的树叶到摘苹果，秋天在这个国家是一段有趣的时光。from...to...表示“从……到……”。故填(F)rom。
4．句意：当秋天来临时，各种各样的树的叶子悄悄地改变颜色。根据“the leaves of different kinds of trees change their colors quietly. Some will turn bright red, while others will be yellow or green.”可知此处介绍秋天来临时，叶子颜色的变化。arrive表示“到达”，fall作主语，谓语动词用第三人称单数形式。故填(a)rrives。
5．句意：在美国的一些地方，进行一次“色彩之旅”很受欢迎。根据“Families will get in their cars and drive around the countryside（乡村）, ...at all the beautiful colors of the trees.”可知，此处应该是色彩“之旅”。trip表示“旅行”，a后接可数名词单数。故填(t)rip。
6．句意：各家各户都会开着车在乡村里转悠，看着五颜六色的树木。look at表示“看”，此处用动名词形式作状语。故填(l)ooking。
7．句意：随着树叶变色，它们也落到地上，使院子变得凌乱。根据“People have to rake（用耙子耙）their yards to keep them...”可知秋天叶子会落到地上。fall表示“落下”，此句为一般现在时，主语为they，动词用原形。故填(f)all。
8．句意：人们必须用耙子耙院子以保持干净。keep sth adj表示“保持某物怎么样”，形容词作宾补；根据“People have to rake（用耙子耙）their yards”可知，用耙子耙院子会使院子变干净，clean表示“干净的”。故填(c)lean。
9．句意：他们将这些树叶耙成一堆，然后孩子们可以跳进树叶里玩耍。根据“They will rake these leaves into piles”可推断，孩子们应该是“跳”进树叶里玩。jump表示“跳”，can后接动词原形。故填(j)ump。
10．句意：在纽约城外，农场和果园的主人经常邀请顾客“采摘”。根据“Customers will be charged（收费）by weight when they leave.”可知这是采摘，自己采摘，your own表示“你自己”。故填(o)wn。
11．(i)nstead 12．(e)nough 13．(r)eceived 14．(S)ince 15．(c)over 16．(g)reen 17．(d)eveloped 18．(r)aised 19．(e)xample 20．(s)uccessful
【导语】本文主要介绍了支付宝中蚂蚁森林，介绍蚂蚁森林如何运行以及带来的影响等，它通过记录人们低碳行为获得的绿色能量，在干旱地区种植真实的树，以此鼓励人们用以绿色的生活方式保护环境。
11．句意：例如，乘坐公共汽车而不是开车上班。根据“It records users’ low-carbon activities—taking a bus to work ...of driving”可知，蚂蚁森林提倡低碳活动，所以是乘坐公交而不是开车，instead of“而不是”，故填(i)nstead。
12．句意：当用户的绿色能量足够高时，蚂蚁森林及其合作伙伴将为该用户种植一棵真正的树。根据“When a user’s green energy gets high ..., Ant Forest and its partners will plant a real tree for that person.”可知，攒取足够高的绿色能量，就会种一颗真树，enough“足够”，修饰high，故填(e)nough。
13．句意：蚂蚁森林因鼓励人们过更绿色的生活方式，保护环境，获得了联合国最高环保荣誉——2019年地球冠军奖。根据“Ant Forest ...the 2019 Champions of the Earth award”可知，获得奖项，receive“获得”，时态是一般过去时，动词用过去式，故填(r)eceived。
14．句意：据新华社报道，自2016年8月成立以来，蚂蚁森林及其合作伙伴已经在中国最干旱地区种植了约1.22亿棵树，包括内蒙古、甘肃、青海和山西等地区。根据“Ant Forest and its partners have planted some 122 million trees in China’s driest areas”可知，“since+过去时间点”常与现在完成时连用，since“自从”，句首需大写首字母，故填(S)ince。
15．句意：树木覆盖面积为11.2万公顷。根据“The trees....an area of 112,000 hectares.”及首字母可知，此处指“覆盖面积”，cover“覆盖”，时态是一般现在时，主语是复数，d故填(c)over。
16．句意：这只是中国绿化地球努力的一部分。根据“This is only part of China’s efforts to make Earth ....”及首字母可知，是中国绿化地球，green“绿色的”，作宾语补足语，故填(g)reen。
17．句意：据《中国日报》报道，该项目改善了当地的生活条件，发展了当地的商业。根据“.....local business”及首字母可知，是发展当地商业，develope“发展”，时态是现在完成时，空处用过去分词。故填(d)eveloped。
18．句意：据报道，2017年，该项目区域的森林覆盖率提高了13.57%，而40年前为5.05%。根据“It’s reported the forest coverage rate among the regions of the project r...13.57 percent in 2017, compared to 5.05 percent 40 years ago.”可知，森林覆盖率提高了，raise“提高”，时态是一般过去时，动词用过去式，故填(r)aised。
19．句意：鉴于中国在防治荒漠化方面取得的成功，联合国环境规划署认为中国是其他国家学习的好榜样。根据“the United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP) believes the country is a good ....for others to follow.”可知，中国是其他国家学习的好榜样，example“榜样，例子”，此前有a修饰，使用名词单数形式，故填(e)xample。
20．句意：中国是沙漠绿化最成功的国家之一，有经验可以与世界分享。根据“China is one of the most s...countries in greening the desert and has lessons to share with the world.”可知，中国早沙漠绿化这一方面是成功的，successful“成功的”，与空前the most形成最高级，在句中作定语修饰countries，故填(s)uccessful。
21．(r)eceive 22．(t)aken 23．(d)aily 24．(s)erious 25．(r)ealized 26．(p)rotecting 27．(p)ublic 28．(p)lant 29．(a)nywhere 30．(p)ossible
【导语】本文是王华给彼得的一封回信。内容是双方共同关心的雾霾天气带给人们的危害，以及就这一现象所提供的一些基本的建议。
21．句意：很高兴收到你的来信。根据“your letter”及首字母提示可知，此处是receive“收到”，根据“I’m glad to”可知，此处是be glad to do sth.，动词用原形，故填(r)eceive。
22．句意：自从去年冬天以来，雾霾已经发生了好几次。根据“place for several times”及首字母提示可知，此处是take place“发生”，空前有has，此处动词用过去分词，构成现在完成时的结构，故填(t)aken。
23．句意：它对我们的日常生活造成了极大的危害。结合常识及首字母提示可知，雾霾对日常生活造成了影响，daily“日常的”，形容词，作定语修饰其后的名词life，故填(d)aily。
24．句意：许多交通事故的发生就是因为严重的雾霾，越来越多的人因为雾霾引起的严重疾病，不得不去看医生。空处修饰其后的名词“disease”，结合“more and more people have to go to see the doctor”及首字母提示可知，此处指的是“得了严重的疾病”，serious“严重的”，故填(s)erious。
25．句意：人们已经意识到雾霾造成的极大危害以及保护环境的重要性。根据“the great harm caused by the smog and the importance of...the environment.”及首字母提示可知，人们已经意识到这个问题了，realize“意识到”，根据have可知，此处用过去分词构成现在完成时结构，故填(r)ealized。
26．句意：人们已经意识到雾霾造成的极大危害以及保护环境的重要性。根据“ the importance of...the environment.”及首字母提示可知，人们知道了保护环境的重要性，protect“保护”，动词，of后接动名词形式，故填(p)rotecting。
27．句意：政府建议人们乘坐公交车和地铁等公共交通工具上班或上学。根据“such as the bus and the underground”及首字母提示可知，此处指的是“公共交通”，public“公共的”，形容词，作定语修饰其后的名词traffic，故填(p)ublic。
28．句意：我们还应该种更多的树。根据“more trees”及首字母提示可知，此处指的是“种树”，plant“种植”，动词，情态动词should后接动词原形，故填(p)lant。
29．句意：我将骑自行车或步行上学，我不会随地扔垃圾。根据“I won’t throw the waste”及首字母提示可知，此处指的是“不会把垃圾丢的到处都是”，anywhere“任何地方”，故填(a)nywhere。
30．句意：我会告诉我遇到的人尽可能地保护环境。根据“ as...as they can”及首字母提示可知，此处是as possible as sb can“尽可能”，故填(p)ossible。
31．(w)ords 32．(c)ommunicate 33．(i)ts 34．(e)ating 35．(c)hange 36．(l)ess 37．(s)miling 38．(a)nimals 39．(w)here 40．(o)f
【导语】本文讲述了柳树通过发出一种特别水蒸气来同邻居进行交流。作者认为像人类微笑，鸟儿唱歌，蜜蜂跳舞一样，树也有传送信息的方式。
31．句意：是的，但不是说出来的。根据“Can trees talk Yes, but not in w...”可知，树木会交谈，但不是以话语的形式，word“话语”符合语境，此处表示复数含义，使用名词复数形式，故填(w)ords。
32．句意：科学家们有理由相信树木可以相互交流。根据“Scientists have reason to believe that trees c...with each other.”可知，树木可以相互交流，communicate with“和……交流”，故填(c)ommunicate。
33．句意：首先，在树林里，一棵被毛毛虫袭击的柳树改变了叶子的化学成分，使它们变得如此可怕，以至于它们厌倦了叶子，不再吃它们。根据“First a willow tree attacked(攻击) in the woods by caterpillars(毛虫) changed the chemistry of i...leaves”可知，此处这棵柳树，用形容词性物主代词its修饰leaves，故填(i)ts。
34．句意：首先，在树林里，一棵被毛毛虫袭击的柳树改变了叶子的化学成分，使它们变得如此可怕，以至于它们厌倦了叶子，不再吃它们。根据“made them taste so terrible that they got tired of the leaves and stopped e... them”可知，是让毛毛虫不吃自己的叶子，eat“吃”，用于“stop doing sth”短语中，表示“停止做某事”，故填(e)ating。
35．句意：更让人吃惊的是，这棵树会发出一种特殊的气味，这是一种信号，它的邻居会改变自己叶子的化学成分，让叶子变得不那么好吃。根据“a signal (信号) causing its neighbors to c...the chemistry of their own leaves”可知，周围的树会改变自己叶子的化学成分，change“改变”符合语境，用于不定式结构中，故填(c)hange。
36．句意：更让人吃惊的是，这棵树会发出一种特殊的气味，这是一种信号，它的邻居会改变自己叶子的化学成分，让叶子变得不那么好吃。根据“make them l...tasty”和前文可知，为了不让虫子吃自己的叶子，所以是让叶子变得不那么好吃，用less修饰tasty，故填(l)ess。
37．句意：我们可以通过微笑，抬起我们的肩膀和移动我们的手彼此交谈。根据“Communication, of course, doesn’t need to be in words. We can talk to each other by s..., raising our shoulders and moving our hands.”可知，交流可以不用语言，结合首字母，smile“微笑”符合语境，介词by后加动名词作宾语，故填(s)miling。
38．句意：我们知道，鸟类和动物使用一套完整的词汇，包括歌曲、声音和动作。根据“We know that birds and a...use a whole vocabulary of songs, sounds, and movements.”可知，鸟类和动物使用一套完整的词汇，animal“动物”符合语境，此处表示复数含义，使用名词复数形式，故填(a)nimals。
39．句意：蜜蜂跳舞发出信号，以特定的模式飞行，告诉其他蜜蜂在哪里可以找到花蜜。根据“tell other bees w...they can find nectar (花蜜) for honey”可知，告诉其他蜜蜂在哪里可以找到花蜜，where“哪里”符合语境，故填(w)here。
40．句意：那么，树木为什么不能有传递信息的方式呢？根据“So why shouldn’t trees have ways o...sending message ”可知，此处是ways of doing sth短语，意为“做某事的方法”，故填(o)f。
41．(a)nother 42．(u)seless 43．(p)ollution##(p)roblems 44．(c)ontinue 45．(w)orse 46．(c)lean 47．(a)lso 48．(r)ich 49．(t)akes 50．(s)ave
【分析】这篇短文主要讲述了人类活动对自然环境造成了哪些伤害，并详细分析了我们为什么要保护环境，同时告诉大家回收利用可以帮助我们拯救地球，号召大家马上行动起来。
41．句意：例如，当一个动物死了，它就会变成了另一个动物的食物。根据“In nature, everything is used again...when an animal dies, it becomes... animal’s food.”结合常识可知，大自然中每件东西都会再利用，动物也一样，此处指一个动物死了之后会变成另一个动物的食物。another表示“另一个”，后跟名词单词，符合语境。故填(a)nother。
42．句意：没有东西是没用的。根据“In nature, everything is used again.”可知自然界事物都可以再利用，也就是没有东西是没用的，useless表示“无用的”。故填(u)seless。
43．句意：我们的垃圾杀死很多动物，带来很多污染/问题。根据“ But humans have created things like plastic bags which can’t be broken down by nature. ”可知塑料之类的垃圾在自然中很难降解，会造成很多污染，杀死动物后也会带来很多问题。pollution表示“污染”，不可数名词；problem“问题”，可数名词，a lot of后跟可数名词复数。故填(p)ollution/(p)roblems。
44．句意：如果我们继续制造太多垃圾，处境将会变得更糟。根据“making too much rubbish”及首字母可知，此处指“继续制造垃圾”，continue doing sth表示“继续做某事”，符合语境。故填(c)ontinue。
45．句意：如果我们继续制造太多垃圾，处境将会变得更糟。get为连系动词，后接形容词作表语。根据“If we continue making too much rubbish...”可知如果制造太多的垃圾，处境会变得更糟，与之前相比更糟，worse“更糟的”。故填(w)orse。
46．句意：我们应该清理我们制造的垃圾，因为自然不能。根据“... up the rubbish we’ve made ”可知，此处考查动词短语clean up，表示“清理”，情态动词should后接动词原形。故填(c)lean。
47．句意：另一个原因是，回收也是要做的正确的事。根据“... for another reason. ”可知此处指回收的另一个原因，also表示“也”。故填(a)lso。
48．句意：地球富含像水和树一样的自然资源，但是这些资源不是无穷尽的。be rich in表示“富含”，固定短语。故填(r)ich。
49．句意：但是一个新树的生长需要约25年。此处描绘事实，用一般现在时，it takes+时间+to do sth表示“做某事花费多长时间”。故填(t)akes。
50．句意：回收能帮助我们拯救地球，奥义让我们马上行动起来。help sb do sth表示“帮助某人做某事”，回收是拯救地球，save表示“拯救”。故填(s)ave。
51．(g)ot 52．(p)oet 53．(s)eries 54．(f)ifth 55．(O)ver 56．(c)arry 57．(p)ursuit 58．(w)ell 59．(p)ublic 60．(f)urther
【分析】本文是新闻报道，介绍了执行中国首次火星探测任务的“天问”探测器的相关情况，彰显了中国人深入太空的决心和毅力。
51．句意：“天问”任务得名于战国时期著名诗人屈原的一首长诗《天问》。设空处作谓语，需填动词；根据下文“its name from a long poem Tianwen”和首字母提示，可知是说“天问”这个名字是从古代的《天问》诗歌得到的，get表示“得到”符合语境；句子陈述过去的事情用一般过去时，动词需用过去式，故填(g)ot。
52．句意：“天问”任务得名于战国时期著名诗人屈原的一首长诗《天问》。根据上文“from a long poem”和首字母提示，可知《天问》是一首著名的诗歌，poet表示“诗歌”符合语境，故填(p)oet。
53．句意：在诗中，屈原提出了一系列关于天空、星星、自然神话和现实世界的问题，显示了他对传统观念的怀疑和对真理的追求。根据下文“questions about the sky, stars, natural myths and the real world”和首字母提示，可知是一系列问题，series表示“系列”符合语境；结合语境可知用复数形式，故填(s)eries。
54．句意：1970年，中国发射了第一颗人造地球卫星，成为继苏联、美国、法国和日本之后世界上第五个独立发射人造卫星的国家。定冠词the修饰序数词，根据下文“to launch man-made satellites independently after the Soviet Union, the USA, France and Japan”和首字母提示，可知中国是第五个独立发射人造卫星的国家，fifth表示“第五”符合语境，故填(f)ifth。
55．句意：在过去的几年里，中国的任务，包括神舟飞船和嫦娥系列飞船，都是为了探索外太空。根据题干“…the past few years”和首字母提示，可知说的是过去的几年，over表示“多于”符合语境；位于句首需大写首字母，故填(O)ver。
56．句意：这一次，“天问”系列将在2020年执行首次火星探测任务。根据题干“This time, the Tianwen series will…out the first Mars exploration mission in 2020”和首字母提示，可知是说“‘天问’系列将第一次实施火星探测”，carry out表示“实施”符合语境；will后接原形动词，故填(c)arry。
57．句意：“天问”代表着中国人对真理的追求，代表着国家探索自然和宇宙的文化传承，代表着对科学技术的无止境探索。pursuit of sth.追求某物；根据下文“the country’s cultural inheritance to explore nature and the universe”和首字母提示，可知这里是说“‘天问’代表着中国人对真理的追求”，pursuit表示“追求”符合语境，故填(p)ursuit。
58．句意：“天问”代表着中国人对真理的追求，代表着国家探索自然和宇宙的文化传承，代表着对科学技术的无止境探索。结合语境和首字母提示，可知“天问”还代表了中国人对科学技术的不停探索，as well as表示“以及/除了……还”符合语境，故填(w)ell。
59．句意：事实上，由于这个名字深深植根于中国传统文化，它已经被公众广泛接受。定冠词the后接名词，根据上文“with the name’s deep roots in Chinese traditional culture”和首字母提示，可知是说“天问”被公众接受，public表示“公众”符合语境，故填(p)ublic。
60．句意：“天问”展现了中国人深入太空的决心和毅力。根据题干“to move…into deep space”和首字母提示，可知是说向外太空不断迈进，further表示“(空间距离)较远”符合语境，故填(f)urther。
61．(c)olors 62．(h)orse 63．(w)arm 64．(a)nother 65．(M)aybe 66．(r)iver 67．(f)ollow 68．(t)hem 69．(q)uestions 70．(f)ound
【分析】本文是记叙文，节选自《福尔摩斯探案集》，短文主要讲了福尔摩斯寻找赛马的故事。
61．句意：在夕阳的照耀下，山上秋天的颜色是美丽的——红色、棕色和黄色。根据下文“reds and browns and yellows”和首字母提示，可知是说有多种颜色很美丽，colors“颜色”符合语境，故填(c)olors。
62．句意：让我们暂时忘掉约翰·斯特拉克，想想那匹马吧。由下文的stable和首字母提示，可知horse“马”符合语境；空前有定冠词the，特指那匹马，需用单数形式，故填(h)orse。
63．句意：“他在找一个好的温暖的马厩，”我说，“里面有食物和水。”根据上文“Here he is, out on the cold wet moor. What does he do next”和首字母提示，可知应该找一个暖和的地方，warm“温暖的”符合语境，故填(w)arm。
64．句意：我们知道，他并没有回到国王的皮兰德，但不远处还有一座马厩，在卡普顿。根据题干“there is…stable not far away, at Capleton”和首字母提示，结合上文提到在寻找温暖的马厩，可知这里是说不远处有另一个马厩，another“另一个/再一个”符合语境，故填(a)nother。
65．句意：也许他去那儿了。根据下文“And the way to Capleton is down this hill. Let’s go”和首字母提示，可知推测Silver Blaze去了卡普顿，maybe“或许”表猜测，符合语境；位于句首需大写首字母，故填(M)aybe。
66．句意：我们快速地走下山坡，在山脚下我们发现了一条小河和一些非常潮湿的地面。根据下文“the left side of the river”和首字母提示，可知发现了一条小河，river“河流”符合语境；不定冠词a修饰单数名词，故填(r)iver。
67．句意：你顺着河的左边走，我们在找马蹄铁留下的痕迹。根据题干“You…the left side of the river, we’re looking for the tracks of horseshoes”，可知需要填入一个动词表示“沿着河走”, 结合首字母提示，follow“跟随”符合语境；本句相当于建议是一般现在时态，主语you是第二人称，动词用原形，故填(f)ollow。
68．句意：我们只走了五十米就找到了它们。设空处作动词found的宾语，根据题干“We found…after only fifty metres”和首字母提示，可知是说找到了Silver Blaze它们，宾格代词them符合语境，故填(t)hem。
69．句意：是的，那是Silver Blaze，这是毫无疑问的。根据上文的判断“Yes, that’s Silver Blaze”，结合首字母提示，可知找到了Silver Blaze，是没有任何问题的，question“问题”符合语境；there be结构遵循就近原则，由are可知用复数形式，故填(q)uestions。
70．句意：我们很容易地循着足迹走了一段时间，然后又在离卡普顿马厩两百米远的地方找到了它们。but表转折，根据上文“We followed the tracks easily, then lost them for a time”和首字母提示，可知终于找到了它们，find“找到”符合语境；结合短文时态是一般过去时，动词用过去式，故填(f)ound。
单元话题短文首字母填空练习
（2022·江苏南京·八年级期末）请根据短文内容和首字母提示，填写所缺单词。
Fall（秋天）has finally arrived. The weather is getting a bit cold and the leaves are changing their colors. Before we know it, the l____1____ signs（迹象）of summer will be gone. Each country has its own way to celebrate fall. China celebrates the Mid-Autumn Festival every year. During this holiday, it is a tradition for f____2____ to get together to enjoy the moon and eat mooncakes. Do other countries have fall traditions The US has many, in fact. F____3____ enjoying colorful leaves to picking up apples, fall is a fun time in this country.
When fall a____4____, the leaves of different kinds of trees change their colors quietly. Some will turn bright red, while others will be yellow or green. In some parts of the US, it is popular to have a “color t____5____”. Families will get in their cars and drive around the countryside（乡村）, l____6____ at all the beautiful colors of the trees.
As the leaves change color, they also f____7____ to the ground and make the yards messy. People have to rake（用耙子耙）their yards to keep them c____8____. They will rake these leaves into piles（堆）and kids can then j____9____ into the leaves to play. It’s quite interesting!
Apple picking is another family tradition for many American families. Outside New York city, owners of farms and orchards often invite customers（顾客）to “pick your o____10____”. Customers will be charged（收费）by weight when they leave. This apple picking activity gives families a good chance to experience farm life. Apple pie, spiced apple cider（苹果酒）and all varieties of apple-related products are more common in stores and cafes during fall.
（2022·江苏南京·八年级期末）根据短文内容及首字母提示填写所缺单词。
Taking public transport, making payments online or just walking around—these daily activities can help turn China’s deserts into forests if you are using Ant Forest.
Ant Forest is a feature in the Alipay mobile payment app. It records users’ low-carbon activities—taking a bus to work i___11___ of driving, for example—and gives users “green energy”. When a user’s green energy gets high e___12___, Ant Forest and its partners will plant a real tree for that person.
Ant Forest r___13___ the 2019 Champions of the Earth award（地球卫士奖）, the UN’s highest environmental honor, for encouraging people to live greener lifestyles and protect the environment.
S___14___ its launch（发起）in August 2016, Ant Forest and its partners have planted some 122 million trees in China’s driest areas, which include regions in Inner Mongolia, Gansu, Qinghai and Shanxi, reported Xinhua News Agency. The trees c___15___ an area of 112,000 hectares（公顷）. The project has become China’s largest private-sector tree-planting initiative（倡议）.
This is only part of China’s efforts to make Earth g___16___. In 1978, China began a national-level forestation（造林）project—the Three North Shelterbelt Forest Program, also known as the “Great Green Wall”. The program has improved living conditions and d___17___ local business, according to China Daily.
It’s reported the forest coverage rate（覆盖率）among the regions of the project r___18___ 13.57 percent in 2017, compared to 5.05 percent 40 years ago.
In light of China’s success against desertification（沙漠化）, the United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP) believes the country is a good e___19___ for others to follow.
“China is one of the most s___20___ countries in greening the desert and has lessons to share with the world.” former UNEP Executive Director Erik Solheim told Xinhua.
（2021·江苏·南京第五初中八年级阶段练习）根据短文内容及首字母提示，填写所缺单词。
Dear Peter,
I’m glad to r____21____ your letter. Now I’d like to tell you something about the smog (雾霾).
Since the winter last year, the smog has t____22____ place for several times. It has done great harm to our d____23____ life. Many traffic accidents happened just because of the heavy smog, more and more people have to go to see the doctor because the s____24____ disease caused by the smog. Quite a lot of flights have to be put off, a great number of people have to stay at home for fear of the poisonous air caused by the smog.
People have r____25____ the great harm caused by the smog and the importance of p____26____ the environment. People all over the country are taking action to reduce the smog weather. The government suggests (建议) people go to work or school with the p____27____ traffic, such as the bus and the underground. Also we should p____28____ more trees.
According to me, I will go to school by bike or on foot, and I won’t throw the waste a____29____. Moreover, I will tell the people who I meet to protect the environment as p____30____ as they can. Would you like to tell me some good ideas I’m looking forward to your reply.
Yours,
Wang Hua
（2021·江苏·南京市第二十九中学八年级阶段练习）请根据短文内容及首字母提示，填写所缺单词。
Can trees talk Yes, but not in w____31____. Scientists have reason to believe that trees c____32____ with each other. Not long ago, researches learned some surprising things. First a willow tree attacked(攻击) in the woods by caterpillars(毛虫) changed the chemistry of i____33____ leaves and made them taste so terrible that they got tired of the leaves and stopped e____34____ them. Then even more astonishing, the tree sent out a special smell—a signal (信号) causing its neighbors to c____35____ the chemistry of their own leaves and make them l____36____ tasty.
Communication, of course, doesn’t need to be in words. We can talk to each other by s____37____, raising our shoulders and moving our hands. We know that birds and a____38____ use a whole vocabulary of songs, sounds, and movements. Bees dance their signals, flying in certain patterns that tell other bees w____39____ they can find nectar (花蜜) for honey. So why shouldn’t trees have ways o_____40_____ sending message
（2021·江苏·镇江新区教育发展中心八年级阶段练习）根据短文内容和首字母提示，在下文空格处填入适当的词使短文完整，每空一词。
It’s very important that we all recycle. In nature, everything is used again. For example, when an animal dies, it becomes a____41____ animal’s food. Nothing is u____42____. But humans have created things like plastic bags which can’t be broken down by nature. Our rubbish kills animals and brings a lot of p____43____. If we c____44____ making too much rubbish, the situation will only get w____45____. If nature can’t reuse the rubbish, we must recycle it. We should c____46____ up the rubbish we’ve made because nature can’t.
Recycling is a____47____ the right thing to do for another reason. The Earth is r____48____ in natural materials like water and trees, but these materials are not endless. We use up our natural materials much faster than the Earth is able to reproduce them. For example, each year we cut down more than 6, 000 square miles of forest. But it t____49____ about 25 years for a new tree to grow.
Recycling can help us s_____50_____ the Earth, so let’s take action right now.
（2020·江苏·南通市启秀中学八年级期中）Fifty years ago, China launched (发射) its first satellite (人造卫星), Dongfanghong 1. To mark its 50th anniversary, China announced (宣布) the name for its Mars (火星) planetary exploration (探测) program on April 24.
The mission (任务), Tianwen (天问), g____51____its name from a long poem Tianwen written by Qu Yuan, a famous p____52____of the Warring States Period. In the poem, Qu raised a s____53____of questions about the sky, stars, natural myths and the real world, showing his doubts on traditional ideas and his pursuit (追求) of truth.
China has made great progress in space exploration. In 1970, China launched its first man-made Earth satellite, becoming the f____54____country in the world to launch man-made satellites independently (独立地) after the Soviet Union, the USA, France and Japan. O____55____the past few years, China’s missions, including the Shenzhou and Change’s series were designed to explore outer space.
This time, the Tianwen series will c____56____out the first Mars exploration mission in 2020. Experts consider it the start of China’s exploration of Mars.
Tianwen represents (体现) Chinese people’s p____57____of truth, the country’s cultural inheritance (继承) to explore nature and the universe, as w____58____as the unending explorations in science and technology.
Indeed, with the name’s deep roots (根源) in Chinese traditional culture (文化), it has been widely accepted among the p____59____. Tianwen shows the determination (决心) and perseverance (坚持) of Chinese people to move f____60____into deep space.
（2020·江苏南京·八年级期末）请根据短文内容及首字母提示，填写所缺单词。
Holmes and I walked slowly across the moor (荒野). In the evening sunlight the autumn c____61____ on the hills were beautiful-reds and browns and yellows.
But Holmes saw nothing of that. “So, Watson,” he said, “let’s forget John Straker for a minute, and think about the h____62____. Let’s say that Silver Blaze runs away after the killing. Here he is, out on the cold wet moor. What does he do next ”
“He looks for a nice w____63____ stable (马厩),” I said, “with food and water.”
“Right, Watson. He did not go back to King’s Pyland, we know that, but there is a____64____ stable not far away, at Capleton. M____65____ he went there. And the way to Capleton is down this hill. Let’s go!”
We walked quickly down the hill, and at the foot we found a small r____66____ and some very wet ground.
“Wonderful,” said Holmes. “I wanted mud, and here it is. You f____67____ the left side of the river, we’re looking for the tracks (足迹) of horseshoes.”
We found t____68____ after only fifty metres. Holmes took the horseshoe out of his pocket and put it next to the tracks. “Yes, that’s Silver Blaze, there are no q____69____ about it.”
We followed the tracks easily, then lost them for a time, but f____70____ them again two hundred metres from the Capleton stables.
“Here they are,” I cried. “And look—there’s another track here, of a man’s shoe.”
参考答案：
1．(l)ast 2．(f)amilies 3．(F)rom 4．(a)rrives 5．(t)rip 6．(l)ooking 7．(f)all 8．(c)lean 9．(j)ump 10．(o)wn
【导语】本文主要讲述了秋天的一些变化以及人们的活动。
1．句意：在我们还没注意到改变之前，夏天的最后迹象将消失。此空为形容词作定语修饰名词，根据“The weather is getting a bit cold and the leaves are changing their colors.”可知此处指夏天最后的迹象，last表示“最后的”。故填(l)ast。
2．句意：在这个节日里，家人聚在一起赏月、吃月饼是一种传统。根据“Mid-Autumn Festival”和常识可知，应该是“家人们”在一起赏月。families表示“家人”，复数概念。故填(f)amilies。
3．句意：从欣赏五颜六色的树叶到摘苹果，秋天在这个国家是一段有趣的时光。from...to...表示“从……到……”。故填(F)rom。
4．句意：当秋天来临时，各种各样的树的叶子悄悄地改变颜色。根据“the leaves of different kinds of trees change their colors quietly. Some will turn bright red, while others will be yellow or green.”可知此处介绍秋天来临时，叶子颜色的变化。arrive表示“到达”，fall作主语，谓语动词用第三人称单数形式。故填(a)rrives。
5．句意：在美国的一些地方，进行一次“色彩之旅”很受欢迎。根据“Families will get in their cars and drive around the countryside（乡村）, ...at all the beautiful colors of the trees.”可知，此处应该是色彩“之旅”。trip表示“旅行”，a后接可数名词单数。故填(t)rip。
6．句意：各家各户都会开着车在乡村里转悠，看着五颜六色的树木。look at表示“看”，此处用动名词形式作状语。故填(l)ooking。
7．句意：随着树叶变色，它们也落到地上，使院子变得凌乱。根据“People have to rake（用耙子耙）their yards to keep them...”可知秋天叶子会落到地上。fall表示“落下”，此句为一般现在时，主语为they，动词用原形。故填(f)all。
8．句意：人们必须用耙子耙院子以保持干净。keep sth adj表示“保持某物怎么样”，形容词作宾补；根据“People have to rake（用耙子耙）their yards”可知，用耙子耙院子会使院子变干净，clean表示“干净的”。故填(c)lean。
9．句意：他们将这些树叶耙成一堆，然后孩子们可以跳进树叶里玩耍。根据“They will rake these leaves into piles”可推断，孩子们应该是“跳”进树叶里玩。jump表示“跳”，can后接动词原形。故填(j)ump。
10．句意：在纽约城外，农场和果园的主人经常邀请顾客“采摘”。根据“Customers will be charged（收费）by weight when they leave.”可知这是采摘，自己采摘，your own表示“你自己”。故填(o)wn。
11．(i)nstead 12．(e)nough 13．(r)eceived 14．(S)ince 15．(c)over 16．(g)reen 17．(d)eveloped 18．(r)aised 19．(e)xample 20．(s)uccessful
【导语】本文主要介绍了支付宝中蚂蚁森林，介绍蚂蚁森林如何运行以及带来的影响等，它通过记录人们低碳行为获得的绿色能量，在干旱地区种植真实的树，以此鼓励人们用以绿色的生活方式保护环境。
11．句意：例如，乘坐公共汽车而不是开车上班。根据“It records users’ low-carbon activities—taking a bus to work ...of driving”可知，蚂蚁森林提倡低碳活动，所以是乘坐公交而不是开车，instead of“而不是”，故填(i)nstead。
12．句意：当用户的绿色能量足够高时，蚂蚁森林及其合作伙伴将为该用户种植一棵真正的树。根据“When a user’s green energy gets high ..., Ant Forest and its partners will plant a real tree for that person.”可知，攒取足够高的绿色能量，就会种一颗真树，enough“足够”，修饰high，故填(e)nough。
13．句意：蚂蚁森林因鼓励人们过更绿色的生活方式，保护环境，获得了联合国最高环保荣誉——2019年地球冠军奖。根据“Ant Forest ...the 2019 Champions of the Earth award”可知，获得奖项，receive“获得”，时态是一般过去时，动词用过去式，故填(r)eceived。
14．句意：据新华社报道，自2016年8月成立以来，蚂蚁森林及其合作伙伴已经在中国最干旱地区种植了约1.22亿棵树，包括内蒙古、甘肃、青海和山西等地区。根据“Ant Forest and its partners have planted some 122 million trees in China’s driest areas”可知，“since+过去时间点”常与现在完成时连用，since“自从”，句首需大写首字母，故填(S)ince。
15．句意：树木覆盖面积为11.2万公顷。根据“The trees....an area of 112,000 hectares.”及首字母可知，此处指“覆盖面积”，cover“覆盖”，时态是一般现在时，主语是复数，d故填(c)over。
16．句意：这只是中国绿化地球努力的一部分。根据“This is only part of China’s efforts to make Earth ....”及首字母可知，是中国绿化地球，green“绿色的”，作宾语补足语，故填(g)reen。
17．句意：据《中国日报》报道，该项目改善了当地的生活条件，发展了当地的商业。根据“.....local business”及首字母可知，是发展当地商业，develope“发展”，时态是现在完成时，空处用过去分词。故填(d)eveloped。
18．句意：据报道，2017年，该项目区域的森林覆盖率提高了13.57%，而40年前为5.05%。根据“It’s reported the forest coverage rate among the regions of the project r...13.57 percent in 2017, compared to 5.05 percent 40 years ago.”可知，森林覆盖率提高了，raise“提高”，时态是一般过去时，动词用过去式，故填(r)aised。
19．句意：鉴于中国在防治荒漠化方面取得的成功，联合国环境规划署认为中国是其他国家学习的好榜样。根据“the United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP) believes the country is a good ....for others to follow.”可知，中国是其他国家学习的好榜样，example“榜样，例子”，此前有a修饰，使用名词单数形式，故填(e)xample。
20．句意：中国是沙漠绿化最成功的国家之一，有经验可以与世界分享。根据“China is one of the most s...countries in greening the desert and has lessons to share with the world.”可知，中国早沙漠绿化这一方面是成功的，successful“成功的”，与空前the most形成最高级，在句中作定语修饰countries，故填(s)uccessful。
21．(r)eceive 22．(t)aken 23．(d)aily 24．(s)erious 25．(r)ealized 26．(p)rotecting 27．(p)ublic 28．(p)lant 29．(a)nywhere 30．(p)ossible
【导语】本文是王华给彼得的一封回信。内容是双方共同关心的雾霾天气带给人们的危害，以及就这一现象所提供的一些基本的建议。
21．句意：很高兴收到你的来信。根据“your letter”及首字母提示可知，此处是receive“收到”，根据“I’m glad to”可知，此处是be glad to do sth.，动词用原形，故填(r)eceive。
22．句意：自从去年冬天以来，雾霾已经发生了好几次。根据“place for several times”及首字母提示可知，此处是take place“发生”，空前有has，此处动词用过去分词，构成现在完成时的结构，故填(t)aken。
23．句意：它对我们的日常生活造成了极大的危害。结合常识及首字母提示可知，雾霾对日常生活造成了影响，daily“日常的”，形容词，作定语修饰其后的名词life，故填(d)aily。
24．句意：许多交通事故的发生就是因为严重的雾霾，越来越多的人因为雾霾引起的严重疾病，不得不去看医生。空处修饰其后的名词“disease”，结合“more and more people have to go to see the doctor”及首字母提示可知，此处指的是“得了严重的疾病”，serious“严重的”，故填(s)erious。
25．句意：人们已经意识到雾霾造成的极大危害以及保护环境的重要性。根据“the great harm caused by the smog and the importance of...the environment.”及首字母提示可知，人们已经意识到这个问题了，realize“意识到”，根据have可知，此处用过去分词构成现在完成时结构，故填(r)ealized。
26．句意：人们已经意识到雾霾造成的极大危害以及保护环境的重要性。根据“ the importance of...the environment.”及首字母提示可知，人们知道了保护环境的重要性，protect“保护”，动词，of后接动名词形式，故填(p)rotecting。
27．句意：政府建议人们乘坐公交车和地铁等公共交通工具上班或上学。根据“such as the bus and the underground”及首字母提示可知，此处指的是“公共交通”，public“公共的”，形容词，作定语修饰其后的名词traffic，故填(p)ublic。
28．句意：我们还应该种更多的树。根据“more trees”及首字母提示可知，此处指的是“种树”，plant“种植”，动词，情态动词should后接动词原形，故填(p)lant。
29．句意：我将骑自行车或步行上学，我不会随地扔垃圾。根据“I won’t throw the waste”及首字母提示可知，此处指的是“不会把垃圾丢的到处都是”，anywhere“任何地方”，故填(a)nywhere。
30．句意：我会告诉我遇到的人尽可能地保护环境。根据“ as...as they can”及首字母提示可知，此处是as possible as sb can“尽可能”，故填(p)ossible。
31．(w)ords 32．(c)ommunicate 33．(i)ts 34．(e)ating 35．(c)hange 36．(l)ess 37．(s)miling 38．(a)nimals 39．(w)here 40．(o)f
【导语】本文讲述了柳树通过发出一种特别水蒸气来同邻居进行交流。作者认为像人类微笑，鸟儿唱歌，蜜蜂跳舞一样，树也有传送信息的方式。
31．句意：是的，但不是说出来的。根据“Can trees talk Yes, but not in w...”可知，树木会交谈，但不是以话语的形式，word“话语”符合语境，此处表示复数含义，使用名词复数形式，故填(w)ords。
32．句意：科学家们有理由相信树木可以相互交流。根据“Scientists have reason to believe that trees c...with each other.”可知，树木可以相互交流，communicate with“和……交流”，故填(c)ommunicate。
33．句意：首先，在树林里，一棵被毛毛虫袭击的柳树改变了叶子的化学成分，使它们变得如此可怕，以至于它们厌倦了叶子，不再吃它们。根据“First a willow tree attacked(攻击) in the woods by caterpillars(毛虫) changed the chemistry of i...leaves”可知，此处这棵柳树，用形容词性物主代词its修饰leaves，故填(i)ts。
34．句意：首先，在树林里，一棵被毛毛虫袭击的柳树改变了叶子的化学成分，使它们变得如此可怕，以至于它们厌倦了叶子，不再吃它们。根据“made them taste so terrible that they got tired of the leaves and stopped e... them”可知，是让毛毛虫不吃自己的叶子，eat“吃”，用于“stop doing sth”短语中，表示“停止做某事”，故填(e)ating。
35．句意：更让人吃惊的是，这棵树会发出一种特殊的气味，这是一种信号，它的邻居会改变自己叶子的化学成分，让叶子变得不那么好吃。根据“a signal (信号) causing its neighbors to c...the chemistry of their own leaves”可知，周围的树会改变自己叶子的化学成分，change“改变”符合语境，用于不定式结构中，故填(c)hange。
36．句意：更让人吃惊的是，这棵树会发出一种特殊的气味，这是一种信号，它的邻居会改变自己叶子的化学成分，让叶子变得不那么好吃。根据“make them l...tasty”和前文可知，为了不让虫子吃自己的叶子，所以是让叶子变得不那么好吃，用less修饰tasty，故填(l)ess。
37．句意：我们可以通过微笑，抬起我们的肩膀和移动我们的手彼此交谈。根据“Communication, of course, doesn’t need to be in words. We can talk to each other by s..., raising our shoulders and moving our hands.”可知，交流可以不用语言，结合首字母，smile“微笑”符合语境，介词by后加动名词作宾语，故填(s)miling。
38．句意：我们知道，鸟类和动物使用一套完整的词汇，包括歌曲、声音和动作。根据“We know that birds and a...use a whole vocabulary of songs, sounds, and movements.”可知，鸟类和动物使用一套完整的词汇，animal“动物”符合语境，此处表示复数含义，使用名词复数形式，故填(a)nimals。
39．句意：蜜蜂跳舞发出信号，以特定的模式飞行，告诉其他蜜蜂在哪里可以找到花蜜。根据“tell other bees w...they can find nectar (花蜜) for honey”可知，告诉其他蜜蜂在哪里可以找到花蜜，where“哪里”符合语境，故填(w)here。
40．句意：那么，树木为什么不能有传递信息的方式呢？根据“So why shouldn’t trees have ways o...sending message ”可知，此处是ways of doing sth短语，意为“做某事的方法”，故填(o)f。
41．(a)nother 42．(u)seless 43．(p)ollution##(p)roblems 44．(c)ontinue 45．(w)orse 46．(c)lean 47．(a)lso 48．(r)ich 49．(t)akes 50．(s)ave
【分析】这篇短文主要讲述了人类活动对自然环境造成了哪些伤害，并详细分析了我们为什么要保护环境，同时告诉大家回收利用可以帮助我们拯救地球，号召大家马上行动起来。
41．句意：例如，当一个动物死了，它就会变成了另一个动物的食物。根据“In nature, everything is used again...when an animal dies, it becomes... animal’s food.”结合常识可知，大自然中每件东西都会再利用，动物也一样，此处指一个动物死了之后会变成另一个动物的食物。another表示“另一个”，后跟名词单词，符合语境。故填(a)nother。
42．句意：没有东西是没用的。根据“In nature, everything is used again.”可知自然界事物都可以再利用，也就是没有东西是没用的，useless表示“无用的”。故填(u)seless。
43．句意：我们的垃圾杀死很多动物，带来很多污染/问题。根据“ But humans have created things like plastic bags which can’t be broken down by nature. ”可知塑料之类的垃圾在自然中很难降解，会造成很多污染，杀死动物后也会带来很多问题。pollution表示“污染”，不可数名词；problem“问题”，可数名词，a lot of后跟可数名词复数。故填(p)ollution/(p)roblems。
44．句意：如果我们继续制造太多垃圾，处境将会变得更糟。根据“making too much rubbish”及首字母可知，此处指“继续制造垃圾”，continue doing sth表示“继续做某事”，符合语境。故填(c)ontinue。
45．句意：如果我们继续制造太多垃圾，处境将会变得更糟。get为连系动词，后接形容词作表语。根据“If we continue making too much rubbish...”可知如果制造太多的垃圾，处境会变得更糟，与之前相比更糟，worse“更糟的”。故填(w)orse。
46．句意：我们应该清理我们制造的垃圾，因为自然不能。根据“... up the rubbish we’ve made ”可知，此处考查动词短语clean up，表示“清理”，情态动词should后接动词原形。故填(c)lean。
47．句意：另一个原因是，回收也是要做的正确的事。根据“... for another reason. ”可知此处指回收的另一个原因，also表示“也”。故填(a)lso。
48．句意：地球富含像水和树一样的自然资源，但是这些资源不是无穷尽的。be rich in表示“富含”，固定短语。故填(r)ich。
49．句意：但是一个新树的生长需要约25年。此处描绘事实，用一般现在时，it takes+时间+to do sth表示“做某事花费多长时间”。故填(t)akes。
50．句意：回收能帮助我们拯救地球，奥义让我们马上行动起来。help sb do sth表示“帮助某人做某事”，回收是拯救地球，save表示“拯救”。故填(s)ave。
51．(g)ot 52．(p)oet 53．(s)eries 54．(f)ifth 55．(O)ver 56．(c)arry 57．(p)ursuit 58．(w)ell 59．(p)ublic 60．(f)urther
【分析】本文是新闻报道，介绍了执行中国首次火星探测任务的“天问”探测器的相关情况，彰显了中国人深入太空的决心和毅力。
51．句意：“天问”任务得名于战国时期著名诗人屈原的一首长诗《天问》。设空处作谓语，需填动词；根据下文“its name from a long poem Tianwen”和首字母提示，可知是说“天问”这个名字是从古代的《天问》诗歌得到的，get表示“得到”符合语境；句子陈述过去的事情用一般过去时，动词需用过去式，故填(g)ot。
52．句意：“天问”任务得名于战国时期著名诗人屈原的一首长诗《天问》。根据上文“from a long poem”和首字母提示，可知《天问》是一首著名的诗歌，poet表示“诗歌”符合语境，故填(p)oet。
53．句意：在诗中，屈原提出了一系列关于天空、星星、自然神话和现实世界的问题，显示了他对传统观念的怀疑和对真理的追求。根据下文“questions about the sky, stars, natural myths and the real world”和首字母提示，可知是一系列问题，series表示“系列”符合语境；结合语境可知用复数形式，故填(s)eries。
54．句意：1970年，中国发射了第一颗人造地球卫星，成为继苏联、美国、法国和日本之后世界上第五个独立发射人造卫星的国家。定冠词the修饰序数词，根据下文“to launch man-made satellites independently after the Soviet Union, the USA, France and Japan”和首字母提示，可知中国是第五个独立发射人造卫星的国家，fifth表示“第五”符合语境，故填(f)ifth。
55．句意：在过去的几年里，中国的任务，包括神舟飞船和嫦娥系列飞船，都是为了探索外太空。根据题干“…the past few years”和首字母提示，可知说的是过去的几年，over表示“多于”符合语境；位于句首需大写首字母，故填(O)ver。
56．句意：这一次，“天问”系列将在2020年执行首次火星探测任务。根据题干“This time, the Tianwen series will…out the first Mars exploration mission in 2020”和首字母提示，可知是说“‘天问’系列将第一次实施火星探测”，carry out表示“实施”符合语境；will后接原形动词，故填(c)arry。
57．句意：“天问”代表着中国人对真理的追求，代表着国家探索自然和宇宙的文化传承，代表着对科学技术的无止境探索。pursuit of sth.追求某物；根据下文“the country’s cultural inheritance to explore nature and the universe”和首字母提示，可知这里是说“‘天问’代表着中国人对真理的追求”，pursuit表示“追求”符合语境，故填(p)ursuit。
58．句意：“天问”代表着中国人对真理的追求，代表着国家探索自然和宇宙的文化传承，代表着对科学技术的无止境探索。结合语境和首字母提示，可知“天问”还代表了中国人对科学技术的不停探索，as well as表示“以及/除了……还”符合语境，故填(w)ell。
59．句意：事实上，由于这个名字深深植根于中国传统文化，它已经被公众广泛接受。定冠词the后接名词，根据上文“with the name’s deep roots in Chinese traditional culture”和首字母提示，可知是说“天问”被公众接受，public表示“公众”符合语境，故填(p)ublic。
60．句意：“天问”展现了中国人深入太空的决心和毅力。根据题干“to move…into deep space”和首字母提示，可知是说向外太空不断迈进，further表示“(空间距离)较远”符合语境，故填(f)urther。
61．(c)olors 62．(h)orse 63．(w)arm 64．(a)nother 65．(M)aybe 66．(r)iver 67．(f)ollow 68．(t)hem 69．(q)uestions 70．(f)ound
【分析】本文是记叙文，节选自《福尔摩斯探案集》，短文主要讲了福尔摩斯寻找赛马的故事。
61．句意：在夕阳的照耀下，山上秋天的颜色是美丽的——红色、棕色和黄色。根据下文“reds and browns and yellows”和首字母提示，可知是说有多种颜色很美丽，colors“颜色”符合语境，故填(c)olors。
62．句意：让我们暂时忘掉约翰·斯特拉克，想想那匹马吧。由下文的stable和首字母提示，可知horse“马”符合语境；空前有定冠词the，特指那匹马，需用单数形式，故填(h)orse。
63．句意：“他在找一个好的温暖的马厩，”我说，“里面有食物和水。”根据上文“Here he is, out on the cold wet moor. What does he do next”和首字母提示，可知应该找一个暖和的地方，warm“温暖的”符合语境，故填(w)arm。
64．句意：我们知道，他并没有回到国王的皮兰德，但不远处还有一座马厩，在卡普顿。根据题干“there is…stable not far away, at Capleton”和首字母提示，结合上文提到在寻找温暖的马厩，可知这里是说不远处有另一个马厩，another“另一个/再一个”符合语境，故填(a)nother。
65．句意：也许他去那儿了。根据下文“And the way to Capleton is down this hill. Let’s go”和首字母提示，可知推测Silver Blaze去了卡普顿，maybe“或许”表猜测，符合语境；位于句首需大写首字母，故填(M)aybe。
66．句意：我们快速地走下山坡，在山脚下我们发现了一条小河和一些非常潮湿的地面。根据下文“the left side of the river”和首字母提示，可知发现了一条小河，river“河流”符合语境；不定冠词a修饰单数名词，故填(r)iver。
67．句意：你顺着河的左边走，我们在找马蹄铁留下的痕迹。根据题干“You…the left side of the river, we’re looking for the tracks of horseshoes”，可知需要填入一个动词表示“沿着河走”, 结合首字母提示，follow“跟随”符合语境；本句相当于建议是一般现在时态，主语you是第二人称，动词用原形，故填(f)ollow。
68．句意：我们只走了五十米就找到了它们。设空处作动词found的宾语，根据题干“We found…after only fifty metres”和首字母提示，可知是说找到了Silver Blaze它们，宾格代词them符合语境，故填(t)hem。
69．句意：是的，那是Silver Blaze，这是毫无疑问的。根据上文的判断“Yes, that’s Silver Blaze”，结合首字母提示，可知找到了Silver Blaze，是没有任何问题的，question“问题”符合语境；there be结构遵循就近原则，由are可知用复数形式，故填(q)uestions。
70．句意：我们很容易地循着足迹走了一段时间，然后又在离卡普顿马厩两百米远的地方找到了它们。but表转折，根据上文“We followed the tracks easily, then lost them for a time”和首字母提示，可知终于找到了它们，find“找到”符合语境；结合短文时态是一般过去时，动词用过去式，故填(f)ound。