Noun clause课件

课件26张PPT。 Grammar——

The Noun Clauses名词性从句?　　在句子中起名词作用的句子叫名词从句 (Noun Clauses）。 名词从句的功能相当于名词词组, 它在复合句中能担任主语、宾语、表语、同位语、介词宾语等，因此根据它在句中不同的语法功能，名词从句又可分别称为主语从句(Subject Clause)、宾语从句(Object Clause)、表语从句(Predicative Clause) 和同位语从句(Appositive ClauseWho will win the match is still unknown.
I want to know what he has told you.
The fact is that we have lost the game.
The news that we won the game is exciting. 主语从句宾语从句表语从句同位语从句 Subject Clause (主语从句)
Object Clause (宾语从句)
Noun clause
Predicative Clause (表语从句)

?????????????????????????????主语从句
一个句子在复合句中充当主语叫主语从句。
e.g. That the earth is round is true .
Whether she will come or not is still a question .
What you are doing seems very difficult .
When they will start has not been decided yet .

引导主语从句的连词是不能省略的。
That the earth is round is true
That-从句作主语通常用it作先行词，而将that-从句置于句末，例如：It is true that the earth is round.It's a pity that you should have to leave.　你非走不可真是件憾事。Attention2.表示“是否”意义时，一般用whether 而不用 if引导主语从句，
Whether she will come or not is still a question .
但如果有形式主语 it引导时，既可用 whether，也可用 if。
e.g. It is still a question if she will come or not .
3.有时可用形式主语it 代替主语从句：
e.g. It is still a question whether she will come or not .
It has not been decided yet when they will start .
　用it作形式主语的that-从句有以下四种不同的搭配关系：
It + be +形容词+ that-从句It is necessary that…　　　 有必要……It is important that…　　　 重要的是……It is obvious that…　　　　 很明显……
b. It + be + -ed 分词+ that-从句It is believed that…　　　　　人们相信……It is known to all that…　　　从所周知……It has been decided that…　　 已决定…… 　c. It + be +名词+ that-从句It is common knowledge that
………是常识It is a surprise that…令人惊奇的是……It is a fact that…　　事实是……
d. It +不及物动词+ that-分句It appears that…　　　　似乎……It happens that…　　　　碰巧……It occurred to me that …
我突然想起……
1. ____ you don’t like him is none of my business.
A. What B. Who
C. That D. Whether2. ____ he said at the meeting astonished everybody present.
A. What B. That
C. The fact D. The matter练一练！ what与that在引导名词性从句时的区别:

what引导名词性从句时在从句中充当句子成分,如主语,宾语,表语,表示…的.而that则不然,它在句子中只起连接作用,没有意义.
(1) What you said yesterday is right.
(2) That the earth goes around the sun is well-known to everybody.
3. ____ leaves the room last ought to turn off the lights.
A. Anyone? B. The person
C. Whoever? D. Who
4. _____the sports meet will be held depends on the weather.
A. Whenever B. If C. Whether D. That
5. ___ is a fact that English is being accepted as an international language.
A. There B. This
C. That D. It6. When and why he came here ________ yet.
A . is not known　 B. are not known
C. has not known D. have not bee
7. After Yang Liwei succeeded in circling the earth, ________ our astronauts desire to do is to walk in space. A. where B. what
C. that D. how
3. It worried Mary a lot _____ she would pass the college entrance examination. A. whether B. if C. that D. how ????????????????????????????????????????????
? 宾语从句
一个句子在复合句中充当宾语就叫宾语从句。
e.g. Do you know where he is ?
I’m glad (that )you have passed the exam .
I don’t know whether (if)you are willing to help me .
I’ m sorry for what I have said.
我为我说的话表示歉意。特别提示
1.由连接词that引导宾语从句时，that在句中不担任任何成分，在口语或非正式的文体中常被省去，但如从句是并列句时,第二个分句前的that不可省。
2.下列宾语从句 必须用whether 引导， 不可用if:
a.??从句后有or?not?时，不可用if :
I don’t know whether he will come or not .
b.??介词宾语通常用 whether 引导:
It depends on whether he is coming or not .
这要看他是否会来。
c. 后接动词不定式时。
Can you tell me whether to go or to stay? 你能否告诉我是去还是留？ 3. 用who，whom, which, whose, what, when, where, why, how, whoever, whatever, whichever等关联词引导的宾语从句相当于特殊疑问句，应注意句子语序要用陈述语序。
Do you know how old he is?
I want to know what he has told you. 我想知道他告诉了你什么。 She always thinks of how she can work well. 她总是在想怎样能把工作做好。She will give whoever needs help a warm support. 凡需要帮助的人，她都会给予热情的支持。4. think, believe, imagine, suppose等动词引起的否定性宾语从句中，要把上述主句中的动词变为否定式。即将从句中的否定形式移到主句中。例如：We don’t think you are here. 我们认为你不在这。I don’t believe he will do so. 我相信他不会这样做。He asked ____ for a violin．（MET1992）
A. did I pay how much B. I paid how much
C. how much did I pay D. how much I paid
2．It is generally considered unwise to give a child _____he or she wants. (NMET1997)
A. however B. whatever
C. whichever D. whenever
3. Little Tommy was reluctant to tell the schoolmaster ____ he had done the day before. A .that B. how C .what D. where 4. The old man smiled when he saw how pretty _____ up to be during the past few years. A. had his daughter grown
B. would his daughter grow C. his daughter would grow
D. his daughter had grown
5. Have you seen Mary lately? My boss wants to know _______.A. how she is getting along
B. how is she getting along C. what she is getting along
D. what is she getting along
6. The true value of life is not in ______, but _______.A. which we get; what give we
B. what we get; what we give C. which do we get; what do we give
D. how we get; that we give
7. You can’t imagine ______ when they received these nice Christmas presents. A. how they were excited B. how excited they were C. how excited were they D. they were how excited
8. Do you know ________?
A. how many populations there are in the world?
B. how much population there is in the world
C. how many the population of the world is
D. what the population of the world is
9. I don't doubt ________ he'll come.
A. that　B. if　C. what　D. whether
10. Does anybody know __ we will have a sports meeting this weekend or not.
A. if B. where C. whether D. that
If depends on ____ we will be ready in time. A. whether B. that C. if D. when表语从句
一个句子在复合句中充当表语就叫表语从句. 表语从句放在连系动词后，如：be，seem,　remain等，有时用as if引导。其基本结构为：主语 + 系动词 + that从句。
e.g. The problem is that I am short of money.
China is no longer what she used to be .
The question is how we can get there .
It looks as if it is going to rain. 看上去天要下雨了。
特别提醒
1. 表语从句中的时态不受主句的限制.
2. 表语从句是不用 if 引导的,要用whether.
３．主语是reason时，表语从句常用that，不用because.
The reason for his absence was that he was ill.
What the doctors really doubt is _____ my mother will recover from the serious disease soon．（上海2001年春季招生） A. when B. how C. whether D. why
---- I drove to Zhuhai for the air show last week. ---- Is that ______ you had a few days off ? ( NMET1999)A. why B. what C. when D. where
3. ____ she couldn’t understand was _____ fewer and fewer students showed interest in her lessons. A. What; why B. That; why
C. What; because D. Why; that 4. Go and get your coat．It's ____ you left it． A. where B. there
C. here where D. where there
5. Why the explosion occurred was ________ the laboratory attendant had been careless.
A. for　B. because　C. since　D. that
6. The city is no longer ________.
A. what it is 　　 B. that it used to be 　　
C. which it was D. what it used to be
7.The problem is_______ he has enough time.
　　A. if B. whether C./ D. that