人教版（2019）必修第三册Unit 4 Space Exploration Words and expressions 单词讲解课件（46张ppt）

(共46张PPT)
SPACE EXPLORATION
KEY WORDS
argue for...　为……而争论，(赞成……)
argue against 争辩(反对……)
argue with sb. on/about/over sth. 与某人争辩某事
【词性变形】
argument n. 争论，争辩；论点
arguable adj. 可论证的; 有论据的; 无把握的
argumentative adj. 好争论的; 爱辩论的
【拓展用法】
argue sb. into/out of doing sth. 说服某人做(不做)某事
It’s beyond argument that 无可争辩的是……
argue vt. &vi. 争论; 争辩; 论证
argue vt. &vi. 争论; 争辩; 论证
表示“说服……做……”的其他表达形式。
① persuade sb. to do sth.　
② persuade sb. into doing sth.
③ convince sb. to do sth.　
④ talk sb. into doing sth.
联想归纳
1. 试译：她主张应该让野生动物留在野外生活，而不能用于娱乐或广告。
argue vt. &vi. 争论; 争辩; 论证
She has argued that wild animals should be left in the wild and not used for entertainment or advertisements.
2. 介词填空
① He argued ________ smoking，and insisted that it was _______argument that smoking was harmful to health.
② My younger sister thinks she can argue her father________increasing her monthly pocket money.
③ Gun control is a subject________which Americans have argued for a long time.
against
beyond　
into
about
adj. 好奇的
be curious about 对…好奇
be curious to do sth. 好奇做某事
【词性变形】
满足某人的好奇心 __________________________
唤起某人关于…的好奇心 __________________________
出于好奇心 __________________________
好奇地 __________________________
curious
satisfy one’s curiosity
arouse one’s curiosity about…
out of curiosity
with curiosity=curiously
vt. 查明; 确定; 决定
【词性变形】
determined adj. 有决心的, 意志坚定的
determination n. 决定, 确定
with determination 坚定地
决心做某事:
determine
determine to do sth. [强调动作]
　　
be determined to do sth. [强调状态]
a determined look 坚定的眼神
determine
1. (2019·天津高考)Driven by heaven-knows-what motives, he determines to write a book.
2. (P40) However，some scientists were determined to help humans realise their dream to explore space.
_____________to help humans realise their dream to explore space, some scientists devote all their energies to …
3. Make continued and ______________ efforts to find cases of COVID-19.
Determined
determined
vt. & n. 发射；发起；上市
①The enemy launched an attack again._______________
②The new model will be launched in July._______________
③China will launch another satellite into space._____________
④The official launch date is in May._____________
launch
发起, 发动（活动）
（新产品）推出；上市；发行
（航天器）发射
上市，发行
n. (环绕地球、太阳等运行的)轨道；势力范围
vt. & vi. 沿轨道运行；环绕……运行
①A new satellite has been put into orbit around the earth.____
②You should come within his orbit.________
③The earth take a year to orbit the sun.__________
orbit
轨道
势力范围
环绕……运行
n. 跳跃; 剧增; 剧变
v. 跳过;跃过 (leapt--leapt [lept]; leaped--leaped)
leap
三思而后行 ________________________
匆忙下结论…; 贸然断定… ________________________
赶紧站起来 ________________________
look before you leap
jump/leap to the conclusion that…
leap to one’s feet
adj.失望的；沮丧的　
disappointed
disappoint vt. 使失望　
disappointing adj. 令人失望的　
disappointment n. 失望；沮丧；令人失望的事(或人)
n. 渴望; 欲望
vt. 渴望; 期望
【词性变形】
desirable adj. 令人满意的; 值得要的
desired adj. 渴望的; 想得到的
desire to do 　　渴望做……
desire that. . 希望(从句中用should do结构, should可以省略)
a desire for sth. 渴望…
desire
signal [to] sb. to do sth. 示意某人做某事
traffic signals: 交通信号灯
闯红灯 _____________________
区分形近词：
sign [sa n]: v. 签署; 签字n. 标志; 迹象; 招牌; 指示牌
sigh [sa ]: v. 叹息; 叹气 n. 叹息; 叹气
sight [sa t]: n. 看见; 视力; 视野
signal
run/jump the red light
carry on
(P41) This is because people believe in the importance of carrying on space exploration despite the huge risks.
carry on 继续做，坚持干
= continue to do
carry on sth.
carry on with sth.
carry on doing sth.
on board
(P41) It orbits Earth and has astronauts from different countries on board, providing a continuous human presence in space.
在宇宙飞船上
在火车上
在船上
在飞机上
黑 板
董 事 会
◆形近词语
·broad adj. 宽的；广阔的
·abroad adv. 在国外；到国外
at abroad 在国外　
go abroad 去国外
recycle
In space, astronauts collect all dirty water so that it can be recycled for later use.
n. ___________ 回收利用；循环使用
re- (动词前缀) + cycle (词根) → recycle
new adj. 新的→renew v. 使更新；重新开始
place v. 放；置→ replace vt. 取代；放回
move v. 移动→ remove vt. 移开；挪走
use vt. 使用→ reuse vt. 再利用
build v. 建；建造→ rebuild v. 重建
re- +
adj. ___________ 可再循环的；可回收利用的
recyclable
recycling
recycling system 回收系统
Astronauts' bones and muscles can get very weak in space due to the lack of gravity, so they need to exercise every day, wich will help them stay healthy.
（a）lack of 缺少
for lack of 因为缺乏……
lack sth. 缺乏……
be lacking in 缺乏…… （adj.）
lack
lack
① n. 缺乏；短缺（通常用单数）
② vt. 没有；缺乏（不用于被动）
lacking adj.没有，匮乏，不在场 （in）
beyond
Sending people to other planets or even beyond the solar system is not an easy goal ________________(achieve).
to achieve
beyond prep. 在......较远的一边
超出( 时间， 数量，水平，范围）
除......以外（否/疑问句）
adv. 再更远处，更往后
beyond
常用词快
beyond [one’s] comprehension 超出某人理解能力
beyond compare 无与伦比 beyond repair: 无法修复
without/beyond doubt 毫无疑问; 的确
beyond expression 无法形容，表达不出
beyond/above/out of one’s reach: 在摸/够/拿不到的地方
It is beyond sb that/why…: 使某人无法理解/想象…
eg:It's quite beyond me why such things have been allowed to happen.
figure out
弄懂; 弄清楚; 弄明白; 计算
动词+out:
carry out 执行，履行 give out 用完,耗尽,分发
make out 看清,听清,理解 pick out 精心挑选，辨别出
set out 出发动身,开始工作 sort out 整理，把…安排好
work out 解决,计算,锻炼身体,成功发展
block out 挡住[光线/声音] try out 测试, 实验
sufficient
adj. 足够的；充足的
sufficiency n. 足够；充分
sufficiently adv. 足够地；充分地
短语识记
be sufficient for 对……来说是足够的
be sufficient to do sth. 足够做某事
observe
1. observe sb.
_____ (do) sth.看到…做了某事(全过程)
_____ (do) sth.看到…正在做某事
_____ (do) sth.看到某人被…
在被动语态中，不定式to do 中的to要还原
do
doing
done
[主动]
[被动]
1. When I passed his house，I observed him ________(play) in his yard.
2. He is often observed __________ (cheat) at cards(作弊).
3. _____________(observe) carefully if any change occurs when doing experiments in the lab.
4. We observe the blackboard ________(clean) just now.
5. When we drive back home to __________________________ (庆祝春节), we must ______________________________(遵守交通规则)．
playing
to cheat
Observe
cleaned
observe the Spring Festival
observe the traffic rules
adj. 坦率的；直言不讳的
be outspoken in … 在…方面直言不讳
e.g. She was outspoken in her criticism of the plan.
她直言不讳地批评该计划。
【构词法】
outspoken 是由词组 speak out （公开反对）转化而来的合成形容词。类似的 adj 还有：
e.g. stand out 出色，杰出 —— outstanding adj. 杰出的
wear out 用坏，用尽 —— outworn adj. 过时的，无用的
cast out 把…赶走，驱逐 —— outcast adj. 被驱逐的，被抛弃的
outspoken
vt . 尊敬，尊重
respect
respect sb. for sth. 因某事尊敬某人
e.g. We all respect him for his bravery in the war.
我们都为他在战争中的勇气而尊重他。
Respect yourself, or no one else will respect you.
君须自敬，人乃敬之。
show/have respect for sb. 对…表示尊敬
win/gain/earn the respect of sb. 赢得某人的尊重
e.g. We should show respect for our parents.
我们应该尊敬我们的父母。
n. 1） 尊敬，尊重
respect
out of respect 出于对…的尊敬
e.g. Out of respect for her family, the affair was not reported in the media.
出于对她家人的尊敬，这件事没有被媒体报道
in this respect/ in some respects / in all respects 在这方面/某些方面/所有方面
e.g. This proposal is excellent in all respects.
这个提议在各个方面都是完美的。
n. 2）方面；细节；问候（pl）
respect
【词性变形】
respectable adj. 值得尊敬的,体面的
He came from a perfectly respectable middle-class family.
respectful adj. 尊敬人的/有礼貌的
The children in our family are always respectful to their elders.
respective adj . 各自的；分别的
They are each recognized as specialists in their respective fields.
respect
【语法填空】
1. They had little respect ________ their grandparents.
2. The professor ______________ ( respect) for his wide knowledge of all.
3.The new house is in all ____________ (respect) better than the old one.
4. We hope our ________________ ( respect) president will pay attention to our suggestions.
5. We were brought up to be _____________ (respect) to authority.
for
is respected
respects
respectable
respectful
vi . 争论；争辩
argue
1. argue with sb about sth. 关于某事和……争论
e.g. It’s no use arguing with him about the question for he won’t change his mind.
跟他争论这个问题是没有用的，因为他不会改变他的想法。
2. argue for/against sth. 争论支持/反对…
e.g. I argued for the plan while my elder sister argued against it.
我赞成这个计划，而我的姐姐反对它。
vt . 主张，认为；说服
argue
1. argue sb. into / out of doing... 说服某人做…/不做某事
e.g. We try to argue him out of going on such a dangerous journey.
我们努力说服他不要去进行如此危险的旅行。
n. argument 争论 beyond argument 毫无争议的
n. 娱乐；款待[U]；（具体的）娱乐表演[C]
entertainment
e.g. A movie theater is a place of entertainment.
电影院是公共娱乐场所。
e.g. The local entertainments are listed in the newspaper.
报纸上登有本地的娱乐表演节目。
vt. entertain 娱乐；招待
entertain oneself 自娱自乐
adj. entertaining 令人愉悦的
v. 聚集；涌入
crowd
e.g. He managed to crowd into the bus.
crowd in 想法、问题涌上心头
e.g. Memories crowded in his mind.
回忆涌上他的心头。
crowded adj. 拥挤的
vt. ① 鼓舞；激励；启发思考，赋予灵感
inspire
inspire sb to do … 鼓励某人做某事 （encourage sb to do…
e.g. ① The teacher inspires his students to give their opinions actively.
这位老师鼓励学生们在课堂上积极发表自己的观点。
② The beautiful scenery inspired the composer.
美丽的风景给了这位作曲家灵感。
vt. ② 使产生…
inspire sb with sth = inspire sth in sb 使某人产生 … 感觉/情感
e.g. What my father said inspired me with a love of learning.
= What my father said inspired a love of learning in me.
父亲的一番话激起了我对学习的热爱。
inspire
inspiring adj. 鼓舞人心的，启发灵感的
inspired adj. 品质优秀的，能力卓越的；借助于灵感创作的
inspiration n. [U] 灵感；[C] 鼓舞人心的人或事
【词性变形】
vt. ① 支持，拥护
support
support sb in sth 在某方面支持某人
e.g. They support each other in their study.
他们在学习上互相扶持。
support a family = raise a family 养家
vt. ② 抚养，赡养；养活；支撑
support oneself 自食其力
e.g. I will support myself after graduation from university.
大学毕业后我要自食其力。
n. 支持；拥护
support
in support of … 支持 … (作表语/定语）
e.g. Only a few people spoke in support of the proposal.
只有几个人表示支持这一提议。
【词性变形】
supporter n. 支持者；拥护者
supportive adj. 同情的；支持的；给予帮助的
vi. 谈到；查阅；参考
refer
refer to
1.提到；谈及；说起
I promised not to refer to the matter again.
2.描述；涉及；与…相关
This paragraph referred to the events of last year.
3.查阅；参考；征询
You may refer to a dictionary if you want.
refer
refer to sb. / sth. as… 把…称作
e.g. She always refers to her son as “ a little monkey”.
她总是称她儿子为“一个淘气的小猴子”。
reference n. 参考书目
e.g. There is a list of references at the end of each chapter.
偶然遇见；碰见 = run across = meet by chance
come across
e.g. I came across some mistakes when I was looking through your paper.
我在看你的论文时偶然发现了几处错误。
[短语归纳] come 相关短语：
come about
come out
come up
come up with sth
发生 = happen
出现；开花；出版或发表
升起；出现；被提出
提出（办法、建议）；找到（答案）
n. 比率；速度
rate
at a / the rate of ... 以…比率 / 速度
e.g. During the epidemic, small and medium-sized enterprises are disappearing at the rate of roughly two per week.
疫情期间，中小企业正以大约每周两个的速度消失。
vt. 计划；打算；想要
intend
1. intend doing / to do … 打算/计划做…
e.g. What do you intend doing in the new semester
新学期你打算怎么做？
2. intend sb to do sth 打算让某人做某事
e.g. He intends his son to take over his business.
他打算让他的儿子接管他的生意。
3. be intended for … 是为…而准备的；专供… 使用的
（= be designed / meant for … )
e.g. This book is intended for beginners. 这本书是为初学者写的。
vt. 计划；打算；想要
intend
4. had intended to do … 本打算做某事（未曾实现的意图）
e.g. I had intended not to eat, but I couldn’t refuse the food.
n. intention 意图；目的
an intention 一个意图
adj. 考虑周到的；体贴的
considerate
e.g. He is always polite and considerate to/towards the old.
他对待老人总是礼貌又体贴。
【词性变形】
consider vt. 考虑；认为
consideration n. [U] 考虑；关心
considerate
1.consider doing sth.考虑某事
e.g. Would you consider working in New York next year
2. be considered to be/as...被认为……；被看作……
e.g. He was considered to be an expert on the subject.
3. take...into consideration考虑到……；体谅……
e.g. Everything ______ (take) into consideration, it’s practical.
4. show consideration for … 对 … 表示体谅
e.g. You showed no consideration for my feelings at all.
taken
你根本不顾及我的感受。
vt. ① 接生；助产；分娩
deliver a baby 接生
be delivered of a baby 生产；分娩
=give birth to a baby
deliver
e.g. Her baby was delivered by her own private doctor.
她的孩子是由她的私人医生接生的。
She was delivered of a healthy baby.
她生下一个健康的宝宝。
vt. ② 递送；送达
deliver sth to … 把某物送到 …
deliver
e.g. During the epidemic, the school has the textbooks delivered to all students.
疫情期间，学校将教材运送给了每位学生。
vt. ③ 发表（演讲）；宣布；发布
deliver a speech 发表演讲
e.g. The speech delivered by him made us very inspired.
他发表的演讲让我们很受鼓舞。
delivery n. 递送，分娩
继续做；坚持干 = go on
carry on
e.g. Please carry on (with) your performance.
Please carry on performing.
carry on doing … 继续做某事；不停地做某事
carry on (with) sth 继续做某事
[短语归纳] carry短语：
carry out
carry sth through
carry sb through
carry away
贯彻；执行
carry out a plan/orders 执行计划/命令
成功地完成某事
帮助某人渡过难关
运走；使失去自制力