山东省烟台市2019-2022学年高二下学期英语期末试卷汇编：阅读理解（含答案）
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| 名称 | 山东省烟台市2019-2022学年高二下学期英语期末试卷汇编：阅读理解（含答案） |  | |
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山东省烟台市
2019-2022学年高二下学期英语期末试卷汇编
阅读理解
山东省烟台市2021-2022学年高二下学期期末考试试卷英语试卷
第一节（共15小题；每小题2.5分，满分37.5分）
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。
A
David Shepherd Wildlife Foundation (DSWF) is delighted to welcome faithful supporters and new friends to join us at our annual Wildlife Ball to celebrate the natural world and conservation. Hosted by the grand Dorchester Hotel in London, the DSWF Wildlife Ball will take place on the 27th July 2022 where we’ll bring the wilderness to life with our very own Sundown Safari (观赏之旅).
Join a black-tie gastronomical (美食) safari
As part of a black-tie gastronomical safari, guests will be treated to a mouth-watering three-course meal, enjoy world-class entertainment and listen to insightful and inspiring speeches about DSWF’s conservation work to turn the tables on extinction.
The DSWF Wildlife Ball helps raise vital funds and awareness for our essential work, protecting endangered species and their habitats across the world. After a year away we are excited to be welcoming you back and look forward to being your guides at what promises to be a night to remember in support of wildlife.
Last year, the virtual Wildlife Ball raised over 800,000 for DSWF’s vital conservation efforts across Africa and Asia, despite not being able to celebrate in person. We are really excited to invite you back to the Dorchester Hotel, who are our generous hosts, and together aim to celebrate wildlife and the wilderness in style and to raise vital funds to help in the fight for a greener future.
Book tickets to the Wildlife Ball 2022
Book tickets or register your interest today to avoid disappointment. Either by emailing the team at wildlifeball@davidshepherd.org or by calling the DSWF office on 01483 272323.
Individual Tickets: 200 (Children under 12 get 40% off)
VIP packages are available on request.
21. What do we learn about Wildlife Ball 2022
A. It’ll be held in the wild. B. It’ll offer guests a delicious meal.
C. It’ll allow guests to watch ball games. D. It’ll be followed by a guided tour of London.
22. What’s the main purpose of hosting Wildlife Ball 2022
A. To entertain sponsors. B. To establish reputation.
C. To obtain financial support. D. To interact with wild animals.
23. What’s the admission fee for a couple with their ten-year-old twins
A. 440. B. 520. C. 560. D. 640.
B
At Girls Build summer camp in Oregon, girls are learning how to use power tools like saws and drills. The camp is filled with construction excitement. Wearing hard hats and tool belts (腰带) wrapped twice around their tiny waists, girls are working on everything from pouring concrete planters to covering the roof of a sandbox. With every project they turn a pile of raw material into an actual structure.
Hughes, the camp’s director, says the girls can produce professional-quality products. She is a carpenter (木匠) with a degree in social work. While she’d like to see more women in the trade and the gender (性别) imbalance even out, she says more than any future career, it’s a sense of mastery and fearlessness the instructors are trying to pass along to the kids. “If something breaks, I want them to have the confidence to open that up,” Hughes says. “It’s our mission and objective to inspire curiosity and confidence in girls through the world of building.”
Alifanz, who sent her 8-year-old twins to Girls Build, says, “There’s not nothing they can’t do, but there’s nothing they can’t try. And that’s a lot for them to take away in a week.” Knowledge like that changes how they see the world built around them and they show appreciation of the actual effort that goes into making the world work.
But other parents ask the obvious question—is pairing pre-teens and power tools a good idea Hughes stresses Girls Build is very concerned with safety, and instructors consider girls’ ages when pairing them with tools.
9-year-old Aleeyah takes pride in mastering these practical skills many adults are lacking. “I like it when you can be your own self, and it brings out who you really are,” says Aleeyah.
These girls are learning many things can be built, taken apart, and put back together. They don’t have to fit themselves into the designed world—they can build a world that fits them. And that knowledge is a pretty powerful tool to have in their belts.
24. Why are girls taught hands-on building skills in the camp
A. To enhance girls’ social position.
B. To boost girls’ faith in their capacity.
C. To stimulate girls’ interest in woodwork.
D. To prepare girls for construction-related jobs.
25 What is the major concern of some parents about the camp
A. Service. B. Expense. C. Security. D. Discipline.
26. What is the message conveyed in the last paragraph
A. Knowledge is power.
B. It’s never too late to mend.
C. There’s no such thing as a free lunch.
D. One must first sharpen one’s tools to do good work.
27. What is the text most likely from
A. A fictional novel. B. A career guidebook. C. A project handbook. D. A popular magazine.
C
Recently, a team of young researchers in Panama has found a special ant species that rapidly repairs any damage to its host tree.
The events leading to the discovery began in mid-2020, when Alex and his friends would kill time by shooting clay balls at trees with a slingshot. They targeted the thin Cecropia trees to make the task more challenging. Things went well until one clay ball accidentally hit a tree trunk, leaving a clean exit and entry wound.
Concerned that he had caused permanent damage, Alex went back to examine the tree the following morning, accompanied by his father William, an entomologist at the Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute (STRI). To their surprise, the hole had been completely mended! Curious to find out what was going on, Alex and his friends enlisted in the STRI’s volunteer program.
The teens, as instructed, drilled holes in the Cecropia trees and then carefully documented what followed. The young scientists found that in 14 of the 22 cases, groups of Azteca alfari ants immediately gathered in the damaged area and instantly got to work without a break. The industrious insects, using material from the trees, significantly reduced the size of the hole soon. In most cases, the gap was completely filled up within 24 hours.
The sand-colored insects’ harmonious relationship with the Cecropia trees has been known for many years. The trees provide the ants with food and shelter. In return, the insects protect their leaves from plant-eating animals. However, their repair skills — which researchers suspect have been developed fixing damage caused by the sharp nails of the sloths that frequent the trees — had never been seen before.
“This project allowed us to experience first-hand all the complicated details behind a scientific study. It was really a great learning experience,” said Alex.
Alex and his team, who recently published their findings, still have one riddle to solve. They aren’t sure why the insects didn’t repair all the holes. Understanding this selective behavior is something they hope to explore in the future — stay tuned!
28. What is paragraph 2 mainly about
A. The fun of playing outdoors. B. The cause of the new findings.
C. The intention of using a slingshot. D. The reason for targeting the Cecropia trees.
29. With what kind of feeling did Alex return to check the tree
A. Curiosity. B. Optimism. C. Confusion. D. Uneasiness.
30. What does the underlined word “industrious” mean in paragraph 4
A. Grateful. B. Sorrowful. C. Hardworking. D. Impatient.
31. What problem does Alex expect to settle
A. Whether ants are expert at tree repair. B. How ants fix damage to their host trees.
C. Why ants merely repair certain tree holes. D. What relationship ants keep with the Cecropia trees.
D
As race season approaches, many runners have the same goal: go faster. But in a study published in the journal Current Biology, researchers show that speeding up might require us to resist our natural biology. By combining data from runners monitored in a lab along with 37,000 runs recorded on wearable fitness trackers, scientists have found that humans’ natural tendency is to run at a speed that conserves caloric loss—something that racers seeking to shave time off their miles will have to get over.
The research group have been studying the mechanics of running in labs for 15 years but hadn’t gotten a chance to study running in the wild before. “We joined the two datasets to gain new insights and combine the more messy wearable data with the gold standard lab experiments to learn about how people run out,” says co-author Jennifer Hicks.
What surprised the team was the consistency they found across the combined datasets. “We had assumed earlier that people ran faster for shorter distances and then would slow their pace for longer distances,” says first author Jessica Selinger. But this wasn’t the case. Most of the runners analyzed stuck with the same speed, whether they were going for a short run or a long one over ten kilometers.
From an evolutionary (进化) standpoint, it makes sense that people would run at the speed that uses the least amount of energy. This caloric conservation is something that has been observed across the animal kingdom. But humans’ reasons for running have changed, and if the goal is speed, there are some tricks runners can use.
Listening to music with a faster pace has been shown to help speed up stride (步伐) frequency, which increases running speed. In addition, picking faster running partners can give you a boost.
Hicks hopes that having large pools of fitness data from wearables will help researchers gain insights about populations. “You can look at connections with the built environment and access to leisure resources and start to layer all of that data to really understand how to improve physical activity and health more broadly,” says Hicks.
32. What do the racers have to overcome during the race
A. Energy consumption. B. Muscle loss.
C. Weakness of humanity. D. Lack of nutrients.
33. What was the team’s initial idea concerning running
A. People would run in the wild rather than in labs.
B. People adjust their speeds to different distances.
C. People run at a constant speed regardless of distance.
D. People possess enormous potential for running faster.
34. Why are “listening to music” and “picking partners” mentioned in paragraph 5
A. To offer tips on speed increase.
B. To evaluate the advantages of running.
C. To explain the importance of fast running.
D. To reveal the change in human running goals.
35. What’s Hicks’ attitude to the information obtained from wearables
A Unclear. B. Critical. C. Doubtful. D. Favorable.
山东省烟台市2020-2021学年高二下学期期末考试试卷英语试卷
第一节（共15小题；每小题2.5分，满分37.5分）
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。
A
TikTok, an app dominated by Gen Z, is the place for a lot of things: You can discover emerging designers, participate in dance challenges and even stream fashion shows. But there's another space on TikTok that's also taking off—let's call it BookTok.
Digital book clubs are increasing in popularity on the app. Various “bookfluencers” are creating content around their favorite books, and developing accounts that are strictly devoted to book talk. The power of BookTok is not to be underestimated: Some TikTok book accounts, like @alifeofliterature, have featured old books and motivated them back onto best-seller lists, proving that Gen Z's appetite for books is very much alive.
Surfing the app can be tiresome, but fear not: We have rounded up a selection of BookTok pages that are well worth a follow. Below are four bookfluencers to know.
@abbysbooks
Why to follow: This book devotee frequently offers her recommendations, and makes funny TikToks about trying to find comfortable positions to read in and what happens after she's done with a novel.
@thebooksiveloved
Why to follow: This bookfluencer's quick-fire book reviews are entertaining and honest. She'll take a book like Angeline Boulley's Firekeeper's Daughter and attract you to pick it up. She also offers handy tips on how to save money when buying books.
@24hourlibrary
Why to follow: This page works a bit like a 24-hour librarian who's always around to help with a suggestion. Plus, the user gives advice on how to read multiple books at once and how to get a copy of a book before it's released.
@ aymansbooks
Why to follow: Her page's tagline is“shut up and read”, and its TikToks give you everything you need to do so. She has highlighted books with Middle Eastern and Southern Asian representation.
1. Why does the author mention “@alifeofliterature” in paragraph 2
A. To predict the potential of TikTok. B. To explain what to expect of BookTok.
C. To illustrate how influential BookTok is. D. To show the importance of bestseller lists.
2. What can viewers do through the four bookfluencers
A. Sell eye-catching products. B. Vote for their favorite books.
C. Download their literary picks. D. Learn more about book reading.
3. Which bookfluencer offers ways to enjoy a book in advance of its publication
A. @abbysbooks. B. @thebooksiveloved. C. @24hourlibrary. D. @aymansbooks.
B
Being seventeen without money can be depressing. When the opportunity arrives to earn some needed cash, it would be foolish to pass it up. It is for this reason that when the opportunity to referee elementary basketball came my way, I jumped at the chance. I thought it would be a fun way to earn some “easy money”.
During the years I played on the court and watched the games, I often found myself criticizing the referees. I was completely convinced that I could do a much better job because of my love for basketball and my familiarity of the game. How difficult could it be, especially with a bunch of third graders
I looked forward to my first night as a referee, but all of my fantasies wore off from the beginning of the game. These sweet and innocent third grade boys immediately transformed into horrible creatures right before me. Never in my wildest dreams did I ever imagine the extent of competitiveness in the game. A battle was in progress on the court while the inhumane bystanders cheered and yelled from the stands. My only companion, the whistle, suffered from a severe case of stage fear, filling my head with doubt every time I wished to blow it. My lack of action fueled the heartless crowd. Even on the rare occasions when my whistle gained enough courage to pause the fighting, the pitiless bystanders still couldn't calm. The sense of failure flooded every inch of my soul. With only five minutes remaining, Michael, another referee, came in time, saving me from losing my mind. In a flash, I passed my whistle and quickly ran to the safety of the stands.
I realized just how difficult refereeing was. I could have let this heartbreaking evening ruin my future on the court, but instead it stimulated a sense of determination in me to do it better. I still hope to become a great referee someday. In order for this to become a reality, it will take many hours of practice and hard work. No matter how much I wish the cash would be handed to me without requiring any effort, I learned from this experience that there is no such thing as “easy money”.
4. What made the author accept the offer to serve as a basketball referee
A. His desire for money. B. His passion for basketball.
C. His poor family background. D. His academic qualifications.
5. What did the author initially think of the third grade boys before refereeing the game
A. Lovely. B. Mature. C. Impolite. D. Competitive.
6. What happened to the author during the game
A. He was too nervous to blow the whistle.
B. He was at a loss how to announce the results.
C. He couldn't avoid the bystanders' physical attack.
D. He couldn't handle the tough situation on the court.
7. What can we learn from the author's experience
A. Lazy hands make for poverty. B. Money does not grow on trees.
C. Hope for the best, prepare for the worst. D. Nothing is impossible to a willing heart.
C
Exercise and a healthy diet in childhood leads to adults with bigger brains and lower levels of anxiety, according to a new research in mice.
Though diet and exercise are consistently recommended as ways to promote health, this study is the first to examine the long-lasting, combined effects of both factors when they are experienced early in life.
The researchers determined that early-life exercise generally reduced anxious behaviors in adults. It also led to an increase in adult muscle and brain mass. When fed “Western” style diets high in fat and sugar, the mice not only became fatter, but also grew into adults that preferred unhealthy foods.
These findings have recently been published in the journal Physiology and Behavior. To obtain them, the researchers divided the young mice into four groups - those with access to exercise, those without access, those fed a standard, healthy diet and those that ate a Western diet.
Mice started on their diets immediately after weaning (断奶), and continued on them for three weeks, until they reached physical maturity. After an additional eight weeks of “washout”, during which all mice were housed without motion and on the healthy diet, the researchers did behavioral analysis and various measurements.
One of those they measured leptin, is produced by fat cells. It helps control body weight primarily by lowering the sensation of hunger and also by increasing energy consumption. Early-life exercise increased adult leptin levels as well as fat mass in adult mice, regardless of the diet they ate.
Previously, the research team found that eating too much fat and sugar as a child can change the microbiome (肠道菌群) for life, even if they later eat more healthily. Going forward, the team plans to investigate whether fat or sugar is more responsible for the negative effects they measured in Western-diet-fed mice.
Together, both studies offer critical opportunities for health interventions in childhood habits. The findings may be relevant for understanding the potential effects of activity reductions and dietary changes associated with fatness.
8. What is unique about the new study
A. It involves adults' eating behavior. B. It shows key elements for a long life.
C. It stresses separate impacts of exercise and diet. D. It highlights joint effects of early exercise and diet.
9. How did the researchers get the study results
A. By trial and error. B. By previous experience.
C. By experimenting on grouped mice. D. By comparing mice with human beings.
10. What is the main function of leptin
A. It forms fat cells. B. It brings down appetite.
C. It stimulates hunger. D. It limits energy consumption.
11. How does the author look at health interventions in early-life habits
A. Favorably. B. Critically. C. Indifferently. D. Doubtfully.
D
How can having a childlike view of the world help the environment Danish eco-artist Thomas Dambo combines a talent for recycling with a fairy-tale imagination to bring people worldwide closer to nature.
For the “Guardians of the Seeds” exhibition, Danish eco-artist Thomas Dambo built five trolls from discarded wood materials, which were appointed by Coastal Maine Botanical Gardens (CMBG) for its splendid riverside woodland.
The exhibition composed of the five trolls aims to give visitors an emotional connection with nature that will encourage them to become keepers of it. For the exhibition, Thomas came up with a story that a family of trolls hid 10 golden seeds to protect the old forest. Using a map that's provided, visitors follow clues to find where the seeds are hidden.
Besides using carefully selected recycling materials to produce his works, to challenge himself creatively, the artist allowed for a degree of production on-site. He gave a skinny troll named Birk a beard made from the roots of fallen trees. The fur of another troll Roskva is made from bark. Also, Gro, sitting with her eyes closed in a yoga pose, has a tongue made out of a nearby deserted planter.
“Thomas wants people to interact with them,” says Gretchen, president of CMBG. “He wants it to be a journey of discovery where you're walking along and all of a sudden this big magical being appears in front of you. These are friendly, happy trolls. They're not scary, mean trolls.”
Thomas hopes that “Guardians of the Seeds” gives viewers the same joy he gets from an occupation that he compares to a hobby. He says too many people lose their playfulness in their adult life. The key quality of his work is just its playfulness. One of his trolls sits on a real car on a hillside, appearing to cheerfully ride it. He wants to reactivate a childlike imagination in adults so they begin to see trash as objects that can be repurposed in practical and even picturesque ways. And he loves to entertain kids, too.
Nowadays, Mr. Dambo gets a kick out of seeking waste everywhere, hoping to find more stuff he could refashion into something amazing.
12. What does the underlined word “discarded” mean in paragraph 2
A. Given-out. B. Thrown-away. C. High-priced. D. Randomly-chosen.
13. What's the purpose of launching the exhibition
A. To set off visitors' curiosity. B. To get back the 10 golden seeds.
C. To promote the popularity of CMBG. D. To boost the bond between visitors and nature.
14. What do the examples in paragraph 4 mainly demonstrate about Thomas
A. His environmental awareness. B. His creativity and artistic gift.
C. His working efficiency and skill. D. His sense of social responsibility.
15. Which of the following can be the best title for the text
A. Thomas' Massive Troll Sculptures
B. Let Us Turn Trashed Wood into Elegant Art
C. Artist Preserves Imagination and Nature with Huge Trolls
D. Welcome to the Magic “Guardians of the Seeds” Exhibition
山东省烟台市2019-2020学年高二下学期期末考试试卷英语试卷
第一节 （共15小题;每小题2.5分，满分37.5分）
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。
A
Long Island’s hiking trails (路线) offer an escape for family time. It’s a relaxing thing to do in the stressful time, so open your senses.
Southampton Trails
Many guided trails are run in Hamptons, some suitable for kids. Behind the South Fork Natural History Museum is a small field with butterflies and birds flying about. Upon arrival, check out the posted map that shows the trails through the fields with a connection that goes all the way to Sag Harbor.
Arboretum State Historic Park, Oyster Bay
Half the park is woodland that includes nature walks and a greenhouse. You’ll see lots of wildlife from foxes to birds, a delight for kids. Pick up a map on the website and enjoy the historic Gold Coast property. Walkers can select from different paths, covering about six miles in total, as well as all different lengths to accommodate different ages and abilities.
Richard D. Fowler Preserve, Southampton
A pleasant short hike right in Southampton Village. The trail begins near the intersection of Wickapogue Road and Narrow Lane and heads through a wooded area with a river. Dress properly, for it could be a little muddy. The trail features hedges (树篱) along one side and plantings along the other. It reaches the site where the first settlers spent their first winter about 1640. This trail takes about one hour.
Downs Farm Preserve, Cutchogue
This family-friendly place is an easy walk with the trail a mile long. It’s a very peaceful location to see wildlife and birds. The trail is flat and pushchair-friendly. You’ll also find Downs River, with chairs along the way to rest. Home to the defence works of the Corchaug Indians, the preserve is on the National Park Register of Historic Places and is considered ancient land.
1. What do Southampton Trails and Arboretum State Historic Park have in common
A. They distribute free tourist maps. B. They’re convenient to get to.
C. They offer guided trails for all ages. D. They’re ideal places for bird watching.
2. What can you do in Downs Farm Preserve
A. Visit a historical site. B. Appreciate the hilly landscape.
C. Feed wild animals at random. D. Communicate with local Indians.
3. In which hiking trail is appropriate clothing suggested
A. Southampton Trails. B. Arboretum State Historic Park.
C. Richard D. Fowler Preserve. D. Downs Farm Preserve.
B
The amount of rubbish that piles on our shore lines is hugely worrying and a growing problem for the planet. It seems like no matter how remote you hike and how high you climb, there’s always a dropped plastic container there waiting for you.
Mariah Reading, an American artist, spends the majority of her time outdoors looking for inspiration for her art, based in nature and our natural surroundings. On noticing the amount of waste filling her natural areas, she decided she had to reflect it in her works.
For her latest project, Mariah is looking at both the problem of wasteful littering and the way that art itself can be wasteful in materials, taking the dropped items that fill her natural spaces and painting them to reflect the place in which they were left.
Applying paint to create her masterpieces, Mariah has collected trash (垃圾) from different mountains and parks. “I’ve been considering my relationship with art and the large amount of waste it can produce,” says Mariah. “I wanted to find ways I can confirm art and its important purpose by working with recycled materials found in landscape environments.”
“Since the 100th anniversary of the National Park Service, I’ve especially appreciated and been inspired by the natural beauty the parks offer, and found how easily we can take these precious places for granted. I seek to gather as much trash as possible, sculpt it into a canvas (画布), and paint the scene where the trash originated onto the trash itself,” says Mariah.
As well as through this project, Mariah has explored nature in her art in various different ways and through exhibitions. Mariah’s work might not solve the litter problem, but it’s just another way that we can get people talking about the problem and the ways we can prevent it from growing any larger.
4 What gave Mariah the idea of the latest project
A. The beauty of nearby scenery.
B. The rubbish-covered surroundings.
C. The potential security risks of beaches.
D. The high energy consumption of her artworks.
5. What’s the important purpose of Mariah’s art
A. To keep people from wasting natural resources.
B. To remind people of the litter problem.
C. To encourage people to explore parks.
D. To make full use of rubbish.
6. What is special about Mariah’s new artworks
A They are made of oceanic rubbish.
B. They appear in the form of sculpture.
C. They reflect the trash places on trash itself.
D. They’re designed to inspire people’s love for painting.
7. What can be the best title for the text
A. The Growing Problem of Rubbish
B. Mariah Reading: a Sociable Artist
C. An Artist Turns Waste into Amazing Works
D. Celebrate the 100th Anniversary of the National Park Service
C
Cara Clarkson and her family were overjoyed when spotting two young grizzly bears (灰熊) — one with rarely seen all-white fur, alongside the Trans-Canada Highway.
“White grizzly bears are unheard of, so it was a luxury and incredible experience,” said Cara, sharing her images and videos on social media and saying that was a real treat given that the family was out celebrating her husband’s and son’s birthdays. Mike Gibeau, an animal
specialist, said the Clarksons who encountered the white bear — now called Nakoda, are truly lucky, for white grizzly bears are incredibly rare.
The expert doesn’t believe the grizzly’s white fur is a case of albinism, a disorder in which an animal fails to produce melanin, which is responsible for skin, hair, and eye color. Instead, he thinks the bear’s unusual coloring is the result of a recessive (隐性) gene (基因), the characteristics of which are often covered by those of dominant genes. However, if both parents carry the same recessive gene — in this case, one that results in white fur — it can be passed on to latergenerations.
Though this is the first time the world has seen the white grizzly, park officials, who have known of Nakoda’s existence since 2018, never publicized the unique bear due to fear that it would be heartlessly run after by fans eager to see these unusual-looking animals.
As it turns out, they were right. Nakoda’s photos and videos, which have gone viral, have led to crowds of people rushing to the bear’s current location, resulting in unsafe parking and traffic jams. The concerned officials enforced a 10-kilometer no-stopping zone, which they hope will inform visitors to travel through the area safely and to prevent these bears from getting hit on the highway.
Wildlife experts, who are trying to lead the young grizzlies away from the highway, hope to help them develop a behavior of avoidance of humans and eventually head to the forests, where they can live a long, healthy life.
8. For the Clarksons, what does “a real treat” in paragraph 2 refer to
A. Observing two birthdays.
B. The reunion of the family.
C. Sharing their experience online.
D. The sighting of a white grizzly bear.
9. What is the main idea of paragraph 3
A. The classification of genes.
B. The effect of a physical disorder.
C. The possible cause of the bear’s white fur.
D. The characteristics of recessive and dominant genes.
10. Why did the park officials hide Nakoda’s existence from the public
A. To save the trouble of further explanation.
B. To protect it from crazy disturbance.
C. To stop it being mercilessly shot.
D. To avoid enthusiastic reporters.
11. What do wildlife experts expect of the young grizzlies
A. They’ll stay where they belong.
B. They’ll ignore human activities.
C. They’ll safely cross the highway.
D. They’ll live in harmony with humans.
D
We live in a society that labels everything. We like the convenience of neatly packaged words so we can sum up the person, place or thing and know what to expect. However, especially with children, even harmless labels (标签) can play a lasting role in self-respect, behavior and long-term personality.
Children develop and define their sense of self by processing what others tell them about who they are, what they are good at, how they behave and so on. The communication principle of the “Looking-Glass Self” from Charles Cooley can be applied. Cooley believes that by reflecting back to us who we are, other people function as mirrors for us. Every time a teacher says he or she is a “good student” or a coach says “average player”, that helps define the way the child views himself or herself. Typically, that label will follow them for years to come.
However, parents often refer to children with less severe labels that are just as significant. If you notice one child follows musical interests, he becomes “the musician”. Another loves sports, and she becomes “the athlete”. Another excels in school and is the “brainiac”. None of those labels has negative ideas, but can classify children into pre-defined boxes. What if the “brainiac” really wants to try soccer Unfortunately, there is already an “athlete” in the family, which creates a fight or flight response. The child can either fight to redefine his or her place as a smart child who also plays soccer, or go back to where he or she has already been.
Labels have much more of an impact that we realize, and we need to be mindful of how we talk about our children. If you must define certain things about them to yourself or others, try to choose positive versions of the same quality, i.e. “cautious” rather than “timid” (胆小的). Keeping the focus on the child’s positive qualities, while avoiding labels, can encourage children to become healthy and happy.
12. What can we learn from the principle of “Looking-Glass Self”
A. One tends to satisfy others’ curiosity.
B. One gains the sense of identity by mirror.
C. Children will live up to the expectations of their parents.
D. People shape self-concepts by understanding how others view them.
13. If the “brainiac” girl decides to play soccer, what will happen
A. Her family will be in favor of her.
B. She must struggle or she must quit.
C. Her family will deny her athletic talent.
D. She can’t but give in to parental authority.
14. Which word can best describe a child who performs well in class interaction
A. Active. B. Influential.
C. Intelligent. D. Competitive.
15. What’s the author’s attitude towards labeling children
A. Uncertain. B. Indifferent.
C. Negative. D. Positive.
答案：
山东省烟台市2021-2022学年高二下学期期末考试试卷英语试卷
【答案】21. B 22. C 23. D
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇应用文。文章主要介绍了多切斯特大酒店主办的DSWF野生动物舞会将于2022年7月27日举行，文章就其相关的项目活动安排，目的以及费用进行了详细解释。
【21题详解】
细节理解题。根据文章“Join a black-tie gastronomical safari”部分内容“As part of a black-tie gastronomical safari, guests will be treated to a mouth-watering three-course meal, enjoy world-class entertainment and listen to insightful and inspiring speeches about DSWF’s conservation work to turn the tables on extinction.(作为正式的美食之旅的一部分，宾客们将享用令人垂涎的三道大餐，享受世界级的娱乐活动，并聆听有关社会福利基金会保护动物工作的富有见地和鼓舞人心的演讲。)”可知，在这次的DSWF野生动物舞会将会给客人提供美味大餐。故选B项。
【22题详解】
细节理解题。根据文章“Join a black-tie gastronomical safari”部分内容“We are really excited to invite you back to the Dorchester Hotel, who are our generous hosts, and together aim to celebrate wildlife and the wilderness in style and to raise vital funds to help in the fight for a greener future.(我们非常激动地邀请您再次来到多尔切斯特酒店——我们的慷慨东道主，我们将共同以时尚的方式赞美野生动物和荒野，并筹集重要的资金，帮助争取更绿色的未来。)”可知，2020野生动物舞会的目的在于赞美野生动物和荒野，筹集资金。故选C项。
【23题详解】
细节理解题。根据文章“Book tickets to the Wildlife Ball 2022”部分内容“Individual Tickets: 200 (Children under 12 get 40% off)(个人票：200英镑（12岁以下儿童4折）)”可知，单人票价为200英镑，12岁以下儿童4折应是“200英镑*（100%-40%）=120英镑”，因此，一对夫妇两人带着10岁的双胞胎儿童，票价应是“200英镑*2+120英镑*2=640英镑”。故选D项。
【答案】24. B 25. C 26. A 27. D
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章通过具体例子介绍了俄勒冈州的Girls Build夏令营，它通过教女孩们实际操作的建造技能，来提高她们对自己能力的信心。
【24题详解】
细节理解题。根据第二段关键句““If something breaks, I want them to have the confidence to open that up,” Hughes says. “It’s our mission and objective to inspire curiosity and confidence in girls through the world of building.””（休斯说：“如果有什么东西坏了，我希望她们有信心打开局面。”“我们的使命和目标是通过建筑的世界激发女孩的好奇心和信心。”）可知，营地的负责人休斯说，营地的使命和目标是通过建筑的世界激发女孩的好奇心和信心，由此可知，在营地里教女孩实际操作的建造技能是为了提高女孩对自己能力的信心。故选B项。
【25题详解】
细节理解题。根据第四段内容“But other parents ask the obvious question—is pairing pre-teens and power tools a good idea Hughes stresses Girls Build is very concerned with safety, and instructors consider girls’ ages when pairing them with tools.”（但其他家长提出了一个显而易见的问题：将学龄前儿童整天接触电动工具是一个好主意吗？休斯强调，Girls Build非常注重安全，导师在给女孩配工具时会考虑女孩的年龄。）可知，家长们担心学龄前儿童使用电动工具是否安全，由此可知，一些家长对营地的主要担忧是安全问题。故选C项。
【26题详解】
推理判断题。根据最后一段内容“These girls are learning many things can be built, taken apart, and put back together. They don’t have to fit themselves into the designed world—they can build a world that fits them. And that knowledge is a pretty powerful tool to have in their belts.”（这些女孩正在学习许多可以建造、拆卸和组装的东西。她们不必让自己融入设计的世界，她们可以建立一个适合自己的世界。而她们在动手建造时学到的知识是一个非常强大的工具。）可知，女孩们可以通过学习知识建立一个适合自己的世界，这些知识是非常强大的工具，由此可知，最后一段传达给我们的信息是知识就是力量。故选A项。
【27题详解】
推理判断题。通读文章，结合第一段关键句“At Girls Build summer camp in Oregon, girls are learning how to use power tools like saws and drills. The camp is filled with construction excitement.”（在俄勒冈州的Girls Build夏令营，女孩们正在学习如何使用锯子和钻头等电动工具。营地里充满了建筑的激情。）可知，文章主要介绍了俄勒冈州的Girls Build夏令营，通过教女孩们实际操作的建造技能，来提高她们对自己能力的信心，由此可知，关于夏令营活动的文章可能出自一本受欢迎的杂志。故选D项。
【答案】28. B 29. D 30. C 31. C
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了巴拿马的一组年轻研究人员发现了一种特殊的蚂蚁，它可以迅速修复宿主树的任何损伤。介绍了他们发现这种蚂蚁的经过以及研究的意义。
【28题详解】
主旨大意题。根据第二段“The events leading to the discovery began in mid-2020, when Alex and his friends would kill time by shooting clay balls at trees with a slingshot. They targeted the thin Cecropia trees to make the task more challenging. Things went well until one clay ball accidentally hit a tree trunk, leaving a clean exit and entry wound.(导致这一发现的事件始于2020年中期，当时亚历克斯和他的朋友们会用弹弓向树射粘土球来消磨时间。他们以细细的天蚕树为目标，使任务更具挑战性。一切都很顺利，直到一个粘土球意外地击中了树干，留下了一个干净的出口和射入伤口)”可知，第二段主要讲的是新发现的原因。故选B。
【29题详解】
推理判断题。根据第三段中“Concerned that he had caused permanent damage, Alex went back to examine the tree the following morning, accompanied by his father William, an entomologist at the Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute (STRI).(第二天早上，亚历克斯在他的父亲——史密森尼热带研究所的昆虫学家威廉的陪同下，担心自己给这棵树造成了永久性的伤害，便回去检查)”可推知，Alex返回检查树木的感觉是不安。故选D。
【30题详解】
词句猜测题。根据画线词后文“insects, using material from the trees, significantly reduced the size of the hole soon”以及“In most cases, the gap was completely filled up within 24 hours.(在大多数情况下，这一空白在24小时内就被完全填补了)”可知，洞的大小明显缩小了，可见是这些昆虫利用树上的材料努力工作完成的。故画线词意思是“努力工作的”。故选C。
【31题详解】
细节理解题。根据最后一段“Alex and his team, who recently published their findings, still have one riddle to solve. They aren’t sure why the insects didn’t repair all the holes. Understanding this selective behavior is something they hope to explore in the future — stay tuned!(亚历克斯和他的团队最近发表了他们的发现，他们还有一个谜需要解决。 他们不确定为什么昆虫没有修复所有的洞。 理解这种选择性行为是他们希望在未来探索的事情——敬请期待！)”可知，亚历克斯想解决的问题是为什么蚂蚁只是修复某些树洞。故选C。
【答案】32. A 33. B 34. A 35. D
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了研究人员发现人类要想提高跑步速度，关键是克服能量消耗问题，并给出了一些提高跑步速度的建议。
【32题详解】
细节理解题。根据第一段关键句“By combining data from runners monitored in a lab along with 37,000 runs recorded on wearable fitness trackers, scientists have found that humans’ natural tendency is to run at a speed that conserves caloric loss—something that racers seeking to shave time off their miles will have to get over.”（通过将实验室监测的跑步者数据与可穿戴健身跟踪器记录的37000次跑步数据相结合，科学家发现，人类的自然倾向是以节省热量损失的速度跑步，而寻求缩短完成里程所需时间的参赛者必须克服这一点。）可知，人类的自然倾向是以节省热量损失的速度跑步，要想以更快的速度跑步，就要克服能量消耗的问题，由此可知，参赛者在比赛中必须克服的是能量消耗问题。故选A项。
【33题详解】
细节理解题。根据第三段关键句““We had assumed earlier that people ran faster for shorter distances and then would slow their pace for longer distances,” says first author Jessica Selinger.”（主要作者杰西卡·塞林格说：“我们之前假设人们在短距离内跑得更快，然后在长距离内放慢步伐。”）可知，研究人员最初认为人们跑步时会根据不同的距离调整速度，在短距离内跑得更快，然后在长距离内放慢步伐，由此可知，团队最初对跑步的想法是人们会根据不同的距离调整速度。故选B项。
【34题详解】
推理判断题。根据第五段内容“Listening to music with a faster pace has been shown to help speed up stride (步伐) frequency, which increases running speed. In addition, picking faster running partners can give you a boost.”（听节奏更快的音乐有助于加快步频，从而提高跑步速度。此外，选择跑得更快的伙伴一起跑步可以给你带来动力。）可知，“听节奏更快的音乐”和“选择跑得更快的伙伴一起跑步”都是提高跑步速度的方法，由此可知，第五段提到“听音乐”和“挑选伙伴”是为了提供关于提高跑步速度的建议。故选A项。
【35题详解】
推理判断题。根据最后一段内容“Hicks hopes that having large pools of fitness data from wearables will help researchers gain insights about populations. “You can look at connections with the built environment and access to leisure resources and start to layer all of that data to really understand how to improve physical activity and health more broadly,” says Hicks.”（希克斯希望，拥有大量来自可穿戴设备的健康数据将有助于研究人员了解人口状况。希克斯说：“你可以看看与建筑环境和休闲资源的联系，并开始对所有这些数据进行分层，以真正了解如何更广泛地改善体育活动和健康。”）可知，希克斯认为来自可穿戴设备的健康数据将有助于研究人员了解人口状况，通过分析数据，真正了解如何更广泛地改善体育活动和健康，由此可推断出，希克斯对从可穿戴设备上获得的信息的态度是赞许的。故选D项。
山东省烟台市2020-2021学年高二下学期期末考试试卷英语试卷
【答案】1. C 2. D 3. C
【答案】4. A 5. A 6. D 7. B
【答案】8. D 9. C 10. B 11. A
【答案】12. B 13. D 14. B 15. C
山东省烟台市2019-2020学年高二下学期期末考试试卷英语试卷
【答案】1. D 2. A 3. C
【解析】
这是一篇说明文。短文介绍了位于美国纽约东南部岛屿---长岛的四处适合徒步的旅游景点。
【1题详解】
细节理解题。根据Southampton Trails中的“ Behind the South Fork Natural History Museum is a small field with butterflies and birds flying about.” 在南福克自然历史博物馆的后面是一片小天地，蝴蝶和鸟儿四处飞舞。根据Arboretum State Historic Park, Oyster Bay中的“You’ll see lots of wildlife from foxes to birds, a delight for kids.” 你会看到很多野生动物，从狐狸到鸟类，孩子们都很喜欢。所以Southampton Trails 和Arboretum State Historic Park共同点是它们是观鸟的理想场所。故选D项。
【2题详解】
细节理解题。根据Downs Farm Preserve, Cutchogue中的“Home to the defence works of the Corchaug Indians, the preserve is on the National Park Register of Historic Places and is considered ancient land.” 作为科肖格印第安人防御工程的所在地，该保护区被列入国家公园历史遗迹名录，被认为是古老的土地。由此可知，在Downs Farm Preserve人们能参观历史遗迹。故选A项。
【3题详解】
细节理解题。根据Richard D. Fowler Preserve, Southampton中的“Dress properly, for it could be a little muddy.”可知，穿合适的衣服，因为可能有点泥泞。由此可知，建议在Richard D. Fowler Preserve要穿合适的衣服。故选C项。
【答案】4. B 5. B 6. C 7. C
【解析】
这是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲了Mariah Reading，一位美国艺术家，在最新的作品中，以垃圾为绘画题材，进行艺术创作，旨在唤醒人们的环保意识。
【4题详解】
细节理解题。根据第二段Mariah Reading, an American artist, spends the majority of her time outdoors looking for inspiration for her art, based in nature and our natural surroundings. On noticing the amount of waste filling her natural areas, she decided she had to reflect it in her works.（Mariah Reading，一位美国艺术家，花了大部分时间在户外寻找她艺术灵感，基于自然和我们的自然环境。当她注意到大量的废弃物充斥着她的自然区域时，她决定在她的作品中体现出来。）由此可知，被垃圾覆盖的环境让Mariah产生了这个最新作品的灵感。故选B。
【5题详解】
推理判断题。根据第三段For her latest project, Mariah is looking at both the problem of wasteful littering and the way that art itself can be wasteful in materials, taking the dropped items that fill her natural spaces and painting them to reflect the place in which they were left.（在她的最新作品中，Mariah关注了垃圾浪费的问题和艺术本身在材料上的浪费，她把那些填满她的自然空间的物品画出来，以反映它们被留在的地方）和最后一段Mariah’s work might not solve the litter problem, but it’s just another way that we can get people talking about the problem and the ways we can prevent it from growing any larger.（Mariah的工作也许不能解决垃圾问题，但这只是另一种方式，我们可以让人们谈论这个问题，以及防止垃圾变得更大）可知Mariah艺术的重要目的是提醒人们垃圾的问题。故选B。
【6题详解】
细节理解题。根据第五段 I seek to gather as much trash as possible, sculpt it into a canvas (画布), and paint the scene where the trash originated onto the trash itself,” says Mariah.（我试图收集尽可能多垃圾，雕刻成一张画布，然后在垃圾本身上画出垃圾产生的场景，”Mariah说。）由此可知，Mariah的新作品的特别之处在于它们把垃圾的位置反映在垃圾本身上。故选C。
【7题详解】
主旨大意题。第二段On noticing the amount of waste filling her natural areas, she decided she had to reflect it in her works.（当她注意到大量的废弃物充斥着她的自然区域时，她决定在她的作品中体现出来）是全文的主题句，结合全文内容，可知这篇文章主要讲了Mariah Reading，一位美国艺术家，在最新的作品中，她收集了尽可能多的垃圾，雕刻成一张画布，然后在垃圾本身上画出垃圾产生的场景，旨在唤醒人们的环保意识。所以这篇文章最好的题目是“艺术家把废物变成令人惊叹的作品”，该题目紧扣文章主题。故选C。
【答案】8. D 9. C 10. B 11. A
【解析】
本文是新闻报道。Cara一家在高速公路上遇到了罕见的白灰熊，引起了人们的关注。野生动物专家想方设法保护白灰熊不受人类的干扰，引导它们远离高速公路，在森林里过健康长寿的生活。
【8题详解】
猜测词义题。根据上句White grizzly bears are unheard of, so it was a luxury and incredible experience和下文truly lucky, for white grizzly bears are incredibly rare.可知Cara对白灰熊是闻所未闻的，她认为见到白灰熊是一次奢侈而不可思议的经历。此处用a real treat指见到了白灰熊让她们一家一饱眼福，故选D。
【9题详解】
主旨大意题。根据第三段中的The expert doesn’t believe the grizzly’s white fur is a case of albinism, …… Instead, he thinks the bear’s unusual coloring is the result of a recessive (隐性) gene (基因), the characteristics of which are often covered by those of dominant genes.可知专家不认为灰熊的白色皮毛是白化病的表现。他认为熊的不寻常的颜色是一种隐性基因，其特征通常被显性基因所掩盖。由此推知本段是分析熊的白色皮毛的可能原因，故选C。
【10题详解】
细节理解题。根据第四段park officials, who have known of Nakoda’s existence since 2018, never publicized the unique bear due to fear that it would be heartlessly run after by fans eager to see these unusual-looking animals.可知自2018年起，公园官员们就知道了Nakoda的存在，但他们从未公开过，因为担心那些希望看到这些长相奇特动物的粉丝们会无情地追逐它，即公园官员们想保护白灰熊不受疯狂的干扰。故选B。
【11题详解】
推理判断题。根据最后一段中的Wildlife experts, who are trying to lead the young grizzlies away from the highway, hope to help them develop a behavior of avoidance of humans and eventually head to the forests, where they can live a long, healthy life.可知野生动物专家正试图引导小灰熊远离高速公路，希望帮助它们养成躲避人类的习性，并最终去森林，在那里过健康长寿的生活。由此推知野生动物专家希望小灰熊生活在属于它们的地方。故选A。
【答案】12. D 13. B 14. A 15. C
【解析】
本文是一篇议论文。文章讨论了给孩子贴标签，会给孩子带来很大的不利影响，所以我们应该避免给孩子贴标签，要把注意力放在孩子的积极品质上，这样才会让孩子健康快乐地成长。
【12题详解】
细节理解题。根据第二段中的“Children develop and define their sense of self by processing what others tell them about who they are, what they are good at, how they behave and so on. The communication principle of the “Looking-Glass Self” from Charles Cooley can be applied. Cooley believes that by reflecting back to us who we are, other people function as mirrors for us”可知，孩子们通过处理别人告诉他们自己是谁，他们擅长什么，他们的行为举止等等，来发展和定义他们的自我意识，查尔斯·库利的镜子自我交流原理就是这个道理，库利认为，通过反思我们是谁，其他人对我们来说就像一面镜子。由此可知，查尔斯·库利的镜子自我交流原理认为人们通过理解他人如何看待自己来塑造自我概念，故D项正确。
【13题详解】
细节理解题。根据第三段中的“What if the “brainiac” really wants to try soccer Unfortunately, there is already an “athlete” in the family, which creates a fight or flight response. The child can either fight to redefine his or her place as a smart child who also plays soccer, or go back to where he or she has already been.”可知，如果一个聪明的女孩真的想尝试踢足球呢？不幸的是，家里已经有了一个足球运动员，这就产生了一种奋斗或逃跑的反应，她要么努力重新定义自己的地位，让自己成为一个聪明的足球运动员，要么回到原点（要么努力奋斗要么放弃），故B项正确。
【14题详解】
推理判断题。根据最后一段中的“Labels have much more of an impact that we realize, and we need to be mindful of how we talk about our children. If you must define certain things about them to yourself or others, try to choose positive versions of the same quality, i.e. “cautious” rather than “timid” (胆小的). Keeping the focus on the child’s positive qualities, while avoiding labels,”可知，我们意识到，标签的影响要大得多，我们需要注意如何谈论我们的孩子，如果你一定要给别人定义，尽量选择同样意思的积极词语，比如用“谨慎”而不是“胆小”，把注意力放在孩子的积极品质上，同时避免贴标签，由此可知，将一个在课堂互动中表现出色的孩子描述为“活跃的”是最合理的，故A项正确。
【15题详解】
推理判断题。根据最后一段中的“If you must define certain things about them to yourself or others, try to choose positive versions of the same quality, i.e. “cautious” rather than “timid” (胆小的). Keeping the focus on the child’s positive qualities, while avoiding labels, can encourage children to become healthy and happy.”可知，如果你一定要给别人定义，尽量选择同样意思的积极词语，比如用“谨慎”而不是“胆小”，把注意力放在孩子的积极品质上，同时避免标签，这样才会让孩子健康快乐地成长，由此可知，作者对给孩子贴标签持否定的态度，故C项正确。
2019-2022学年高二下学期英语期末试卷汇编
阅读理解
山东省烟台市2021-2022学年高二下学期期末考试试卷英语试卷
第一节（共15小题；每小题2.5分，满分37.5分）
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。
A
David Shepherd Wildlife Foundation (DSWF) is delighted to welcome faithful supporters and new friends to join us at our annual Wildlife Ball to celebrate the natural world and conservation. Hosted by the grand Dorchester Hotel in London, the DSWF Wildlife Ball will take place on the 27th July 2022 where we’ll bring the wilderness to life with our very own Sundown Safari (观赏之旅).
Join a black-tie gastronomical (美食) safari
As part of a black-tie gastronomical safari, guests will be treated to a mouth-watering three-course meal, enjoy world-class entertainment and listen to insightful and inspiring speeches about DSWF’s conservation work to turn the tables on extinction.
The DSWF Wildlife Ball helps raise vital funds and awareness for our essential work, protecting endangered species and their habitats across the world. After a year away we are excited to be welcoming you back and look forward to being your guides at what promises to be a night to remember in support of wildlife.
Last year, the virtual Wildlife Ball raised over 800,000 for DSWF’s vital conservation efforts across Africa and Asia, despite not being able to celebrate in person. We are really excited to invite you back to the Dorchester Hotel, who are our generous hosts, and together aim to celebrate wildlife and the wilderness in style and to raise vital funds to help in the fight for a greener future.
Book tickets to the Wildlife Ball 2022
Book tickets or register your interest today to avoid disappointment. Either by emailing the team at wildlifeball@davidshepherd.org or by calling the DSWF office on 01483 272323.
Individual Tickets: 200 (Children under 12 get 40% off)
VIP packages are available on request.
21. What do we learn about Wildlife Ball 2022
A. It’ll be held in the wild. B. It’ll offer guests a delicious meal.
C. It’ll allow guests to watch ball games. D. It’ll be followed by a guided tour of London.
22. What’s the main purpose of hosting Wildlife Ball 2022
A. To entertain sponsors. B. To establish reputation.
C. To obtain financial support. D. To interact with wild animals.
23. What’s the admission fee for a couple with their ten-year-old twins
A. 440. B. 520. C. 560. D. 640.
B
At Girls Build summer camp in Oregon, girls are learning how to use power tools like saws and drills. The camp is filled with construction excitement. Wearing hard hats and tool belts (腰带) wrapped twice around their tiny waists, girls are working on everything from pouring concrete planters to covering the roof of a sandbox. With every project they turn a pile of raw material into an actual structure.
Hughes, the camp’s director, says the girls can produce professional-quality products. She is a carpenter (木匠) with a degree in social work. While she’d like to see more women in the trade and the gender (性别) imbalance even out, she says more than any future career, it’s a sense of mastery and fearlessness the instructors are trying to pass along to the kids. “If something breaks, I want them to have the confidence to open that up,” Hughes says. “It’s our mission and objective to inspire curiosity and confidence in girls through the world of building.”
Alifanz, who sent her 8-year-old twins to Girls Build, says, “There’s not nothing they can’t do, but there’s nothing they can’t try. And that’s a lot for them to take away in a week.” Knowledge like that changes how they see the world built around them and they show appreciation of the actual effort that goes into making the world work.
But other parents ask the obvious question—is pairing pre-teens and power tools a good idea Hughes stresses Girls Build is very concerned with safety, and instructors consider girls’ ages when pairing them with tools.
9-year-old Aleeyah takes pride in mastering these practical skills many adults are lacking. “I like it when you can be your own self, and it brings out who you really are,” says Aleeyah.
These girls are learning many things can be built, taken apart, and put back together. They don’t have to fit themselves into the designed world—they can build a world that fits them. And that knowledge is a pretty powerful tool to have in their belts.
24. Why are girls taught hands-on building skills in the camp
A. To enhance girls’ social position.
B. To boost girls’ faith in their capacity.
C. To stimulate girls’ interest in woodwork.
D. To prepare girls for construction-related jobs.
25 What is the major concern of some parents about the camp
A. Service. B. Expense. C. Security. D. Discipline.
26. What is the message conveyed in the last paragraph
A. Knowledge is power.
B. It’s never too late to mend.
C. There’s no such thing as a free lunch.
D. One must first sharpen one’s tools to do good work.
27. What is the text most likely from
A. A fictional novel. B. A career guidebook. C. A project handbook. D. A popular magazine.
C
Recently, a team of young researchers in Panama has found a special ant species that rapidly repairs any damage to its host tree.
The events leading to the discovery began in mid-2020, when Alex and his friends would kill time by shooting clay balls at trees with a slingshot. They targeted the thin Cecropia trees to make the task more challenging. Things went well until one clay ball accidentally hit a tree trunk, leaving a clean exit and entry wound.
Concerned that he had caused permanent damage, Alex went back to examine the tree the following morning, accompanied by his father William, an entomologist at the Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute (STRI). To their surprise, the hole had been completely mended! Curious to find out what was going on, Alex and his friends enlisted in the STRI’s volunteer program.
The teens, as instructed, drilled holes in the Cecropia trees and then carefully documented what followed. The young scientists found that in 14 of the 22 cases, groups of Azteca alfari ants immediately gathered in the damaged area and instantly got to work without a break. The industrious insects, using material from the trees, significantly reduced the size of the hole soon. In most cases, the gap was completely filled up within 24 hours.
The sand-colored insects’ harmonious relationship with the Cecropia trees has been known for many years. The trees provide the ants with food and shelter. In return, the insects protect their leaves from plant-eating animals. However, their repair skills — which researchers suspect have been developed fixing damage caused by the sharp nails of the sloths that frequent the trees — had never been seen before.
“This project allowed us to experience first-hand all the complicated details behind a scientific study. It was really a great learning experience,” said Alex.
Alex and his team, who recently published their findings, still have one riddle to solve. They aren’t sure why the insects didn’t repair all the holes. Understanding this selective behavior is something they hope to explore in the future — stay tuned!
28. What is paragraph 2 mainly about
A. The fun of playing outdoors. B. The cause of the new findings.
C. The intention of using a slingshot. D. The reason for targeting the Cecropia trees.
29. With what kind of feeling did Alex return to check the tree
A. Curiosity. B. Optimism. C. Confusion. D. Uneasiness.
30. What does the underlined word “industrious” mean in paragraph 4
A. Grateful. B. Sorrowful. C. Hardworking. D. Impatient.
31. What problem does Alex expect to settle
A. Whether ants are expert at tree repair. B. How ants fix damage to their host trees.
C. Why ants merely repair certain tree holes. D. What relationship ants keep with the Cecropia trees.
D
As race season approaches, many runners have the same goal: go faster. But in a study published in the journal Current Biology, researchers show that speeding up might require us to resist our natural biology. By combining data from runners monitored in a lab along with 37,000 runs recorded on wearable fitness trackers, scientists have found that humans’ natural tendency is to run at a speed that conserves caloric loss—something that racers seeking to shave time off their miles will have to get over.
The research group have been studying the mechanics of running in labs for 15 years but hadn’t gotten a chance to study running in the wild before. “We joined the two datasets to gain new insights and combine the more messy wearable data with the gold standard lab experiments to learn about how people run out,” says co-author Jennifer Hicks.
What surprised the team was the consistency they found across the combined datasets. “We had assumed earlier that people ran faster for shorter distances and then would slow their pace for longer distances,” says first author Jessica Selinger. But this wasn’t the case. Most of the runners analyzed stuck with the same speed, whether they were going for a short run or a long one over ten kilometers.
From an evolutionary (进化) standpoint, it makes sense that people would run at the speed that uses the least amount of energy. This caloric conservation is something that has been observed across the animal kingdom. But humans’ reasons for running have changed, and if the goal is speed, there are some tricks runners can use.
Listening to music with a faster pace has been shown to help speed up stride (步伐) frequency, which increases running speed. In addition, picking faster running partners can give you a boost.
Hicks hopes that having large pools of fitness data from wearables will help researchers gain insights about populations. “You can look at connections with the built environment and access to leisure resources and start to layer all of that data to really understand how to improve physical activity and health more broadly,” says Hicks.
32. What do the racers have to overcome during the race
A. Energy consumption. B. Muscle loss.
C. Weakness of humanity. D. Lack of nutrients.
33. What was the team’s initial idea concerning running
A. People would run in the wild rather than in labs.
B. People adjust their speeds to different distances.
C. People run at a constant speed regardless of distance.
D. People possess enormous potential for running faster.
34. Why are “listening to music” and “picking partners” mentioned in paragraph 5
A. To offer tips on speed increase.
B. To evaluate the advantages of running.
C. To explain the importance of fast running.
D. To reveal the change in human running goals.
35. What’s Hicks’ attitude to the information obtained from wearables
A Unclear. B. Critical. C. Doubtful. D. Favorable.
山东省烟台市2020-2021学年高二下学期期末考试试卷英语试卷
第一节（共15小题；每小题2.5分，满分37.5分）
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。
A
TikTok, an app dominated by Gen Z, is the place for a lot of things: You can discover emerging designers, participate in dance challenges and even stream fashion shows. But there's another space on TikTok that's also taking off—let's call it BookTok.
Digital book clubs are increasing in popularity on the app. Various “bookfluencers” are creating content around their favorite books, and developing accounts that are strictly devoted to book talk. The power of BookTok is not to be underestimated: Some TikTok book accounts, like @alifeofliterature, have featured old books and motivated them back onto best-seller lists, proving that Gen Z's appetite for books is very much alive.
Surfing the app can be tiresome, but fear not: We have rounded up a selection of BookTok pages that are well worth a follow. Below are four bookfluencers to know.
@abbysbooks
Why to follow: This book devotee frequently offers her recommendations, and makes funny TikToks about trying to find comfortable positions to read in and what happens after she's done with a novel.
@thebooksiveloved
Why to follow: This bookfluencer's quick-fire book reviews are entertaining and honest. She'll take a book like Angeline Boulley's Firekeeper's Daughter and attract you to pick it up. She also offers handy tips on how to save money when buying books.
@24hourlibrary
Why to follow: This page works a bit like a 24-hour librarian who's always around to help with a suggestion. Plus, the user gives advice on how to read multiple books at once and how to get a copy of a book before it's released.
@ aymansbooks
Why to follow: Her page's tagline is“shut up and read”, and its TikToks give you everything you need to do so. She has highlighted books with Middle Eastern and Southern Asian representation.
1. Why does the author mention “@alifeofliterature” in paragraph 2
A. To predict the potential of TikTok. B. To explain what to expect of BookTok.
C. To illustrate how influential BookTok is. D. To show the importance of bestseller lists.
2. What can viewers do through the four bookfluencers
A. Sell eye-catching products. B. Vote for their favorite books.
C. Download their literary picks. D. Learn more about book reading.
3. Which bookfluencer offers ways to enjoy a book in advance of its publication
A. @abbysbooks. B. @thebooksiveloved. C. @24hourlibrary. D. @aymansbooks.
B
Being seventeen without money can be depressing. When the opportunity arrives to earn some needed cash, it would be foolish to pass it up. It is for this reason that when the opportunity to referee elementary basketball came my way, I jumped at the chance. I thought it would be a fun way to earn some “easy money”.
During the years I played on the court and watched the games, I often found myself criticizing the referees. I was completely convinced that I could do a much better job because of my love for basketball and my familiarity of the game. How difficult could it be, especially with a bunch of third graders
I looked forward to my first night as a referee, but all of my fantasies wore off from the beginning of the game. These sweet and innocent third grade boys immediately transformed into horrible creatures right before me. Never in my wildest dreams did I ever imagine the extent of competitiveness in the game. A battle was in progress on the court while the inhumane bystanders cheered and yelled from the stands. My only companion, the whistle, suffered from a severe case of stage fear, filling my head with doubt every time I wished to blow it. My lack of action fueled the heartless crowd. Even on the rare occasions when my whistle gained enough courage to pause the fighting, the pitiless bystanders still couldn't calm. The sense of failure flooded every inch of my soul. With only five minutes remaining, Michael, another referee, came in time, saving me from losing my mind. In a flash, I passed my whistle and quickly ran to the safety of the stands.
I realized just how difficult refereeing was. I could have let this heartbreaking evening ruin my future on the court, but instead it stimulated a sense of determination in me to do it better. I still hope to become a great referee someday. In order for this to become a reality, it will take many hours of practice and hard work. No matter how much I wish the cash would be handed to me without requiring any effort, I learned from this experience that there is no such thing as “easy money”.
4. What made the author accept the offer to serve as a basketball referee
A. His desire for money. B. His passion for basketball.
C. His poor family background. D. His academic qualifications.
5. What did the author initially think of the third grade boys before refereeing the game
A. Lovely. B. Mature. C. Impolite. D. Competitive.
6. What happened to the author during the game
A. He was too nervous to blow the whistle.
B. He was at a loss how to announce the results.
C. He couldn't avoid the bystanders' physical attack.
D. He couldn't handle the tough situation on the court.
7. What can we learn from the author's experience
A. Lazy hands make for poverty. B. Money does not grow on trees.
C. Hope for the best, prepare for the worst. D. Nothing is impossible to a willing heart.
C
Exercise and a healthy diet in childhood leads to adults with bigger brains and lower levels of anxiety, according to a new research in mice.
Though diet and exercise are consistently recommended as ways to promote health, this study is the first to examine the long-lasting, combined effects of both factors when they are experienced early in life.
The researchers determined that early-life exercise generally reduced anxious behaviors in adults. It also led to an increase in adult muscle and brain mass. When fed “Western” style diets high in fat and sugar, the mice not only became fatter, but also grew into adults that preferred unhealthy foods.
These findings have recently been published in the journal Physiology and Behavior. To obtain them, the researchers divided the young mice into four groups - those with access to exercise, those without access, those fed a standard, healthy diet and those that ate a Western diet.
Mice started on their diets immediately after weaning (断奶), and continued on them for three weeks, until they reached physical maturity. After an additional eight weeks of “washout”, during which all mice were housed without motion and on the healthy diet, the researchers did behavioral analysis and various measurements.
One of those they measured leptin, is produced by fat cells. It helps control body weight primarily by lowering the sensation of hunger and also by increasing energy consumption. Early-life exercise increased adult leptin levels as well as fat mass in adult mice, regardless of the diet they ate.
Previously, the research team found that eating too much fat and sugar as a child can change the microbiome (肠道菌群) for life, even if they later eat more healthily. Going forward, the team plans to investigate whether fat or sugar is more responsible for the negative effects they measured in Western-diet-fed mice.
Together, both studies offer critical opportunities for health interventions in childhood habits. The findings may be relevant for understanding the potential effects of activity reductions and dietary changes associated with fatness.
8. What is unique about the new study
A. It involves adults' eating behavior. B. It shows key elements for a long life.
C. It stresses separate impacts of exercise and diet. D. It highlights joint effects of early exercise and diet.
9. How did the researchers get the study results
A. By trial and error. B. By previous experience.
C. By experimenting on grouped mice. D. By comparing mice with human beings.
10. What is the main function of leptin
A. It forms fat cells. B. It brings down appetite.
C. It stimulates hunger. D. It limits energy consumption.
11. How does the author look at health interventions in early-life habits
A. Favorably. B. Critically. C. Indifferently. D. Doubtfully.
D
How can having a childlike view of the world help the environment Danish eco-artist Thomas Dambo combines a talent for recycling with a fairy-tale imagination to bring people worldwide closer to nature.
For the “Guardians of the Seeds” exhibition, Danish eco-artist Thomas Dambo built five trolls from discarded wood materials, which were appointed by Coastal Maine Botanical Gardens (CMBG) for its splendid riverside woodland.
The exhibition composed of the five trolls aims to give visitors an emotional connection with nature that will encourage them to become keepers of it. For the exhibition, Thomas came up with a story that a family of trolls hid 10 golden seeds to protect the old forest. Using a map that's provided, visitors follow clues to find where the seeds are hidden.
Besides using carefully selected recycling materials to produce his works, to challenge himself creatively, the artist allowed for a degree of production on-site. He gave a skinny troll named Birk a beard made from the roots of fallen trees. The fur of another troll Roskva is made from bark. Also, Gro, sitting with her eyes closed in a yoga pose, has a tongue made out of a nearby deserted planter.
“Thomas wants people to interact with them,” says Gretchen, president of CMBG. “He wants it to be a journey of discovery where you're walking along and all of a sudden this big magical being appears in front of you. These are friendly, happy trolls. They're not scary, mean trolls.”
Thomas hopes that “Guardians of the Seeds” gives viewers the same joy he gets from an occupation that he compares to a hobby. He says too many people lose their playfulness in their adult life. The key quality of his work is just its playfulness. One of his trolls sits on a real car on a hillside, appearing to cheerfully ride it. He wants to reactivate a childlike imagination in adults so they begin to see trash as objects that can be repurposed in practical and even picturesque ways. And he loves to entertain kids, too.
Nowadays, Mr. Dambo gets a kick out of seeking waste everywhere, hoping to find more stuff he could refashion into something amazing.
12. What does the underlined word “discarded” mean in paragraph 2
A. Given-out. B. Thrown-away. C. High-priced. D. Randomly-chosen.
13. What's the purpose of launching the exhibition
A. To set off visitors' curiosity. B. To get back the 10 golden seeds.
C. To promote the popularity of CMBG. D. To boost the bond between visitors and nature.
14. What do the examples in paragraph 4 mainly demonstrate about Thomas
A. His environmental awareness. B. His creativity and artistic gift.
C. His working efficiency and skill. D. His sense of social responsibility.
15. Which of the following can be the best title for the text
A. Thomas' Massive Troll Sculptures
B. Let Us Turn Trashed Wood into Elegant Art
C. Artist Preserves Imagination and Nature with Huge Trolls
D. Welcome to the Magic “Guardians of the Seeds” Exhibition
山东省烟台市2019-2020学年高二下学期期末考试试卷英语试卷
第一节 （共15小题;每小题2.5分，满分37.5分）
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。
A
Long Island’s hiking trails (路线) offer an escape for family time. It’s a relaxing thing to do in the stressful time, so open your senses.
Southampton Trails
Many guided trails are run in Hamptons, some suitable for kids. Behind the South Fork Natural History Museum is a small field with butterflies and birds flying about. Upon arrival, check out the posted map that shows the trails through the fields with a connection that goes all the way to Sag Harbor.
Arboretum State Historic Park, Oyster Bay
Half the park is woodland that includes nature walks and a greenhouse. You’ll see lots of wildlife from foxes to birds, a delight for kids. Pick up a map on the website and enjoy the historic Gold Coast property. Walkers can select from different paths, covering about six miles in total, as well as all different lengths to accommodate different ages and abilities.
Richard D. Fowler Preserve, Southampton
A pleasant short hike right in Southampton Village. The trail begins near the intersection of Wickapogue Road and Narrow Lane and heads through a wooded area with a river. Dress properly, for it could be a little muddy. The trail features hedges (树篱) along one side and plantings along the other. It reaches the site where the first settlers spent their first winter about 1640. This trail takes about one hour.
Downs Farm Preserve, Cutchogue
This family-friendly place is an easy walk with the trail a mile long. It’s a very peaceful location to see wildlife and birds. The trail is flat and pushchair-friendly. You’ll also find Downs River, with chairs along the way to rest. Home to the defence works of the Corchaug Indians, the preserve is on the National Park Register of Historic Places and is considered ancient land.
1. What do Southampton Trails and Arboretum State Historic Park have in common
A. They distribute free tourist maps. B. They’re convenient to get to.
C. They offer guided trails for all ages. D. They’re ideal places for bird watching.
2. What can you do in Downs Farm Preserve
A. Visit a historical site. B. Appreciate the hilly landscape.
C. Feed wild animals at random. D. Communicate with local Indians.
3. In which hiking trail is appropriate clothing suggested
A. Southampton Trails. B. Arboretum State Historic Park.
C. Richard D. Fowler Preserve. D. Downs Farm Preserve.
B
The amount of rubbish that piles on our shore lines is hugely worrying and a growing problem for the planet. It seems like no matter how remote you hike and how high you climb, there’s always a dropped plastic container there waiting for you.
Mariah Reading, an American artist, spends the majority of her time outdoors looking for inspiration for her art, based in nature and our natural surroundings. On noticing the amount of waste filling her natural areas, she decided she had to reflect it in her works.
For her latest project, Mariah is looking at both the problem of wasteful littering and the way that art itself can be wasteful in materials, taking the dropped items that fill her natural spaces and painting them to reflect the place in which they were left.
Applying paint to create her masterpieces, Mariah has collected trash (垃圾) from different mountains and parks. “I’ve been considering my relationship with art and the large amount of waste it can produce,” says Mariah. “I wanted to find ways I can confirm art and its important purpose by working with recycled materials found in landscape environments.”
“Since the 100th anniversary of the National Park Service, I’ve especially appreciated and been inspired by the natural beauty the parks offer, and found how easily we can take these precious places for granted. I seek to gather as much trash as possible, sculpt it into a canvas (画布), and paint the scene where the trash originated onto the trash itself,” says Mariah.
As well as through this project, Mariah has explored nature in her art in various different ways and through exhibitions. Mariah’s work might not solve the litter problem, but it’s just another way that we can get people talking about the problem and the ways we can prevent it from growing any larger.
4 What gave Mariah the idea of the latest project
A. The beauty of nearby scenery.
B. The rubbish-covered surroundings.
C. The potential security risks of beaches.
D. The high energy consumption of her artworks.
5. What’s the important purpose of Mariah’s art
A. To keep people from wasting natural resources.
B. To remind people of the litter problem.
C. To encourage people to explore parks.
D. To make full use of rubbish.
6. What is special about Mariah’s new artworks
A They are made of oceanic rubbish.
B. They appear in the form of sculpture.
C. They reflect the trash places on trash itself.
D. They’re designed to inspire people’s love for painting.
7. What can be the best title for the text
A. The Growing Problem of Rubbish
B. Mariah Reading: a Sociable Artist
C. An Artist Turns Waste into Amazing Works
D. Celebrate the 100th Anniversary of the National Park Service
C
Cara Clarkson and her family were overjoyed when spotting two young grizzly bears (灰熊) — one with rarely seen all-white fur, alongside the Trans-Canada Highway.
“White grizzly bears are unheard of, so it was a luxury and incredible experience,” said Cara, sharing her images and videos on social media and saying that was a real treat given that the family was out celebrating her husband’s and son’s birthdays. Mike Gibeau, an animal
specialist, said the Clarksons who encountered the white bear — now called Nakoda, are truly lucky, for white grizzly bears are incredibly rare.
The expert doesn’t believe the grizzly’s white fur is a case of albinism, a disorder in which an animal fails to produce melanin, which is responsible for skin, hair, and eye color. Instead, he thinks the bear’s unusual coloring is the result of a recessive (隐性) gene (基因), the characteristics of which are often covered by those of dominant genes. However, if both parents carry the same recessive gene — in this case, one that results in white fur — it can be passed on to latergenerations.
Though this is the first time the world has seen the white grizzly, park officials, who have known of Nakoda’s existence since 2018, never publicized the unique bear due to fear that it would be heartlessly run after by fans eager to see these unusual-looking animals.
As it turns out, they were right. Nakoda’s photos and videos, which have gone viral, have led to crowds of people rushing to the bear’s current location, resulting in unsafe parking and traffic jams. The concerned officials enforced a 10-kilometer no-stopping zone, which they hope will inform visitors to travel through the area safely and to prevent these bears from getting hit on the highway.
Wildlife experts, who are trying to lead the young grizzlies away from the highway, hope to help them develop a behavior of avoidance of humans and eventually head to the forests, where they can live a long, healthy life.
8. For the Clarksons, what does “a real treat” in paragraph 2 refer to
A. Observing two birthdays.
B. The reunion of the family.
C. Sharing their experience online.
D. The sighting of a white grizzly bear.
9. What is the main idea of paragraph 3
A. The classification of genes.
B. The effect of a physical disorder.
C. The possible cause of the bear’s white fur.
D. The characteristics of recessive and dominant genes.
10. Why did the park officials hide Nakoda’s existence from the public
A. To save the trouble of further explanation.
B. To protect it from crazy disturbance.
C. To stop it being mercilessly shot.
D. To avoid enthusiastic reporters.
11. What do wildlife experts expect of the young grizzlies
A. They’ll stay where they belong.
B. They’ll ignore human activities.
C. They’ll safely cross the highway.
D. They’ll live in harmony with humans.
D
We live in a society that labels everything. We like the convenience of neatly packaged words so we can sum up the person, place or thing and know what to expect. However, especially with children, even harmless labels (标签) can play a lasting role in self-respect, behavior and long-term personality.
Children develop and define their sense of self by processing what others tell them about who they are, what they are good at, how they behave and so on. The communication principle of the “Looking-Glass Self” from Charles Cooley can be applied. Cooley believes that by reflecting back to us who we are, other people function as mirrors for us. Every time a teacher says he or she is a “good student” or a coach says “average player”, that helps define the way the child views himself or herself. Typically, that label will follow them for years to come.
However, parents often refer to children with less severe labels that are just as significant. If you notice one child follows musical interests, he becomes “the musician”. Another loves sports, and she becomes “the athlete”. Another excels in school and is the “brainiac”. None of those labels has negative ideas, but can classify children into pre-defined boxes. What if the “brainiac” really wants to try soccer Unfortunately, there is already an “athlete” in the family, which creates a fight or flight response. The child can either fight to redefine his or her place as a smart child who also plays soccer, or go back to where he or she has already been.
Labels have much more of an impact that we realize, and we need to be mindful of how we talk about our children. If you must define certain things about them to yourself or others, try to choose positive versions of the same quality, i.e. “cautious” rather than “timid” (胆小的). Keeping the focus on the child’s positive qualities, while avoiding labels, can encourage children to become healthy and happy.
12. What can we learn from the principle of “Looking-Glass Self”
A. One tends to satisfy others’ curiosity.
B. One gains the sense of identity by mirror.
C. Children will live up to the expectations of their parents.
D. People shape self-concepts by understanding how others view them.
13. If the “brainiac” girl decides to play soccer, what will happen
A. Her family will be in favor of her.
B. She must struggle or she must quit.
C. Her family will deny her athletic talent.
D. She can’t but give in to parental authority.
14. Which word can best describe a child who performs well in class interaction
A. Active. B. Influential.
C. Intelligent. D. Competitive.
15. What’s the author’s attitude towards labeling children
A. Uncertain. B. Indifferent.
C. Negative. D. Positive.
答案：
山东省烟台市2021-2022学年高二下学期期末考试试卷英语试卷
【答案】21. B 22. C 23. D
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇应用文。文章主要介绍了多切斯特大酒店主办的DSWF野生动物舞会将于2022年7月27日举行，文章就其相关的项目活动安排，目的以及费用进行了详细解释。
【21题详解】
细节理解题。根据文章“Join a black-tie gastronomical safari”部分内容“As part of a black-tie gastronomical safari, guests will be treated to a mouth-watering three-course meal, enjoy world-class entertainment and listen to insightful and inspiring speeches about DSWF’s conservation work to turn the tables on extinction.(作为正式的美食之旅的一部分，宾客们将享用令人垂涎的三道大餐，享受世界级的娱乐活动，并聆听有关社会福利基金会保护动物工作的富有见地和鼓舞人心的演讲。)”可知，在这次的DSWF野生动物舞会将会给客人提供美味大餐。故选B项。
【22题详解】
细节理解题。根据文章“Join a black-tie gastronomical safari”部分内容“We are really excited to invite you back to the Dorchester Hotel, who are our generous hosts, and together aim to celebrate wildlife and the wilderness in style and to raise vital funds to help in the fight for a greener future.(我们非常激动地邀请您再次来到多尔切斯特酒店——我们的慷慨东道主，我们将共同以时尚的方式赞美野生动物和荒野，并筹集重要的资金，帮助争取更绿色的未来。)”可知，2020野生动物舞会的目的在于赞美野生动物和荒野，筹集资金。故选C项。
【23题详解】
细节理解题。根据文章“Book tickets to the Wildlife Ball 2022”部分内容“Individual Tickets: 200 (Children under 12 get 40% off)(个人票：200英镑（12岁以下儿童4折）)”可知，单人票价为200英镑，12岁以下儿童4折应是“200英镑*（100%-40%）=120英镑”，因此，一对夫妇两人带着10岁的双胞胎儿童，票价应是“200英镑*2+120英镑*2=640英镑”。故选D项。
【答案】24. B 25. C 26. A 27. D
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章通过具体例子介绍了俄勒冈州的Girls Build夏令营，它通过教女孩们实际操作的建造技能，来提高她们对自己能力的信心。
【24题详解】
细节理解题。根据第二段关键句““If something breaks, I want them to have the confidence to open that up,” Hughes says. “It’s our mission and objective to inspire curiosity and confidence in girls through the world of building.””（休斯说：“如果有什么东西坏了，我希望她们有信心打开局面。”“我们的使命和目标是通过建筑的世界激发女孩的好奇心和信心。”）可知，营地的负责人休斯说，营地的使命和目标是通过建筑的世界激发女孩的好奇心和信心，由此可知，在营地里教女孩实际操作的建造技能是为了提高女孩对自己能力的信心。故选B项。
【25题详解】
细节理解题。根据第四段内容“But other parents ask the obvious question—is pairing pre-teens and power tools a good idea Hughes stresses Girls Build is very concerned with safety, and instructors consider girls’ ages when pairing them with tools.”（但其他家长提出了一个显而易见的问题：将学龄前儿童整天接触电动工具是一个好主意吗？休斯强调，Girls Build非常注重安全，导师在给女孩配工具时会考虑女孩的年龄。）可知，家长们担心学龄前儿童使用电动工具是否安全，由此可知，一些家长对营地的主要担忧是安全问题。故选C项。
【26题详解】
推理判断题。根据最后一段内容“These girls are learning many things can be built, taken apart, and put back together. They don’t have to fit themselves into the designed world—they can build a world that fits them. And that knowledge is a pretty powerful tool to have in their belts.”（这些女孩正在学习许多可以建造、拆卸和组装的东西。她们不必让自己融入设计的世界，她们可以建立一个适合自己的世界。而她们在动手建造时学到的知识是一个非常强大的工具。）可知，女孩们可以通过学习知识建立一个适合自己的世界，这些知识是非常强大的工具，由此可知，最后一段传达给我们的信息是知识就是力量。故选A项。
【27题详解】
推理判断题。通读文章，结合第一段关键句“At Girls Build summer camp in Oregon, girls are learning how to use power tools like saws and drills. The camp is filled with construction excitement.”（在俄勒冈州的Girls Build夏令营，女孩们正在学习如何使用锯子和钻头等电动工具。营地里充满了建筑的激情。）可知，文章主要介绍了俄勒冈州的Girls Build夏令营，通过教女孩们实际操作的建造技能，来提高她们对自己能力的信心，由此可知，关于夏令营活动的文章可能出自一本受欢迎的杂志。故选D项。
【答案】28. B 29. D 30. C 31. C
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了巴拿马的一组年轻研究人员发现了一种特殊的蚂蚁，它可以迅速修复宿主树的任何损伤。介绍了他们发现这种蚂蚁的经过以及研究的意义。
【28题详解】
主旨大意题。根据第二段“The events leading to the discovery began in mid-2020, when Alex and his friends would kill time by shooting clay balls at trees with a slingshot. They targeted the thin Cecropia trees to make the task more challenging. Things went well until one clay ball accidentally hit a tree trunk, leaving a clean exit and entry wound.(导致这一发现的事件始于2020年中期，当时亚历克斯和他的朋友们会用弹弓向树射粘土球来消磨时间。他们以细细的天蚕树为目标，使任务更具挑战性。一切都很顺利，直到一个粘土球意外地击中了树干，留下了一个干净的出口和射入伤口)”可知，第二段主要讲的是新发现的原因。故选B。
【29题详解】
推理判断题。根据第三段中“Concerned that he had caused permanent damage, Alex went back to examine the tree the following morning, accompanied by his father William, an entomologist at the Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute (STRI).(第二天早上，亚历克斯在他的父亲——史密森尼热带研究所的昆虫学家威廉的陪同下，担心自己给这棵树造成了永久性的伤害，便回去检查)”可推知，Alex返回检查树木的感觉是不安。故选D。
【30题详解】
词句猜测题。根据画线词后文“insects, using material from the trees, significantly reduced the size of the hole soon”以及“In most cases, the gap was completely filled up within 24 hours.(在大多数情况下，这一空白在24小时内就被完全填补了)”可知，洞的大小明显缩小了，可见是这些昆虫利用树上的材料努力工作完成的。故画线词意思是“努力工作的”。故选C。
【31题详解】
细节理解题。根据最后一段“Alex and his team, who recently published their findings, still have one riddle to solve. They aren’t sure why the insects didn’t repair all the holes. Understanding this selective behavior is something they hope to explore in the future — stay tuned!(亚历克斯和他的团队最近发表了他们的发现，他们还有一个谜需要解决。 他们不确定为什么昆虫没有修复所有的洞。 理解这种选择性行为是他们希望在未来探索的事情——敬请期待！)”可知，亚历克斯想解决的问题是为什么蚂蚁只是修复某些树洞。故选C。
【答案】32. A 33. B 34. A 35. D
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了研究人员发现人类要想提高跑步速度，关键是克服能量消耗问题，并给出了一些提高跑步速度的建议。
【32题详解】
细节理解题。根据第一段关键句“By combining data from runners monitored in a lab along with 37,000 runs recorded on wearable fitness trackers, scientists have found that humans’ natural tendency is to run at a speed that conserves caloric loss—something that racers seeking to shave time off their miles will have to get over.”（通过将实验室监测的跑步者数据与可穿戴健身跟踪器记录的37000次跑步数据相结合，科学家发现，人类的自然倾向是以节省热量损失的速度跑步，而寻求缩短完成里程所需时间的参赛者必须克服这一点。）可知，人类的自然倾向是以节省热量损失的速度跑步，要想以更快的速度跑步，就要克服能量消耗的问题，由此可知，参赛者在比赛中必须克服的是能量消耗问题。故选A项。
【33题详解】
细节理解题。根据第三段关键句““We had assumed earlier that people ran faster for shorter distances and then would slow their pace for longer distances,” says first author Jessica Selinger.”（主要作者杰西卡·塞林格说：“我们之前假设人们在短距离内跑得更快，然后在长距离内放慢步伐。”）可知，研究人员最初认为人们跑步时会根据不同的距离调整速度，在短距离内跑得更快，然后在长距离内放慢步伐，由此可知，团队最初对跑步的想法是人们会根据不同的距离调整速度。故选B项。
【34题详解】
推理判断题。根据第五段内容“Listening to music with a faster pace has been shown to help speed up stride (步伐) frequency, which increases running speed. In addition, picking faster running partners can give you a boost.”（听节奏更快的音乐有助于加快步频，从而提高跑步速度。此外，选择跑得更快的伙伴一起跑步可以给你带来动力。）可知，“听节奏更快的音乐”和“选择跑得更快的伙伴一起跑步”都是提高跑步速度的方法，由此可知，第五段提到“听音乐”和“挑选伙伴”是为了提供关于提高跑步速度的建议。故选A项。
【35题详解】
推理判断题。根据最后一段内容“Hicks hopes that having large pools of fitness data from wearables will help researchers gain insights about populations. “You can look at connections with the built environment and access to leisure resources and start to layer all of that data to really understand how to improve physical activity and health more broadly,” says Hicks.”（希克斯希望，拥有大量来自可穿戴设备的健康数据将有助于研究人员了解人口状况。希克斯说：“你可以看看与建筑环境和休闲资源的联系，并开始对所有这些数据进行分层，以真正了解如何更广泛地改善体育活动和健康。”）可知，希克斯认为来自可穿戴设备的健康数据将有助于研究人员了解人口状况，通过分析数据，真正了解如何更广泛地改善体育活动和健康，由此可推断出，希克斯对从可穿戴设备上获得的信息的态度是赞许的。故选D项。
山东省烟台市2020-2021学年高二下学期期末考试试卷英语试卷
【答案】1. C 2. D 3. C
【答案】4. A 5. A 6. D 7. B
【答案】8. D 9. C 10. B 11. A
【答案】12. B 13. D 14. B 15. C
山东省烟台市2019-2020学年高二下学期期末考试试卷英语试卷
【答案】1. D 2. A 3. C
【解析】
这是一篇说明文。短文介绍了位于美国纽约东南部岛屿---长岛的四处适合徒步的旅游景点。
【1题详解】
细节理解题。根据Southampton Trails中的“ Behind the South Fork Natural History Museum is a small field with butterflies and birds flying about.” 在南福克自然历史博物馆的后面是一片小天地，蝴蝶和鸟儿四处飞舞。根据Arboretum State Historic Park, Oyster Bay中的“You’ll see lots of wildlife from foxes to birds, a delight for kids.” 你会看到很多野生动物，从狐狸到鸟类，孩子们都很喜欢。所以Southampton Trails 和Arboretum State Historic Park共同点是它们是观鸟的理想场所。故选D项。
【2题详解】
细节理解题。根据Downs Farm Preserve, Cutchogue中的“Home to the defence works of the Corchaug Indians, the preserve is on the National Park Register of Historic Places and is considered ancient land.” 作为科肖格印第安人防御工程的所在地，该保护区被列入国家公园历史遗迹名录，被认为是古老的土地。由此可知，在Downs Farm Preserve人们能参观历史遗迹。故选A项。
【3题详解】
细节理解题。根据Richard D. Fowler Preserve, Southampton中的“Dress properly, for it could be a little muddy.”可知，穿合适的衣服，因为可能有点泥泞。由此可知，建议在Richard D. Fowler Preserve要穿合适的衣服。故选C项。
【答案】4. B 5. B 6. C 7. C
【解析】
这是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲了Mariah Reading，一位美国艺术家，在最新的作品中，以垃圾为绘画题材，进行艺术创作，旨在唤醒人们的环保意识。
【4题详解】
细节理解题。根据第二段Mariah Reading, an American artist, spends the majority of her time outdoors looking for inspiration for her art, based in nature and our natural surroundings. On noticing the amount of waste filling her natural areas, she decided she had to reflect it in her works.（Mariah Reading，一位美国艺术家，花了大部分时间在户外寻找她艺术灵感，基于自然和我们的自然环境。当她注意到大量的废弃物充斥着她的自然区域时，她决定在她的作品中体现出来。）由此可知，被垃圾覆盖的环境让Mariah产生了这个最新作品的灵感。故选B。
【5题详解】
推理判断题。根据第三段For her latest project, Mariah is looking at both the problem of wasteful littering and the way that art itself can be wasteful in materials, taking the dropped items that fill her natural spaces and painting them to reflect the place in which they were left.（在她的最新作品中，Mariah关注了垃圾浪费的问题和艺术本身在材料上的浪费，她把那些填满她的自然空间的物品画出来，以反映它们被留在的地方）和最后一段Mariah’s work might not solve the litter problem, but it’s just another way that we can get people talking about the problem and the ways we can prevent it from growing any larger.（Mariah的工作也许不能解决垃圾问题，但这只是另一种方式，我们可以让人们谈论这个问题，以及防止垃圾变得更大）可知Mariah艺术的重要目的是提醒人们垃圾的问题。故选B。
【6题详解】
细节理解题。根据第五段 I seek to gather as much trash as possible, sculpt it into a canvas (画布), and paint the scene where the trash originated onto the trash itself,” says Mariah.（我试图收集尽可能多垃圾，雕刻成一张画布，然后在垃圾本身上画出垃圾产生的场景，”Mariah说。）由此可知，Mariah的新作品的特别之处在于它们把垃圾的位置反映在垃圾本身上。故选C。
【7题详解】
主旨大意题。第二段On noticing the amount of waste filling her natural areas, she decided she had to reflect it in her works.（当她注意到大量的废弃物充斥着她的自然区域时，她决定在她的作品中体现出来）是全文的主题句，结合全文内容，可知这篇文章主要讲了Mariah Reading，一位美国艺术家，在最新的作品中，她收集了尽可能多的垃圾，雕刻成一张画布，然后在垃圾本身上画出垃圾产生的场景，旨在唤醒人们的环保意识。所以这篇文章最好的题目是“艺术家把废物变成令人惊叹的作品”，该题目紧扣文章主题。故选C。
【答案】8. D 9. C 10. B 11. A
【解析】
本文是新闻报道。Cara一家在高速公路上遇到了罕见的白灰熊，引起了人们的关注。野生动物专家想方设法保护白灰熊不受人类的干扰，引导它们远离高速公路，在森林里过健康长寿的生活。
【8题详解】
猜测词义题。根据上句White grizzly bears are unheard of, so it was a luxury and incredible experience和下文truly lucky, for white grizzly bears are incredibly rare.可知Cara对白灰熊是闻所未闻的，她认为见到白灰熊是一次奢侈而不可思议的经历。此处用a real treat指见到了白灰熊让她们一家一饱眼福，故选D。
【9题详解】
主旨大意题。根据第三段中的The expert doesn’t believe the grizzly’s white fur is a case of albinism, …… Instead, he thinks the bear’s unusual coloring is the result of a recessive (隐性) gene (基因), the characteristics of which are often covered by those of dominant genes.可知专家不认为灰熊的白色皮毛是白化病的表现。他认为熊的不寻常的颜色是一种隐性基因，其特征通常被显性基因所掩盖。由此推知本段是分析熊的白色皮毛的可能原因，故选C。
【10题详解】
细节理解题。根据第四段park officials, who have known of Nakoda’s existence since 2018, never publicized the unique bear due to fear that it would be heartlessly run after by fans eager to see these unusual-looking animals.可知自2018年起，公园官员们就知道了Nakoda的存在，但他们从未公开过，因为担心那些希望看到这些长相奇特动物的粉丝们会无情地追逐它，即公园官员们想保护白灰熊不受疯狂的干扰。故选B。
【11题详解】
推理判断题。根据最后一段中的Wildlife experts, who are trying to lead the young grizzlies away from the highway, hope to help them develop a behavior of avoidance of humans and eventually head to the forests, where they can live a long, healthy life.可知野生动物专家正试图引导小灰熊远离高速公路，希望帮助它们养成躲避人类的习性，并最终去森林，在那里过健康长寿的生活。由此推知野生动物专家希望小灰熊生活在属于它们的地方。故选A。
【答案】12. D 13. B 14. A 15. C
【解析】
本文是一篇议论文。文章讨论了给孩子贴标签，会给孩子带来很大的不利影响，所以我们应该避免给孩子贴标签，要把注意力放在孩子的积极品质上，这样才会让孩子健康快乐地成长。
【12题详解】
细节理解题。根据第二段中的“Children develop and define their sense of self by processing what others tell them about who they are, what they are good at, how they behave and so on. The communication principle of the “Looking-Glass Self” from Charles Cooley can be applied. Cooley believes that by reflecting back to us who we are, other people function as mirrors for us”可知，孩子们通过处理别人告诉他们自己是谁，他们擅长什么，他们的行为举止等等，来发展和定义他们的自我意识，查尔斯·库利的镜子自我交流原理就是这个道理，库利认为，通过反思我们是谁，其他人对我们来说就像一面镜子。由此可知，查尔斯·库利的镜子自我交流原理认为人们通过理解他人如何看待自己来塑造自我概念，故D项正确。
【13题详解】
细节理解题。根据第三段中的“What if the “brainiac” really wants to try soccer Unfortunately, there is already an “athlete” in the family, which creates a fight or flight response. The child can either fight to redefine his or her place as a smart child who also plays soccer, or go back to where he or she has already been.”可知，如果一个聪明的女孩真的想尝试踢足球呢？不幸的是，家里已经有了一个足球运动员，这就产生了一种奋斗或逃跑的反应，她要么努力重新定义自己的地位，让自己成为一个聪明的足球运动员，要么回到原点（要么努力奋斗要么放弃），故B项正确。
【14题详解】
推理判断题。根据最后一段中的“Labels have much more of an impact that we realize, and we need to be mindful of how we talk about our children. If you must define certain things about them to yourself or others, try to choose positive versions of the same quality, i.e. “cautious” rather than “timid” (胆小的). Keeping the focus on the child’s positive qualities, while avoiding labels,”可知，我们意识到，标签的影响要大得多，我们需要注意如何谈论我们的孩子，如果你一定要给别人定义，尽量选择同样意思的积极词语，比如用“谨慎”而不是“胆小”，把注意力放在孩子的积极品质上，同时避免贴标签，由此可知，将一个在课堂互动中表现出色的孩子描述为“活跃的”是最合理的，故A项正确。
【15题详解】
推理判断题。根据最后一段中的“If you must define certain things about them to yourself or others, try to choose positive versions of the same quality, i.e. “cautious” rather than “timid” (胆小的). Keeping the focus on the child’s positive qualities, while avoiding labels, can encourage children to become healthy and happy.”可知，如果你一定要给别人定义，尽量选择同样意思的积极词语，比如用“谨慎”而不是“胆小”，把注意力放在孩子的积极品质上，同时避免标签，这样才会让孩子健康快乐地成长，由此可知，作者对给孩子贴标签持否定的态度，故C项正确。