山东省部分市2021-2022学年高二下学期期末考试英语试题汇编：阅读理解（含答案）

山东省部分市
2021-2022学年高二下学期期末考试英语试题分类汇编
阅读理解
山东省聊城市2021-2022学年高二下学期期末考试英语试题
第一节（共15小题；每小题2.5分，满分37.5分）
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。
There’s no other time of year quite like fall. Cool mornings give way to afternoons warmed by the sun and the changes in temperature create beautiful colors before winter sets in. So, grab your camera for one of nature’s most impressive spectacles—the changing colors of the leaves during fall.
Acadia National Park, Maine
Peak leaf season in Acadia traditionally falls within the first two weeks of October. This is when you will see the bright displays of oranges, reds and yellows. While visiting Acadia. plan to stay at the nearby coastal town of Bar Harbor. which is considered to be the gateway to the park. While in town, treat yourself to a traditional lobster dinner at Beal’s Lobster Pier.
The Berkshires, Massachusetts
Peak season starts around Columbus Day weekend in mid-October. and you can expect to see colors ranging from golden yellows to vivid oranges and deep reds. The Berkshires features world class entertainment, cultural offerings and a deep-rooted food culture with many locally focused dining options.
Mckenzie River Scenic Byway, Oregon
Plan your visit for peak season when the golds and reds are most bright, usually in mid-October. The Mckenzie River has some of the best fly-fishing sports in Oregon. For a great getaway that includes days spent on fly-fishing, whitewater rafting and hiking to waterfalls, make reservations at Eagle Rock Lodge for a romantic bed and breakfast.
Charlottesville, Virginia
Mid to late October is when you’ll usually see the most dazzling red, orange and yellow leaves, but the colors can linger into early November. When you’re not watching leaves, plan to visit Thomas Jefferson’s Monticello, the former home, gardens and grounds of the third president of the United States. In the evenings. enjoy live music at the Mill room.
21. What can tourists appreciate in both Acadia and the Berkshires
A. Coastal scenery. B. Historical buildings.
C. Excellent art exhibitions. D. Special local food.
22. Mckenzie River Scenic Byway offers a good chance to
A. plant some fruit trees B. do water-related activities
C. enjoy night live performances D. take adventures into the wilderness
23. Which place best suits tourists wanting to see the fall colors at the end of October
A. Charlottesville, Virginia. B. Acadia National Park, Maine.
C. The Berkshires. Massachusetts. D. Mckenzie River Scenic Byway. Oregon.
B
Youth Art For Healing is a non-profit organization founded by Jan Papirmeister in 2012. As the Executive Director, she makes great efforts to work with schools, hospitals and other healthcare organizations to bring works of art created by the youth into healthcare environments. She wants to provide a sense of comfort, inspiration and healing for patients, their loved ones and healthcare professionals during very challenging times.
As a child, Papirmeister donated her artworks to a volunteer group caring for dying people and a camp for children with cancer. She felt pity for them so she hoped her works could bring a little help. When she grew up, she became a school nurse and showed students how to create drawings to decorate the walls of the health office. Then, as a hospital nurse, she made the time to sit with patients and create art with them. In her job as a nurse, she realized works of art could really help patients feel better.
Her organization Youth Art For Healing is based in Bethesda, MD. It provides opportunities for students to learn about the nature of healing art, the power of art to heal, how to follow guidelines for healing art, and the value of building and strengthening community connections and spirit. As students share their talent with those in need, they come to the realization that they can make a difference.
Papirmeister was awarded a Society for the Arts in Healthcare grant to bring artworks to patients, their families and hospital staff. She also received two SCORE Awards for her efforts to comfort patients and their families. This woman is a shining example of an artist and healer who uses the healing power of art to bring huge benefits to children, patients, their loved ones, healthcare providers, and the community at large.
24. Why did Jan Papirmeister most probably start the organization
A. To offer people mental support through art. B. To encourage kids to develop artistic taste.
C. To make a fortune out of it. D. To help improve doctors’ medical skills.
25. What can we learn about Jan Papirmeister when she was little
A. She often changed her dreams. B. She was generous and cared about others.
C. Her artworks were highly appreciated. D. The suffering of patients inspired her.
26. What are students aware of through working with the organization
A. Free healthcare is important. B. They can become successful artists.
C. Art works are easily accessible. D. They can be helpful in improving others’ life.
27. What is the main idea of the last paragraph
A. Papirmeister’s effort has been well recognized.
B. Papirmeister praises students for their progress.
C. Papirmeister asks people from all walks of life to support her.
D. Papirmeister makes a breakthrough in the medical community.
C
The fossil（化石）discovery in Victoria now shows that monk seals were widespread in Australasia in the past.
“Monk seals are one of the rarest and most endangered marine mammals（海洋哺乳动物）alive today, but this wasn’t always the case,” according to lead study author Dr. James Rule from Monash University. “Our paper shows that the very endangered monk seals once called Australia home about five million years ago（specifically in Victoria）,” he said.
The discovery was made by studying two fossils again from Melbourne Museum’s collections, the identity of which had been a mystery for 40 years. “When we studied them, they turned out to be the oldest evidence of monk seals,” Dr. Rule said. “These fossils, along with the extinct New Zealand species that was discovered last year, double the known diversity of the monk seals,” he said.
According to Dr. Rule, monk seals disappeared in Australasia three million years ago, and they only lived in the tropics（热带地区）and the Mediterranean after temperatures fell during the Ice Ages. This left monk seals on the edge of disappearance after being overhunted by humans, with about 2,000 members left.
The discovery of New Zealand species and Australian monk seals led the researchers to restudy the origin of the group. “Our research shows that monk seals began in Australia,” Dr. Rule said. “This is different from every theory previously put forward by scientists.”
Previous research has theorized climate change led to the disappearance of many ancient seals in the Southern Hemisphere. This would have included New Zealand’s and Australian monk seals. “This suggests the world’s last two species of monk seal are also at risk from climate change,” Dr. Rule said. If sea level continues to rise, the beaches monk seals rely on for resting and raising young ones may disappear.
28. What does the new discovery show about monk seals
A. Their living habits. B. Their growth process.
C. Their early appearance. D. Their ways of getting food.
29. What do we know about the two fossils from Melbourne Museum
A. Researcher found it hard to keep them in good condition.
B. Researchers manged to identify them after many years.
C They were once thought to be fossils of birds.
D. They were first discovered last year.
30. What does the underlined word “this” in paragraph 4 probably refer to
A. Fighting water pollution. B. Suffering from a lack of food.
C. Having limited living places. D. Facing increasing natural enemies.
31. What does the author want to tell us in the last paragraph
A. Climate change always threatens monk seals’ survival.
B. Scientists can now measure the rate of global warming.
C. Human activity in Australia should be strictly limited.
D. People need to help raise young monk seals.
D
Black taxis have been a common sight in London for decades. Now these taxis and their drivers have become the focus of a new exploration into Alzheimer’s（阿兹海默症）. For those on the outside, it may seem that behind the wheel of these black taxis are just regular people who help move us to our destinations. But within their brains is a map of London’s streets that has put GPS technology to shame for decades.
“The Knowledge”, the test for London’s taxi drivers, stands among the hardest mental examinations one could ever undergo. It involves recalling information repeatedly from the memory of minute derails about 56,0000 streets in London, from Trafalgar Square to the tiniest residential lanes.
Normally, the hippocampus（海马体）feels the effects of Alzheimer’s most. University College London and Alzheimer’s Research UK are studying these taxi drivers’ brains, as it has been found that the hippocampus controlling the brain’s short-term memory and spatial（空间的）memory systems is enlarged in their brains. Moreover, the taxi drivers’ hippocampi continue to enlarge as they go on doing the job for more years, suggesting that perhaps there’s something we can do to reproduce the effect in the general population.
Lead researcher Hugo Spiers was part of the team which 20 years ago found that, like birds and squirrels, the taxi drivers’ hippocampi gradually got bigger. Indeed, research has found for years that any animal that requires a detailed spatial knowledge of their territory experiences growth in the hippocampus.
Spiers’ team hopes to deal with Alzheimer’s by studying the taxi drivers’ brains. To collect more information on the mechanisms（机制）that cause the “brain gain”. Spiers has asked thirty of London’s taxi drivers connected to an MRI machine to drive around on their routes. The machine will allow the researchers to gather real time observations of the workings of the hippocampus. “It’s been a joy to help scientists fight with the disease,” said taxi driver Robert Lordan.
32. What can we say about “The Knowledge”
A. It lasts for a few minutes only. B. It is usually held in London’s busy streets.
C. It is a great challenge to people’s memory. D. It invites some residents in London to be judges.
33. What has been found about the taxi drivers’ hippocampi
A. They are more likely to be harmed. B. They grow in the taxi drivers’ careers.
C. They benefit from daily communication most. D. They are poor at controlling short-term memory.
34. Why does the author mention the research on animals
A. To imply the new study benefits the animal kingdom as well.
B. To point out that more studies on animals’ brains are needed.
C. To show animals’ hippocampi are very different from humans’.
D. To prove the use of certain knowledge influences brain development.
35. Why do the researchers observe the taxi drivers with an MRI machine
A. To figure out who has the largest hippocampus.
B. To know how Alzheimer’s develops in their brains.
C. To find out how their hippocampi perform at work.
D. To test whether the special machine is effective.
山东省菏泽市2021-2022学年高二年级下学期期末质量检测英语试题
第一节（共15小题；每小题2分，满分30分）
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。
A
Journey to Antarctica
Discover the Antarctic, where endless white mountains roll to the horizon and massive icebergs into the sea. Here, natural attractions: penguins along the shore, whales breaking the water's surface, going around enormous icebergs, walking along beaches with penguins and seals on ice. Travel with a team of scientists aboard the state-of-the-art National Geographic Explorer, the finest expedition ship on the sea which accommodates 148 guests: each room with outside views, private bathrooms and modern furnishings.
Activity Level
Travelers can choose light or moderate activities throughout the trip. They should be in good health and comfortable walking or standing for extended periods of time. Daily activities may include visits to sites, game drives, and easy hikes, with options each day for more physical activities such as hiking, kayaking, or biking.
Service Level
The expeditions are led by a National Geographic expert, an expedition team, or top guides, and tap into National Geographic's worldwide resources to allow for in-depth exploration and special access to sites. They are fully planned, with some free time. The ship carries updated video equipment that allows access to the underwater world. Public areas include a bar, a library, a spa, a fitness center, a sauna, and a selection of dining options that offer regionally inspired cuisine using fresh, local ingredients. Services include a full-time doctor, a wellness specialist, and an Internet cafe.
Dates Nov. 27-Dec. 10, 2022
Accommodations Double Single
$5,000 Per Person $7,500 Per Person
Special Offers
2022 Polar: for groups of four or more, 20% off; students, 20% off. Valid for new bookings made by October 31, 2022. Call 1-888-966-8687 for details.
21. What can tourists do during the journey
A. Swim in the sea with whales. B. Research on massive icebergs.
C. Climb rolling green mountains. D. Get close to lovely polar creatures.
22. What is available in terms of the service
A. A part-time doctor for health. B. Well prepared dishes in local restaurants.
C. Professional guide to Antarctic exploration. D. Special assistance for tourists in wheelchairs.
23. How much would a couple with a child at junior high school pay for the journey
A. 12,500. B. 14,000. C. 16,000. D. 17,500.
B
Yes, study comes hard to you, my dear Enrico, as your mother says. I do not yet see you set out for school with that determined mind and that smiling face which I should like. You are still stubborn. But listen; reflect a little! What a miserable thing your day would be if you did not go to school! At the end of a week you would beg with tears that you might return there, for you would be eaten up with boredom and shame; disgusted with your sports and with your existence.
Everybody, everybody studies now, my child. Think of the workmen who go to school in the evening after having worked hard all the day; think of the women, of the girls, of the people, who go to school on Sunday, after having worked all the week; of the soldiers who turn to their books and copy-books when they return exhausted from their drill! Think of the dumb and of the boys who are blind, but who study, nevertheless. Think of the innumerable boys who, at nearly this precise hour, are going to school in all countries. Behold them with your imagination, alone, in couples, in groups, in long lines, all with their books under their arms, dressed in a thousand ways, speaking a thousand tongues, from the most remote schools in Russia almost lost in the ice to the furthermost schools of Arabia, shaded by palm-trees, millions and millions, all going to learn the same things, in a hundred varied forms. Imagine this vast, vast crowd of boys of a hundred races, this great movement of which you form a part, and think, if this movement were to cease, humanity would fall back into barbarism(野蛮); this movement is the progress, the hope, the glory of the world.
Courage, then, little soldier of the immense(庞大的) army. Your books are your arms, your class is your squadron(中队), the field of battle is the whole earth, and the victory is human civilization. Be not a cowardly soldier, my Enrico.
24. What do we know about Enrico
A. He dislikes sports. B. He is good at self-reflection.
C. He feels ashamed of himself. D. He is unwilling to go to school.
25. Why does the father mention so many people in paragraph 2
A. To present a fact. B. To clarify a concept. C. To make a prediction. D. To support an argument.
26. What's the fundamental tune of the text
A. Annoying. B. Inspiring C. Worrying. D. Relaxing.
27. What is the purpose of the text
A. To express a father's complaints. B. To stress the importance of education.
C. To persuade Enrico to value his study. D. To promote the parent-child relationship.
C
At Phoenix Bikes, a non-profit bicycle shop and educational center, students are learning their ABCs. That stands for the air, brakes, and chain of basic bike mechanics. Phoenix Bikes sells bikes to the public at their business in Arlington, Virginia. But it also teaches teenagers how to repair bikes.
Most students at Phoenix start in its after-school "earn-a-bike program", at middle and high schools in and around Arlington County. Once a week over a 12-week period, students learn repair skills. The first lesson is to strip the bike. By doing this, they learn all the parts of a bike.
In the first weeks, they work in small groups to repair a bike donated to the shop. The bikes often have missing or damaged parts. The finished bike is then given to a person in need from the community. Phoenix Bikes director Emily Gage said the shop partners with several local organizations to donate the bikes. Some bikes have been going to the poor in the area. In the last four weeks of the program, students come to the shop to work on one of the donated bikes which they can then take home at no cost.
Some students who finish the 12-week program go on to a higher-level bike mechanics class. Some race bikes for the shop's racing team. And others stay to volunteer at the store and fix more bikes to give away. Jimenez-Galindo said he hopes to return to the shop to fix bikes for the community and continue to learn. What is his favorite part of the experience "Just the joy, the satisfaction that I get after it's done. That now it's fully complete, and it's actually a bike instead of what was a husk(空架) of one."
28. What does the "earn-a-bike program" aim to do
A. To make profits for the shop. B. To train students for getting jobs.
C. To give away bikes to people in need. D. To attract students to learn repair skills.
29. What does the underlined word "strip" mean in the second paragraph
A. Take apart. B. Fit together. C. Fix up. D. Test out.
30. Why does Jimenez-Galindo hope to return to the shop
A. To repair bikes for the community. B. To join the shop's racing team.
C. To finish the 12-week program. D. To get the sense of satisfaction.
31. Which of the following is a suitable title for the text
A. Phoenix Bikes, a second-hand bike shop. B. Phoenix Bikes, an unusual bike shop.
C. Phoenix Bikes, a home for bike lovers. D. Phoenix Bikes, a great place to fix bikes.
D
In May, 2022, Amanda Baughan, a graduate student specializing in human-computer interaction at the University of Washington, presented findings from a recent research that explored how social media cause what psychologists call "dissociation", or a state of reduced self-reflection and narrowed attention.
Dissociation is a psychological process that comes in many forms. In the most common, everyday dissociation, your mind is so absorbed that you are disconnected from your actions. For instance, you could be doing the dishes, start daydreaming and not pay attention to how you are doing the dishes. Or you might seek immersive(沉浸的) experiences-watching a movie, reading a book or playing a game-that pass the time and cause you to forget where you are.
Dissociation can be a positive thing, especially if it's an absorbing experience, meaningful activity or a needed break. But it can come in conflict with people's time management goals, as with social media scrolling(刷屏). Research suggests social media designs make us lose track of time spent on them, and then we feel upset with ourselves. Less sleep, lower life satisfaction and poor self-esteem are just a few of the negative mental health consequences.
Amanda Baughan said, "TikTok has a function that, every hour, will tell you that you've been scrolling for a while and should consider a break. On Twitter, such function already exists；it's just not the default option(默认选项). If more people start using these tools, it could convince these companies to improve them. As a man using social media now, don't pile a bunch of shame onto your social media habits; after all, thousands of people are employed to make you scroll your thumb on that screen and keep you doing what you're doing. Let's shift the responsibility of designing safe and pleasant experiences from users to the companies."
32. What does the research mainly focus on
A. The methods of ridding people of screens.
B. The process of people's addiction to social media.
C. The consequence caused by social media scrolling.
D. The future development of human-computer interaction.
33. Which of the following is probably an example of dissociation
A. Lily chats with two customers via WeChat at the same time.
B. Abby listens to radio programs for half an hour every evening.
C. Andrew absorbed in reading Harry Potter forgets he is having lunch.
D. Linda recalls sports movements she learned the other day but in vain.
34. Which word best describes the author's attitude to "dissociation"
A. Negative. B. Objective. C. Positive. D. Cautious.
35. What message does the author seem to convey in the last paragraph
A. The companies should improve social media designs.
B. The companies can provide pleasant experiences for users.
C. The users can sense dissociation by using social media.
D. The users should wisely make use of social media tools.
山东省济宁市2021-2022学年高二下学期期末考试英语试题
第一节（共15小题；每小题2. 5分, 满分37. 5分）
阅读下列短文, 从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。
A
Welcome to GEMS ISLAND!
If you are looking for a holiday or weekend getaway, take a short ferry （渡船）ride, and you'll be here in no time. The delicate balance of nature on the island is carefully maintained, allowing it to remain a haven for wildlife as well as the home of popular attractions.
Getting Around. . .
The Islander Bus is the only form of transport for passengers moving around the island as no private vehicles arc allowed. It travels only in one direction. It arrives at each bus stop to pick up and drop off passengers every 20 minutes or so. The ride between stops is about five minutes.
Bonus
A local guide will be on board to provide an interesting and educational running commentary about the island. You will also receive coupons （优惠券）that entitle you to special deals on admission tickets and purchases at all
attractions!
21. What's the possible means of transport on the island
A. Boat. B. Bus. C. Car. D. Bike.
22. What extra benefit can tourists enjoy
A. A guidebook. B. A free meal.
C. A welcome gift. D. A discount on tickets.
23. Which tourist attraction can draw rock lovers
A. Ruby Village. B. Diamonds Restaurant.
C. Emerald Bay. D. Topaz Beach.
B
Jason Sotiris calls it “the moment”. It comes when a child has been in hospital for days, or weeks, or more. And suddenly something magical happens.
“There's a knock on the door, ” he says. “You look up, and you see your favourite superhero -Iron Man or Captain Marvel. And that reaction is what we call 'the moment'. "A visit from a superhero is pretty exciting in itself. But these superheroes bring more than just high-fives.
“This superhero says . . . hey, I've heard about you, ” Jason says. “You have been so brave that you have earned a spot among other superheroes. The only thing you need is a costume. ”And the superhero presents the child with a Supertee, which can help them tap into their own natural superpowers.
Jason Sotiris created Supertee when his daughter Angela was hospitalized with a rare cancer after her first birthday, and he came up with the idea to create a T-shirt designed to make changing clothes easy. Supertee is X-ray friendly with underarms that open easily for temperature checks and sides which come apart quickly with removable buttons. Best of all, it builds courage. The superhero theme was inspired by Jason's three-year-old son who dressed up as Batman to save his younger sister.
“There is research showing pretend play, like being a superhero, helps a child put psychological distance between themselves and the problem at hand. It's known as 'The Batman Effect' and allows children to step back from a problem and think about it from multiple angles, seeing different options for a solution. It helps fight boredom and keep up spirits for children, ” said Jason.
Recipients have included eight-year-old Indyana Wedderburn, who has a rare and incurable form of disease that has led to frequent brain operation. “It's more than just a T-shirt. It has given the family strength, ” says her mum. “His creation is genius. Jason cares because he can relate to what it's like. ”
24. How will a young patient probably feel at “the moment”
A. Surprised. B. Scared. C. Upset. D. Relieved.
25. What's the highlight of Supertee
A. It's radiation-proof.
B. It's conveniently designed.
C. It's smartly controlled.
D. It's environmentally friendly.
26. What does the author aim to do in paragraph 5
A. Prove the popularity of Batman.
B. Reveal problems children have.
C. Offer the supporting evidence.
D. Lead into a new topic.
27. What can we learn from the last paragraph
A. Brain diseases are incurable.
B. Creations come from geniuses.
C. Supertee has magical medical value.
D. Supertee offers great spiritual support.
C
Earth could be home to 9, 000 more species of trees than previously believed, according to scientists. The latest estimate of the number of tree species in the world shows there are about 73, 000 different types of trees in existence. It took academics three years to count them all. In all, 150 scientists working with the Global Forest Biodiversity Initiative are behind the study.
The team collected an extensive database of forest tree species around the world and then mapped them. Then they used artificial intelligence and a supercomputer to do complex calculations, which discovered there are in fact 73, 000 tree species.
Before the research was conducted, scientists' knowledge of trees in many parts of the world was patchy as data was only collected by observation or making lists of trees in different areas. Of the newly found species, 40 percent of them could be in grasslands and tropical（热带的） forests in South America.
Study author Roberto Cazzolla Gatti, a professor from the University of Bologna, said: “We combined individual datasets, coming from someone going out to a forest stand and measuring every single tree, into one massive global dataset of tree-level data. Counting the number of tree species worldwide is like a puzzle with pieces spreading all over the world. We, the Global Forest Biodiversity Initiative, solved it together as a team, each sharing our own piece. ”
Researchers say their findings highlight how delicate biodiversity is and how weak it is to changes caused by humans, such as the climate crisis and unsustainable land use, with rare species being at the greatest risk. Extensive knowledge of tree richness and diversity is key to preserving the stability and functionality of the ecosystem.
28. How many tree species were originally believed to exist on Earth
A. About 9, 000. B. About 64, 000.
C. About 73, 000. D. About 82, 000.
29. What does the underlined word “patchy” mean in paragraph 3
A. Broad. B. Changeable. C. Incomplete. D. Reliable.
30. What does professor Gatti think highly of during the research
A. Advanced measuring methods.
B. A well-designed plan.
C. Individual financial assistance.
D. Integrated cooperation.
31. What is the last paragraph mainly about
A. The significance of the research findings.
B. The prospect of the research application.
C. The challenge of carrying out the research.
D. The background information of researchers.
D
Have you ever wondered why other people don't see things the same way you do Isn't it confusing that you don't necessarily share the same viewpoints even when you come from the same family Why can't they just see it my way The scientific explanation comes from cognitive （认知的）psychology； it’s a mental process known as information processing.
From a psychological perspective, you have your own internal set of core values, memories, and quality of emotion. With every external event you experience, the information comes in and is filtered（过滤）through your emotions, memories, and values. How you “see” yourself, others, and the world you live in will be flavored by what you've experienced or believe to be true. In other words, you don't see things as they are -you see things as you are.
You have a process for filtering information and it may strike you as being odd, to say the least, when others don't subscribe to the same beliefs, thoughts, and opinions. What if you considered, even for just a moment, that what you are perceiving is only one possibility-and that there are several other ways to interpret a situation
In every walk of life, you find yourself defending your beliefs, arguing for how you remember something that happened, and positioning yourself to influence others to see things your way. But what if you're missing the important point that your differences are what make life colorful Those differences are what stimulate your mind and emotions. Without differences, life would be dull. There would be no “aha” moments if you knew everything. There would be no inspiration in the form of art, music, poetry, style, or communication.
There will be times in your life when boundaries may need to be enforced with others and, at the end of the day, you want to feel understood and appreciated. Learning to honor your viewpoints while others have their own is vital for coexisting in a world where every individual is perfectly unique.
32. How does the author introduce the topic of the passage
A. By raising questions. B. By listing opinions.
C. By quoting sayings. D. By making a comparison.
33. What plays the vital role in information processing
A. Current situation. B. External opinions.
C. Personal experience. D. Physical condition.
34. Which statement will the author probably agree with
A. Learning to accept differences.
B. Pursuing perfection in daily life.
C. Following others unconditionally.
D. Arguing for your own viewpoint.
35. Which is the most suitable title for the text
A. Why Nobody Understands You
B. How Come You Are So Unique
C. Who Is to Blame for Disagreement
D. What Makes You Think You're Right
山东省滨州市2021-2022学年高二下学期期末考试英语试题
第一节(共15小题;每小题2.5分，满分37.5分)
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项(A、B、C和D)中，选出最佳选项。
A
Throughout history, countless people have made valuable contributions to astronomy. Here is a list of some of them.
Nicolaus Copernicus
Polish astronomer Nicolaus Copermicus did just one thing. Most scholars, however, think it was the greatest thing ever done in astronomy. Copernicus formulated what's now called the heliocentric model- -he moved Earth from the center of the universe and replaced it with the Sun. He didn't publish his theory until he was on his deathbed in 1543.
Johannes Kepler
Indeed, German astronomer Johannes Kepler's laws, especially the first, which states that planets move in elipses (not circles)- -set the stage for the law of universal gravitation. In addition to many years of hard orbital calculations, Kepler also observed a supernova(超新星), now called Kepler's Nova, in 1604.
Tycho Brahe
Danish astronomer Tycho Ottcsen Brahe was history's greatest pre-telescopic observer. In fact, his careful observations of Mars enabled Kepler to develop his laws of planetary motion. Two of his famous observations were of the supernova that appeared in 1572 (now called Tycho's Nova) and the Great Comet of 1577.
Galileo Calilei
The first lens Galileo made is where optical(光学的) astronomy began. For that reason, Italian astronomer Galileo di Vincenzo Bonaiuti de Galilei ranks No.1 on this list. Although he didn't invent the telescope, Galileo was the first to use it to study the sky: He observed sunspots, the phases of Venus, Saturn's rings, and the four large moons of Jupiter.
21. Whose research laid the foundation for the law of universal gravitation
A. Nicolaus Copernicus.
B. Johannes Kepler.
C. Tycho Brahe.
D. Galileo Galilei.
22. What made Galileo the number one on the list
A. His observation of Mars.
B. His observation of a supernova.
C. The heliocentric theory he proposed.
D. The significance of the lens he made.
23. Where can the text be found
A. In an advertisement.
B. In a novel.
C. In a magazine.
D. In a biography.
B
Nobody knows the value of a good doll better than Jandrisevits.“Dolls have a power we don't completely understand," she said. It's a conclusion she came to while working as a social worker using dolls to help her young clients adapt to their changing medical situations. Many of the kids saw themselves in those dolls. But for the kids missing a limb or who had lost their hair, there were none they could relate to.
So, seven years ago, when a friend revealed that her child was stuck in self-doubt and self-distrust, Jandrisevits, now 49, knew what might help the youth through this potentially challenging period.“It's hard to tell a kid, “You are perfect the way you are” and to build self-esteem that way, but never offer them anything that looks like them,”she says.
Jandrisevits went about changing that. She crafted a doll by hand- using fabric, stitching, and markers- -that resembled her friend's child and sent it off. After the friend posted a photo online of the happy child and doll, another woman asked Jandrisevits to make a doll that looked like her baby, who was missing a leg.
Word spread, and soon Jandrisevits was making dolls for children with scars, birthmarks, facial deformities, tracheotomies- in short, a doll that looked like them. She quit her job and started a nonprofit, A Doll Like Mc.
Working out of her home in Milwaukee, from photos sent by parents or caregivers, it takes Jandrisevits roughly three days to craft only one doll. A GoFundMe page helps her offset costs and allows her to donate her services. She hasn't charged for a doll since she began her nonprofit.
In all, she's made more than 400 dolls. The waiting list is long, but Jandrisevits is unbowed. As she explains on her GoFundMe page, “Every kid, regardless of gender, ethnicity, age, medical issue, or body type, should look into the sweet face of a doll and see their own.
24. What made Jandrisevits realize the value of dolls
A. The influence of dolls on her.
B. Her working experience.
C. The changing medical situations.
D. Her relation to the unlucky kids.
25. What does “that" refer to in paragraph 3
A. Children's concern about their looks.
B. The problems faced by the child of a friend.
C. The challenging period the youth are going through.
D. The fact that words alone fail to help build confidence.
26. What can be inferred about Jandrisevits' making dolls
AL It targets children with mental problems.
B. It is time consuming but meaningful,
C. It is thought poorly of by people.
D. It brings in a good fortune.
27. Which of the following best describes Jnndrisevits
A. Creative and caring.
B. Ambitious and devoted,
C. Considerate and sensitive.
D. Knowledgeable and generous.
C
Benny Kuriakose remembers when his father built the first house in his village in the southern Indian state of Kerala with n concrete roof. It was 1968, and the family was proud to use the material, which was becoming a “status symbol" among villagers.
The Kuriakoses' experience was an early tasty of a phenomenon that, over the next few decades, spread across most of India's big cities. Many Indian architects abandoned the local traditions that had been developed over thousands o{ years to cope with the weather extremes of different regions. The thatch (茅草)-roofed houses gave way to a boxy modern style, which resembled the western model.
In the climate change era, that uniformity is looking like a mistake. The solid concrete absorbed heat throughout the day and released it inside at night, making the house sweltering. Large parts of India have been struck by a spring heatwave since April, with temperatures lasting close to 44℃ for weeks in some places, and topping 49℃ in Delhi this week, making it dangerous to go to work or school. Expanding energy demand for cooling has helped trigger daily blackouts (断电) in cities, and the running of air conditioner units is giving out hot air into streets, worsening the urban heat island effect. As such heatwaves become increasingly common and long-lasting, experts say India's modern building stock will make it harder for Indians to adapt.
Environmentalists are calling for a fundamental rethink of how India builds its cities.
A growing number of sustainability minded architects are reviving local approaches, And in February the Indian government attempted to revise urban planning guidelines and investments to train planners to better design cities. Progress is slow, though, says Aromar Revi, director of the Indian Institute for Human Settlements (IIHS). “We need to essentially affect the entire fabric(构造) of our cities, from planning to land use, to building, to transportation systems," he says. “We are only at the start of that conversation.”
28. What does the passage tell us about buildings with concrete in India
A. They were replaced by traditional thatch-roofed house.
B. They spread quickly to the western countries.
C. They appeared as a response to the local weather,
D. They were designed better than western models.
29. What does paragraph 3 mainly talk about
A. The drawbacks of the concrete buildings.
B. The changeable temperature of Indian cities.
C. Indian's increasing demand for cooling.
D. The characteristics of the concrete buildings.
30. What can be inferred from the last paragraph
A. City building relies on famous architects.
B. Local approaches are the best to build a city.
C. Much progress in city planning has been made.
D. People begin to reflect on the way they build their cities.
31. What message does the author seem to convey in the text
A. Failure results from blind confidence.
B. East or west, home is best.
C. What is suitable is the best.
D. All good things come to an end.
D
The ecommerce boom has fueled demand for warehouses(仓库). And the increasing demand is mostly linked to online shopping, because Internet shoppers are always expected to provide a wider variety of goods. Vacancy rates (空仓率) have therefore decreased greatly, from 10% across America and Europe a decade ago to just 5% now. In some places, like Toronto and Tokyo, they are below 2%.
The value of existing assets of warehouses is ballooning as a result. This in turn is attracting more investment. However, people's enthusiasm for building new warehouses is now starting to run up against obstacles. The first is lack of space, especially in densely populated cities. The problem has grown so acute in parts of Germany that delivery lorries operate from sites across the border in Poland and France. High costs, restrictive zoning rules and current rents make it difficult to convert existing properties, such as struggling shopping malls, into distribution centers.
Public hostility to new sites is also growing. Large warehouses are noisy and operate around the clock. Suburban homeowners across America and Europe worry about pollution from lorries. Even where developers promise thousands of jobs, politicians complain that these will be low -skilled, or soon replaced by robots. Five Conservative members have called on Britain's government, run by their own party, to stop a huge warchouse from being built in south-east England.
Warchouse owners are getting more creative. Amazon is changing former golf courses in American into distribution centers. The online giant is also converting an empty car park in central London into a delivery hub. Less creatively, developers arc raising rents and it's estimated that they will go up by 69o globally this year. That may upset e-merchants.
32. What do the figures quoted in the first paragraph illustrate
A. Online shopping is driving the demand for warehouses.
B. A large number of goods are sold at reduced prices.
C The number of online shoppers has declined.
D. Goods in Toronto and Tokyo are less popular.
33. Why is it hard to turn a struggling shopping mall into a distribution center
A. Because the shopping mall is not large enough.
B. Because people's enthusiasm is not high enough.
C. Because delivery truckers don't like the idea.
D. Because the cost of doing so is high.
34. What does the underlined word “hostility" in paragraph 3 mean
A. Agreement.
B. Awareness.
C. Opposition.
D. Preference.
35. What may make e merchants feel frustrated
A. Warehouse owners are getting more creative.
B. Some vacant sites are converted into warehouses.
C. It's harder for them to park in the center of London,
D. Rents for warehouses are rising all over the world
山东省德州市2021-2022学年高二下学期期末考试英语试题
第一节（共15小题;每小题2. 5分, 满分37. 5分）
阅读下列短文, 从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。
A
With schools shut due to the epidemic（疫情）, thousands of parents have turned into homeschooling educators overnight. But it's not an easy thing for every parent to deal with. Many education companies are currently offering free activities for kids. Here are some of them.
History at Home
History at Home offers a free video series that includes a quick history lesson, plus ideas for follow-up activities that parents and kids can do at home. The first one is about the history of hand-washing. New videos are available every Monday, Wednesday, and Friday after 9 a. m. 9 and special guests include Laurence among others.
Cosmic Kids Yoga
Similarly, the Cosmic Kids Yoga videos are good for a few minutes' peace and quiet so you can work—we mean, a nice stretch and mindfulness break in the middle of all the academic learning. The app requires a subscription, but you can watch the videos on YouTube.
Rosetta Stone
During school closures, Rosetta Stone will be giving three months of free language learning to all elementary, middle 9 and high school students. The program teaches languages through immersion（沉浸式）, with instant feedback and progress reports.
The Lion King Experience
Broadway's The Lion King has always offered theater-making classes for kids, but normally you'd have to pay for them and do them in a classroom setting. Now they've adapted their curriculum so families can do it at home for free一just download the PDF guides. There are two courses: one for kids between the ages o 8 and 11, and the other for kids between the ages of 12 and 15.
21. When can kids obtain updated history lesson videos
A. At 7 a. m. on Monday. B. At 9 a. m. on Tuesday.
C. At 8 a. m. on Wednesday. D. At 10 a. m. on Friday.
22. What can we infer about The Lion King Experience
A. Kids can enjoy a classic movie. B. It used to be set in a classroom.
C. Users have to subscribe it ahead. D. It offers lessons to kids of all ages.
23. What do these activities have in common
A. They can be performed at home. B. Learners have to pay for them.
C. Video lessons can be downloaded. D. Each contains varieties o learning.
B
When storm clouds gather, and the wind howls in anger, the natural reaction for most people is to seek shelter. But some run toward the danger. Photographer LiuYijing is one of that rare type as he captures nature's violence.
For the past year, Liu, 21, has traveled about 24, 000 kilometers across 11 provinces chasing and recording thunderstorms. From the first signs- a stronger breeze developing into a turbulent （汹涌的）sky and birds fleeing—he prepares for what appears to be a frightening task. In 2021, he took more than 48, 000 photos, showing the most violence of Mother Nature.
Liu has received a great deal of recognition for his work. His photos captured a complete supercell （雷暴）structure that occurred in the Inner Mongolia autonomous region on Aug 22. This image has been picked as the cover photo for the Advances in Atmospheric Sciences, a key publication in its field.
"It is a typical supercell and I still have a vivid memory about how thrilled I felt the moment it formed. While recording, I couldn’t control myself and kept screaming, 99 he says, adding that the picture and video have spread rapidly on the Internet. The term supercell is even used by meteorologists （气象学家）to describe a type of a lasting thunderstorm that rotates and is usually accompanied by dangerous weather conditions including damaging winds and sometimes tornadoes.
Many social media users nicknamed him "storm chaser”. A Sina Weibo user named Guanwaidelin comments that Liu's photos and videos show how amazing and powerful nature is and how insignificant humans are. Another called Lucia Wei says that before Liu, storm-chasing photographers were rarely heard of in China and that it is a career for those who are not only brave but also armed with sufficient meteorological knowledge.
24. How does LiuYijing respond to the approaching storm
A. He expresses anger. B. He looks for shelter.
C. He takes photos o it. D. He runs away from it.
25. What can we learn about Liu Yijing from the text
A. He traveled across the world to record tornadoes.
B. He was acknowledged for an image of a supercell.
C. He felt thrilled when his works became a hit.
D. He described the supercell as a great discovery.
26. Which of the following best describes Liu Yijing's job
A. Boring. B. Well-paid. C. Adventurous. D. Discouraging.
27. What is the text mainly about
A. A supercell going around. B. A storm showing power.
C. A career exploring space. D. A cameraman chasing storm.
C
The food we eat every day keeps us alive, but it can also bring big health and environmental costs. A recent study finds that small shifts in the food choices could have great benefits to both health and the planet.
Because many foods with a high health burden, including processed meats or red meats, have high environmental costs. Reducing just about 10 percent of a person's daily intake can cut a person's food-based environmental footprint by over 30 percent. Between growing it, packaging it, moving it around, cooking it, and often wasting it, food production makes up about one-fifth to one-third o all annual greenhouse gas emissions globally. For an average household, food makes up about as much o the greenhouse gas footprint as the electricity.
To learn how to reduce negative impacts of food production and consumption on the planet and the body, researchers first assessed damage related to food. Over the past few decades9 scientists have developed ways o doing “life cycle analysesw for specific items and assigned them a hard number to show their environmental impact. Meanwhile, public health scientists were doing similar analyses for human bodies. They carefully examined the links between food and health. They concluded that agriculture is a huge piece of the climate puzzle, and agriculture9 food, and diet are all linked.
We can't stop eating, so what should we do For some climate challenges, there are relatively straightforward ways. For example, renewable energy sources can already replace much of the energy needed to power buildings, cars, and more.
There's no substitute for food, but shifting what we eat is possible. If all people on the planet are vegans, greenhouse gas emissions from the food system could be cut by more than half a planet of vegetarians would trim food emissions by 44 percent.
28. Why does the author list the figures in paragraph 2
A. To highlight the harm of gas emission.
B. To advocate the consumption of red meats.
C. To show the environmental impact of food.
D. To illustrate the necessity of cutting food waste.
29. What relationship do scientists show exactly with "life cycle analyses"？
A. Food and human bodies,
B. Climate change and health.
C. Agriculture and human development.
D. Food production and the environment.
30. What does the text suggest people do about food emissions
A. Eat whatever you want. B. Use fossil energy sources.
C. Reduce food consumption. D. Consume more vegetables.
31. What does the underlined word "trim" mean in paragraph 5
A. Reduce. B. Release. C. Affect. D. Improve.
D
Traditionally, the work o the naturalist has been one of hard work and extreme patience involving going out into the field, observing or capturing animals and counting them. Now, two teams of scientists have developed a ground-breaking technique to monitor the location of animals on land by collecting their DNA from thin air.
Bohmann, a professor at the University of Copenhagen, led her team to test whether airborne environmental DNA （eDNA） could be used to detect different animal species by collecting samples at the Copenhagen Zoo. They used a an-like device to suck air, and then extracted the DNA from the air and sequenced（测序）it. Once processed, the DNA sequences were compared to a reference database to identify the animal species. Meanwhile, a second team led by Elizabeth Clare from Queen Mary University of London was conducting a similar experiment at Hamerton Zoo Park in Cambridgeshire. Both teams detected the presence of animals living at the zoos. They also identified animals living in the surrounding areas, including the Eurasian hedgehog which is endangered in the UK.
"Collecting and sequencing airborne eDNA has the potential to transform the way natural ecosystems are studied and surveyed, " says Clare. In the future, it could be used to monitor how species are changing their distributions in response to climate change, or detect the presence o insects and species in sensitive environments,
Bohmann explains the challenges that ecologists face without this kind o technique. " Earlier in my career, I went to Madagascar hoping to see lots of lemurs（狐猴）. I rarely saw them. Instead, I mostly just heard them jumping their way through trees, " she says. "For many species, it can be a lot of work to detect them by direct observation, especially if they live in closed or inaccessible habitats. "
The technique could shape the way scientists map species and could potentially help them remove the need for camera traps, in-person monitoring and intensive field work. While there is still much to do, such as improving battery life o the device to develop the technique, the scientists behind the technique have already made history.
32. What is the new technique intended for
A. Counting the number of animals. B. Observing the behavior of animals.
C. Detecting the presence of animals. D. Changing the habitats of animals.
33. What is paragraph 2 mainly about
A. The advantages of a fan-like device.
B. The tests o the new eDNA technique.
C. The importance of protecting animals.
D. The methods of collecting eDNA samples.
34. Why are Bohmann's words mentioned in paragraph 4
A. To prove the danger o naturalists5 work.
B. To stress the significance of the new technique.
C. To show the difficulties of studying ecosystems.
D. To present the impact of observations on animals.
35. What will scientists probably do next
A. Develop camera trap technology.
B. Apply the technique on a large scale.
C. Conduct more in-person monitoring.
D. Extend the lifespan o the device's battery.
答案：
山东省聊城市2021-2022学年高二下学期期末考试英语试题
21—25 DBAAB 26—30 DACBC 31—35 ACBDC
山东省菏泽市2021-2022学年高二年级下学期期末质量检测英语试题
21-25 DCCDD 26-30 BCDAA 31-35 BCCBA
山东省济宁市2021-2022学年高二下学期期末考试英语试题
21-23 BDC 24-27 ABCD 28-31 BCDA 32-35 ACAD
山东省滨州市2021-2022学年高二下学期期末考试英语试题
21—25 BDCBD 26—30 BACAD 31—35 CADCD
山东省德州市2021-2022学年高二下学期期末考试英语试题
21-23 DBA 24-27 CBCD 28-31 CDDA 32-35 CBBD