四川省部分地区2021-2022学年高二下学期期末考试英语试题汇编：阅读理解

四川省部分地区
2021-2022学年高二下学期期末考试英语试题分类汇编
阅读理解
四川省成都市2021-2022学年高二下学期期末摸底测试（零诊）英语试题（解析版）
第一节（共15小题；每小题2分，满分30分）
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项（A、B、C和D）中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
A
Fancy earning rewards for giving your opinions Norstat is offering exactly that.
What are you going to do
Participate in surveys whenever you want and get rewarded for expressing your opinions. By participating in Norstatpanel surveys, you get to influence the products and services of the future. This part-time job is completely flexible, and an excellent way to earn money.
How does it work
Each survey will only take between 5~20 minutes. It is completely free to sign up, and up to you which surveys you would like to do. You will be rewarded for each completed survey and as you respond to more surveys, you unlock new benefits and receive more rewards! Complete your profile survey to be in with a chance of winning a f20 Amazon voucher (代金券).
What do we offer
Completing surveys will earn you coins, which you can choose to spend in different ways.
You live by the motto “cash is king” No problem! You can spend your coins on a universal gift card that can be used at hundreds of different stores! You can also use your coins as a donation towards forest planting.
What do we ask
·No education background is required.
·Don’t be afraid to give your honest opinion. There’re no incorrect answers.
·You have access to the internet, a mobile phone or computer.
·You live in the UK.
·No experience is required.
Are you the perfect candidate Click “apply now”!
1. What will you do in the job
A. Sign up with little cost. B. Collect surveys.
C. Design better products. D. Give your opinions.
2. Which is a must for the job
A. A mobile phone. B. A UK residence.
C. Related experience. D. College education.
3. Where can you probably read this passage
A. On a website. B. In a magazine.
C. In a travel guide. D. On a notice board.
B
The steps at the back of David Olson’s house in Norton Shores, Michigan, were breaking off and had to go. So one day last July, Olson started to do some repair work. He was surprised to see that the ground underneath was sand, not dirt. Even more surprising, there were three bowling balls in the hole he’d made. “No way,” Olson said out loud.
All afternoon, Olson dug out sand and bowling balls. As Olson reached the last step, he counted the balls and was shocked to get 158. The balls Olson dug up are Brunswicks, a bowling products company near where Olson lives. But how did so many of them get into the ground behind his house
A local woman named Judy had a theory. Her husband had worked at Brunswick for 48 years, testing bowling balls to make sure they were qualified. He told Judy that sometimes homeowners would use unqualified balls as filler for their backyards. Sand and bowling balls wouldn’t be legally accepted, but the combination is structurally sound. Most highways are built using the same basic principle, with pavement (路面) over a rock foundation.
And that wasn’t the end of it. Weeks after posting his find on Facebook, Olson heard a local restaurant asked to use the balls in a bowling match. In exchange, Olson and his wife could play for free.
Neither of them had bowled in years, but they struggled for a win in their first match. Then they won again. As David and Megan Olson kept winning, they started to believe that these bowling balls were more than just a strange backyard discovery but an amazing gift.
4. What surprised Olson most
A. The balls belonged to a nearby company.
B The steps behind his house were broken.
C. The ground underneath the steps was sand.
D. There were many bowling balls under his backyard.
5. What do we know about bowling balls in Paragraph 3
A. They are allowed in construction by law.
B. They are used in building most highways.
C. They could be a reasonable construction material.
D. The quality of bowling balls were not taken seriously.
6. How did the Olsons feel when they kept winning the matches
A. Confident. B. Satisfied. C. Puzzled. D. Lucky.
7. Which can be a suitable title for the text
A. Judy’s Theory B. Family Matters
C. An Unexpected Discovery D. Bowling Matches
C
For almost all of human history, the Earth's population has tended to be younger. But since the last World Population Day on July 11, a major shift occurred: There are now more people aged 65 and older than there are under age five.
World Population Day was established by the United Nations Development Program in 1989 to bring attention to population issues. Having more people on the planet is not the only concern, though, since a population's age structure matters too.
Increased lifetime is a remarkable human success story, but having more elderly people also creates a number of socioeconomic concerns. The global population will continue to age as these two groups grow in opposite directions. By 2100, the percentage of the population aged 65 and older will rise to nearly 25 percent - about five times that of children under five.
“Most developed countries have been aging for a century, giving them time to prepare for the changes. But developing countries will become old before they become rich,” says researcher Toshiko Kaneda. Many countries in Latin America and Asia are aging much faster and have less time and resources to prepare health-care systems.
What are the consequences of an older global population Supporting elderly people is more expensive than caring for young ones. Pressing issues arise like how to provide long-term care, and maintain a labor force. In developed regions like Europe, where 10 percent of the population over age 50 is childless, elderly care is a major worry.
“Not a single country has been able to change declining trends in fertility (生育) despite government requests for people to reproduce as has been done across Europe and in Japan” Kaneda says. “The aging trend is continuous. ”
But declining fertility rates can have positive effects too, says Kaneda. When fertility rates decline but the population hasn't aged yet, governments can spend more on secondary and higher education, and benefit the economy. Both Thailand and South Korea have seized the opportunity during this ideal period.
8. What do we know about the global population
A. It tended to be younger until now.
B. People are living longer and having fewer kids.
C. Age structure matters more than population size.
D. Developed countries are facing tougher challenges.
9. Which chart shows the global trend in the percentage of children under five
A. B.
C. D.
10 What's Kaneda's attitude towards the global population issue
A. Critical. B. Objective. C. Optimistic. D. Doubtful.
11. What is the text mainly about
A. The declining trend in the fertility rates.
B. The consequences of the aging population.
C. The establishment of World Population Day.
D. The present situation of the global population.
D
Age may be just a number, but it’s a number that often carries unwanted side effects, from fragile bones and weaker muscles to increased risks of heart disease and cancer. Now, scientists at the Salk Institute have shown that they can safely and effectively reverse the aging process in middle-aged and elderly mice by partially resetting their cells to more youthful states.
As living creatures age, it is not just their outward appearances and health that change; every cell in their bodies carries a molecular clock (分子钟) that records the passage of time. Cells from older people or animals have different patterns of chemicals along their DNA, called epigenetic markers (表观遗传标志物), compared to younger people or animals. Scientists know that adding a mixture of four reprogramming molecules—also known as “Yamanaka factors”—to cells can reset these epigenetic markers to their original patterns. This approach is how researchers can dial back adult cells, developmentally speaking, into stem cells (干细胞).
In the new study, Izpisua Belmonte, a professor in Salk’s Gene Expression Laboratory, and his colleagues tested variations of the approach in healthy animals as they aged. The first group of mice received the Yamanaka factors from the time they were 15 months old until 22 months, approximately equal to age 50 through 70 in humans. Another group was treated from 12 through 22 months, approximately age 35 to 70 in humans. And a third group was treated for just one month at age 25 months, similar to age 80 in humans.
“What we really wanted to establish was that using this approach for a longer time is safe,” says Belmonte. “Indeed, we did not see any negative effects on the health, behavior or body weight of these animals. ” Compared to control animals, there were no blood cell changes in the mice that had received the Yamanaka factors. Moreover, the team found no cancers in any of the groups of animals.
12. What does the underlined word “reverse” in Paragraph 1 probably mean
A. Maintain. B. Start. C. Change. D. Quicken.
13. What do we know about the Yamanaka factors
A. They consist of four reprogramming molecules.
B. They can turn epigenetic markers into stem cells.
C. They have been applied to lower the risk of heart disease.
D. They were discovered by Izpisua Belmonte and his colleagues.
14. What is Paragraph 3 mainly about
A. The purpose of the study. B. The procedure of the study.
C. The background of the study. D. The significance of the study.
15. What is the purpose of the text
A. To report the result of a cancer study.
B. To introduce a cure for aging diseases.
C. To inform a breakthrough in gene research.
D. To explain the process of keeping mice young.
四川省乐山市2021-2022学年高二下学期期末考试英语试题（解析版）
第一节（共15小题；每小题2分，满分30分）
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项（A、B、C和D）中，选出最佳选项。
A
Hit the Sauna (桑拿) Instead of the Gym
A Coventry University study reports that sitting in a sauna for at least 30 minutes three times a week is as beneficial as hiking or riding a bike. It raises your body temperature, increases your heart rate, and helps keep your blood sugar at normal levels. Over time, this may lower your risk of type 2 diabetes, dementia, and heart disease.
Lower Stress with the Help of a Friend
According to a University of Illinois study, women are likely to turn to a caring female friend to talk about a problem, which successfully lowers their stress. And this strategy can help man as well. So the next time you feel stressed, call a friend. It might help you feel better, short-term and long.
Tai Chi reduces belly fat
A Hong Kong study found that Tai Chi (太极) reduces belly fat as effectively as conventional exercise. Since excess belly fat is linked to heart disease and type 2 diabetes, doing Tai chi can have some important health benefits.
Exercise builds bones and protects against cancer
A British study has found that people who suffer from osteoporosis — a condition that causes bones to become delicate and break easily could benefit from exercising more. Exercising accelerates (加快) the formation of new bone cell tissue and removal of old. Many hospitals recommend exercise for up to 150 minutes a week, as it increases energy and strength while reducing pain and anxiety.
1. What’s the benefit of turning to a friend
A. Lowering the risk of diabetes. B. Reducing heart attack.
C. Keeping blood pressure. D. Relieving anxious emotions.
2. How does exercise help build bones
A. By growing new bone cell tissue.
B. By increasing energy and reducing anxiety.
C. By breaking down the old and fragile bones.
D. By speeding up the turnover of old and new cells.
3. What are the four mini paragraphs about
A. New treatment options for certain diseases. B. Major breakthroughs in medicine.
C. New findings in how to keep healthy. D. Advice on the frequency of exercise.
B
Two “stolen” notebooks written by Charles Darwin were returned to Cambridge University, nearly 22 years after they went missing. The notebooks included the scientist’s famous Tree of Life sketch(草图) and were believed to have been taken in November 2000. Both notebooks were returned to the library in their original file boxes, and included a printed message which read, “Librarian — Happy Easter... X”.
Speaking to the BBC, Cambridge University’s librarian Dr Jessica Gardner said she felt “joyous” at their return. Initially, librarians had thought the notebooks had been misplaced by staff. After various checks through the years, head librarian Dr Gardner eventually reported the notebooks as stolen to the police in 2020.
Dr Gardner was also worried that the notebooks might have taken a lifetime or longer to come back. “I thought it might take years. My sense of relief at the notebooks’ safe return is profound and almost impossible to adequately express. I was heartbroken to learn of their loss and my joy at their return is immense.”
“There have been tears,” she added. “And I think there still will be, because we are not over the emotional roller coaster. It means so much to us to have these home.”
According to Dr Gardner, Cambridge University Libraries will be pulling the notebooks on display this summer, as part of the upcoming exhibition Darwin In Conversation, which opens oil July 9.
4 Who “stole” the notebooks
A. A library staff member. B. A scientist researching Darwin.
C. Dr Jessica Gardner. D. Someone we don’t know.
5. We can learn from the first paragraph that ______.
A. the police found the “thief” from the message
B. the notebooks were damaged to some degree
C. the notebooks are very valuable documents
D. the notebooks were “stolen” during the Easter
6. What does Dr Gardner think of the return of the notebooks
A. It’s thrilling and risky. B. It’s hard but worthwhile.
C. It’s unexpected while joyful. D. It’s sceptical and unbelievable.
7. What is the best title for this passage
A. Notebooks that Reflects Charles Darwin’s Genius
B. Darwin’s Notebooks Found in Cambridge University
C. Charles Darwin’ Notebooks Returned after 22 Years
D. Darwin In Conversation, an Exhibition You Can’t Miss
C
The first time I realized that I had a love for sports competitions was during the Field Day (室外运动会) in elementary school.
Small for my age, and more of a bookworm than a sports enthusiast, I had suffered that special shame of being picked last for various gym teams. The Field Day, which focused on individual skills, was different.
In the Softball Throw (女子棒球) event, I got my first taste of sporting victory. I put it down to my first coach, my father. He bought us all baseball gloves and hats, and in the warm months, we spent hours playing e fall, our backyard football games began with passing practice.
Once I got to sixth grade, the entire students were assigned to either the Red or the White team. Throughout the year, we competed against each other in various games and exercises for points. I eventually became president of The Committee of Games, increasing my competitive fever. However, in girls’ sports games at my school. I was no star. During the weekends at home, playing tennis, skating, skiing and biking were simply normal things we did.
Magazines were also quite popular for us teens. These regularly featured articles on physical exercise. Somehow, my college roommate and I took up the habit of completing the Royal Canadian Air Force (RCAF) exercise every day, a sweaty body building practice that continued into my marriage, when we had no spare funds to use to join a gym. So, though it shocked some of our friends, the early foundation evolved in adulthood into a sports and fitness focus, which was considered essential even on vacation.
I still love reading and the arts, too. As far as I’m considered, life is the richest with my feet in both worlds.
8. What does the author mean by saying “being picked last for various gym teams” in paragraph 2
A. She seemed to have little talent in gym games. B. She had to interest in sports.
C. She joined various groups. D. She was tired of competition.
9. Which is closest in meaning to “put it down to” in paragraph 3
A. Owe it to. B. Pass it on to.
C. Hand it over to. D. Show it off to.
10. What can we infer from paragraph 4&5
A. She developed an interest in reading magazine.
B. Sports gradually became part of her life.
C Sports game had influenced her marriage a lot.
D. She didn’t like competitive sports.
11. Which of the following statements would the author agree
A. Reading comes second to Sports. B. Life’s foundation all lies in sports.
C. Girls’ sports are not competitive. D. Sports enriches life as well as books.
D
Scientists have discovered a common household item is the perfect host for bacteria: the kitchen sponge (海绵块). According to the new research, a sponge is a better habitat for diverse bacterial communities than a laboratory petri dish.
Some bacteria prefer living with a collection of microbial species, while others prefer solitude. “Bacteria are just like people living through the pandemic—some find it difficult being set apart while others thrive (繁育),” says study co author Lingchong You, a professor of biomedical engineering at Duke, in a statement.
In their study, researchers distributed different strains of E. coli (大肠杆菌菌株) onto plates with different numbers of wells, which functioned as physical separation. The large wells allowed microbial species to mix freely, while the small wells let species keep to themselves. After 30 hours, they looked at the number and types of bacterial on each plate, which had anywhere from six to 1, 536 wells. The scientists found that a moderate level of physical separation, similar to the structure of a kitchen sponge, allowed both kinds of bacteria — those that live in groups and those that live alone—to thrive.
After the researchers ran their initial experiments, they recreated the experiment on a sponge. They found that the bacterial community growing on a kitchen sponge was more diverse than those produced in laboratory petri dishes, which are designed to host bacteria. “Sponges are not really well-suited for kitchen cleanness.” says Markus Egert, a microbiologist at Furtwangen University. “There’s hardly any sterile surface at home, but the kitchen sponge is probably the most thickly populated item at home.”
To keep bacterial growth to a minimum(最小量), Markus recommends microwaving your kitchen sponge for one to two minutes, keeping it away from raw meat, and replacing it every couple of weeks.
12. What does the underlined word “solitude” in paragraph 2 mean
A. Being alone. B. Growing in the soil.
C. Being in air. D. Living in groups
13. Why is a sponge a better host for bacteria according to paragraph 3
A It mixes microbial species to a different level.
B. Its moderate holey structure maintains both kinds of bacteria.
C. It offers a high level of nutrients to bacteria.
D. It allows bacteria communities to keep to themselves.
14. What can we learn from Markus Egert’s words
A. Raw meat is a major source of bacteria.
B. The sponge is a necessity in every kitchen.
C. The sponge should be removed from the kitchen.
D. Bacteria can grow on almost every item at home.
15. What’s the purpose of writing the passage
A. To urgently call for kitchen cleanness.
B. I o explain how we easily fall victim to bacteria.
C. To call on people to abandon kitchen sponges.
D. To report kitchen sponge is a better home for bacteria.
四川省南充市2021-2022学年高二下学期期末英语试题
第一节 (共 15 小题;每小题2 分, 满分30 分)
阅读下列短文, 从每题所给的四个选项(A、B、C和 D)中选出最佳选项, 并 在答题卡上将该选项涂黑。
A
Experience College at Harvard
Challenge yourself in college-level courses. Meet new friends from around the world. Strengthen your college application. And, build important life skills that can make your future college experience a success.
Pre-College Program
An intense and exciting glimpse into the college experience. During this intensive two-week program, you will take the first steps toward your college journey alongside a diverse group of exceptional high school students.
● Challenge yourself in a college course taught by Harvard teachers, without the pressure of grades.
● Engage with your peers in structured co-curricular activities, college readiness workshops, and social events.
● Two weeks, non-credit
Secondary School Program
Immerse yourself in college life for seven weeks! In this dynamic seven-week program, you can earn college credit while experiencing first-hand what it's really like to be a college student.
● Choose one or two college-level classes that explore deeply into subjects that really excite you and may not be offered in high school.
● Prepare for the future as you experience what it's really like to balance responsibility with independence in one of three program forms—online, commuting, or residential.
● Seven weeks, college credit
Application is now open for both high school programs! See program calendars for important dates and deadlines.
To get our updates, join our mailing list for helpful information and important deadlines. Start your education journey today!
21. What do the two programs have in common
A. All the learning activities take place online.
B. They are required procedures for college application.
C. They provide the students with college-level courses.
D. Students can earn college credits after learning the two programs.
22. According to this passage, applicants can __________________.
A. start to apply for both programs now
B. pay for the program calendars from today
C. apply for the programs throughout the year
D. download a mailing list to get helpful updates
23. What is the purpose of this passage
A. To raise money for Harvard Summer Programs.
B. To share the college learning experience with readers.
C. To introduce the diverse courses in Harvard University.
D. To advertise Harvard Summer Programs for high school students.
B
Toni Morrison was an American writer who received the Nobel Prize in Literature. Her novels Beloved, Song of Solomon and others explored the way African-Americans search for freedom and identity in a country obsessed(受困扰的)with skin color. Morrison was nearly 40 when she published her first novel The Bluest Eye in 1970. The Nobel Prize committee described her writing as language itself, a language she wants to liberate from race. Her novels discussed America's past, focusing on black history and the effects of slavery and racism. She called her characters“the unfree at the heart of the democratic(民主的) experiment” .
Toni Morrison was born in 1931. She attended Howard University, a university in Washington, D. C. , which only admitted African-Americans. At Howard, she read African, British and American literature, including writers William Faulkner and Virginia Woolf. After a short marriage, she became a single mother of two sons and worked as a book editor in New York.
Her first book The Bluest Eye follows a young girl named Pecola Breedlove, who grows up in Lorain, Ohio. Consistently bullied for her dark skin and made to feel ugly and unloved, Pecola prays for the miracle of blue eyes-a characteristic of white American beauty. As a result of this impossible desire, Pecola's life begins to collapse. Several publishers rejected this book but it impressed The New York Times' book critic John Leonard, who believed Morrison was an important new voice. He said her writing was “so charged with pain and wonder that the novel becomes poetry” .
In 1988, she won the Pulitzer Prize for her novel Beloved, which is based on the true story of an African-American enslaved woman. It became a best-seller and was later made into a film with Oprah Winfrey. Many Americans admired her as the country's greatest living writer, including former President Barack Obama.
Morrison enjoyed her literary fame and was proud of her Nobel Prize won in 1993.
24. What can we learn about Toni Morrison from the text
A. She only read African-American literature at university.
B. Morrison was about 40 when she received the Nobel Prize.
C. Her novels concentrated on the Americans obsessed with skin color.
D. She attended a university which only accepted African-Americans.
25. Why does the girl in the novel The Bluest Eye pray for blue eyes
A. Because she supposes she looks more beautiful with blue eyes.
B. Because she wants to make sure whether she has magic power.
C. Because she thinks blue eyes can free herself from the sufferings.
D. Because she believes blue eyes can stop herself from being a slave.
26. How did many Americans think of Toni Morrison
A. They considered her as a common writer.
B. They couldn't think highly of her enough.
C. They felt that her novels were not so fascinating.
D. They believed her novels had some room for improvement.
27. What's the text mainly about
A. The spirit of Toni Morrison's great novels.
B. An introduction of a writer called Toni Morrison.
C. The ways how Toni Morrison enjoyed literary fame.
D. The reasons why Toni Morrison won the Nobel Prize.
C
If you look around your city, you might spot girls wearing hanfu in subways or people wearing T-shirts with Chinese characters on the streets. A new trend is taking hold in China-guochao, or “China-chic”
The term characterizes the rise of China's native fashion trends. It has expanded the concept of“Made in China”, which has been recognized as the representation of Chinese culture and aesthetics(美学)offered by homegrown Chinese brands.
China-chic came into the spotlight in 2018. Before that, big-name foreign companies, such as NIKE, ADIDAS and PUMA, dominated the world market. But that year, Chinese sportswear brand Li-Ning changed things up. During the 2018 New York Fashion Week, Li-Ning introduced its Taoism-inspired Wu Dao collection. The collection not only had a trendy look, but also included elements of traditional Chinese culture. It immediately grabbed attention at home and abroad. As a result, the company recorded 20 percent profit growth in 2018, marking the first time the brand's revenue had hit the 10-billion-yuan mark since its founding.
The trend to embrace domestic brands has since spread rapidly to various sectors and products, from food and drinks to clothing, mobile phones and electric vehicles. For example, White Rabbit, whose sweet candy brings back childhood memories for many, launched its perfume and lip balm. “We want White Rabbit to be a brand that young people want to share, "said Shen Qinfeng, the company's marketing manager.
Now, the guochao trend is “moving to the next stage, where its success will rely, first and foremost, on gaining cultural confidence rather than Western recognition. ” according to Kerra Zhou, founder of brand strategy consultancy Kerrisma. No matter how the guochao trend develops, there's one thing that won't change: Behind the craze is people's positive attitude toward the country's development and their recognition of growing confidence in national culture, added Zhou.
28. What's the function of Paragraph 1
A. To introduce a new trend in China.
B. To highlight the popularity of guochao.
C. To describe a common scene on the street.
D. To show Chinese brands beat foreign companies.
29. Which of the following statements about guochao is correct
A. Li-Ning stimulated the development of guochao
B. Guochao is a new trend popular throughout the world.
C. Guochao refers to people's preference for ancient culture.
D. It's before 2018 that guochao had received great attention
30. What may Kerra Zhou agree with
A. chineseis still following the western trend
B. Guochao's success relies on western recognition
C. National pride arouses the passion for guochao.
D. Cultural awarenessis the key to winning market share
31. Which can be a suitable title for the text
A. The Popularity of Native Brands B. The Boom of China-chic
C. The Recognition of National Culture D. The Root of Guochao
D
According to the IUCN Red List 32, 000 species are threatened with extinction. Although we might be working hard to help some species come back from the brink, we might also be eating some threatened species without even realising it.
Searching industrial fishing records, researchers identified almost 100 endangered species being sold as seafood, and this is done legally. When sold, these fish are not required to be labelled according to species, so consumers have no way of knowing what they're eating, let alone whether they're endangered or not.
The team stresses that this is only the tip of the iceberg, as they only looked at a specific section of records and excluded groups of fish such as sharks, which are commonly eaten in Australia, Europe, and some Asian countries.
To solve the mess we're creating in the ocean, the researchers have come up with some ways, one of which is to expand our idea of seafood to include jellyfish(水母).
That might sound a little unusual, but it's not the first time scientists have suggested it as a food source. And with jellyfish being one of a minority of wild animals that scientists think might be actually increasing in numbers around the world, it makes a lot of sense. With jellyfish as a food source, other endangered species may be kept in the sea.
Of course, there are other ways to help keep endangered species off the menu. Carissa Klein, University of Queensland(UQ)conservation scientist, thinks that the labelling of seafood needs to be improved, so that people are more aware of what they are eating. Besides, it can be also important if the cooperation between fisheries and conservation policies can be better promoted. “We would never consider eating mountain gorillas or elephants, both of which are endangered, ”added Klein.
32. What does the underlined word “this” in Paragraph 3 refer to
A. Almost 100 endangered fish are sold as seafood.
B. Consumers don't know the fish they're eating are endangered.
C. Fish are not required to be labelled according to species when sold.
D. Researchers only looked at a particular part of records and excluded some groups of fish.
33. What can you infer from Paragraph 4
A. The population of jelly fish might be increasing around the world.
B. Eating jellyfish sounds so unusual that people should not give it a try.
C. Making jellyfish as a food source is a new idea put forward by scientists.
D. The consumption of jelly fish may help other endangered species in the sea.
34. Why does the last paragraph mention "mountain gorillas” and “elephants”
A. To emphasize the importance of labelling the seafood that people are eating.
B. To state the fact that people would never consider eating mountain gorillas or elephants.
C. To support the suggestion for fisheries' better partnership with protection policies.
D. To inform the readers that mountain gorillas and elephants are endangered animals.
35. Where is this text most likely from
A. A science fiction. B. A government report.
C. A brochure. D. A magazine.
四川省雅安市2021-2022学年高二下学期期末检测英语试题
第一节阅读理解（共15小题；每小题2分, 满分30分）
阅读下列短文, 从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中, 将该项涂黑。
A
All Summer Camp Programs
Llandovery, Wales
Language and Music for Life (LMFL) —; Founded in 1997, LMFL offers unique 2-week summer music and language courses. LMFL provides quality one-to-one training in a wide range of instruments & voice lessons for highly-motivated musicians of all ages. Study programs & classes include: Composition; Violin; Piano; Recorder; Guitar and Classical Singing.
Cambridge, UK
Reach Cambridge 一 Academic Camps (RC) 一 RC offers UK & international high school students the opportunity to gain an invaluable academic experience through a summer course. We provide unique and academic programs for students (ages 14-18). Study programs & classes include: Chemistry & Medicine, Computer Science & Math, and Economics & ESL.
Saint-Raphael, France
France Langue and Culture (FLC) 一 Experience a fun, educational language holiday for all the family this summer! FLC is the most family-friendly language school providing French summer classes for teens and young children. Study programs & classes include: Children's Summer Camps for ages 4-12, with home stay accommodation by French host families.
Quebec City, Canada
Education-Inter Summer Language School (El) 一 El offers summer French programs for children and teenagers (ages 10-17) and adults. Quebec City is the only major city in Canada that offers a 100% French-speaking environment, making it the ideal location for learning and practicing French. Study programs & classes include: 2 weeks5 Summer French Programs For Children & Teenagers （ages 10-17）, French & Dance, and French & Horse Riding.
21. If a boy is 6 and loves playing the piano, which summer camp suits him best
A. LMFL. B. FLC. C. EL D. RC.
22. Why is Quebec the perfect place for French learners
A. It offers summer French programs.
B. It is the only major city in Canada.
C. It has a summer French language school.
D. It is a place where people only speak French.
23. Where can the text be found
A. In a history book. B. In a novel. C. In a magazine. D. In a biography.
B
Every summer, during my grandparents5 annual visit to our home in Connecticut, my grandfather would spend mornings and afternoons playing solitaire （纸牌）at a table in the living room. My brother and I took turns sitting across from him with our own cards playing our own game. Every time we beat him―matching more cards to our top row than he did to his—he gave us a nickel （镣币）. Getting nickels was a big deal, and so, in pursuit of them, I occasionally cheated. So did my brother. But Grandfather didn't care. Playing the game was his quiet way of connecting with his grandchildren.
When I was in junior high, my mother taught me her version of double solitaire where you lay out most of the cards in two rows then try to move them up onto eight piles. I enjoyed playing the game sitting next to her in the evenings, one of the few moments in her day when I had my mother's full attention. When I was married and the mother of two teenage sons, solitaire became a stress-reliever. If I needed a break, I switched my attention from the noisy life to the silent game with my kids. During my retirement, many of the activities I most enjoy are solitary ones—reading, exploring different neighborhoods on foot, doing puzzles, planting a garden, writing a novel for middle-school kids, and of course solitaire.
The word "solitaire" originally meant someone who is isolated or alone. Solitaire plays well in silence, but the experience of it can be shared as well. My most vivid memories of solitaire are connected to people I have loved: a grandparent, a parent, a child. Perhaps solitaire will not only become a simple pastime but also a belief in the power of one centuries-old game to teach some simple truths about our lives: Happiness will always be within reach.
24. How did the author's grandfather bond with her
A. By playing games with her. B. By giving her pocket money.
C. By visiting her family frequently. D. By chatting with her face to face.
25. Why did the author enjoy playing solitaire in junior high
A. Her stress could be reduced. B. She could gain inner peace.
C. She considered it fun. D. Her mother would connect to her.
26. What did the author like doing after her retirement
A. Solving problems. B. Writing a book for adults.
C. Having some time alone. D. Walking in the garden.
27. What message does the author learn from solitaire
A. Happiness can be easy to gain.
B. It is a good habit to stay alone.
C. Full attention is needed for playing.
D. People should find ways to relieve their stress.
C
Being a parent is tough. Prejudice（偏见）against parents in the workplace only makes it harder.
Asking for flexible schedule is not unique to working parents only. I've worked with people in their twenties that requested to work a four-day schedule so they could go back to school part time. I've seen older adults in the workplace change their schedules so that they can spend more time at home. Almost everyone has to cut out of the office every now and again for a doctor5s appointment or other personal matters. Flexible schedules seem to be synonymous （代名词）with working parents, but in reality, they are not.
Parents aren't devoted to their jobs. This is really surprising because it's quite the contrary. There is actually strong evidence that parents are more devoted to their jobs than many other employees. They are some of the most focused employees out there. Parents are less likely to change jobs than other employees. Stability （稳定）is key when raising a family.
Parents aren't good team members. Since it is parents that need to leave the office at 5 or aren't able to come in before 9, most people think that the singletons on the team need to make up for it. In today's technology world, this is hardly the case. While many parents do limit their physical "in office 55 hours, most spend time on weekends, early mornings, and after work working. Besides, parents may be more likely to take vacations during major holidays due to children's school schedules.
Parents are at work only out of financial needs. Why would anyone want to leave their children behind and come to the workplace if they didn't have to Actually, a lot of people do. Caring for children is a wonderful experience, but everyone needs a break. Many parents may still be interested in their field of work, finding work interesting. Money is nice, but it's certainly not the only reason that parents are there.
28. Why do some young people ask for a four-day work schedule
A. To see their working parents. B. To return to school part time.
C. To spend more time at home. D. To make an appointment with doctors.
29. What does the author think of parents' attitude towards their work
A. They are indifferent to their work. B. They believe their work is unique.
C. They are rather devoted and focused. D. They always show interest in their work.
30. What does the underlined word "this" refer to
A. Parents aren't good team members.
B. Parents leave office before 5 pm.
C. Most parents work during non-office hours.
D. Parents like taking vacations with their children.
31. What is the passage mainly about
A. Pressure that working parents suffer.
B. The contributions that parents make.
C. The profession parents are interested in.
D. Unreasonable opinions about working parents.
D
There are two important opinions about climate change. The first is that we have enough time to deal with human beings’ impact on our planetary climate system. The second is that mitigating（缓和）climate change will cost so many billions that we can't possibly afford to do it and that such action would take money away from the poorest people who need it most. According to a new study, the opposite is true.
In an article in the journal Nature, researchers found that if human beings fail to reduce greenhouse gas emissions （排放）to the levels in the Paris Agreement, the economic cost would range from $150 trillion to as much as $792 trillion by 2100. The agreement aims to keep global warming below 2 degrees Celsius. The basis of the Paris Agreement is voluntary actions that nations will take to mitigate CO2 emissions. "A number of studies have proved that current measures are not enough to achieve the global warming targets, " Biying Yu, from the Beijing Institute of Technology, told CBS News. What if we take action Yu and her colleagues looked at ways countries could improve their actions while maximizing gains and minimizing the effect on the economy, which would require global cooperation. " Since many countries and regions would have a negative net income in the early stage due to the large amount of cost to reduce greenhouse gas emission, they may refuse to improve current climate actions in the near term and choose to ignore the long-term climate damage, which makes it hard to achieve global warming targets. " Yu told CBS News.
As far as climate-change mitigations taking money from those who need help, it's worth remembering that it's the poorest and weakest who will be hardest hit by rising tides and violent storms. So money spent now would protect them later. And when it comes to those populations, we're talking life and death. It seems like the choice is clear.
32. What is the second opinion on climate change about
A. Humans' impact on climate change can be ignored.
B. Humans have little time to deal with climate change.
C. Humans should spend more money to lessen climate change.
D. Mitigating climate change will increase the burden on poor areas.
33. What is the purpose of the Paris Agreement
A. To raise funds.
B. To slow down global warming.
C. To end greenhouse gas emissions.
D. To remind humans of economic loss.
34. How do many countries view global warming in Paragraph 2
A. It is a chance to cooperate with others.
B. The return on improving it is very low.
C. It has little influence in the long term.
D. The poor need to pay attention to it.
35. What should countries do to achieve global warming targets
A. Work closely together.
B. Abandon all current measures.
C. Focus on short-term damage.
D. Prevent poor areas from spending money on it.
四川省甘孜州2021-2022学年高二下学期学业质量统一监测期末统考英语试题
阅读理解2*20
A
Animal Shows- Hot but the Last !
Crown Circus will have its last performances from Oct. 4th to Oct. 6th. After that, all the
trained animal performers will be released into the national reserves to enjoy their freedom as
other wild animals do, though some may refuse to leave their human keepers.
Birds Counting
Place : Center stage, Green Park.
Time : 8: 00- 10: 30, every other half hour, Monday morning, Oct. 4th.
Admission fee: kids under 6, free; adults, 60 per person; groups of over thee, a discount of 5%.
Monkey Play
Place: Williams Theater.
Time :9:00- 10: 00 Tuesday morning, Oct. 5th.
Admission fee: kids under 6, free; adults, 120 per person; a 10% discount for a group of over five.
The performance is not just a monkey show with fighting and banana feeding. More than that--one will see a real scene of Journey to the West.
Elephant Basketball Match
Place : City Stadium.
Time: 9:00- 10: 00, Thursday morning, Oct. 6th.
Admission fee: kids under 6, free; adults, 250 per person, a 10% discount for a group of 3.
Basketball Match! We are proud enough to use this sports term as our 5 animal players are all skilled and you'll enjoy a have-never-seen competitive and exciting ball game !
Farewell Animal Race
Place: City Stadium.
Time: 14: 00- 15: 00, Thursday afternoon, Oct. 6th.
Admission fee: kids under 6, free; adults, 300 per person with a discount of 10% for a group of over three.
All animals trained for the race such as dogs, pigs, monkeys, tigers, elephants will thank every animal lover by racing toward their freedom in the wild.
Please jump at the last chance to show your love for both animals and nature, because all the money we make will be donated to SAPF, or State Animal Protection Fund.
(21)How much will a group of four adults pay to watch Monkey Play
A. 432. B. 480. C. 552. D. S600.
(22)What do the four performances have in common
A. They are free for all children. B. The admission fee is too low.
C. They each offer a discount. D. They are hosted by SAPF.
(23)Which performance have the largest number of animals
A. Birds Counting. B. Monkey Play.
C. Elephant Basketball Match. D. Farewell Animal Race.
B
Kong Ziyue, a brave 11-year old boy, put out a forest fire when he was spending Spring Festival holiday at home in a village in Henan Province.
Kong was hanging out with his friends when they saw black smoke rising from the forest outside the village. They discovered flames when they arrived. As there were many dry leaves and weeds on the ground, the fre began to spread.
“You look after your sister, let me put out the fire, or all of the poplar trees will be damaged," Kong told Xia Ming, his friend. Grabbing a rag on the ground and starting to put out the fire, Kong spent about 30 minutes putting out the fire on his own. “Kong fell over accidentally and even burnt the palm on his right hand," said Xia. “If I wasn't looking after my sister, I would have definitely helped him put out the fire"
Kong's father was proud of his son's bravery but he also reminded his son to call 119-- the number for the fire service in China--first if he discovered any fire. When interviewed days later, Kong explained the reason why he decided to put out the fire on his own:“I thought if I called the firefighters or other adults for help, I was afraid that most of the trees would be burnt down before they arrived. "
Kong's brave action won praise from the local government and school.
However, an expert in fire control believes that Kong's actions shouldn't be encouraged. “It was pretty moving that the young kid had the courage to put out a fire. Kong's brave actions should be praised by the local government but should not be encouraged, because it was too dangerous for young kids to put out fires and they might get hurt when doing it. ”
(24)How did Kong Ziyue wipe out the forest fire
A. By calling for help. B. By using river water.
C. All by himself. D. With the help of firefighters.
(25)What did he think when asked why he didn't call 119
A. There was no such need. B. That's a waste of money.
C. The fire was easy to control. . D. It would be too late.
(26)Which of the following can best describe Kong
A. Brave and responsible. B. Caring but rude.
C. Proud and impatient. D. Smart but selfish.
(27)Where is the text possibly taken from
A. A youth magazine. B. A news report.
C. A novel. . D. A teenager story book.
C
The Doodle Boy Joe Whale is a 12-year-old from Shrewsbury, England, who needs only a blank canvas (画布) and a black marker to bring his imagination to life. The young artist has taken the Internet by storm with his clever doodles (涂鸦), which feature funny creatures and designs that can come only from the imagination of Joe一now known as The Doodle Boy.
While some of Joe's school teachers weren't too fond of him turning his math book into a “ doodle book", his parents, Greg and Nessa, sent their son to after-school art classes to encourage his interest. “One day, he came home from school a bit deflated because there wasn't much art going on there, so we decided to find him some extra art classes," Greg Whale said.
Joe impressed his art teacher so much that she shared some of his doodles on her own social media accounts, which got the attention of a local restaurant called Number Four. Restaurant staff then asked Joe's dad if the young artist would be interested in bringing his doodles to the restaurant's 8-foot whiteboard wall. His dad said, at first, he wasn't sure how his son was going to approach such a large canvas.
“When I got there, I thought,' Joe doesn't like to duplicate (复制) drawings, so how is he going to fill an 8-foot wall without having to duplicate his dole Greg thought. "But actually, Joe seemed to get better and better. It was unbelievable to watch. He would look back at the wall like he was stuck, sigh a lttle bit, and go back and come up with 20 more images at once. "
When it comes to supplies, Joe said he mainly uses black markers and pens because he likes creating his art in a black-and-white style. Greg said he and Joe's mom will continue to encourage their son's hobby and gift for art, whether it's through continued art education or other opportunities for him to share his doodles with the world.
(28)What does the underlined word“deflated" in Paragraph 2 mean
A. Proud. B. Relaxed. C. Frightened. D. Disappointed.
(29)What can we infer about Joe from Paragraph 3
A. His gift has been recognized.
B. He charged Number Four a high price.
C. He used to get in trouble for doodling online.
D. His paintings provided his teacher with inspiration.
(30)What did Greg think of Joe's drawings on the wall of the restaurant
A. They should be colorful. B. They excited his great curiosity. .
C. They left a strong impression on him. D. They were less attractive than expected.
(31)Which of the following can best describe Joe's parents
A. Far-sighted and strict. B. Warm-hearted and sporty.
C. Open-minded and supportive. D. Well-informed and courageous.
D
When things around the house stop working, what do you usually do with them Youprobably just throw them away. This has led to the modern nickname: the throwaway culture. There are many reasons for this. In some areas, it's difficult to find people who can make repairs, and fixing things can be quite expensive. And sometimes it s often easier to just buy a new one.
In 2009 Martine Postma from the Netherlands decided there must be a better way. Her solution was Repair Cafes: places where people can take damaged items (物品). There they will find tools and volunteer experts who are willing to help with repairs.
Postma's first Repair Cafe opened on Oct. 18, 2009, in Amsterdam, and was a huge success. News of the cafe spread, and people began asking how they could start their own. In 2011, Postma set up the Repair Cafe Foundation. This organization guides those hoping to begin their own neighborhood repair group. Today, there are about 2,000 Repair Cafes around the world with meetings held once a month. Everything is free, but donations are thankfully accepted.
The cafes not only provide help with repairs, but they also strengthen community ties. Ncighbors get to know one another as they work together on projects. In addition, valuable knowledge is passed along and remembered. Items are kept rather than thrown away. If a broken item weighs a kilo, it's been estimated (估计) that 2,000 Repair Cafes prevent 35,000 kilos of trash every month. That adds up to about 420,000 kilos per year!
Ginko Lee is the organizer for a repair group in Pasadena, California. In an interview, she described how exciting it is watching people who really want to help one another. She has ofien heard visitors say,“This is the kind of world I want to live in!" Ms. Lee said,“Everyone is a giver and a receiver in Repair Cafes. "
(32)Why did the author mention the throwaway culture
A. To list an example. B. To make a summary.
C. To bring up the topic. D. To give some suggestions.
(33)What solution did Martine Postma come up with
A. Running a place to repair items. B. Buying some tools for the public.
C. Starting a school to teach repairing. D. Volunteering to collect damaged things.
(34)How did the first Repair Cafe go in 2009
A. It got support from an organization. . B. It destroyed the throwaway culture.
C. It was considered to be useless. D. It drew a lot of attention.
(35) What can we say about Repair Cafes in Paragraph 4
A. They are easy to manage.
B. They make people stay close to nature.
C. They are helpful in protecting the environment.
D. They encourage people to start their own business.
答案：
四川省成都市2021-2022学年高二下学期期末摸底测试（零诊）英语试题（解析版）
【答案】1. D 2. B 3. A
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇应用文，介绍的是Norstat项目。该项目提供的是可以通过发表自己的观点来获得奖励的服务。
【1题详解】
细节理解题。根据第一段中“Fancy earning rewards for giving your opinions Norstat is offering exactly that.”（想要通过发表自己的观点来获得奖励吗？Norstat提供的正是这种服务。）可知，在Norstat中，你可以发表自己的观点来获取奖励。故选D。
【2题详解】
根据What do we ask 部分中的“You live in the UK.”（你住在英国）可知，该工作的要求之一是，工作人员必须住在英国。故选B。
【3题详解】
推理判断题。根据最后一句“Are you the perfect candidate Click “apply now”!”（你是完美的候选人吗 现在点击“申请”！），可知，该信息来自于网站。故选A。
【答案】4. D 5. C 6. D 7. C
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。本文叙述了David Olson在修补自家后院的台阶时发现了众多保龄球。原来这些保龄球和沙子结合起来能够当作填充物来填补后院。David Olson将其发现发布到脸书，一家餐馆申请使用它们来举办保龄球比赛，David Olson夫妻俩可以免费玩。这对他们俩来说保龄球简直是神奇的礼物。
【4题详解】
细节理解题。根据第一段的“He was surprised to see that the ground underneath was sand, not dirt. Even more surprising, there were three bowling balls in the hole he’d made.(他惊讶地发现下面的地面是沙子，而不是泥土。更令人惊讶的是，他挖的洞里有三个保龄球。)”以及第二段的“As Olson reached the last step, he counted the balls and was shocked to get 158.(当Olson走到最后一步时，他数了数球，震惊地得到了158个。)”可知，在修补后院台阶时，最让他惊讶的是地底下有许多的保龄球。故选D项。
【5题详解】
细节理解题。根据第三段的“He told Judy that sometimes homeowners would use unqualified balls as filler for their backyards. Sand and bowling balls wouldn’t be legally accepted, but the combination is structurally sound. Most highways are built using the same basic principle, with pavement (路面) over a rock foundation.(他告诉朱迪，有时房主会用不合格的球作为他们后院的填充物。沙子和保龄球在法律上是不被接受的，但是这种结合在结构上是合理的。大多数高速公路都是用同样的基本原理建造的，在岩石地基上铺设路面。)”可知，不合格的保龄球和沙子结合在一起能很好地当作填充物，其结构是合理的。因此，保龄球从某种程度来说可以当作一种合理的建筑材料。故选C项。
【6题详解】
推理判断题。根据最后一段的“As David and Megan Olson kept winning, they started to believe that these bowling balls were more than just a strange backyard discovery but an amazing gift.(随着David and Megan Olson不断获胜，他们开始相信这些保龄球不仅仅是一个奇怪的后院发现，而是一个惊人的礼物。)”可知，一开始David很不理解怎么地底下还有保龄球，但是通过慢慢了解后才知到它们的用处。而在保龄球被拿去当作比赛用品时，他们还能免费打保龄球且经常赢，他们觉得这些保龄是个神奇的礼物，即他们赢得了比赛感到很幸运。故选D项。
【7题详解】
主旨大意题。根据第一段的“He was surprised to see that the ground underneath was sand, not dirt. Even more surprising, there were three bowling balls in the hole he’d made.(他惊讶地发现下面的地面是沙子，而不是泥土。更令人惊讶的是，他挖的洞里有三个保龄球。)”以及最后一段的“As David and Megan Olson kept winning, they started to believe that these bowling balls were more than just a strange backyard discovery but an amazing gift.(随着David and Megan Olson不断获胜，他们开始相信这些保龄球不仅仅是一个奇怪的后院发现，而是一个惊人的礼物。)”可知，本文围绕着David在后院发现的保龄来讲述整个故事。这是一个意想不到的发现，但却有惊喜的结果。所以短文的最佳标题为“一个意想不到的发现”。故选C项。
【答案】8. B 9. A 10. B 11. D
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。短文介绍了关于全球人口的现状。
【8题详解】
细节理解题。根据第一段中“There are now more people aged 65 and older than there are under age five.”（现在65岁及以上的人比5岁以下的人要多。）以及第五段中“In developed regions like Europe, where 10 percent of the population over age 50 is childless, elderly care is a major worry.”（在欧洲等发达地区，50岁以上人口的10%没有孩子，老年人的照顾是一个主要问题。）可知，人们的寿命越来越长，生育的孩子越来越少。故选B。
【9题详解】
细节理解题。根据第三段中“The global population will continue to age as these two groups grow in opposite directions. By 2100, the percentage of the population aged 65 and older will rise to nearly 25 percent - about five times that of children under five.”（全球人口将继续老龄化，因为这两个群体的增长方向相反。到2100年，65岁及以上的人口比例将上升到近25%，大约是5岁以下儿童比例的5倍。）可知，到2100年的时候5岁以下儿童的比例将会下降到老年人口的五分之一。故徐A。
【10题详解】
推理判断题。根据倒数第二段中“Not a single country has been able to change declining trends in fertility (生育) despite government requests for people to reproduce as has been done across Europe and in Japan,” Kaneda says. “The aging trend is continuous. ””（Kaneda说：“尽管政府要求人们像欧洲和日本那样生育，但没有一个国家能够改变生育率下降的趋势”老龄化趋势一直在持续）可知，Kaneda认为老龄化是全世界所不可避免的一个趋势，而且是持续的趋势。所以Kaneda对全球人口问题的态度是客观的。故选B。
【11题详解】
主旨大意题。根据第一段中“For almost all of human history, the Earth's population has tended to be younger. But since the last World Population Day on July 11, a major shift occurred: There are now more people aged 65 and older than there are under age five.”（在几乎所有人类历史中，地球人口都趋于年轻化。但自7月11日最后一个世界人口日以来，发生了一个重大变化：现在65岁及以上的人口比5岁以下的人口还要多）可知，短文主要是关于全球人口的现状。故选D。
【答案】12. C 13. A 14. B 15. C
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。本文介绍了科学家们可以通过将中老年老鼠的细胞部分重置为更年轻的状态，安全有效地逆转其衰老过程。科学家通过分组实验，对不同年龄层的老鼠做了研究，均没有发现有任何消极的影响。
【12题详解】
词句猜测题。根据第一段的“Now, scientists at the Salk Institute have shown that they can safely and effectively reverse the aging process in middle-aged and elderly mice by partially resetting their cells to more youthful states.(现在，索尔克研究所的科学家已经表明，他们可以安全有效地reverse中年和老年老鼠的衰老过程，方法是将它们的细胞部分重置为更年轻的状态。)”可知，将老鼠的细胞部分重置为更年轻的状态可以有效转变它们的衰老过程，使它们重回年轻状态。因此，此处“reserve”意为“改变”。故选C项。
【13题详解】
细节理解题。根据第二段的“Scientists know that adding a mixture of four reprogramming molecules—also known as “Yamanaka factors”—to cells can reset these epigenetic markers to their original patterns.(科学家们知道，向细胞中加入四种重编程分子的混合物——也被称为“山中伸弥因子”——可以将这些表观遗传标记重置为它们的原始模式。)”可知，山中伸弥因子是由四种重编程分子。故选A项。
【14题详解】
主旨大意题。根据第三段整段“In the new study, Izpisua Belmonte, a professor in Salk’s Gene Expression Laboratory, and his colleagues tested variations of the approach in healthy animals as they aged. The first group of mice received the Yamanaka factors from the time they were 15 months old until 22 months, approximately equal to age 50 through 70 in humans. Another group was treated from 12 through 22 months, approximately age 35 to 70 in humans. And a third group was treated for just one month at age 25 months, similar to age 80 in humans. (在这项新的研究中，萨尔克基因表达实验室的教授Izpisua Belmonte和他的同事们在健康动物衰老的过程中测试了这种方法的变异。第一组老鼠从15个月大到22个月大时接受了山中伸弥因子治疗，在人类中大约等于50岁到70岁。另一组在12至22个月期间接受治疗，人类年龄约为35至70岁。第三组在25个月大时只接受了一个月的治疗，与人类80岁时的情况相似。)”可知，此段主要介绍了这项新研究进行了三组的实验，每组实验的老鼠是不同年龄层次的。因此本段讲述的是实验的过程。故选B项。
【15题详解】
推理判断题。根据第一段的“Now, scientists at the Salk Institute have shown that they can safely and effectively reverse the aging process in middle-aged and elderly mice by partially resetting their cells to more youthful states.(现在，索尔克研究所的科学家已经表明，他们可以安全有效地逆转中年和老年老鼠的衰老过程，方法是将它们的细胞部分重置为更年轻的状态。)”以及第二段的“Scientists know that adding a mixture of four reprogramming molecules—also known as “Yamanaka factors”—to cells can reset these epigenetic markers to their original patterns. This approach is how researchers can dial back adult cells, developmentally speaking, into stem cells (干细胞).(科学家们知道，向细胞中加入四种重编程分子的混合物——也被称为“山中伸弥因子”——可以将这些表观遗传标记重置为它们的原始模式。从发育角度来说，研究人员正是通过这种方法将成年细胞转变成干细胞。)”以及最后一段的““Indeed, we did not see any negative effects on the health, behavior or body weight of these animals. ”(“事实上，我们没有看到对这些动物的健康、行为或体重有任何负面影响。”)”可知，本文主要讲述了科学家在基因研究方面取得重大进展，能够有效地逆转老鼠的衰老过程。因此，本文是为了介绍在基因研究上的重大突破。故选C项。
四川省乐山市2021-2022学年高二下学期期末考试英语试题（解析版）
【答案】1. D 2. D 3. C
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇说明文，介绍保持身心健康的四个新发现。
【1题详解】
细节理解题。根据第二段的第一句“According to a University of Illinois study, women are likely to turn to a caring female friend to talk about a problem, which successfully lowers their stress.”(根据伊利诺伊大学的研究，女性往往会向女性知心朋友求助，探讨问题，这么做能够减缓她们的压力。)可知，向朋友求助有利于减缓压力，也就是缓解焦虑的情绪。故选D项。
【2题详解】
细节理解题。根据第四段的第二句“Exercising accelerates (加快) the formation of new bone cell tissue and removal of old.”(运动加快形成新的骨组织和清除旧的骨组织。)可知，运动主要是通过加快细胞的更新来促进骨骼生长的。故选D项。
【3题详解】
主旨大意题。结合全文，以及四个小标题“Hit the Sauna (桑拿) Instead of the Gym”(去桑拿馆而非健身房)、“Lower Stress with the Help of a Friend”(在朋友的帮助下减压)、“Tai Chi reduces belly fat”(太极减少腹部脂肪)和“Exercise builds bones and protects against cancer”(运动促进骨骼生长和预防癌症)可知，本文分别讲了保持健康的四个新发现，这四个发现分别来自考文垂大学的研究、伊利诺伊大学的研究、香港的一项研究以及英国的一项研究。故选C项。
【答案】4. D 5. C 6. C 7. C
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇说明文，文章主要讲述消失22年的达尔文笔记本被归还给剑桥大学。
【4题详解】
细节理解题。根据第一段中“Both notebooks were returned to the library in their original file boxes, and included a printed message which read, ‘Librarian — Happy Easter... X’.(这两本笔记本都被放回了原来的文件箱，里面印着一条信息，上面写着：‘馆长，复活节快乐……X’)”可知，文章没有提及归还者的姓名，所以不知道是谁盗走了笔记本。故选D项。
【5题详解】
推理判断题。根据第一段中“The notebooks included the scientist’s famous Tree of Life sketch(草图) and were believed to have been taken in November 2000.(这些笔记本包括这位科学家著名的《生命进化树》草图，据说是在2000年11月盗走的)”可知，被盗的笔记本是非常宝贵的文件。故选C项。
【6题详解】
推理判断题。根据第二段中“Speaking to the BBC, Cambridge University’s librarian Dr Jessica Gardner said she felt ‘joyous’ at their return.(剑桥大学图书管理员essica Gardner博士在接受BBC采访时表示，她对它们的回归感到‘高兴’)”及第三段中“Dr Gardner was also worried that the notebooks might have taken a lifetime or longer to come back.(Gardner博士还担心，这些笔记本可能要花上一辈子甚至更长的时间才能找回来)”可知，Gardner博士对于笔记本的回归感到高兴又意外。故选C项。
【7题详解】
主旨大意题。根据文章内容，结合第一段中“Two ‘stolen’ notebooks written by Charles Darwin were returned to Cambridge University, nearly 22 years after they went missing.(查尔斯·达尔文两本‘被盗’笔记本在失踪近22年后被归还剑桥大学)”可知，本文主要讲述消失22年的达尔文笔记本被归还给剑桥大学。故选C项。
【答案】8. A 9. A 10. B 11. D
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇记叙文，讲述的是作者在第一次尝到体育比赛胜利的滋味后爱上了运动，运动成为其生活的一部分，丰富了自己的生活。
【8题详解】
推理判断题。根据第二段的第一句“Small for my age, and more of a bookworm than a sports enthusiast, I had suffered that special shame of being picked last for various gym teams.”（因为我年纪小，而且我更多是一个书虫，而非运动爱好者，所以我遭受了特别的侮辱，即我是各类体育队挑剩的。）可知，作者在各种体育队中最后被选中，说明她似乎在体育方面没有什么天赋。故选A项。
【9题详解】
词句猜测题。A. Owe it to归功于；B. Pass it on to传递给；C. Hand it over to交给；D. Show it off to（向……炫耀）。划线短语的前文“In the Softball Throw (女子棒球) event, I got my first taste of sporting victory.”（女子棒球比赛中，我第一次尝到了体育比赛胜利的滋味。）提到作者取得了棒球比赛的胜利；后文“He bought us all baseball gloves and hats, and in the warm months, we spent hours playing catch.”（他给我们所有人买了棒球手套和棒球帽，在温暖的日子里，我们一起玩接球游戏。）讲的是作者父亲曾给作者及家里人买了棒球装备并一起玩棒球，由此推测，作者棒球比赛取得胜利主要归功于父亲带着作者他们玩棒球，所以“put it down to”的意思与“owe it to”的意思最为接近。故选A项。
【10题详解】
推理判断题。根据第五段的最后一句“So, though it shocked some of our friends, the early foundation evolved in adulthood into a sports and fitness focus, which was considered essential even on vacation.”（所以，尽管这让一些朋友感到震惊，但是我早期打下的体育基础逐渐发展为注重体育健身，即使度假时仍然十分重要。）可知，即使在度假期间，体育健身也十分重要，说明体育逐渐成为了她生活中的一部分。故选B项。
【11题详解】
推理判断题。根据第五段的最后一句“So, though it shocked some of our friends, the early foundation evolved in adulthood into a sports and fitness focus, which was considered essential even on vacation. I still love reading and the arts, too. As far as I’m considered, life is the richest with my feet in both worlds.”（所以，尽管这让一些朋友感到震惊，但是我早期打下的体育基础逐渐发展为注重体育健身，即使度假时仍然十分重要。）和第六段“I still love reading and the arts, too. As far as I’m considered, life is the richest with my feet in both worlds.”（我仍旧喜欢阅读和艺术。我觉得能够同时涉足这两个领域能够让我的生活过得最为多姿多彩。）可知，作者觉得同时涉足阅读和艺术与运动两大领域是能够让生活过得丰富多彩的，说明作者会认为，运动和书籍一样，能够丰富自己的生活。故选D项。
【答案】12. A 13. B 14. D 15. D
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇说明文，文章主要讲述研究表明，厨房用品海绵是细菌的完美宿主。
【12题详解】
词义猜测题。划线词所在句中的while表示对比，结合划线词前“Some bacteria prefer living with a collection of microbial species(有些细菌喜欢与一群微生物物种生活在一起)”可