北师大版（2019） 必修第二册 Unit 5 Humans and Nature Topic Talk-Lesson1 词汇课件(38张ppt)

(共38张PPT)
Unit 5 Humans and nature
Topic-talk ---Lesson 1
词汇课件
Topic talk词汇
different kinds of disaster灾难
flood 洪水，水灾
drought n.旱灾，干旱
dry adj.干旱的，雨少的
v.使……变干
My mom dried the cloth for me
hurricane飓风 landslide滑坡；塌方
volcanic火山的
volcano火山
volcanic eruption火山爆发
comment n.评论，意见
v.发表评论
The minister refused to comment on individual cases.
crowded adj.拥挤的
crowd n. 人群
a crowd of
crowd in 挤入，涌入
landscape风景，景色
形势，情形
The boy began a landscape painting.
living adj.活的，活着的
n.生活 living room 客厅
辨析 living alive lively live
词性 adj./n. adj. adj. adj.
词义 活着的(adj.) ; 生活(n.) 活着的，有生命的 获批的，思想活泼的 1.活的，有生命的
2.现场直播的
位置 名词前 前置定语、表语 名词后 后置定语，表语 名词前 前置定语 名词前
定语
修饰对象 修饰人或物 修饰人 修饰人或物 只修饰物
例子 English is a living language . No man alive is greater than he. Jenny is a lively girl . a live wire 有电的电线
a live fish 一条活鱼。
weed n.
insect =in +sect(一节，部分)
whale
kangaroo
dolphin
eagle
shark
deer 单复同形
climate change 气候变化
greenhouse effect 温室效应
soil erosion水土流失
ecology 生态；生态学--ecological生态的
eco-生态的；
eco+logy生态学--ecological生态的
ecosystem
eco-friendly
eco-经济的
economy = eco + nomy → n. 经济
economic = eco + nom + ic → adj. 经济的
The overuse of forest causes ecological damage in the jungle.
翻译：树木的过度利用造成丛林生态破坏
jungle ecology
shock vt.使震惊
n.震惊；触电；休克
shocked adj.震惊的
culture shock文化冲击
She was taken to hospital suffering from shock.
She was in a state of shock.
We were all shocked at the news of his death.
The world was, and remains, shocked.
他的以生命为题的讲座使我震惊
His lecture titled Life made me shocked
His lecture titled Life shocked me.
turn one’s back on sb置之不理
She turned her back on me when I lost my job, so we are not friends anymore.
million 百万
millions of /thousands of 成百上千
millionaire n.富翁
Slumdog Millionaire
lesson 1词汇
whirlpool 漩涡
tidal adj.潮汐的，潮水的
tide n.潮汐；潮流，趋势；
wave n.海浪；波纹；
v.招手,打招呼 wave to sb
escape 逃离，逃避
He escaped from the jail.
survive v.活下来；幸存
survive v.-survival n.
arrive v.-arrival n.
approve v.- approval n.
float v. 浮，漂
descent n.下降
下降
decline/descent/decrease/go down/drop off
上涨
increase/rise/grow/go up
poetry n.诗歌
poem n.诗人
poet n.诗
have / gain an edge on / over 比……占优势；胜过：
I can’t beat you at tennis, but I have / gain an edge on you in ping-pong.
on the edge of 在……边缘；……快要发生（尤指不好的事）：
People seemed to be living on the edge of their nerves.
on the edge of one’s seat 极为激动；异常兴奋：
The game had the crowd on the edge of their seats.
■ vi & vt（使）徐徐移动；给……加边
1.edge n.边缘
边缘
edge
（基本义）
物体的“边缘”
优势
优于其他事物的“边缘”
刀等的“边缘”
边；边缘
刀口；刃；利刃
edge 语义网络图
3.observe
《福尔摩斯探案集》(Adventure of Sherlock Holmes) 是英国作家阿瑟·柯南·道尔 (Arthur Conan Doyle)的著名作品。
柯南道尔小说的故事结构、推理手法和奇巧的构思都给该类题材的小说树立了范本，他是当之无愧的文学大师，他将侦探小说推向了一个崭新的时代。
《福尔摩斯探案全集》可谓是开辟了侦探小说历史“黄金时代”的不朽经典，风靡全世界，是历史上最受读者推崇的侦探小说。
《福尔摩斯探案集》中福尔摩斯的名言：
You see, but you do not observe. 你看到，但没有观察。
observe词源解读
observe由ob- “向前（toward）” 和词根 servare“保护（protect）”构成。词源义是“保持（to hold to）”，这也是它的基本义。
vt & vi [正式用语] 观察；观测：
observe the behaviour of birds
Observe carefully if any change occurs when doing experiments
in the lab.
vt [正式用语] 察觉到；注意到:
In homes with cats and dogs living peacefully, researchers observed a surprising behaviour.
① observe … doing / do sth
The police officer observed him driving at 100 miles per hour.
② observe + that 从句:
It was observed that successful people spent a lot more time reading than they did watching TV.
强调保持看的过程；比watch正式
强调保持看的结果；比realise正式
感官动词 + 名词 + do /doing
vt [正式用语] 说；评论：
He observed that it would probably rain.
vt 遵守 / 奉行(法律、习俗等)：
observe the law /the local customs
vt [正式用语] 举行（仪式）；庆祝（节日）：
Do you observe Christmas in your country
释义 是低义频释义，但在近年高考阅读和写作中出现过，需注意。
拓展
observation n [U] & [C] 观察
observatory n [C] 天文台；观象台；气象台
observer n [C] 观察者；观察员
《观察家报》（The Observer）1791年创刊，是英国报纸，同时也是世界上创刊最早的星期日报纸。
我有一个梦想，梦想这国家要高举并履行其信条的真正涵义；我们信守这些不言自明的真理：人人生而平等。
——马丁·路德·金
2.equal
马丁·路德·金（Martin Luther King, Jr, 1929 —1968），美国牧师、社会活动家、黑人民权运动领袖。《我有一个梦想》（I have a dream）是马丁·路德·金于1963年8月28日在华盛顿林肯纪念堂发表的著名演讲，内容主要关于黑人民族平等，对美国甚至世界影响很大。
相同的；同样的；相等的：
equal in size / length / height = of equal size / length / height
They believe that all work is of equal value.
平等的：
All human beings are born equal.
equal adj
equal adj.-equally adv.--equality n.
equal adj. ----unequal adj.
与……相等 / 平等：
The rent was equal to half his monthly income.
与……同样出色；比得上：
The architecture here is equal to any in the world.
能胜任 (be up to)：
He is equal to anything.
该词块在高考阅读理解中多次出现
be equal to
vi & vt 等于；比得上：
Three times nine equals twenty-seven.
No one equals him in strength.
n [C] 同等的人 / 物：
Let x be the equal of y.
When it comes to the art of war, ants have no equal. 2015 安徽
词汇拓展
equality n [U] 相等；平等：
equality between the sexes
racial equality
equally adv 相等地；同样地；平等地：
People are born equal and should be treated equally.
补充：名词动词化
写出下列句子中画线词的汉语释义。
1. Lots of people flooded into our town as their homes were washed away by floods. _
2. It snowed heavily last night, and the ground was covered with thick snow.
3. Seeing her leaving in the heavy rain, I felt tears rain down my cheeks.
4. The morning was quite bright with no clouds in the sky, but it clouded over in the afternoon.
5. The river usually ices over in December. But it’s dangerous to skate on it.
（洪水般地）涌进
下雪
雨点般落下
布满云 / 阴云密布
英语中有很多名词可转化为动词，常表示具有该名词的活动特点或性质特征的动作。例如，表示自然现象的名词常可转化为动词。
结冰
复合名词
说出如下复合名词的汉语释义。
wild + life → wildlife n _______________
land + slide → landslide n _______________
short + cut → shortcut n _______________
green + house → greenhouse n _______________
life + style → lifestyle n _______________
lap + top → laptop n _______________
hair + style → hairstyle n _______________
guide + line → guideline n _______________
野生生物
崩塌 / 滑坡
捷径 / 近路
温室 / 暖房
生活方式
笔记本电脑 / 便携式电脑
发型 / 发式
指导方针 / 指导原则
合成词由两个或两个以上的单词组成，其释义可以由两个词的释义直接推断出来。合成词中合成名词数量最多，在谈论新发明或当今社会的方方面面时尤为常用。
抽象名词
由形容词派生而来的抽象名词叫作品质抽象名词；由动词派生而来的抽象名词叫作行为抽象名词。
写出下列单词的名词形式。
adj honest sincere brave original able important
n
v prepare explore observe disappear attempt protect
n
sincerity
bravery
originality
ability
importance
preparation
exploration
observation
disappearance
attempt
protection
honesty
一、写出下列句子中shock的汉语释义。
1. It was such a shock when they announced the winner was Cart.
2. The shock wave was felt even in my plane, several miles away from the harbor（港口）.
二、在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
1. They will get ____________ shock when they get this bill.
2. The parents were ____________ (shock) by the news that their son needed an operation on his knee.（2013 重庆）
3. The ____________ (shock) news made me realize what terrible problems we would face.（2011 北京）
a
shocked
shocking
震惊
shock
冲击波
escape
一、写出下列句子中画线部分的汉语释义。
1. The air keeping the balloon up was escaping so quickly and the balloon was coming down.
2. As a child he would often escape into a dream world of his own.
3. Escape from this window and return to the main menu.
4. Can you smell an escape of gas
泄露
逃避
退出
泄露
二、在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
1. Time is something ________ which we can’t escape.
2. Compared with the ________ (escape) river, I am proud of what I did.（2014 湖北）
3. He was lucky to escape ________ (be) liked.
三、根据所给汉语，用适当的词块完成下列句子。
1. Although he thought he could ___________________（逃过注意）by sitting at the back, he was wrong.（2012 广东）
2. It was reported that two journalists ________________________
（死里逃生）in the air attack.
from
escaped
being
escape attention
narrowly escaped death / had a narrow escape
一、写出下列句子中survive的汉语释义。
1. Of the six people injured in the crash, only two survived.
2. Only one copy of the book still survives.
3. Life is hard at the moment, but we’re surviving.
4. He is survived by his wife and four children.
幸存
保存下来
挺过来 /熬过来 /艰难度过
survive
比……活得长
二、用survive的适当形式完成下列句子。
1. For a sudden heart failure（心脏衰竭）, the single best chance for ________________ is having someone nearby step in and do CPR（心肺复苏）quickly.（2017 北京）
2. Officials said he was the only ________________ of the plane crash.
3. He was the only man who ________________ after the explosion（爆炸）.
三、根据所给汉语，用适当的词块完成下列句子。
1. The front passengers were lucky to ____________________ （在车祸中幸免于难）.
2. Having __________________（熬过那一夜）, we were confident that everything else would be all right.（2014 湖北）
survival / surviving
survivor
survived
survive the car accident
survived that night
edge
写出下列句子中画线部分的汉语释义。
1. Don’t put that glass so near the edge of the table. _____________
2. He handed me a knife with a sharp edge. _____________
3. Companies are employing more research teams to get an edge.
_____________
4. He edged closer to the telephone, ready to grab it. _____________
5. The game had the crowd on the edge of their seats. _____________
边缘
刀刃
优势
徐徐移动
兴奋不已
equal
一、写出下列句子中画线部分的汉语释义。
1. All men were equal at birth.（2010 江西） ___________
2. Little joy can equal that of a surprising ending when you read stories. ___________
3. Armstrong learned from the older musicians and soon became respected as their equal. _________________________
4. Fitness is important in sport, but of at least equal importance are skills. _______________
生而平等
比得上
成为和他们一样受尊敬的人
至少同等重要的
二、根据所给汉语，用适当的词块完成下列句子。
1. Sixty minutes ___________________（等于）an hour.
2. All the beach houses are _________________（大小一样）.
3. You can only exchange（交换）it for something else _______________（同等价值的）.（2010 上海）
4. Armstrong _______________（没人比得上）when it came to playing the American popular song.
5. Men and women must _________________（被平等地对待）in education and employment.（2014 陕西）
of equal value
equal in size
had no equal
is equal to
be treated equally