人教版（2019） 选择性必修第二册 Unit 1 Science and Scientists 单词详解课(49张ppt)
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(共49张PPT)
人教版选择性必修第二册
Unit1
Science and Scientists
单词详解课件
1、severe adj.极为恶劣的，十分严重的，严厉的
severely adv. 很严重地，极为恶劣地
2、frustrated adj. 懊恼的，沮丧的，失意的
frustrate vt. 挫败，阻挠，使感到灰心
frustrating adj. 令人沮丧的
frustration Un.懊恼，沮丧 Cn. 令人懊恼的事物
3、contradictory adj. 相互矛盾的，对立的，不一致的
contradict v. 反驳，与…相矛盾
contradiction n. 抵触，矛盾，矛盾的说法
4、infection n. 感染，传染infect vt. 使感染，传染
infected adj.[身体部位或伤口]受感染的,[食品/水]受污染的
infectious adj. 传染性的, 感染的，有感染力的
5、subscribe vi. 认购[股份]；定期订购；定期交纳[会费]
subscriber n.订阅者
subscription n. 订阅[费]
6、multiple adj.数量多的，多种多样的
multiply vi./vt. 乘，增加，繁殖
7、suspect v. 怀疑；疑有；不信任
n. 犯罪嫌疑人；可以对象
suspicion n. 怀疑
suspicious adj. 感觉可疑的
8、intervention n. 介入；出面；干涉
intervene vi. 干预；干扰
9、pure adj. 干净的，纯的，纯粹的
purely adv. 仅仅，完全
purify vt. 使纯净
10、transform vt. 使改观,使改变形态 vi. 改变,改观
transformation n.[彻底的]改变，改观
11、advance v. 前进，促进，提前 n.前进，进步
advanced adj. 高级的，先进的
12、initial adj. 最初的，开始的，第一的
initially adv. 开始，最初，起初
13、defend vt.保卫，防守，辩解
defence n. 防御，保护，保卫，防御物
defensive adj. 防御的，保护的，保卫的
14、assistant n. 助理，助手
assist v. 帮助，援助，协助
assistance n. 帮助，援助
15、gifted adj. 有天赋的，有天才的，天资聪慧的
gift n. 天赋，天才，才能
16、abstract adj. 抽象的，理性的 n. 摘要
abstractly adv. 抽象地
17、steady adj. 稳定的，平稳的，稳步的
steadily adv. 稳定地，平稳地
18、brilliant adj. 聪颖的，绝妙的，明亮的
brilliantly adv. 灿烂地，出色地
19、fault n.弱点，过错
faulty adj. 有错误的，优缺陷的
faultless adj. 完美的，无缺点的
20、vivid adj.生动的，鲜明 的，丰富的
vividly adv. 生动地，清楚地
21、honor vt. 尊敬,尊重[某人],给予表扬[或奖励]
n. 尊敬,尊重,光荣,荣幸,引起尊敬的人或物
honorable adj. 光荣的,可敬的,品德高尚的
二、重点短语
1.最终地；彻底地
2.同意；赞同
3.幸亏；由于
4.(战争、打斗等)突然开始；爆发
5.主管；掌管
6.患(病)；染上(小病)
7.最重要的是；尤其是
8.负有责任
9.对……有影响
10.在某人的领导下
once and for all
subscribe to
thanks to
break out
in charge of
come down
above all
be to blame
have an impact on
under one's leadership
四、单元词汇发散——上串下联
1.常见的反义形容词
abstract 抽象的—concrete 具体的 positive 积极的—negative 消极的
optimistic 乐观的—pessimistic 悲观的
2.以 ship为后缀的高频名词
①scholarship奖学金；学问 ②friendship 友谊
③leadership 领导地位 ④relationship 关系
⑤hardship 苦难 ⑥championship 冠军称号
3. 同根词汇
有无定冠词意义不同的短语荟萃
①in charge of 主管；看管；负责 in the charge of 被掌管
②in control of 控制；管理 in the control of 被……控制
③in possession of 占有；拥有 in the possession of 被占有
1.defend vt.保卫；防守；辩解
[记牢]
defend...from/against ... 保护……免受……
defend oneself 为自己辩护；自卫
defence n. 防御；保卫
in defence (of) 保护；为了保卫；(为……)辩护
in one's defence 为某人辩护
[练透] 单句语法填空
①He planned to learn kung fu in the summer holidays so that he can defend himself against ___________________ (attack).
②Cooper wrote to the journal immediately, __________ (defend) himself.[写美] 一句多译
③看到那条凶猛的蛇，他像箭一样冲过去保护他的儿子。→Seeing the fierce snake, he rushed __________ his son like an arrow.(defend)→Seeing the fierce snake, he rushed __________ his son like an arrow.(defence)
being attacked
defending
to defend
in defence of
2.in charge of主管；掌管
[记牢]
(1)in the charge of... 由……来负责；被……掌管
take charge of... 负责；看管(表动作)
free of charge... 免费
(2)charge (sb) for sth (向某人)要价……
charge sb with (doing) sth 指控某人(做)某事
[练透] 语境辨义/熟词生义
①The outstanding scientist is in charge of handling the matter. __________
②I will charge you one hundred yuan for repairing your cellphone. __________
主管
收费
③The police charged the thief with stealing raw materials in the company. __________
④作为学生会主席，我被委派负责你在天津逗留期间的所有活动。
As chairman of the Student Association, I was appointed to_______________________ ______________________________________ during your stay in Tianjin.
be in charge of/take charge of
arranging all the activities
控告
3.above all最重要的是；尤其是
[记牢]
all in all 总的说来；总而言之
in all 全部；合计
first of all 首先
at all (否定句)一点也不；(疑问句)到底；究竟
[练透] 用all的相关短语填空
If you want to achieve success, __________, you must be strict with yourself.
I was very upset to find out that he didn't like my gift __________.
[写美] 微写作(应用文之申请信)
最重要的是，我精通英语，所以我与他人沟通没有困难。
__________, I have a good command of English, so I _____________________
above all
Above all
have no difficulty in communicating with others.
at all
4.decrease n.减少；减少量 vt.& vi.(使大小、数量等)减少；减小；降低
[记牢]
(1)decrease by 减少了
decrease (from ...) to (从……)减少到
decrease in 在某方面降低
(2)on the decrease 在下降；在减少
a decrease in sth 某方面的减少/下降
[练透] 单句语法填空
① __________ (decrease) the amount of rubbish and to protect the environment, more governments are requiring people to recycle materials.
②Over the past decades, sea ice has been __________ the decrease in the Arctic as a result of global warming.
[写美] 一句多译
③由于人类活动，一些稀有动物的数目在减少。
→Because of human activities, the number of some rare animals _________________________.(decrease n.)
→Because of human activities, the number of some rare animals ____________________.(decrease v.)
To decrease
on
is on the decrease
is decreasing
5.blame vt.把……归咎于；责怪；指责 n.责备；指责
[记牢]
blame sb for (doing) sth 为某事责备某人/责备某人做了某事
blame sth on sb 把某事归咎于某人
be to blame (for) 应(为……)承担责任；该(为……)受责备
lay/put the blame on 把……归咎于……
It was the professor rather than his assistant that was __________ (blame) for what had happened in the lab.
The boss didn't blame his assistant __________ the mistake, which was beyond expectations.
The boss didn't blame the mistake __________ his assistant, which was beyond expectations.
to blame
for
on
根据语境选出subscribe to的含义。
A.同意；赞同 B.把……捐赠给……C.订购
He subscribes to the view that children can benefit from being independent. __________
Amy thought it was worthwhile to read English newspapers every day so she subscribed to the 21st Century. __________
Many people subscribed money to the education fund. __________
A
c
B
语言运用——强化高频考点
1. (2021·全国甲卷)It's the seaside birds that deserve at least part of the blame __________ getting Nick Burchill blacklisted at the Fairmont Empress Hotel in Victoria，Canada.
2. (2021·天津卷)After letting go of his anger and __________ (frustrate), he found himself on a road to sympathy instead.
3. (2020·全国Ⅰ卷)After that I __________ (pour) oil into a pan and turned on the stove, I waited patiently until the oil was hot.
for
frustration
poured
一．单词拼写1. They are determined to (改变)the mountain in five years.2. The country is suffering from （严重的）economic problems.3.(2019 天津高考） When a predator lives on various species, they are weakly（联系） . 4. These results are a further （证明〉of his outstanding ability.5. I often had crazy dreams in which I was to (责备）for Miller's accident.6. He is good at （操纵）the huge calculating machine.
transform
severe
linked
proof
blame
handling
7. Quick and （完全的）research will allow everyone to make right decisions.8. It requires a lot of deep (思考）and I really learn quite a lot from it.9. You can give your listeners some ideas or （数据）they can remember.10. I know that I get around 90g of (蛋白质）from that.11. The （病毒）has infected the operating system of his computer.12. My father used to smoke heavily and once had a serious （肺） disease.13. It is believed that fairy tales have a great (影响）on children.14. Inside every (细胞）in all organisms, there are strands of DNA.
complete
thinking
data
protein
virus
lung
influence
cell
二．单句语法填空
1. (suspect) the traveler of carrying illegal substance, the Customs official stopped him and went through his suitcase.
2. Some social app companies were (blame) because they didn't adequately check their users' registration.
3. The number of cyclists running traffic lights is the decrease.
4. He failed in the exam again, which made him (frustrate).
5. Which virus caused the (infect) is still unknown.
6. I helped him (pure) out of friendship.
Suspecting
to blame
on
frustrated
infection
purely
7. This can cause fires to break which can do as much damage as the earthquake itself.
8. On the contrary, he didn't defend himself my statement.
9. My job was looking after aged patients and acting as an (assist).
10. It is said that he is a man of many gifts, especially he is (gift )at drawing.
11. If you were to come from the jump incorrectly, you could break a foot, or even a leg.
out
assistant
gifted
down
against
三．选词填空
find fault with, in charge of, break out, come down,
above all
1. My uncle who is highly thought of is the department.
2. , I have come to understand that bringing happiness to others is getting ourselves happiness.
3. He with flu and is unable to go to work.
4. He always others, so everyone doesn't like him.
5. It is reported that a war between the two countries.
finds fault with
comes down
Above all
in charge of
broke out
1、severe adj. 极为恶劣的；十分严重的；严厉的
severe injuries 严重的伤势
severely adv. 很严重地；极为恶劣地
2、frustrated adj. 懊恼的；沮丧的；失意的
be frustrated at/with 因/对…灰心丧气
get frustrated 受到挫折
feel frustrated 感到沮丧
frustrate vt. 挫败；阻挠；使感到灰心
frustrate one’s plan 破坏某人的计划
frustrating adj. 令人沮丧的
frustration Un.懊恼，沮丧 Cn. 令人懊恼的事物
in frustration 懊恼地/沮丧地
3、contradictory adj. 相互矛盾的;对立的;不一致的
self-contradictory 自相矛盾的
contradict vt.反驳；与…相矛盾
Don’t contradict！别顶嘴！
contradiction n. 抵触；矛盾；矛盾的说法
in direct contradiction to 与…恰恰相反
I think I can say, without fear of contradiction, that…
我认为就算有人反驳，我也敢说…
4、infection n. 感染；传染
have/get/develop an infection 受到感染
infect vt.使感染；传染
infect sb. with… 把…传染给…
infectious adj. 传染性的，感染的，有感染力的
infected adj.带菌的; 感染病菌的; be infected with 感染上…
5、subscribe vi. 认购[股份]；定期订购；
定期交纳[会费]
subscribe to 同意，赞同
subscriber n. 订阅者
a subscriber to… 一个…的订阅者
subscription n. 订阅[费]
cancel/renew a subscription 退订/续订
6、proof n. 证据；证明；检验
proof of… …的证据/证明
have some proof that… 有一些证据…
provide/give proof 提供证据
without absolute proof 没有确凿的证据
there is proof that… 有证据表明…
7、multiple adj. 数量多的；多种多样的
a multiple crash 连环撞车
multiple-choice questions 多选题
multiply v. 乘；增加；繁殖
multiplication n. 乘法
8、household n.一家人;家庭;同住一所房子的人；
poor/wealthy households 贫穷/富裕家庭
high-income households 高收入家庭
low-income households 低收入家庭
the head of the household 户主
household goods/products 家庭用品
9、suspect v. 怀疑；疑有；不信任
n. 犯罪嫌疑人；可以对象
suspect sb. of [doing] sth. 怀疑某人[做]某事
suspicion n. 怀疑
suspicious adj. 感觉可疑的
常用“V+sb.+of sth.”的短语：
warn sb. of sth. 警告某人某事
accuse sb. of sth. 控告某人某事
cure sb. of sth. 治愈某人某疾病
inform sb. of sth. 告知某人某事
convince sb. of sth. 使某人相信某事
remind sb. of sth. 使某人会想起某事
10、blame vt. 把…归咎于；责怪；指责
n. 责备；指责
blame sb. for[doing] sth. 因[做]某事而责备某人
blame sth. on sb. 把某事归咎于某人
be to blame 应承担责任；该受责备[主动表被动]
be to blame for 应承担…的责任；因…该受责备
accept/bear/take the blame for sth.
对某事负责; 承担责任
put/lay the blame for sth. on sb.
把某事的责任推到某人身上
11、intervention n. 介入；出面；干涉
intervene vi. 干预；干扰
intervene in 干涉；调停
12、link n. 联系，纽带
vt. 把…连接起来；相关联
link A to/with B = link A and B [together]
把A和B连接/联系起来
be linked with/to 与…有联系/有关
link up [with] [与…] 结合，连接
there is a link between A and B
A和B直接有联系
13、raw adj. 未熟的，生的，未经处理的，原始的
raw beginner/hand 新手
raw materials 原料
raw meat/fish生肉/鱼
be raw to… 对…不熟练
catch sb. on the raw 揭人伤疤; 说人痛处
14、pure adj. 干净的，纯的，纯粹的
pure drinking water 纯净水
pure and simple [用于名词后表强调]纯粹,全然
eg. It’s laziness, pure and simple. 这全然是懒惰
purely adv. 仅仅，完全
purify vt. 使纯净
15、decrease n. 减少,降低,减少量 v.减少,减小,降低
on the decrease 在减少
decrease by… 减少的幅度
decrease to… 减少后所达到的数量
decrease in 在某方面减少
increase n. 增加，增长 v.增加，增长
16、transform vt. 使改观,使改变形态 vi. 改变,改观
transform… [from…] into… sth. 把…[从…]变为…
transform …with… 用…来改变…
transformation n.[彻底的]改变，改观
17、build up 逐步增强，建立，开发
build up one’s confidence in…
增强某人对…的信心
build up one’s vocabulary扩大某人的词汇量
build up one’s trust 建立某人的信任
build up a business 创办企业
build up one’s health/body 增强某人的体质
18、deal with 对付，应付，处理，涉及，
论及，探讨，和…做生意
deal with stress 应对压力
deal with a problem 处理问题
注意：deal with和do with都可以表示“对付,应
付,处理”，但deal with常与how连用,而
do with常与what连用。
eg. How do you deal with the problem
= What do you do with the problem
19、thinking n. 思想，思维，见解
creative thinking 创造性思维
independent thinking 独立思考
do some thinking 思考
to my[way of] thinking 据我的观点, 依我看
without thinking 不假思索
20、make advances[in] [在…方面]进步，进展
=make an advance [in]
advance v. 前进，促进，提前 n.前进，进步
advance on/upon/towards… 向…推进/挺进
in advance = ahead of time 预先/提前【状语】
advanced adj. 高级的，先进的
21、initial adj. 最初的，开始的，第一的
my initial reaction 我最初的反应
initially adv. 开始，最初，起初
22、cast vt. 投射，向…投以[视线/笑容]，投掷
be cast down [by sth.] [因某事]沮丧,不愉快
cast/throw a shadow over/on
投下一片阴影，给…蒙上阴影
cast aside 抛弃，丢弃，废除
cast away 扔掉，抛弃
cast off 解缆，丢弃，抛弃
23、shadow n.阴影，影子，背光处
cast a shadow 投影
in the shadows 在阴暗处
in the shadow of … 在…阴影之下
eg. sit in the shadow of a tree坐在树荫下
eye shadow 眼影，眼睑膏
24、pour vt.倒出，倾泻，斟[饮料]
pour…our 倒/斟…，毫无保留地表达感情
pour down [雨]倾盆而下
pour with rain 下滂沱大雨
pour cold water over/on sth. 对某事泼凉水
25、have an impact on 对…有影响
have no impact on… 对…没有影响
make an impact on… 对…产生影响
have an effect/influence on 对…有影响
have no effect/influence/impact on 对…没影响
make a/no difference [to…] [对…]有/没有影响
26、break out [战斗/打斗等不愉快的事情]突然开始,爆发
break in 强行进入，插话，打断
break into 强行闯入，突然开始[笑、唱]
break down 分解, 出故障, [计划等]失败, 垮掉
break through 突围，突破
break up 分解，[关系]破裂
break off 折断，断开，中断
27、defend vt.保卫，防守，辩解
defend …against/from… 保卫…免受…
defend oneself 为自己辩护/辩解
defend one’s argument 为某人的论点辩护
defence n. 防御，保护，保卫，防御物
in defence of 为保卫…， 为…辩护
in one’s defence 为某人辩护
a defence against 对…的防御物
defensive adj. 防御的，保护的，保卫的
28、in charge of 主管，掌管
take charge of 负责，主管
charge sb. for sth. 为某物向某人收费
charge sb. with sth. 指控某人某事
free of charge 免费
注意： be in charge of 某人主管某物[人做主语]
be in the charge of 某物由某人主管[物做主语]
29、assistant n. 助理，助手
assist v. 帮助，援助，协助
assist sb. with sth. 帮助某人做某事
assist sb. to do sth. 帮助某人做某事
assist sb. in doing sth. 帮助某人做某事
assistance n. 帮助，援助
come to one’s assistance 帮助某人
financial assistance 经济援助
30、come down 患病，染上小病
[温度/价格等]下降，坍塌
[雨/雪等]落下
come down to [风俗/习惯] 流传到…
31、gifted adj. 有天赋的，有天才的，天资聪慧的
be gifted in/at 在…方面有天赋/才华
be gifted with… 具有…天赋
gift n. 天赋，天才，才能
have a gift/talent for… 有…天赋
show a talent for 显示出…天赋
be talented in/at 在…方面有天赋
32、abstract adj. 抽象的，理性的 n. 摘要
abstract idea/concept 抽象思想/概念
in the abstract 抽象地, 理论上[=in theory]
abstractly adv. 抽象地
33、steady adj. 稳定的，平稳的，稳步的
steady income 固定的收入
steady jobs 稳定的工作
steadily adv. 稳定地，平稳地
be steady in one’s principle 坚持原则
34、brilliant adj. 聪颖的，绝妙的，明亮的
brilliant sunshine 明媚的阳光
brilliant performance 出色的 表演
brilliantly adv. 灿烂地，出色地
35、fault n.弱点，过错
be one’s fault 是某人的过错
be at fault 有过错，有责任
find fault with 找茬儿，挑错，挑剔
it’s one’s fault for[doing] sth.
[做]某事是某人的过失
it’s one’s fault that… …是某人的过错
faulty adj. 有错误的，优缺陷的
faultless adj. 完美的，无缺点的
注意：fault 表示“弱点，缺点”时是可数名词，
表示“责任，过错”时是不可数
36、vivid adj.生动的，鲜明 的，丰富的
vivid memories 清晰的记忆
a vivid description 生动的描述
vividly adv. 生动地，清楚地
describe … vividly 生动地描述…
remember… vividly 清楚地记得…
37、honor
vt. 尊敬,尊重[某人],给予表扬[或奖励]
honour sb. with… 以…向某人表示敬意 /以…表扬/奖励某人
feel/be honored that… 因…而感到荣幸
be/feel honored to do sth. 因做某事而感到荣幸
n. 尊敬，尊重，光荣，荣幸，引起尊敬的人[或事物]
in honor of sb.= in sb’s honor 为向某人表示敬意/为纪念某人
have the honor of[doing] sth. 得到某殊荣，有幸做某事
it is an honor [for sb.] to do sth. [对某人来说]做某事使种荣幸
honorable adj. 光荣的,可敬的,品德高尚的
人教版选择性必修第二册
Unit1
Science and Scientists
单词详解课件
1、severe adj.极为恶劣的，十分严重的，严厉的
severely adv. 很严重地，极为恶劣地
2、frustrated adj. 懊恼的，沮丧的，失意的
frustrate vt. 挫败，阻挠，使感到灰心
frustrating adj. 令人沮丧的
frustration Un.懊恼，沮丧 Cn. 令人懊恼的事物
3、contradictory adj. 相互矛盾的，对立的，不一致的
contradict v. 反驳，与…相矛盾
contradiction n. 抵触，矛盾，矛盾的说法
4、infection n. 感染，传染infect vt. 使感染，传染
infected adj.[身体部位或伤口]受感染的,[食品/水]受污染的
infectious adj. 传染性的, 感染的，有感染力的
5、subscribe vi. 认购[股份]；定期订购；定期交纳[会费]
subscriber n.订阅者
subscription n. 订阅[费]
6、multiple adj.数量多的，多种多样的
multiply vi./vt. 乘，增加，繁殖
7、suspect v. 怀疑；疑有；不信任
n. 犯罪嫌疑人；可以对象
suspicion n. 怀疑
suspicious adj. 感觉可疑的
8、intervention n. 介入；出面；干涉
intervene vi. 干预；干扰
9、pure adj. 干净的，纯的，纯粹的
purely adv. 仅仅，完全
purify vt. 使纯净
10、transform vt. 使改观,使改变形态 vi. 改变,改观
transformation n.[彻底的]改变，改观
11、advance v. 前进，促进，提前 n.前进，进步
advanced adj. 高级的，先进的
12、initial adj. 最初的，开始的，第一的
initially adv. 开始，最初，起初
13、defend vt.保卫，防守，辩解
defence n. 防御，保护，保卫，防御物
defensive adj. 防御的，保护的，保卫的
14、assistant n. 助理，助手
assist v. 帮助，援助，协助
assistance n. 帮助，援助
15、gifted adj. 有天赋的，有天才的，天资聪慧的
gift n. 天赋，天才，才能
16、abstract adj. 抽象的，理性的 n. 摘要
abstractly adv. 抽象地
17、steady adj. 稳定的，平稳的，稳步的
steadily adv. 稳定地，平稳地
18、brilliant adj. 聪颖的，绝妙的，明亮的
brilliantly adv. 灿烂地，出色地
19、fault n.弱点，过错
faulty adj. 有错误的，优缺陷的
faultless adj. 完美的，无缺点的
20、vivid adj.生动的，鲜明 的，丰富的
vividly adv. 生动地，清楚地
21、honor vt. 尊敬,尊重[某人],给予表扬[或奖励]
n. 尊敬,尊重,光荣,荣幸,引起尊敬的人或物
honorable adj. 光荣的,可敬的,品德高尚的
二、重点短语
1.最终地；彻底地
2.同意；赞同
3.幸亏；由于
4.(战争、打斗等)突然开始；爆发
5.主管；掌管
6.患(病)；染上(小病)
7.最重要的是；尤其是
8.负有责任
9.对……有影响
10.在某人的领导下
once and for all
subscribe to
thanks to
break out
in charge of
come down
above all
be to blame
have an impact on
under one's leadership
四、单元词汇发散——上串下联
1.常见的反义形容词
abstract 抽象的—concrete 具体的 positive 积极的—negative 消极的
optimistic 乐观的—pessimistic 悲观的
2.以 ship为后缀的高频名词
①scholarship奖学金；学问 ②friendship 友谊
③leadership 领导地位 ④relationship 关系
⑤hardship 苦难 ⑥championship 冠军称号
3. 同根词汇
有无定冠词意义不同的短语荟萃
①in charge of 主管；看管；负责 in the charge of 被掌管
②in control of 控制；管理 in the control of 被……控制
③in possession of 占有；拥有 in the possession of 被占有
1.defend vt.保卫；防守；辩解
[记牢]
defend...from/against ... 保护……免受……
defend oneself 为自己辩护；自卫
defence n. 防御；保卫
in defence (of) 保护；为了保卫；(为……)辩护
in one's defence 为某人辩护
[练透] 单句语法填空
①He planned to learn kung fu in the summer holidays so that he can defend himself against ___________________ (attack).
②Cooper wrote to the journal immediately, __________ (defend) himself.[写美] 一句多译
③看到那条凶猛的蛇，他像箭一样冲过去保护他的儿子。→Seeing the fierce snake, he rushed __________ his son like an arrow.(defend)→Seeing the fierce snake, he rushed __________ his son like an arrow.(defence)
being attacked
defending
to defend
in defence of
2.in charge of主管；掌管
[记牢]
(1)in the charge of... 由……来负责；被……掌管
take charge of... 负责；看管(表动作)
free of charge... 免费
(2)charge (sb) for sth (向某人)要价……
charge sb with (doing) sth 指控某人(做)某事
[练透] 语境辨义/熟词生义
①The outstanding scientist is in charge of handling the matter. __________
②I will charge you one hundred yuan for repairing your cellphone. __________
主管
收费
③The police charged the thief with stealing raw materials in the company. __________
④作为学生会主席，我被委派负责你在天津逗留期间的所有活动。
As chairman of the Student Association, I was appointed to_______________________ ______________________________________ during your stay in Tianjin.
be in charge of/take charge of
arranging all the activities
控告
3.above all最重要的是；尤其是
[记牢]
all in all 总的说来；总而言之
in all 全部；合计
first of all 首先
at all (否定句)一点也不；(疑问句)到底；究竟
[练透] 用all的相关短语填空
If you want to achieve success, __________, you must be strict with yourself.
I was very upset to find out that he didn't like my gift __________.
[写美] 微写作(应用文之申请信)
最重要的是，我精通英语，所以我与他人沟通没有困难。
__________, I have a good command of English, so I _____________________
above all
Above all
have no difficulty in communicating with others.
at all
4.decrease n.减少；减少量 vt.& vi.(使大小、数量等)减少；减小；降低
[记牢]
(1)decrease by 减少了
decrease (from ...) to (从……)减少到
decrease in 在某方面降低
(2)on the decrease 在下降；在减少
a decrease in sth 某方面的减少/下降
[练透] 单句语法填空
① __________ (decrease) the amount of rubbish and to protect the environment, more governments are requiring people to recycle materials.
②Over the past decades, sea ice has been __________ the decrease in the Arctic as a result of global warming.
[写美] 一句多译
③由于人类活动，一些稀有动物的数目在减少。
→Because of human activities, the number of some rare animals _________________________.(decrease n.)
→Because of human activities, the number of some rare animals ____________________.(decrease v.)
To decrease
on
is on the decrease
is decreasing
5.blame vt.把……归咎于；责怪；指责 n.责备；指责
[记牢]
blame sb for (doing) sth 为某事责备某人/责备某人做了某事
blame sth on sb 把某事归咎于某人
be to blame (for) 应(为……)承担责任；该(为……)受责备
lay/put the blame on 把……归咎于……
It was the professor rather than his assistant that was __________ (blame) for what had happened in the lab.
The boss didn't blame his assistant __________ the mistake, which was beyond expectations.
The boss didn't blame the mistake __________ his assistant, which was beyond expectations.
to blame
for
on
根据语境选出subscribe to的含义。
A.同意；赞同 B.把……捐赠给……C.订购
He subscribes to the view that children can benefit from being independent. __________
Amy thought it was worthwhile to read English newspapers every day so she subscribed to the 21st Century. __________
Many people subscribed money to the education fund. __________
A
c
B
语言运用——强化高频考点
1. (2021·全国甲卷)It's the seaside birds that deserve at least part of the blame __________ getting Nick Burchill blacklisted at the Fairmont Empress Hotel in Victoria，Canada.
2. (2021·天津卷)After letting go of his anger and __________ (frustrate), he found himself on a road to sympathy instead.
3. (2020·全国Ⅰ卷)After that I __________ (pour) oil into a pan and turned on the stove, I waited patiently until the oil was hot.
for
frustration
poured
一．单词拼写1. They are determined to (改变)the mountain in five years.2. The country is suffering from （严重的）economic problems.3.(2019 天津高考） When a predator lives on various species, they are weakly（联系） . 4. These results are a further （证明〉of his outstanding ability.5. I often had crazy dreams in which I was to (责备）for Miller's accident.6. He is good at （操纵）the huge calculating machine.
transform
severe
linked
proof
blame
handling
7. Quick and （完全的）research will allow everyone to make right decisions.8. It requires a lot of deep (思考）and I really learn quite a lot from it.9. You can give your listeners some ideas or （数据）they can remember.10. I know that I get around 90g of (蛋白质）from that.11. The （病毒）has infected the operating system of his computer.12. My father used to smoke heavily and once had a serious （肺） disease.13. It is believed that fairy tales have a great (影响）on children.14. Inside every (细胞）in all organisms, there are strands of DNA.
complete
thinking
data
protein
virus
lung
influence
cell
二．单句语法填空
1. (suspect) the traveler of carrying illegal substance, the Customs official stopped him and went through his suitcase.
2. Some social app companies were (blame) because they didn't adequately check their users' registration.
3. The number of cyclists running traffic lights is the decrease.
4. He failed in the exam again, which made him (frustrate).
5. Which virus caused the (infect) is still unknown.
6. I helped him (pure) out of friendship.
Suspecting
to blame
on
frustrated
infection
purely
7. This can cause fires to break which can do as much damage as the earthquake itself.
8. On the contrary, he didn't defend himself my statement.
9. My job was looking after aged patients and acting as an (assist).
10. It is said that he is a man of many gifts, especially he is (gift )at drawing.
11. If you were to come from the jump incorrectly, you could break a foot, or even a leg.
out
assistant
gifted
down
against
三．选词填空
find fault with, in charge of, break out, come down,
above all
1. My uncle who is highly thought of is the department.
2. , I have come to understand that bringing happiness to others is getting ourselves happiness.
3. He with flu and is unable to go to work.
4. He always others, so everyone doesn't like him.
5. It is reported that a war between the two countries.
finds fault with
comes down
Above all
in charge of
broke out
1、severe adj. 极为恶劣的；十分严重的；严厉的
severe injuries 严重的伤势
severely adv. 很严重地；极为恶劣地
2、frustrated adj. 懊恼的；沮丧的；失意的
be frustrated at/with 因/对…灰心丧气
get frustrated 受到挫折
feel frustrated 感到沮丧
frustrate vt. 挫败；阻挠；使感到灰心
frustrate one’s plan 破坏某人的计划
frustrating adj. 令人沮丧的
frustration Un.懊恼，沮丧 Cn. 令人懊恼的事物
in frustration 懊恼地/沮丧地
3、contradictory adj. 相互矛盾的;对立的;不一致的
self-contradictory 自相矛盾的
contradict vt.反驳；与…相矛盾
Don’t contradict！别顶嘴！
contradiction n. 抵触；矛盾；矛盾的说法
in direct contradiction to 与…恰恰相反
I think I can say, without fear of contradiction, that…
我认为就算有人反驳，我也敢说…
4、infection n. 感染；传染
have/get/develop an infection 受到感染
infect vt.使感染；传染
infect sb. with… 把…传染给…
infectious adj. 传染性的，感染的，有感染力的
infected adj.带菌的; 感染病菌的; be infected with 感染上…
5、subscribe vi. 认购[股份]；定期订购；
定期交纳[会费]
subscribe to 同意，赞同
subscriber n. 订阅者
a subscriber to… 一个…的订阅者
subscription n. 订阅[费]
cancel/renew a subscription 退订/续订
6、proof n. 证据；证明；检验
proof of… …的证据/证明
have some proof that… 有一些证据…
provide/give proof 提供证据
without absolute proof 没有确凿的证据
there is proof that… 有证据表明…
7、multiple adj. 数量多的；多种多样的
a multiple crash 连环撞车
multiple-choice questions 多选题
multiply v. 乘；增加；繁殖
multiplication n. 乘法
8、household n.一家人;家庭;同住一所房子的人；
poor/wealthy households 贫穷/富裕家庭
high-income households 高收入家庭
low-income households 低收入家庭
the head of the household 户主
household goods/products 家庭用品
9、suspect v. 怀疑；疑有；不信任
n. 犯罪嫌疑人；可以对象
suspect sb. of [doing] sth. 怀疑某人[做]某事
suspicion n. 怀疑
suspicious adj. 感觉可疑的
常用“V+sb.+of sth.”的短语：
warn sb. of sth. 警告某人某事
accuse sb. of sth. 控告某人某事
cure sb. of sth. 治愈某人某疾病
inform sb. of sth. 告知某人某事
convince sb. of sth. 使某人相信某事
remind sb. of sth. 使某人会想起某事
10、blame vt. 把…归咎于；责怪；指责
n. 责备；指责
blame sb. for[doing] sth. 因[做]某事而责备某人
blame sth. on sb. 把某事归咎于某人
be to blame 应承担责任；该受责备[主动表被动]
be to blame for 应承担…的责任；因…该受责备
accept/bear/take the blame for sth.
对某事负责; 承担责任
put/lay the blame for sth. on sb.
把某事的责任推到某人身上
11、intervention n. 介入；出面；干涉
intervene vi. 干预；干扰
intervene in 干涉；调停
12、link n. 联系，纽带
vt. 把…连接起来；相关联
link A to/with B = link A and B [together]
把A和B连接/联系起来
be linked with/to 与…有联系/有关
link up [with] [与…] 结合，连接
there is a link between A and B
A和B直接有联系
13、raw adj. 未熟的，生的，未经处理的，原始的
raw beginner/hand 新手
raw materials 原料
raw meat/fish生肉/鱼
be raw to… 对…不熟练
catch sb. on the raw 揭人伤疤; 说人痛处
14、pure adj. 干净的，纯的，纯粹的
pure drinking water 纯净水
pure and simple [用于名词后表强调]纯粹,全然
eg. It’s laziness, pure and simple. 这全然是懒惰
purely adv. 仅仅，完全
purify vt. 使纯净
15、decrease n. 减少,降低,减少量 v.减少,减小,降低
on the decrease 在减少
decrease by… 减少的幅度
decrease to… 减少后所达到的数量
decrease in 在某方面减少
increase n. 增加，增长 v.增加，增长
16、transform vt. 使改观,使改变形态 vi. 改变,改观
transform… [from…] into… sth. 把…[从…]变为…
transform …with… 用…来改变…
transformation n.[彻底的]改变，改观
17、build up 逐步增强，建立，开发
build up one’s confidence in…
增强某人对…的信心
build up one’s vocabulary扩大某人的词汇量
build up one’s trust 建立某人的信任
build up a business 创办企业
build up one’s health/body 增强某人的体质
18、deal with 对付，应付，处理，涉及，
论及，探讨，和…做生意
deal with stress 应对压力
deal with a problem 处理问题
注意：deal with和do with都可以表示“对付,应
付,处理”，但deal with常与how连用,而
do with常与what连用。
eg. How do you deal with the problem
= What do you do with the problem
19、thinking n. 思想，思维，见解
creative thinking 创造性思维
independent thinking 独立思考
do some thinking 思考
to my[way of] thinking 据我的观点, 依我看
without thinking 不假思索
20、make advances[in] [在…方面]进步，进展
=make an advance [in]
advance v. 前进，促进，提前 n.前进，进步
advance on/upon/towards… 向…推进/挺进
in advance = ahead of time 预先/提前【状语】
advanced adj. 高级的，先进的
21、initial adj. 最初的，开始的，第一的
my initial reaction 我最初的反应
initially adv. 开始，最初，起初
22、cast vt. 投射，向…投以[视线/笑容]，投掷
be cast down [by sth.] [因某事]沮丧,不愉快
cast/throw a shadow over/on
投下一片阴影，给…蒙上阴影
cast aside 抛弃，丢弃，废除
cast away 扔掉，抛弃
cast off 解缆，丢弃，抛弃
23、shadow n.阴影，影子，背光处
cast a shadow 投影
in the shadows 在阴暗处
in the shadow of … 在…阴影之下
eg. sit in the shadow of a tree坐在树荫下
eye shadow 眼影，眼睑膏
24、pour vt.倒出，倾泻，斟[饮料]
pour…our 倒/斟…，毫无保留地表达感情
pour down [雨]倾盆而下
pour with rain 下滂沱大雨
pour cold water over/on sth. 对某事泼凉水
25、have an impact on 对…有影响
have no impact on… 对…没有影响
make an impact on… 对…产生影响
have an effect/influence on 对…有影响
have no effect/influence/impact on 对…没影响
make a/no difference [to…] [对…]有/没有影响
26、break out [战斗/打斗等不愉快的事情]突然开始,爆发
break in 强行进入，插话，打断
break into 强行闯入，突然开始[笑、唱]
break down 分解, 出故障, [计划等]失败, 垮掉
break through 突围，突破
break up 分解，[关系]破裂
break off 折断，断开，中断
27、defend vt.保卫，防守，辩解
defend …against/from… 保卫…免受…
defend oneself 为自己辩护/辩解
defend one’s argument 为某人的论点辩护
defence n. 防御，保护，保卫，防御物
in defence of 为保卫…， 为…辩护
in one’s defence 为某人辩护
a defence against 对…的防御物
defensive adj. 防御的，保护的，保卫的
28、in charge of 主管，掌管
take charge of 负责，主管
charge sb. for sth. 为某物向某人收费
charge sb. with sth. 指控某人某事
free of charge 免费
注意： be in charge of 某人主管某物[人做主语]
be in the charge of 某物由某人主管[物做主语]
29、assistant n. 助理，助手
assist v. 帮助，援助，协助
assist sb. with sth. 帮助某人做某事
assist sb. to do sth. 帮助某人做某事
assist sb. in doing sth. 帮助某人做某事
assistance n. 帮助，援助
come to one’s assistance 帮助某人
financial assistance 经济援助
30、come down 患病，染上小病
[温度/价格等]下降，坍塌
[雨/雪等]落下
come down to [风俗/习惯] 流传到…
31、gifted adj. 有天赋的，有天才的，天资聪慧的
be gifted in/at 在…方面有天赋/才华
be gifted with… 具有…天赋
gift n. 天赋，天才，才能
have a gift/talent for… 有…天赋
show a talent for 显示出…天赋
be talented in/at 在…方面有天赋
32、abstract adj. 抽象的，理性的 n. 摘要
abstract idea/concept 抽象思想/概念
in the abstract 抽象地, 理论上[=in theory]
abstractly adv. 抽象地
33、steady adj. 稳定的，平稳的，稳步的
steady income 固定的收入
steady jobs 稳定的工作
steadily adv. 稳定地，平稳地
be steady in one’s principle 坚持原则
34、brilliant adj. 聪颖的，绝妙的，明亮的
brilliant sunshine 明媚的阳光
brilliant performance 出色的 表演
brilliantly adv. 灿烂地，出色地
35、fault n.弱点，过错
be one’s fault 是某人的过错
be at fault 有过错，有责任
find fault with 找茬儿，挑错，挑剔
it’s one’s fault for[doing] sth.
[做]某事是某人的过失
it’s one’s fault that… …是某人的过错
faulty adj. 有错误的，优缺陷的
faultless adj. 完美的，无缺点的
注意：fault 表示“弱点，缺点”时是可数名词，
表示“责任，过错”时是不可数
36、vivid adj.生动的，鲜明 的，丰富的
vivid memories 清晰的记忆
a vivid description 生动的描述
vividly adv. 生动地，清楚地
describe … vividly 生动地描述…
remember… vividly 清楚地记得…
37、honor
vt. 尊敬,尊重[某人],给予表扬[或奖励]
honour sb. with… 以…向某人表示敬意 /以…表扬/奖励某人
feel/be honored that… 因…而感到荣幸
be/feel honored to do sth. 因做某事而感到荣幸
n. 尊敬，尊重，光荣，荣幸，引起尊敬的人[或事物]
in honor of sb.= in sb’s honor 为向某人表示敬意/为纪念某人
have the honor of[doing] sth. 得到某殊荣，有幸做某事
it is an honor [for sb.] to do sth. [对某人来说]做某事使种荣幸
honorable adj. 光荣的,可敬的,品德高尚的