Unit 3 How do you get to school?教案

初一下U4
一. 生词
一)读音, 词形, 词性, 词义, 造句
二)讲解
1.到达的表达法:表达有三种表达法
1) get 不及物动词，不能直接跟名词宾语，跟名词宾语时（如school , Bejing 等）要用get to , 跟副词宾语时（如home/here/there等），直接跟宾语，如：
get to school / Beijing / Shanghai / the park / the zoo
get home / here / there
2) arriv不及物动词，不能直接跟名词宾语，跟名词宾语时（如school , Bejing 等）要用arrive at （小地点）/in（大地点） , 跟副词宾语时（如home/here/there等），直接跟宾语，还可以不跟地点，如：
Arrive at the park / the airport / the farm /the school
Arrive in Beijing / Shanghai
When you arrive , please call me . 来到时，给我打个电话。
3）reach [ri:t ]
过去式： reached ( http: / / www. / reached ) 过去分词： reached ( http: / / www. / reached )
现在分词： reaching ( http: / / www. / reaching ) 第三人称单数： reaches ( http: / / www. / reaches )
及物动词，直接跟名词宾语，有时直接跟副词宾语，如：
He who doesn't reach the Great Wall is not a true man. ( javascript:;" \o "机器发音 )不到长城非好汉.
Can you reach the park by subway ( javascript:;" \o "机器发音 ) 你可以乘地铁到达那个公园 吗
The ship will reach Dalian tomorrow morning. ( javascript:;" \o "机器发音 )那条船将于明晨到达大连。.
I want to reach home before dark. ( javascript:;" \o "机器发音 ) 我想天黑前到家.
2. listen to 与 hear
1）listen不及物动词，不能直接跟宾语，跟宾语时要用listen to；
Listen和listen to表示听的动作，如：
Listen ! Somebody is singing .
Listen !Tom is reading English .
I want to listen to the tape .
You must listen to your teachers carefully .
We are listening to our teacher .
2)hear [h ] 听见，表示听的结果，常用结构：听见某人正在做某事hear sb. doing sth. 和听见某人做了某事/经常做某事hear sb. do sth ,如：
I hear Lucy read English every morning . 我听见露西天天早上读英语。（天天读，强调动作经常发生，所以用动词原形read English）
I heard（ [h d] hear的过去式） Tom singing at 10:00 a.m. today .今天上午十点，我听见汤姆在唱歌。（强调正在唱，所以用现在分词形式singing）
3．Fight with 与…打架，与…并肩战斗，用…打仗/打架,如：
Don't fight with him, he is a mad man. ( javascript:;" \o "机器发音 )别跟他打架，他是疯子。
Did you fight with others ( javascript:;" \o "机器发音 )　　你又和别人打架了 吗
We can't have a fight with each other at school. ( javascript:;" \o "机器发音 )在学校我们不能相互打架.
Now, we fight with guns. ( javascript:;" \o "机器发音 )现在, 我们用枪打仗.
4. be + 表达心情的形容词(如sorry / happy / sad / excited / tired / bored … )+to do sth . 意思是” 做某事心情怎么样…”, 如:
I’m so happy to see you again . 再次见到你,我真高兴.
I’m excited to hear we can go boating . 听说我们能去划船,我很兴奋.
I’m sorry to hear that /( your mother is ill . )听说你妈病了我很难过.
I’m bored to play computer games . 玩电脑游戏,我感到很枯燥.
He’s sorry to trouble you . 他很抱歉打扰了你.
He’s happy to finish his homework . 他完成了作业,很高兴.
5.practice 作动词讲时,后面可以跟名词,代词和动名词,如:
He practices English every day . 他天天练习英语.
He practices swimming every day . 他天天练习游泳.
I want to practice playing the guitar . 我想练习弹吉他.
6. be strict with sb. 对某人要求严格,如:
Miss Sun is strict with her students . 孙老师对学生要求很严格.
My parents are strict with me . 我的父母对要求很严格.
The teacher should ([ ud] 情态动词,应该)be strict with students. ( javascript:void(0);" \o "点击发音 ) 老师应该严格要求学生。
We should be strict with ourselves. ( javascript:void(0);" \o "点击发音 ) 我们应该对自己要求严格。
You must be strict with them for their healthy growth( [gr θ] n.成长). ( javascript:void(0);" \o "点击发音 ) 为了让他们健康成长，你必须对他们严格要求.
In the following (['f l ui ])days, I will be strict with myself and study harder. ( javascript:void(0);" \o "点击发音 )在今后的日子,我会更加严厉的要求自己，更加努力的学习。
7. remember 动词，记住，记起，后面可以跟名词、代词，动词不定式或动名词.
remember后面跟名词或代词, 如：
He'll remember this day. ( javascript:;" \o "机器发音 )他会记住这一天.
I couldn't remember her name. ( javascript:;" \o "机器发音 ) 我怎么也记不起她的名字了.
Dreamers do not always remember their dreams. ( javascript:;" \o "机器发音 ) 做梦的人并不总能记住自己的梦。
This is Carla. Do you remember her ( javascript:;" \o "机器发音 ) 这位是卡拉。你记得她吗？
remember后面跟动词不定式,构成remember to do sth. ,表示“记住要做某事”， 如：
I remember to do my homework. ( javascript:void(0);" \o "点击发音 ) 我要记得去做家庭作业
Hey , guys and gals , always remember to do the math! ( javascript:void(0);" \o "点击发音 ) 嘿，大姑娘小伙子们，永远不要忘了数学！
Remember to take some paper, a pen, etc. ( javascript:;" \o "机器发音 ) 记住带些纸、笔等东西。
Please remember to call me when you get there. ( javascript:;" \o "机器发音 )请记住你到那儿时给我来个电话.
Remember to lock ([l k] n. / v.锁)the gate behind you. ( javascript:;" \o "机器发音 )记住出门时把大门锁上.
You must remember to write home. ( javascript:;" \o "机器发音 )你必须记着给家里写信.
Please remember to give her the book. ( javascript:;" \o "机器发音 )请记着把这本书给她.
remember后面跟动名词,构成remember doing sth. ,表示“记得要做过某事”， 如：
I remember washing the clothes. ( javascript:;" \o "机器发音 )我记得我洗衣服了。
Do you remember swimming last week ( javascript:;" \o "机器发音 )你还记得上星期游泳的事吗
remember后面可以跟从句,如:
Can you remember where he lives ( javascript:;" \o "机器发音 )你记得他住在哪里 吗
I can't remember how to get to Beijing. ( javascript:;" \o "机器发音 )我已经记不得如何去北京了。
9.keep
1)作系动词用,意思是 “使保持”,后面跟形容词,构成keep +adj.,表示 “一直保持某种状态”; 有时后面跟宾语再跟形容词,构成 “keep sb. +adj.”结构,表示 “使某人一直处于某种状态” ,如:
He always wears a coat to keep warm in winter . 冬天他总是穿一件外套保暖.
We should eat lots of fruit and vegetables to keep healthy.为了健康我应该多吃水果和蔬菜.
The noise kept him awake. ( javascript:;" \o "机器发音 ) ( javascript:; ) 噪音吵得他一直没有睡着。
At school , we must keep our hair short . 在学校,我们必须留短发.
2) v.,表示“记录，喂养 ,存放”，如：
You should keep a diary （['dai ri] 日记）every day . 你应该每天写一篇日记。
She keeps two cats . 她喂了两只猫。
She keeps her money in the box . 她把钱放在箱子里。
3)v. 意思是 “继续,重复”, 后面跟动名词,构成keep doing sth / keep on doing sth , 表示 “反复做某事或继续做某事”,如:
He keeps talking in class . 他总在上课时说话。
My wife keeps on saying that I work too hard.我妻子总说我工作太辛苦了
I went to bed at 10 :00 p.m. , but he kept studying... 十点时我睡了, ( javascript:;" \o "机器发音 )但他还接着学习。
Did he keep on trying 他在继续努力吗
4) keep sb. from doing sth , 表示 “阻止/妨碍某人做某事”如:
My brother sometimes keeps me from studying . 我弟弟有时妨碍我学习.
My father keeps me from playing computer games . 爸爸不让我玩电脑游戏.
5)keep from doing sth. 表示 “忍住/克制住…不做…” ,
She bit （[b t]）her lip（[l p]） to keep from crying... ( javascript:;" \o "机器发音 ) 她咬住嘴唇不哭。
He keeps on studying hard to keep from falling behind . 他一直努力学习,避免落下.
6) keep sth. from sb.表示“保守,隐瞒”,如:
He is keeping something from her . 他在隐瞒她一些事。
10. must/ have to 必须
1) must
2)have to 意思是否“必须，不得不”，表示由于客观原因，必须做某事。
We have to wear the school uniform at school. 在学校，我们必须穿校服。
I have to finish my homework before I watch TV. 看电视前我必须完成作业。
二、短语、句子
一）表时间和地点的介词短语
in the library 在图书馆 in the hallways 在走廊里
in the dining hall在餐厅里 in the music room. 在音乐室
in the kitchen 在厨房 at school 在学校
at home 在家 in class 在课堂上
on school nights 晚自习期间 before dinner 饭前
after dinner 晚饭后 after school 放学后
after class 下课后 after breakfast 早饭后
on weekends 在周末 before 10:00 十点前
after you read a book 你看书后
every Saturday 每周六 every morning 每天上午
in the evening 在晚上 on school days 在上学期间
二)动词短语
be / arrive late for class 上课迟到
be on time for class 按时上课
be noisy 吵闹 be quiet in the library 在图书馆保持安静
run in the hallways 在走廊里奔跑
eat in the classroom 在教室里吃东西
eat in the dining hall 在餐厅里吃东西
listen to music in class 在课堂上听音乐
listen to music in the music room. 在音乐室听音乐
listen to music outside 在外面听音乐
bring music players to school 把音乐播放器带到学校
wear a hat 戴帽子 wear the school uniform 穿校服
go out on school nights 晚自习期间外出
leave the dirty dishes in the kitchen .把用过的盘子留在厨房
relax after dinner 午饭后休息 keep your hair short 留短发
make rules 制定规则 follow the rules 遵守规则
have fun 过得愉快 listen to sb. 听某人的话,听某人讲
be strict with sb . 对某人要求严格
三）句子：
We also have to be quiet in the library . 在图书馆我们也必须保持安静.
Does he have to wear a uniform at school 在校期间,他必须穿校服吗
Yes ,he does . / No, he doesn’t .
Does she have to be quiet in the library 在图书馆她必须保持安静吗
What do you have to do 你必须做什么
What do you have to wear at school We always have to wear the school uniform.
在校期间,你们必须穿什么 我们必须总是穿校服.
At my dream school ,we don’t have to come to school every day .
在我梦想的学校里,我们不必天天上学.
I run to school because I can’t be late . 我跑步去学校,因为我不想迟到.
I can’t play basketball after school because I must do my homework .
放学后我不能打篮球,因为我必须做作业.
I must read a book before I can watch TV.我能看电视前,必须看书.
I have to go to bed before 10:00.十点前我必须睡觉.
Parents and schools make rules to help students .So students have to follow the rules .父母和学校制定制度帮助学生们.所以,学生们必须遵守制度.
I’m not happy because I have to keep my hair short . 我不高兴,因为我必须留短发.
I never have fun . 我从来都不愉快/快乐.
It’s best to follow the rules . 最好是遵守制度.
二、话题：谈论规章制度（rules）
一）描述规章制度
Don’t be / arrive late for class . You must be on time .
Don’t run in the hallways .
Don’t eat in the classroom . You must eat in the dining hall .
Don't’t listen to music in class . You must listen to music in the music room.
Don’t listen to music in the classroom or hallways . You can listen to it outside .
Don’t bring music players to school .
Don’t wear a hat . You must wear the school uniform at school.
Don’t fight.
Don’t go out on school nights .
Don’t see friends on school nights .
Don’t leave the dirty dishes in the kitchen .
Don’t be noisy or eat in class . You must be quiet in the library .
Don’t play basketball afer school . You must do your homework after school.
Don’t relax after dinner . You must read a book before you can watch TV.
You must go to bed before 10:00.
You must keep your hair short .
二）谈论校规：We have many rules at school . We can’t …. We must / have to …
谈论家规： We have many rules at home . My parents are strict with me . I can’t .. I must / have to ….
can 可以， can’t 不能, must/ have to 必须
三、语法：祈使句
1、祈使句的用法：表示请求或命令。
2、祈使句的特点：
1）谓语动词用原形，
2）常省略主语，有时为了强调指明向谁提出要求或发出命令，可以用人名等方式显示出来且重读，如：
Tom, close the window. 汤姆，关上窗户。
You be quiet for a minute. 请你安静一会儿。
3）用降调读，为使祈使句听起来比较婉转，可用低降调，
4）祈使句句末用句号或感叹号。
3、祈使句分为肯定形式和否定形式。
肯定形式构成：动词原形开头+…
否定形式构成：Don’t +动词原形+…
Be quiet ,please . 请保持安静。
Be on time for school . 请按时到校。
Look at the blackboard , please . 请看黑板。
Listen to me , Please . 请听我讲/说。
Stand up . 立起。
Don’t be late for class . 上课不许迟到。
Don’t eat in class . 课堂上不许吃东西。
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