名词的用法
【真题再现】
1. — It’s said that a college student had a ______ to Tibet with 500 yuan for a month.
— How surprising! Once you have an idea to go somewhere, do it! (2016山西)
A. match B. travel C. change
2. — I am just going to the ______. Do you want anything
— Yes, a bag of rice. (2016 沈阳)
A. market B. classroom C. library D. park
3. — Nobody knows which team will win the 2016 World Cup in Brazil. (2016连云港)
— Yes. That is the ______ of the beautiful game.
A. question B. luck C. hope D. magic
4. Mum, it’s so hot. Could I have some ______ (2016黑龙江龙东地区)
A. hamburgers B. bread C. ice-cream
5. Miss Black is a friend of ______, she always looks after my sister. (2016黑龙江龙东地区)
A. Mary’s mother’s B. Mary’s mother’ C. Mary mother’s
6. Wang Yaping and Liu Yang are our ______ in China. We’re proud ______ them. (2016黑龙江龙东地区)
A. women astronauts; of B. woman astronauts; of C. women astronauts; in
7. My teacher gave me much ________ on how to study English well when I had some trouble.( 2016菏泽)
A. advice B. question C. suggestion D. problem
8. US First Lady Michelle Obama encouraged students to study abroad in her ________ when visiting Peking University on March 22, 2016. (2016镇江)
A. story B. speech C. letter D. diary
9. There are some _______ in Dayton Art Museum. For example, no food or drinks is allowed inside. (2016温州)
A. jobs B. records C. rules D. paintings
10.Mickey mouse is one of the most famous _______ in American _______. (2017广东)
A.symbol,culture B. symbol,cultures C.symbols,culture D. symbols,cultures
11. In 1998, Liu Xiang’ ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )s ______ in hurdling was noticed by Sun Jiangping. (2017天津)
A. ability B. trade C. electricity D. memory
12. Yesterday Lucy told us such good that we are all amazed at it. (2017青岛)
A. news B. ideas C. suggestion D. answer
13.Health is important for us teenagers, so we should eat more vegetables such as ________ to keep healthy. (2017哈尔滨)
A.tomatoes and potatoes B.tomatos and potatos C.tomatos and potatoes
14. She says her favorite ________ is English. (2017成都)
A.color B.sport C.subject
15. Annie has a ________, and she is going to see her dentist today. (2017温州)
A. cold B. fever C. cough D. toothache
16. Jeff will come to understand you one day. It’s a matter of ________ . (2017厦门)
A. pleasure B. value C. time
17.Maori people in New Zealand touch _______ when they meet.(2017南宁)
A.trees B.noses C.caps D.desks
【答案与解析】
1. B。句意:——据说一名大学生用500元去西藏旅行了一个月。——多么令人吃惊啊!一旦你有去某个地方的想法,就行动吧!根据句意及设空处后的to可知答案为B项。
2. A。句意:——我正要去市场。你想要点什么吗?——是的,一袋大米。market市场;classroom教室;library图书馆;park公园。根据语境可知只有在市场上可能有卖大米的,其他三项均不合适,故选A。
3. D。句意:——没人知道哪一支球队会获得2016年巴西世界杯的冠军。——是的,那正是精彩赛事的魅力。question问题;luck运气;hope希望;magic魅力,魔力,神奇。根据句意故选D项。
4. C。本句意为:妈妈,太热了;我能吃点冰淇淋吗?A. hamburgers 汉堡;B. bread面包;C. ice-cream冰淇淋;由“hot”可知此处应该选C。
5. A。Black小姐是Mary妈妈的朋友,她总是看起来像我的姐姐。Mary’s是名词所有格形式,表示“Mary的”;mother’s是mother的名词所有格形式,表示“妈妈的”。故答案选A。
6. A。王亚平和刘洋是中国的女飞行员;我们为她们感到骄傲。woman的复数为women,其中be proud of是为……感到骄傲、自豪。故答案选A。
7. A。本句意为:当我有苦难的时候,我的老师在学习英语上给我很多建议。advice与suggestion是名词,都表示“建议、意见”的意思。两者的最大区别在于advice是不可数名词,而suggestion则是可数名词,根据题空前的much可知题空中填不可数名词,故答案选A。
8. B。句意:美国第一夫人Michelle Obama在2016年3月22日访问北京大学时在演讲中鼓励学生到国外学习。story故事;speech演讲;letter信;diary日记。根据句意可知B项是正确答案。
9. C。句意:代顿艺术博物馆有一些新规定,例如馆内禁止饮食。根据后面提示可知是规定。故选C项。
10. C。句意为:米老鼠是美国文化中最出名的标志之一。“one of +形容词最高级+可数名词复数”意为“最……之一”。由此可知,第一空应该用复数。第二空指“美国文化”,应该用单数。故选C。
11. A。A项意为“能力”;B项意为“贸易”;C项意为“电”,D项意为“记忆”;根据题意,可知“能力”的含义更为贴切。故答案为A。
12. A。句意:昨天露西告诉我们如此好的消息以至于我们都惊呆了。选项A(news)是不可数名词,因此在good前面不能加不定冠词a,而且符合句意,故正确。选项B (ideas)与后面的it矛盾,故错误。选项C (suggestion)是可数名词,因此要在good前面加不定冠词a,故错误。选项D (answer)是可数名词,因此要在good前面加不定冠词a,而且与句意不符,故错误。
13. A。句意:对我们青少年来说健康是很重要的,所以为了保持健康我们应该多吃一些蔬菜,例如西红柿和土豆。tomato西红柿,它的复数形式为tomatoes;potato土豆,它的复数形式为potatoes。 所以选A。
14. C。句意:她说她最喜欢的科目是英语。color颜色;sport运动;subject科目。故选C。
15. D。句意:安妮牙疼,今天她打算去看牙医。cold 作名词,感冒;fever发烧;cough咳嗽;toothache牙疼。根据后面she is going to see her dentist today可知她是牙疼。故选D。
16. C。根据前句句意“Jeff迟早有一天会理解你”,可知这只是个时间问题,故选C。
17. B。tree意为“树”;nose意为“鼻子”;cap意为“帽子”;desk意为“桌子”。由选项及常识可知,新西兰的毛利族人见面进行碰鼻礼。故选B。
【用法讲解】
1. 可数名词和不可数名词:
英语的名词可以分为可数名词和不可数名词。表示可以计数的事物的名词叫可数名词,一般有单数和复数形式两种形式。可数名词的单数变为复数的规则为:
1)一般情况下,在可数名词的单数形式后面加字母-s构成复数形式。
如:book-books; pen-pens; eraser-erasers
2)以字母x;s;ch;sh结尾的单词,其复数形式是在单词后面加字母-es。
如:bus-buses;box-boxes;watch-watches
3)以辅音字母+y结尾的可数名词,其复数形式是把字母y变为i再加-es。
如:baby-babies; country-countries; city-cities
注意:如果是以元音字母+y结尾的单词则直接加字母-s。
如:boy-boys;toy-toys
4)以字母f或者fe结尾的可数名词,其复数形式是先把字母f变为v再加-es。
如:wife-wives;leaf-leaves;knife-knives
5)以字母o结尾的可数名词,其复数形式一般加-s,或-es。
如:photo-photos,radio-radios,piano- pianos, tomato-tomatoes,potato-potatoes
6)一些特殊变化的复数形式。
如:man/woman-men/women; child-children;
foot-feet;tooth-teeth; mouse-mice
7)有些名词的单复数形式相同:
如:sheep,deer,Chinese,Japanese,yuan(元), jin (斤)
注意:
有些集体名词本身既表示单数意义又表示复数意义。当这些名词指代一个单位、机构
或被看成一个整体时,作单数形式理解;如果表示这个群体的所有成员,通常被看作复数。
常用的这类词有:
class 班级; team 队(员); family 家庭/人; government 政府; group 组(员)
The family is not large. 这个家庭不大。(指家庭这个整体)
The family are all music lovers. 这一家人都是音乐爱好者。(指家庭中的成员)
Almost all families in this village have taken part in the program. (指多个家庭)
在这个村庄几乎所有家庭都参加了这个节目。
2.不可数名词“量”的表示方法
1)用much, a little, a lot of/lots of, some, any等表示多少。如:
The rich man has a lot of money.那个富人有很多钱。
There is some milk in the bottle.瓶子里有一些牛奶。
Is there any water in the glass?杯子里有一些水吗?
I don't like winter because there's too much snow and ice.
我不喜欢冬天,因为有太多的冰和雪。
2)用a piece of 这类定语修饰不可数数名词.。
a piece of paper ; a piece of wood; a piece of bread
a bottle of orange ; a glass of water(milk); a cup of tea
如果要表示“两杯茶”、“四张纸”这类概念时,在容器后加复数。
two cups of tea; four pieces of paper; three glasses of water; three bags of rice
3. 名词所有格
名词所有格是中考的重点。名词所有格表示人或者事物的所有及所属关系,在句子中作定语。
1)表示人或者有生命的名词的所有格的形式,单数名词的后面加“-’s”。
如:This is my father’s car. 这是我父亲的汽车。
2)表示集体、时间、距离、世界、国家等名词的所有格也可以用“-’s”形式。
如:Is there anything strange in today’s newspaper
今天报纸上有什么特别的消息吗?
3)表示无生命的名词所有格要用of+名词的形式,有时也用于有生命的名词。
如:Look at the map of China, please. 请看这张中国地图。
I know the girl’s name/ the name of the girl. 我知道这个女孩的名字。
注意:
1)用连词and连接两个并列的单数名词表示共同所有关系时,只在最后一个名词的后面加“-’s”,
如:This is Li Lei and Li Ping’s father. 这是李雷和李平的父亲。(两个人共同的父亲)
如果两个名词分别所有,则在两个名词的后面分别加 “-’s”,
如:These are Li Lei’s and Li ping’s books.
这些是李雷和李平的书。(两个人各自所有)
2)以s或es结尾的复数名词,其所有格只在字母s的后面加“’”;而不以s结尾的复数名词的所有格形式仍然要加“-’s”。
如:It’s about ten minutes’ walk from my home to my school.
从我家到学校步行大约十分钟。
Here is the Children’s Palace. 这里是少年宫。
3)双重所有格:
“of +名词的-’s所有格/名词性物主代词”构成双重所有格。如果在表示所属物的名词前有冠词、数词、不定代词或指示代词时,常用双重所有格。
例如:Tom is a friend of my father’s. 汤姆是我父亲的一位朋友。
I gave him two photos of mine. 我给了他我的两张照片。
PAGE【巩固练习】
I. 单项选择。
1. Mr. Black gave us ____ on how to learn English well.
A. an advice B. many advices C. some advice D. some advices
2. You can get much ______ about the World Expo on the Internet.
A. map B. picture C. ticket D. information
3. I saw many _________ eating grass on the hill.
A. horse B. cow C. rabbit D. sheep
4. I don’t think looking after children is just work.
A. woman B. woman’s C. women D. women’s
5. The hospital is a bit far from here. It’s about _______.
A. forty minutes walk B. forty minute’s walk
C. forty minutes’ walks D. forty minutes’ walk
6. There are a lot of ______ planting trees on the hill.
A. boy B. people C. girl D. student
7. -Your English is very good. Who taught you
-Nobody. I taught ______.
A. me B. him C. himself D. myself
8. Listen! The ______ are singing in the next room.
A. twins babies B. twin babies C. twins’ baby D. twin’s baby
9. We all think football is not only ____ game. Some girls like football, too.
A. a boy’s B. boy’s C. boys’ D. the boys’
10. There are a lot of yellow _____ on the tree when autumn comes.
A. leafs B. leaves C. apple D. banana
11. There are about one hundred teachers in our school. Two thirds of them are _______.
A. women teachers B. woman teachers C. women teacher D. woman teacher
12.— They are thirsty. Will you please give them ______
— Certainly.
A. some bottles of waters B. some bottles of water
C. some bottle of water D. some bottle of waters
13.Mike hurt one of his ______ in the accident yesterday.
A. tooth B. feet C. hand D. ear
14.There is some _______ on the plate.
A. cakes B. meat C. potato D. pears
15.The______ has two _______ .
A. boys; watches B. boy; watch C. boy; watches D. boys; watch
II. 用括号中所给的词的适当形式填空。
1. Please take some ________ (medicine) and stay in bed for two days.
2. The baby has already had four ______ (tooth) when she was seven months old.
3. Could you help me to clean the fallen _______ (leaf) on the ground
4. We need a lot of ______ (dictionary) in our class. Could you buy some for us
5. We had better take three ________ (week) holidays after the hard work.
6.-Whose car is this
-I think it must be your ________ (father).
7. I hear the yellow car is ________ (Dave and Jane).Is it right
8. Our teacher is very angry with your brother because he made many ________ (mistake) in his homework.
9. There is a lot of ______ (salt) in my soup. It is too salty to drink.
10. The Olympic Flame was carried to different ________ (city) in China.
【答案与解析】
I. 单项选择。
1.C。advice是不可数名词,表示一些建议只能用C答案,表示一条建议(a piece of advice)。
2. D。本题句意是“你能从因特网上得到大量有关世博会的信息”。information是不可数名词,可以用much修饰,指“大量信息”。
3. D。many 后面必须接可数名词的复数,只有sheep单复数相同,符合句意。
4. D。本题考查名词所有格,women是woman复数,不是以-s结尾的名词所有格一般加-’s, women’s 指“妇女们的”。
5. D。本题是考查名词所有格和不可数名词的用法。加-s构成的名词复数形式的所有格是minutes’。forty minutes’ walk 意思为“步行40分钟的路程”,walk是不可数名词。
6. B。在短语a lot of的后面用可数名词的复数形式或者不可数名词。本句用there are则表示后面是用可数名词的复数形式,只有people是复数,所以选择B。
7. D。本题是考查反身代词的用法。动词taught和反身代词连用表示“自学”的意思,反身代词和前面作主语的人称代词应该一致,所以选择D。
8. B。本题是考查名词作定语一般用单数的用法,名词twin修饰后面的名词作定语,在被修饰的名词变为复数形式的时候,twin仍用单数,所以本题选择B。
9. C。本题是考查名词所有格和冠词的用法,从句意“我们都认为足球不仅仅是男孩的运动项目”推断“男孩”是泛指,应该用复数,但不加定冠词;名词复数的所有格在s后加“’”,所以选C。
10. B。 在短语a lot of的后面用可数名词的复数形式或不可数名词,由are可知应该用名词复数;leaf的复数形式是leaves,所以选B。
11. A。本题是考查名词作定语的用法。man/woman作定语的复合名词其复数形式是两个单词都变化。所以woman teacher的复数形式是women teachers。
12. B。表示“一些瓶水”的bottle是可数名词,加-s,water是不可数名词,没有复数形式。
13. B。one of 后面加复数名词,只有feet是复数名词。
14. B。由there is可知主语是单数名词或不可数名词,但是some后面只能接不可数名词或复数可数名词。
15. C。由has可知主语是单数,由two可知watch用复数形式。
II. 用括号中所给的词的适当形式填空。
1. medicine 2. teeth 3. leaves 4. dictionaries 5. weeks’
6. father’s 7. Dave and Jane’s 8. mistakes 9. salt 10. cities
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