【助力2014高考】英语语法小题特训：虚拟语气（100题，11页）
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| 名称 | 【助力2014高考】英语语法小题特训：虚拟语气（100题，11页） |  | |
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| 更新时间 | 2013-12-24 17:03:49 | ||
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【助力2014高考】英语语法小题特训：虚拟语气
--Can I borrow your "Kids Typing" CD-ROM
--I’d get it for you __________ I could remember who last borrowed it.
A. except that B. if only C. on condition that D. considering whether
答案： B
2. After the surgery, the old lady looked as if she __________ ten years younger.
A. be B. is C. had been D. were
答案： D
3. Mrs. Morrison __________ a good salary in an office job instead of staying at home, but she decided not to work for the sake of her children.
A. must have made B. could make C. would make D. could have made
答案： 这是一个表示“过去”的虚拟语气的句子。在but前是虚拟语气，在but 后是陈述语气。but后的句子等于一个if从句：
…but she decided not to work for the sake of her children．
=if she had decided to work，这时，就成了一个标准的虚拟语气的句 子： ‘
If she had decided to work，Mrs．Morrison could have made a good salary in an office job instead of staying at home．
本题意为：如果Morrison太太当初决定去工作的话，她会在一家写字 间赚一份很好的工资，但是她为了她的孩子，决定不工作。 (答案D)
4. Five minutes earlier, and we __________ the last subway train.
A. ought to have caught B. must have caught
C. could have caught D. could catch
答案： 这里的Five minutes earlier意思是“如果早五分钟的话”，代替了一个虚 拟语气的it从句：If we had left five minutes earlier。所以这是个虚拟 语气的过去时的句子。根据公式，要用would／should／could／might +原型动词。选项A．ought to have caught是情态动词表示“该做的事 没有做”。could have caught意思是“没有赶上”。 (答案C)
5. __________, we should have gone on a trip to the mountain.
A. If the weather were not bad B. Whether the weather was bad or not
C. But for the fact that the weather was bad D. Despite the bad weather
答案： But for意思是“要没有……”，后跟名词，后面的句子要用虚拟语气。 从后半句的we should have gone on a trip to the mountain我们可以看 出这是个过去时的虚拟语气：
But for your help．1 would have failed in the Maths exam．
请参考本章第16句。 (答案C)
6. It is essential that human beings __________ ways and means to protect the environment.
A. should adopt B. have adopted C. would adopt D. will have adopted
答案： A
7. __________ it rain tomorrow, we would have to put off the visit to the Botanical Gardens.
A. Were B. Should C. Would D. If
答案： 请注意虚拟语气将来时if从句的用法：
(1)If she came tomorrow，we would be very happy．
(2)If she should come tomorrow，we would be very happy．
(3)If she were to come tomorrow，we would be very happy．
上面的第(2)和第(3)句可以倒装：
If she should come tomorrow，we would be very happy．
=Should she come tomorrow．we would be very happy．
If she were to come tomorrow，we would be very happy．
=Were she to come tomorrow，we would be very happy．
本题如不倒装是这样的：
If it should rain tomorrow，we would have to put off the visit to the Botanical Gardens．
请参考本章第74，80句。 (答案B)
8. He has suggested that Miss Li __________ action at once before it is too late.
A. take B. takes C. will take D. would take
答案： A
9. I would have paid a visit to you __________ possible.
A. if it were B. would it be C. had it been D. should it have been
答案： 本句的倒装情况和第8句一样：if it had been possible=had it been possible。前面句子I would have paid a visit to you是虚拟语气的过去 时，所以要用if it had been possible。 (答案C)
10. She could have passed the exam, but she __________ hard enough.
A. didn’t study B. hadn’t studies C. doesn’t study D. would not study
答案： 这个句子的前半句是虚拟语气的过去时，在but后要用陈述语气，表 示一个“事实”。用一般过去时即可：
I would have bought that computer，but I didn’t have enough money．
=1 would have bought that computer if I had had enough money．
She would have come to the dinner，but she was busy at that time．
=She would have come to the dinner if she had not been busy at that time． (答案A)
11. The two strangers talked as if they __________ friends for years.
A. should B. would be C. have been D. had been
答案： D
12. Would he __________ to our help if he were here
A. have come B. be coming C. comes D. come.
答案： D
13. --Do you think the thief entered through the door
--No. If he had, I don’t believe, __________ broken the living room window.
A. would he have B. he had C. he would have D. he has
答案： C
14. I was very busy that day. Otherwise I __________ part in the debating.
A. would take B. had taken C. took D. would have taken
答案： 本句的otherwise意思是“要不然的话”，代替了一句if从句：if I had not been busy that day，所以主句要用过去时的虚拟语气。 (答案D)
15. As a good student, he __________ to college last year, yet he got ill then and couldn’t take the entrance examinations.
A. might have gone B. could have gone C. must have gone D. should go
答案： 这是个比较难的题目。选项A．he might have gone to college last year表示对过去的猜测，意思是“他可能已经上了大学”。但是后半句 说：yet he got ill then and couldn’t take the entrance examinations．他 生病了，没法参加高考。所以选项A错。选项C．he must have gone to college last year，表示对过去的猜测，意思更肯定，“他一定已经上 了大学”。但是根据后半句，他不可能进大学，错。选项D．he should go to college last year只表示他“应该进大学”，也错。选项B．he could have gone to college last year是虚拟语气过去时，意思是“他没 有进大学”：
He could have gone to college last year．yet he got m then and couldn’t take the entrance examinations．
=If he hadn’t got ill and taken the entrance examinations．he could have gone to college last year． (答案B)
16. He was late for class today. But for the heavy rain, he __________ an hour earlier.
A. could come B. could have come C. were to come D. should come
答案： B
17. The judge ordered that the thief __________ punished.
A. would be B. should be C. was to be D. must be
答案： B
18. I would have told him the answer had it been possible, but I simply __________ no time.
A. had had B. had been C. had D. would have had
答案： C
19. Susan couldn’t have written to Scott, or he __________ received her letter.
A. has B. had C. would have D. could have
答案： 本句中前半句是个情态动词“对过去否定的猜测”：Susan couldn’t have written to Scott意思是"Susan当初不可能写信给Scott”。本句 的关键词是or，它代替一个虚拟语气的if从句，意思是“如果当初 Susan给Scott写信的话”：or=if Susan had written to Scott。这时， 后面的主句要用虚拟语气的过去时，从理论上来说，谓语动词可以用 would／should／could／might + have done。所以本题的答案在C和D 之间。用would意思是“就会……”。用could意思是“有能力做……”。 对于“收到信件”来说，不存在“有没有能力”的问题。 (答案C)
20. He insisted that she __________ right in doing that.
A. be B. is C. was D. had been
答案： 在insist后面的宾语从句中，动词可以用虚拟语气，也可以不用虚拟语 气。当从句里有“把说话人的意志强加到听话人的头上”时，用虚拟语 气，其动词通常是个“动作动词”。动词用should+原型动词，should 可以省略。当从句的动词是个“状态”时，不用虚拟语气，该用什么时 态就用什么时态：
He insisted that his daughter (should) play the piano for 5 hours a day．
He insisted that he was not hungry at that time．
本题不是虚拟语气。 (答案C)
21. He was very angry with himself yesterday, otherwise he __________ with you.
A. would go B. could go C. would have gone D. had gone
答案： C
22. Without your help, We __________.
A. would not have succeeded B. would not succeeds
C. would have not succeeded D. could not have been succeeded
答案： A
23. He demanded that the laboratory report __________ immediately after the experiment was done.
A. was written B. be written C. must be written D. would be written
答案： B
24. It was ordered that no smoking __________ in the library.
A. is allowed B. allowed C. should be allowed D. will be allowed
答案： C
25. If she __________ hard at English in the past, she __________ So well as a secretary in a large company now.
A. hadn’t worked ... wouldn’t have worked B. didn’t work ... wouldn’t work
C. hadn’t worked ... wouldn’t work D. didn’t work ... wouldn’t have worked
答案： 这是一句错纵时态的虚拟语气句。if从句是过去时，主句是现在时。 错纵时态的虚拟语气句一般都有时间状语，如本句中的in the past和 now。 (答案C)
26. --You realize that you were driving at 100 mph, don’t you
--No, officer. I __________. This ear can’t do more than 80.
A. didn’t need to be B. might not have been
C. Couldn’t have been D. shouldn’t have been
答案： 选项A．I didn’t need to be意思是“我当初没有必要”。后面的句子
说：This car can’t do more than 80．这车最多一小时跑80英里。不 符逻辑，所以A错。选项B．I might not have been(driving at 100 mph)是虚拟语气过去时，意思是“我当初是开了一小时100英里”。 选项D．I shouldn’t have been(driving at 100 mph)是虚拟语气过去 时，表示不该做的事做了，意思是“我当初是开了一小时100英里”。 选项C．I couldn’t have been(driving at 100 mph)是情态动词，表示 对过去的否定的猜测，意思是“我当初不可能开一小时100英里”，因 为“这车最多一小时跑80英里。” (答案C)
27. --John wants to see you today.
--I would rather he __________ tomorrow than today.
A. comes B. came C. should come D. had come
答案： 在would rather后的宾语从句中要用虚拟语气。其谓语动词用“过去 时表示对现在和将来的愿望”，用“过去完成时表示对过去的愿望”。 本句中有tomorrow，所以用过去时：
I would rather(that)he came tomorrow than today．
=1 wish(that)he came tomorrow than today．
本题意为：我希望他明天来而不是今天来。 (答案B)
28. It’s time the child __________ how to behave properly.
A. is learning B. learns C. learned D. to learn
答案： 在It is time(that)后的从句中也要用虚拟语气。其谓语动词用“过去 时表示将来”。如：
It is time(that)you went to bed．
It is high time(that)she did her homework．
请参照本章第30句。 (答案C)
29. --Would you join us. in the game
-- I wish I __________, but I’m busy __________ my lessons now.
A. can ... with B. shall ... for C. did ... at D. could ... doing
答案： D
30. It is time that you __________ on this problem.
A. are speaking B. will speak C. must speak D. spoke
答案： D
31. He __________ not well yesterday, or he __________ you with your experiment.
A. were ... would have helped B. had been ... would have helped
C. was ... would have helped D. was ... had helped
答案： 前半句He was not well yesterday是个陈述语气，动词的过去时表示 过去。or意思是“要不然的话”，相当于一个虚拟语气的if从句：
or = if he had been well yesterday
后半句就要用虚拟语气主句的过去时：
…he would have helped you with your experiment． (答案C)
32. Patrick __________ a rich man today if he had been more careful in the past.
A. would be B. should have be C. will be D. was
答案： A
33. Now, children, it’s time you
A. being to dress B. have to dress C. will get dressed D. got dressed
答案： D
34. If you had asked him beforehand, you __________ what to do tomorrow.
A. would know B. should have known C. could have known D. knew
答案： A
35. If you had asked the teacher for explanation, you __________ difficulty now.
A. wouldn’t have had B. would have had C. wouldn’t have D. would have
答案： C
36. --What are you going to study next year
--I don’t know, but it’s time __________ something.
A. I decide B. I decided C. I’ll decide D. I’d decide
答案： B
37. The doctor ordered that Tom __________ home for a month.
A. stays at B. would stay in C. stay at D. should stay in
答案： C
38. I wish I __________ at the meeting the day before.
A. attended B. would be C. could have been D. had attended
答案： 这是个有“陷阱”的题目。请注意attend是个及物动词，如果用了 attend就不能用attend at the meeting，所以选项A和D错。选项B 是现在时，选项C是过去时。因为有了the day before，所以要用表示 过去的虚拟语气could have been。 (答案C)
39. They suggested __________ right away.
A. to discuss the problem B. the problem to be discussed
C. the problem discussed D. that the problem be discussed
答案： D
40. Had we not used and out-of date time table, we __________ the train.
A. would miss B. would have not missed C. had missed D. would not have missed
答案： D
41. The teacher suggested that everyone __________ there on foot.
A. went B. would go C. go D. goes
答案： C
42. --It is raining, and I haven’t got an umbrella.
--Here is mine. And I insist __________ it.
A. that you take B. you to take C. that you taking D. you taking
答案： A
43. --Jack wants to see you today.--I wish he __________ tomorrow.
A. comes B. came C. should come D. has come
答案： B
44. Almost all his friends suggested __________ Mr. Hood at once.
A. that he visits B. to him to visit C. that he visit D. to him for visiting
答案： C
45. He could have passed the exam if he __________ harder.
A. has worked B. worked C. had worked D. was working
答案： C
46. She thinks that he __________ careful next time.
A. be B. shouldn’t have been C. would D. should be
答案： 在think后的宾语从句是不用虚拟语气的，所以选项A错。选项B．
he shouldn’t have been careful next time中的shouldn’t have been表 示过去，不能用在next time的句子中，所以选项B错。选项C．he would careful缺动词，也错。 (答案D)
47. They insist that the manager himself __________ to that important meeting.
A. to go B. going C. should go D. went
答案： C
48. The policeman demanded that he __________ down his name immediately.
A. writes B. wrote C. had written D. write
答案： D
49. I’d rather Miss Liu __________ anything for the time being.
A. do B. doesn’t do C. did D. didn’t do
答案： 在I’d rather后的宾语从句要用虚拟语气。其谓语动词的用法和 wish后的宾语从句的用法一样：
I’d rather(that)he came tomorrow．
=1 wish(that)he came tomorrow．
I’d rather(that)they had made fewer mistakes in yesterday’s test．
=1 wish(that)they had made fewer mistakes in yesterday’s test．
本句的for the time being意思是“暂时”。 (答案D)
50. I would have invited her to the party but I __________ her well.
A. don’t know B. didn’t know C. doesn’t know D. hadn’t known
答案： B
51. How nice it __________ if I __________ a Sister like you!
A. will be ... have B. is ... have C. will be ... had D. would be ... had
答案： D
52. He suggested __________ there alone.
A. she go B. she went C. her go D. she going
答案： A
53. Here’s our suggestion that the sports meet __________ next month.
A. should hold B. be held C. must be held D. would be held
答案： B
54. The man insisted that he __________ there.
A. should send B. would be sent C. be sent D. sent
答案： C
55. I’m sorry I’m so busy now. I wish I __________ with you.
A. can go B. could go C. had gone D. have gone
答案： B
56. At the meeting everybody was against his suggestion that a new bridge __________ over the river.
A. be built B. must be built C. was to be built D. had to be build
答案： A
57. The teacher demanded that her students __________ their homework on time.
A. finished B. finish C. have to finish D. must finish
答案： B
58. Since his blood pressure is much higher than it should be, his doctor insists that he __________ smoke.
A. will not B. does not C. would not D. not
答案： D
59. His happy face suggested that he __________ a good time at the party last night.
A. would have B. should have C. have D. had
答案： 和insist的用法一样，在suggest后面的宾语从句中，动词可以用虚拟 语气，也可以不用虚拟语气。当从句里有“把说话人的意志强加到听 话人的头上”时，用虚拟语气，其动词通常是个“动作动词”。动词用 should+原型动词，should可以省略。当从句的动词是个“状态”时， 不用虚拟语气，该用什么时态就用什么时态。如：
I suggested that your son(should)read English every day．
She suggested that her school was a first-class school．
本题不用虚拟语气，请参照本章第98句。 (答案D)
60. He insisted that the written report __________ before Wednesday.
A. done B. be done C. will be done D. ought to be done
答案： B
61. I feel as if I already __________ inside me all the medicine that could cure the illness.
A. had B. have C. have had D. had had
答案： 这是个有“陷阱”的题目。我们知道在as if后的状语从句要用虚拟语 气，其谓语动词用“过去时表示对现在和将来”；用“过去完成时表示对 过去”。本句意思是“我感到好像我已经吃了能看好我病的所有的 药”，并没有讲到一定要用什么时态，好像用现在时和过去时都可以。 选项A是现在时，选项D是过去时，但请注意already的用法，already 通常要放在助动词的后面。如：
正：I feel as if I had already had all the medicine．
误：I feel as if I already had had a11 the medicine．所以D错。
本句是个倒装句，如不倒装，应该是：
I feel as if already had all the medicine that could cure the illness inside me． (答案A)
62. Tom would have learned the news if you __________ earlier at that time.
A. came B. would come C. had come D. should come
答案： C
63. Why hasn’t he come __________ on time, we would have to put off the trip.
A. If he doesn’t come B. If he will not come
C. If he should not come D. If he had not come
答案： C
64. It would have been a good match if it __________.
A. didn’t rain B. isn’t raining
C. hadn’t rained D. hasn’t rained
答案： C
65. If he had not gone out in the storm, __________.
A. he will be alive now B. he would be alive now
C. he will have been alive now D. he would have been alive now
答案： B
66. If you __________ early, you might have met him.
A. came B. have come C. had come D. had to come
答案： C
67. You would have succeeded if you __________ trying.
A. keep on B. kept on C. had kept on D. keeping
答案： C
68. If you had attended yesterday’s class, you __________ what to do now.
A. would have known B. know C. would know D. have known
答案： C
69. I would pay you now if I __________ the money.
A. have B. had C. have had D. had had
答案： B
70. If he had asked me, __________ there.
A. I should stay B. I would have stayed
C. I would stay D. I should have been stayed
答案： B
71. The new airport __________ if they had not stopped working on it.
A. would complete B. had been completed
C. had completed D. would have been completed
答案： D
72. If you __________ yesterday, you wouldn’t have met the great writer.
A. would not come B. should not come
C. had not come D. didn’t come
答案： C
73. If we __________ here ten minutes earlier, we __________ the bus.
A. arrived ... would catch B. arrived ... would have caught
C. had arrived ... had caught D. had arrived ... would have caught
答案： D
74. If it __________ tomorrow, what would we do
A. rains B. were to rain C. would rain D. rain
答案： B
75. She __________ if she had taken my advice.
A. wouldn’t have failed B. would fail C. hadn’t failed D. didn’t fail
答案： A
76. --Do you have a lap-top
--No, but I wish I __________.
A. have B. had to C. did D. have had
答案： C
77. Had you come five minutes earlier, you __________ the funny story.
A. would have heard B. would hear C. might hear D. must have heard
答案： A
78. If Kevin and Alina __________ here, we should be very happy.
A. are B. had been C. were D. have been
答案： C
79. I should have attended Sarah’s birthday party. But you know ... how I wish I __________ there!
A. went B. had been C. have been D. was
答案： B
80. If it __________ snow tomorrow, they would have to stay indoors.
A. was to B. should C. were D. is to
答案： B
81. Peter would certainly have attended the lecture __________.
A. had his car not been out of order B. were his car not out of order
C. if his car were not out of order D. if his car were in good order
答案： A
82. If Mr. Morrison __________ time, he will certainly help us.
A. has B. had C. had had D. would have
答案： 请注意后半句he will certainly help me。这不是虚拟语气的句子。这 里的if从句是一个状语从句的真实条件句。 (答案A)
83. It is required that she __________ at six sharp.
A. will arrive B. arrive C. arrived D. would arrive
答案： B
84. --I’m going to Canada next month.
--I wish I __________ time to go with you.
A. have B. will have C. had D. would have
答案： 在wish后的宾语从句的虚拟语气是个难点。我们知道在wish后的 宾语从句要用虚拟语气，其谓语动词用“过去时表示对现在和将来的 愿望”，用“过去完成时表示对过去的愿望”。但是当谓语动词是个情 态动词时，用would／could do表示对现在和将来的“肯”和“能”。用 would／could have done表示对过去的“肯”和“能”。请看例句：
I wish she came to my party tomorrow．我希望他明天将来我的聚会。 (但是他明天不会来。)
I wish she had come to my party yesterday．我希望他昨天来我的聚 会。(但是他昨天没有来。)
I wish she would come to my party tomorrow．我希望他明天肯(愿意)来我的聚会。(但是他明天不愿意来。)
I wish she would have come to my party yesterday．我希望他昨天肯 (愿意)来我的聚会。[但是他昨天不肯(愿意)来。]
本题如果选C．I wish I had time to go with you．意思是：我希望我将 有时间和你一起去。本题如果选D．I wish I would have time to go with you．意思是：我希望我肯有时间和你一起去。“肯有时间”不合 逻辑。 (答案C)
85. Had he started earlier, he __________.
A. would catch the train B. would have caught the train
C. could catch the train D. must have caught the train
答案： B
86. "I would have come sooner had it been possible. But I __________ that you were waiting. "
A. didn’t know B. hadn’t known C. hasn’t known D. haven’t known
答案： A
87. " __________ them if you had been rich "
A. You would help B. Would you help C. You would have helped D. Would you have helped
答案： D
88. "Gary, I wish you __________ so much. "
A. aren’t drinking B. won’t drink C. don’t drink D. didn’t drink
答案： D
89. --Why didn’t you go to the concert last Friday
--I was busy. I wish that I __________.
A. did go B. could have gone C. could go D. went
答案： B
90. The order that all the soldiers __________ cross the river before dark has come.
A. must B. had to C. ought to D. should
答案： D
91. Without the air to hold’ some of the sun’s heat, the earth at night __________, to cold for us to live.
A. would be freezing cold B. will be freezing coldly
C. would be frozen cold D. can freeze coldly
答案： A
92. __________ for the free tickets, I would not have gone to the films so often.
A. If it is not B. Were it not C. Had it not been D. If they were not
答案： C
93. Yesterday Jane walked away from the discussion. Otherwise, she __________ something she would regret later.
A. had said B. said C. might say D. might have said
答案： 本句的otherwise代替一个if从句：otherwise=if Jane had not walked away from the discussion。这是个前半句是陈述语气，后半句是虚拟 语气过去时的句子。本题意思是：昨天简在讨论中走了，如果不走的 话，她可能会说一些她以后会后悔的话。 (答案D)
94. What would have happened __________, as far as the river bank
A. Bob had walked farther B. if Bob should walk farther
C. had Bob walked farther D. if Bob walked farther
答案： C
95. If you __________ your project, you can finish it tomorrow.
A. didn’t finish B. should not have finished
C. haven’t finished D. will not finish
答案： C
96. "How I wish I __________ young as you are!" the old man said sadly.
A. am B. were C. should be D. would be
答案： B
97. Was it strange that she __________ when she got that good new
A. should cry B. has cried C. would cry D. might have cried
答案： A
98. Her smiling face suggested that she __________ satisfied with his answer.
A. was B. were C. had been D. should be
答案： A
99. If you __________ carefully at yesterday’s class, you __________ be able to do this exercise now.
A. listened ... will be B. had listened ... would be
C. would have listened ... should have been D. were listening ... would have been
答案： B
100. If I __________ at the very beginning that you are not a well-educated person, I __________ you so much.
A. know ... should not help B. would know ... should not help
C. knew ... should not have helped D. had known ... should not have helped
答案： D
2014高考语文作文素材：计较
一日，一位大师在一棵树下给弟子们讲道。
讲道的课题是《计较》。大师声情并茂地讲解着。突然，一件意想不到的事情发生了：树枝上一只鸟雀拉下的粪便不偏不倚地落到大师的头顶上。众弟子惊得目瞪口呆。只见大师依旧从容不迫地微笑着继续讲道，仿佛鸟的粪便根本没有落到他的头上。
最后，大师给满脸狐疑的弟子解释：“鸟的粪便已经落到我的头上，我不必跟一只鸟儿计较，自找烦恼。因为，你若跟烦恼计较，烦恼会跟你计较；你若跟快乐计较，快乐也会跟你计较。所以，我选择跟快乐计较。”
【素材点拨】生活就像大山深处的回音一样，你笑，你听到的回音也是笑；你哭，必然回音呈现给你的也是哭。所以，面对生活中的一些烦恼，不防大度地一笑而过，你不给生活计较，生活又怎能给你计较呢？
【适用主题】心态；笑对生活；生活的回音……
21世纪教育网 -- 中国最大型、最专业的中小学教育资源门户网站。 版权所有@21世纪教育网
【助力2014高考】英语语法小题特训：虚拟语气
--Can I borrow your "Kids Typing" CD-ROM
--I’d get it for you __________ I could remember who last borrowed it.
A. except that B. if only C. on condition that D. considering whether
答案： B
2. After the surgery, the old lady looked as if she __________ ten years younger.
A. be B. is C. had been D. were
答案： D
3. Mrs. Morrison __________ a good salary in an office job instead of staying at home, but she decided not to work for the sake of her children.
A. must have made B. could make C. would make D. could have made
答案： 这是一个表示“过去”的虚拟语气的句子。在but前是虚拟语气，在but 后是陈述语气。but后的句子等于一个if从句：
…but she decided not to work for the sake of her children．
=if she had decided to work，这时，就成了一个标准的虚拟语气的句 子： ‘
If she had decided to work，Mrs．Morrison could have made a good salary in an office job instead of staying at home．
本题意为：如果Morrison太太当初决定去工作的话，她会在一家写字 间赚一份很好的工资，但是她为了她的孩子，决定不工作。 (答案D)
4. Five minutes earlier, and we __________ the last subway train.
A. ought to have caught B. must have caught
C. could have caught D. could catch
答案： 这里的Five minutes earlier意思是“如果早五分钟的话”，代替了一个虚 拟语气的it从句：If we had left five minutes earlier。所以这是个虚拟 语气的过去时的句子。根据公式，要用would／should／could／might +原型动词。选项A．ought to have caught是情态动词表示“该做的事 没有做”。could have caught意思是“没有赶上”。 (答案C)
5. __________, we should have gone on a trip to the mountain.
A. If the weather were not bad B. Whether the weather was bad or not
C. But for the fact that the weather was bad D. Despite the bad weather
答案： But for意思是“要没有……”，后跟名词，后面的句子要用虚拟语气。 从后半句的we should have gone on a trip to the mountain我们可以看 出这是个过去时的虚拟语气：
But for your help．1 would have failed in the Maths exam．
请参考本章第16句。 (答案C)
6. It is essential that human beings __________ ways and means to protect the environment.
A. should adopt B. have adopted C. would adopt D. will have adopted
答案： A
7. __________ it rain tomorrow, we would have to put off the visit to the Botanical Gardens.
A. Were B. Should C. Would D. If
答案： 请注意虚拟语气将来时if从句的用法：
(1)If she came tomorrow，we would be very happy．
(2)If she should come tomorrow，we would be very happy．
(3)If she were to come tomorrow，we would be very happy．
上面的第(2)和第(3)句可以倒装：
If she should come tomorrow，we would be very happy．
=Should she come tomorrow．we would be very happy．
If she were to come tomorrow，we would be very happy．
=Were she to come tomorrow，we would be very happy．
本题如不倒装是这样的：
If it should rain tomorrow，we would have to put off the visit to the Botanical Gardens．
请参考本章第74，80句。 (答案B)
8. He has suggested that Miss Li __________ action at once before it is too late.
A. take B. takes C. will take D. would take
答案： A
9. I would have paid a visit to you __________ possible.
A. if it were B. would it be C. had it been D. should it have been
答案： 本句的倒装情况和第8句一样：if it had been possible=had it been possible。前面句子I would have paid a visit to you是虚拟语气的过去 时，所以要用if it had been possible。 (答案C)
10. She could have passed the exam, but she __________ hard enough.
A. didn’t study B. hadn’t studies C. doesn’t study D. would not study
答案： 这个句子的前半句是虚拟语气的过去时，在but后要用陈述语气，表 示一个“事实”。用一般过去时即可：
I would have bought that computer，but I didn’t have enough money．
=1 would have bought that computer if I had had enough money．
She would have come to the dinner，but she was busy at that time．
=She would have come to the dinner if she had not been busy at that time． (答案A)
11. The two strangers talked as if they __________ friends for years.
A. should B. would be C. have been D. had been
答案： D
12. Would he __________ to our help if he were here
A. have come B. be coming C. comes D. come.
答案： D
13. --Do you think the thief entered through the door
--No. If he had, I don’t believe, __________ broken the living room window.
A. would he have B. he had C. he would have D. he has
答案： C
14. I was very busy that day. Otherwise I __________ part in the debating.
A. would take B. had taken C. took D. would have taken
答案： 本句的otherwise意思是“要不然的话”，代替了一句if从句：if I had not been busy that day，所以主句要用过去时的虚拟语气。 (答案D)
15. As a good student, he __________ to college last year, yet he got ill then and couldn’t take the entrance examinations.
A. might have gone B. could have gone C. must have gone D. should go
答案： 这是个比较难的题目。选项A．he might have gone to college last year表示对过去的猜测，意思是“他可能已经上了大学”。但是后半句 说：yet he got ill then and couldn’t take the entrance examinations．他 生病了，没法参加高考。所以选项A错。选项C．he must have gone to college last year，表示对过去的猜测，意思更肯定，“他一定已经上 了大学”。但是根据后半句，他不可能进大学，错。选项D．he should go to college last year只表示他“应该进大学”，也错。选项B．he could have gone to college last year是虚拟语气过去时，意思是“他没 有进大学”：
He could have gone to college last year．yet he got m then and couldn’t take the entrance examinations．
=If he hadn’t got ill and taken the entrance examinations．he could have gone to college last year． (答案B)
16. He was late for class today. But for the heavy rain, he __________ an hour earlier.
A. could come B. could have come C. were to come D. should come
答案： B
17. The judge ordered that the thief __________ punished.
A. would be B. should be C. was to be D. must be
答案： B
18. I would have told him the answer had it been possible, but I simply __________ no time.
A. had had B. had been C. had D. would have had
答案： C
19. Susan couldn’t have written to Scott, or he __________ received her letter.
A. has B. had C. would have D. could have
答案： 本句中前半句是个情态动词“对过去否定的猜测”：Susan couldn’t have written to Scott意思是"Susan当初不可能写信给Scott”。本句 的关键词是or，它代替一个虚拟语气的if从句，意思是“如果当初 Susan给Scott写信的话”：or=if Susan had written to Scott。这时， 后面的主句要用虚拟语气的过去时，从理论上来说，谓语动词可以用 would／should／could／might + have done。所以本题的答案在C和D 之间。用would意思是“就会……”。用could意思是“有能力做……”。 对于“收到信件”来说，不存在“有没有能力”的问题。 (答案C)
20. He insisted that she __________ right in doing that.
A. be B. is C. was D. had been
答案： 在insist后面的宾语从句中，动词可以用虚拟语气，也可以不用虚拟语 气。当从句里有“把说话人的意志强加到听话人的头上”时，用虚拟语 气，其动词通常是个“动作动词”。动词用should+原型动词，should 可以省略。当从句的动词是个“状态”时，不用虚拟语气，该用什么时 态就用什么时态：
He insisted that his daughter (should) play the piano for 5 hours a day．
He insisted that he was not hungry at that time．
本题不是虚拟语气。 (答案C)
21. He was very angry with himself yesterday, otherwise he __________ with you.
A. would go B. could go C. would have gone D. had gone
答案： C
22. Without your help, We __________.
A. would not have succeeded B. would not succeeds
C. would have not succeeded D. could not have been succeeded
答案： A
23. He demanded that the laboratory report __________ immediately after the experiment was done.
A. was written B. be written C. must be written D. would be written
答案： B
24. It was ordered that no smoking __________ in the library.
A. is allowed B. allowed C. should be allowed D. will be allowed
答案： C
25. If she __________ hard at English in the past, she __________ So well as a secretary in a large company now.
A. hadn’t worked ... wouldn’t have worked B. didn’t work ... wouldn’t work
C. hadn’t worked ... wouldn’t work D. didn’t work ... wouldn’t have worked
答案： 这是一句错纵时态的虚拟语气句。if从句是过去时，主句是现在时。 错纵时态的虚拟语气句一般都有时间状语，如本句中的in the past和 now。 (答案C)
26. --You realize that you were driving at 100 mph, don’t you
--No, officer. I __________. This ear can’t do more than 80.
A. didn’t need to be B. might not have been
C. Couldn’t have been D. shouldn’t have been
答案： 选项A．I didn’t need to be意思是“我当初没有必要”。后面的句子
说：This car can’t do more than 80．这车最多一小时跑80英里。不 符逻辑，所以A错。选项B．I might not have been(driving at 100 mph)是虚拟语气过去时，意思是“我当初是开了一小时100英里”。 选项D．I shouldn’t have been(driving at 100 mph)是虚拟语气过去 时，表示不该做的事做了，意思是“我当初是开了一小时100英里”。 选项C．I couldn’t have been(driving at 100 mph)是情态动词，表示 对过去的否定的猜测，意思是“我当初不可能开一小时100英里”，因 为“这车最多一小时跑80英里。” (答案C)
27. --John wants to see you today.
--I would rather he __________ tomorrow than today.
A. comes B. came C. should come D. had come
答案： 在would rather后的宾语从句中要用虚拟语气。其谓语动词用“过去 时表示对现在和将来的愿望”，用“过去完成时表示对过去的愿望”。 本句中有tomorrow，所以用过去时：
I would rather(that)he came tomorrow than today．
=1 wish(that)he came tomorrow than today．
本题意为：我希望他明天来而不是今天来。 (答案B)
28. It’s time the child __________ how to behave properly.
A. is learning B. learns C. learned D. to learn
答案： 在It is time(that)后的从句中也要用虚拟语气。其谓语动词用“过去 时表示将来”。如：
It is time(that)you went to bed．
It is high time(that)she did her homework．
请参照本章第30句。 (答案C)
29. --Would you join us. in the game
-- I wish I __________, but I’m busy __________ my lessons now.
A. can ... with B. shall ... for C. did ... at D. could ... doing
答案： D
30. It is time that you __________ on this problem.
A. are speaking B. will speak C. must speak D. spoke
答案： D
31. He __________ not well yesterday, or he __________ you with your experiment.
A. were ... would have helped B. had been ... would have helped
C. was ... would have helped D. was ... had helped
答案： 前半句He was not well yesterday是个陈述语气，动词的过去时表示 过去。or意思是“要不然的话”，相当于一个虚拟语气的if从句：
or = if he had been well yesterday
后半句就要用虚拟语气主句的过去时：
…he would have helped you with your experiment． (答案C)
32. Patrick __________ a rich man today if he had been more careful in the past.
A. would be B. should have be C. will be D. was
答案： A
33. Now, children, it’s time you
A. being to dress B. have to dress C. will get dressed D. got dressed
答案： D
34. If you had asked him beforehand, you __________ what to do tomorrow.
A. would know B. should have known C. could have known D. knew
答案： A
35. If you had asked the teacher for explanation, you __________ difficulty now.
A. wouldn’t have had B. would have had C. wouldn’t have D. would have
答案： C
36. --What are you going to study next year
--I don’t know, but it’s time __________ something.
A. I decide B. I decided C. I’ll decide D. I’d decide
答案： B
37. The doctor ordered that Tom __________ home for a month.
A. stays at B. would stay in C. stay at D. should stay in
答案： C
38. I wish I __________ at the meeting the day before.
A. attended B. would be C. could have been D. had attended
答案： 这是个有“陷阱”的题目。请注意attend是个及物动词，如果用了 attend就不能用attend at the meeting，所以选项A和D错。选项B 是现在时，选项C是过去时。因为有了the day before，所以要用表示 过去的虚拟语气could have been。 (答案C)
39. They suggested __________ right away.
A. to discuss the problem B. the problem to be discussed
C. the problem discussed D. that the problem be discussed
答案： D
40. Had we not used and out-of date time table, we __________ the train.
A. would miss B. would have not missed C. had missed D. would not have missed
答案： D
41. The teacher suggested that everyone __________ there on foot.
A. went B. would go C. go D. goes
答案： C
42. --It is raining, and I haven’t got an umbrella.
--Here is mine. And I insist __________ it.
A. that you take B. you to take C. that you taking D. you taking
答案： A
43. --Jack wants to see you today.--I wish he __________ tomorrow.
A. comes B. came C. should come D. has come
答案： B
44. Almost all his friends suggested __________ Mr. Hood at once.
A. that he visits B. to him to visit C. that he visit D. to him for visiting
答案： C
45. He could have passed the exam if he __________ harder.
A. has worked B. worked C. had worked D. was working
答案： C
46. She thinks that he __________ careful next time.
A. be B. shouldn’t have been C. would D. should be
答案： 在think后的宾语从句是不用虚拟语气的，所以选项A错。选项B．
he shouldn’t have been careful next time中的shouldn’t have been表 示过去，不能用在next time的句子中，所以选项B错。选项C．he would careful缺动词，也错。 (答案D)
47. They insist that the manager himself __________ to that important meeting.
A. to go B. going C. should go D. went
答案： C
48. The policeman demanded that he __________ down his name immediately.
A. writes B. wrote C. had written D. write
答案： D
49. I’d rather Miss Liu __________ anything for the time being.
A. do B. doesn’t do C. did D. didn’t do
答案： 在I’d rather后的宾语从句要用虚拟语气。其谓语动词的用法和 wish后的宾语从句的用法一样：
I’d rather(that)he came tomorrow．
=1 wish(that)he came tomorrow．
I’d rather(that)they had made fewer mistakes in yesterday’s test．
=1 wish(that)they had made fewer mistakes in yesterday’s test．
本句的for the time being意思是“暂时”。 (答案D)
50. I would have invited her to the party but I __________ her well.
A. don’t know B. didn’t know C. doesn’t know D. hadn’t known
答案： B
51. How nice it __________ if I __________ a Sister like you!
A. will be ... have B. is ... have C. will be ... had D. would be ... had
答案： D
52. He suggested __________ there alone.
A. she go B. she went C. her go D. she going
答案： A
53. Here’s our suggestion that the sports meet __________ next month.
A. should hold B. be held C. must be held D. would be held
答案： B
54. The man insisted that he __________ there.
A. should send B. would be sent C. be sent D. sent
答案： C
55. I’m sorry I’m so busy now. I wish I __________ with you.
A. can go B. could go C. had gone D. have gone
答案： B
56. At the meeting everybody was against his suggestion that a new bridge __________ over the river.
A. be built B. must be built C. was to be built D. had to be build
答案： A
57. The teacher demanded that her students __________ their homework on time.
A. finished B. finish C. have to finish D. must finish
答案： B
58. Since his blood pressure is much higher than it should be, his doctor insists that he __________ smoke.
A. will not B. does not C. would not D. not
答案： D
59. His happy face suggested that he __________ a good time at the party last night.
A. would have B. should have C. have D. had
答案： 和insist的用法一样，在suggest后面的宾语从句中，动词可以用虚拟 语气，也可以不用虚拟语气。当从句里有“把说话人的意志强加到听 话人的头上”时，用虚拟语气，其动词通常是个“动作动词”。动词用 should+原型动词，should可以省略。当从句的动词是个“状态”时， 不用虚拟语气，该用什么时态就用什么时态。如：
I suggested that your son(should)read English every day．
She suggested that her school was a first-class school．
本题不用虚拟语气，请参照本章第98句。 (答案D)
60. He insisted that the written report __________ before Wednesday.
A. done B. be done C. will be done D. ought to be done
答案： B
61. I feel as if I already __________ inside me all the medicine that could cure the illness.
A. had B. have C. have had D. had had
答案： 这是个有“陷阱”的题目。我们知道在as if后的状语从句要用虚拟语 气，其谓语动词用“过去时表示对现在和将来”；用“过去完成时表示对 过去”。本句意思是“我感到好像我已经吃了能看好我病的所有的 药”，并没有讲到一定要用什么时态，好像用现在时和过去时都可以。 选项A是现在时，选项D是过去时，但请注意already的用法，already 通常要放在助动词的后面。如：
正：I feel as if I had already had all the medicine．
误：I feel as if I already had had a11 the medicine．所以D错。
本句是个倒装句，如不倒装，应该是：
I feel as if already had all the medicine that could cure the illness inside me． (答案A)
62. Tom would have learned the news if you __________ earlier at that time.
A. came B. would come C. had come D. should come
答案： C
63. Why hasn’t he come __________ on time, we would have to put off the trip.
A. If he doesn’t come B. If he will not come
C. If he should not come D. If he had not come
答案： C
64. It would have been a good match if it __________.
A. didn’t rain B. isn’t raining
C. hadn’t rained D. hasn’t rained
答案： C
65. If he had not gone out in the storm, __________.
A. he will be alive now B. he would be alive now
C. he will have been alive now D. he would have been alive now
答案： B
66. If you __________ early, you might have met him.
A. came B. have come C. had come D. had to come
答案： C
67. You would have succeeded if you __________ trying.
A. keep on B. kept on C. had kept on D. keeping
答案： C
68. If you had attended yesterday’s class, you __________ what to do now.
A. would have known B. know C. would know D. have known
答案： C
69. I would pay you now if I __________ the money.
A. have B. had C. have had D. had had
答案： B
70. If he had asked me, __________ there.
A. I should stay B. I would have stayed
C. I would stay D. I should have been stayed
答案： B
71. The new airport __________ if they had not stopped working on it.
A. would complete B. had been completed
C. had completed D. would have been completed
答案： D
72. If you __________ yesterday, you wouldn’t have met the great writer.
A. would not come B. should not come
C. had not come D. didn’t come
答案： C
73. If we __________ here ten minutes earlier, we __________ the bus.
A. arrived ... would catch B. arrived ... would have caught
C. had arrived ... had caught D. had arrived ... would have caught
答案： D
74. If it __________ tomorrow, what would we do
A. rains B. were to rain C. would rain D. rain
答案： B
75. She __________ if she had taken my advice.
A. wouldn’t have failed B. would fail C. hadn’t failed D. didn’t fail
答案： A
76. --Do you have a lap-top
--No, but I wish I __________.
A. have B. had to C. did D. have had
答案： C
77. Had you come five minutes earlier, you __________ the funny story.
A. would have heard B. would hear C. might hear D. must have heard
答案： A
78. If Kevin and Alina __________ here, we should be very happy.
A. are B. had been C. were D. have been
答案： C
79. I should have attended Sarah’s birthday party. But you know ... how I wish I __________ there!
A. went B. had been C. have been D. was
答案： B
80. If it __________ snow tomorrow, they would have to stay indoors.
A. was to B. should C. were D. is to
答案： B
81. Peter would certainly have attended the lecture __________.
A. had his car not been out of order B. were his car not out of order
C. if his car were not out of order D. if his car were in good order
答案： A
82. If Mr. Morrison __________ time, he will certainly help us.
A. has B. had C. had had D. would have
答案： 请注意后半句he will certainly help me。这不是虚拟语气的句子。这 里的if从句是一个状语从句的真实条件句。 (答案A)
83. It is required that she __________ at six sharp.
A. will arrive B. arrive C. arrived D. would arrive
答案： B
84. --I’m going to Canada next month.
--I wish I __________ time to go with you.
A. have B. will have C. had D. would have
答案： 在wish后的宾语从句的虚拟语气是个难点。我们知道在wish后的 宾语从句要用虚拟语气，其谓语动词用“过去时表示对现在和将来的 愿望”，用“过去完成时表示对过去的愿望”。但是当谓语动词是个情 态动词时，用would／could do表示对现在和将来的“肯”和“能”。用 would／could have done表示对过去的“肯”和“能”。请看例句：
I wish she came to my party tomorrow．我希望他明天将来我的聚会。 (但是他明天不会来。)
I wish she had come to my party yesterday．我希望他昨天来我的聚 会。(但是他昨天没有来。)
I wish she would come to my party tomorrow．我希望他明天肯(愿意)来我的聚会。(但是他明天不愿意来。)
I wish she would have come to my party yesterday．我希望他昨天肯 (愿意)来我的聚会。[但是他昨天不肯(愿意)来。]
本题如果选C．I wish I had time to go with you．意思是：我希望我将 有时间和你一起去。本题如果选D．I wish I would have time to go with you．意思是：我希望我肯有时间和你一起去。“肯有时间”不合 逻辑。 (答案C)
85. Had he started earlier, he __________.
A. would catch the train B. would have caught the train
C. could catch the train D. must have caught the train
答案： B
86. "I would have come sooner had it been possible. But I __________ that you were waiting. "
A. didn’t know B. hadn’t known C. hasn’t known D. haven’t known
答案： A
87. " __________ them if you had been rich "
A. You would help B. Would you help C. You would have helped D. Would you have helped
答案： D
88. "Gary, I wish you __________ so much. "
A. aren’t drinking B. won’t drink C. don’t drink D. didn’t drink
答案： D
89. --Why didn’t you go to the concert last Friday
--I was busy. I wish that I __________.
A. did go B. could have gone C. could go D. went
答案： B
90. The order that all the soldiers __________ cross the river before dark has come.
A. must B. had to C. ought to D. should
答案： D
91. Without the air to hold’ some of the sun’s heat, the earth at night __________, to cold for us to live.
A. would be freezing cold B. will be freezing coldly
C. would be frozen cold D. can freeze coldly
答案： A
92. __________ for the free tickets, I would not have gone to the films so often.
A. If it is not B. Were it not C. Had it not been D. If they were not
答案： C
93. Yesterday Jane walked away from the discussion. Otherwise, she __________ something she would regret later.
A. had said B. said C. might say D. might have said
答案： 本句的otherwise代替一个if从句：otherwise=if Jane had not walked away from the discussion。这是个前半句是陈述语气，后半句是虚拟 语气过去时的句子。本题意思是：昨天简在讨论中走了，如果不走的 话，她可能会说一些她以后会后悔的话。 (答案D)
94. What would have happened __________, as far as the river bank
A. Bob had walked farther B. if Bob should walk farther
C. had Bob walked farther D. if Bob walked farther
答案： C
95. If you __________ your project, you can finish it tomorrow.
A. didn’t finish B. should not have finished
C. haven’t finished D. will not finish
答案： C
96. "How I wish I __________ young as you are!" the old man said sadly.
A. am B. were C. should be D. would be
答案： B
97. Was it strange that she __________ when she got that good new
A. should cry B. has cried C. would cry D. might have cried
答案： A
98. Her smiling face suggested that she __________ satisfied with his answer.
A. was B. were C. had been D. should be
答案： A
99. If you __________ carefully at yesterday’s class, you __________ be able to do this exercise now.
A. listened ... will be B. had listened ... would be
C. would have listened ... should have been D. were listening ... would have been
答案： B
100. If I __________ at the very beginning that you are not a well-educated person, I __________ you so much.
A. know ... should not help B. would know ... should not help
C. knew ... should not have helped D. had known ... should not have helped
答案： D
2014高考语文作文素材：计较
一日，一位大师在一棵树下给弟子们讲道。
讲道的课题是《计较》。大师声情并茂地讲解着。突然，一件意想不到的事情发生了：树枝上一只鸟雀拉下的粪便不偏不倚地落到大师的头顶上。众弟子惊得目瞪口呆。只见大师依旧从容不迫地微笑着继续讲道，仿佛鸟的粪便根本没有落到他的头上。
最后，大师给满脸狐疑的弟子解释：“鸟的粪便已经落到我的头上，我不必跟一只鸟儿计较，自找烦恼。因为，你若跟烦恼计较，烦恼会跟你计较；你若跟快乐计较，快乐也会跟你计较。所以，我选择跟快乐计较。”
【素材点拨】生活就像大山深处的回音一样，你笑，你听到的回音也是笑；你哭，必然回音呈现给你的也是哭。所以，面对生活中的一些烦恼，不防大度地一笑而过，你不给生活计较，生活又怎能给你计较呢？
【适用主题】心态；笑对生活；生活的回音……
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