牛津译林版(2019)必修一Unit 1 Back to school 单元词汇详解课件(53张ppt)
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| 名称 | 牛津译林版(2019)必修一Unit 1 Back to school 单元词汇详解课件(53张ppt) |  | |
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| 科目 | 英语 | ||
| 更新时间 | 2022-12-01 15:29:37 | ||
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(共53张PPT)
译林牛津英语（2020版）
单元词汇详解
必修一
Unit 1 Back to School
1. potential /p ten l/ n. 潜力；可能性 adj. 潜在的，可能的 (2)
【原句背诵】realizing your potential
Most importantly, your time and effort at senior high school will________________________________(为你的潜能敞开大门).
【词形转换】potentially adv. 可能地；潜在地
【联想拓展】
market potential [经]市场潜力；市场潜在需求量
development potential 发展潜力；发展前景
growth potential 增长潜力；生长势
potential customer 潜在的顾客
potential demand 潜在需要
potential impact 潜在影响
open the door to your potential
【语境助记】
First we need to identify actual and potential problems. 首先，我们需要弄清实际的问题和潜在的问题。
The company has identified 60 potential customers. 该公司已确定了60位潜在的客户。
We are aware of the potential problems and have taken every precaution.我们意识到了潜在的问题，已经采取了一切防范措施。
Mountain climbing is becoming a popular sport, but it is also a ____________ dangerous one.
登山正在成为一项流行的运动，但它也是一项潜在的危险运动。
potentially
【链接高考】
（2021新高考I卷）The ability to accurately understand how others are feeling may be used by a doctor_________(find) how best to help her patients, while a cheater might use it to control potential victims. 准确理解他人感受的能力可能被医生用来找出如何最好地帮助她的病人，而骗子可能会利用这种能力来控制潜在的受害者。
(2018江苏卷）Investment in arts could produce potential positive economic results. 投资艺术会产生潜在的积极经济成果。
（2014江苏卷，完形填空）During this period Dale was slowly 44 (developing) an inferiority complex (自卑感), which his mother knew could _________(prevent) him from ___________(achieve) his real potential. 在此期间戴尔慢慢产生了自卑感，他的母亲知道这会阻碍他发挥他的真正潜力。
to find
prevent
achieving
2. senior / si ni (r)/ adj. 中学的（招收 11 或13 岁以上学生）；级别高的；高级水平的；老年的 n. 级别（或地位）较高者；较…年长的人；高水平运动员 (2)【原句背诵】
The speech below was given to new senior high school students by their principal, Mr Xu, on the first day of term.
Hello, everyone! Welcome to___________________(高中)!
【反义词】junior / d u ni (r)/ adj. （学校）为 11 或 13岁以下儿童设立的；地位（或级别）低的；青少年的 n. 职位较低者；青少年运动员 (5)
【警示误区】在表示“比……级别高（低）/地位高（低）；比……年长（轻）”时，要用介词to，不用than。
My brother _______________me by two years. 家兄比我年长两岁。
相似形容词：inferior, previous, prior, superior等都和to连用。
senior high school
is senior to
【语境助记】
I have ten years’ experience at __________________________level. 我有十年的高层管理经验。
The meeting should be chaired by the most senior person___________. 会议应由在座的职位最高的人主持。
_____________________usually work alongside more senior nurses. 初级护士通常和较高级的护士一起工作。
【链接高考】
（2019江苏卷）To enjoy the convenience of digital payment, ____________citizens started to use smart phones. 为了享受数字支付的便利，很多老年人开始使用智能手机。
（2014江苏卷）By the time Dale was a senior, he had won every top honor in __________ (speak) .到戴尔大四的时候，他已经赢得了演讲方面的所有最高荣誉。
（2016北京卷）Moreover, I completed the ____________of Computer Basics, plus five relevant pre-college courses.此外，我还完成了计算机基础的高级课程，以及五门相关的大学预科课程。
senior management
present
Junior nurses
many senior
speech
senior course
3. path /pɑ θ/ n. 道路；小路；成功的途径
4. challenge / t l nd / n. & vt. 挑战；质疑
5. thinking / θ k / n. 思维，思想；想法 thought n.思索, 主意；念头
【原句背诵】
The path before you leads to a world ____________________: a new environment, new knowledge and new ways_________________. （充满挑战）
【词性转换】
challengeable adj. 有挑战力的；可受挑战的；可受质疑的
challenging adj.有挑战性的；要求高的
【联想拓展】
meet the challenge 迎接挑战；满足要求
rise to the challenge 接受挑战，奋起应付挑战
take up the challenge 应战
full of challenges
of thinking
【语境助记】
The role will be__________________________ of his acting career.
扮演这个角色将是他演艺生涯中最大的挑战。
Destruction of the environment is one of _______________________________we face. 环境的破坏是我们所面临的最严峻的挑战之一。
Schools must ___________________the challenge of new technology (= deal with it successfully) . 学校必须迎接新技术的挑战。
She does not like anyone challenging her authority. 她不喜欢任何人挑战她的权威。
The study of consciousness is difficult, and ____________________as well for psychological researchers.
意识研究是心理学中的一大难点，也是一项富有挑战性的工作。
the biggest challenge
the most serious challenges
meet/face
challengeable
6. positive / p z t v/ adj. 积极乐观的；良好的，正面的 (2)【熟词生义】（电）正极；阳性
1. However, for those of you with a positive mind, opportunity lies in each challenge.
2. When you rise to the challenges, you will have the opportunity to acquire great knowledge and enjoy personal growth.
positively adv. 积极地，乐观地 positiveness n. 信心；肯定；确定；积极性
【联想拓展】
positive effect 积极的效果；明显效果 positive attitude 积极态度
positive influence 正面影响，积极影响
positive pressure 正压力 positive feedback 正反馈 positive change 正向的改变
positive factor 积极的因素；正因素 positive action 积极行动；强制作用
positive energy 正能量；正面能量
in a positive way 用积极的方法；从正面
positive and negative 正反；肯定和否定
positive and negative effects 正负作用
【反义词】positive的反义词是negative / neɡ t v/ adj. 缺乏热情的；负面的，消极的
【熟词生义】（电）负极；阴性
7. opportunity / p tju n ti/ n. 机会，时机 (2)
seize the opportunity 抓住机遇，抓住机会
rare opportunity 稀有机会，难得机会
equal opportunity 机会均等
opportunity cost 机会成本
take the opportunity 利用机会，抓住机会
unique opportunity 唯一机会；极难得的机会
employment opportunity 就业机会
job opportunity 工作机会，就业机会
investment opportunity 投资机会
economic opportunity 经济机会
opportunity to perform 实践的机会；表现机会
equal employment opportunity 同等就业机会，均等就业机会
8. lie in 存在于，在于 (2)
However, for those of you with a positive mind, opportunity lies in each challenge.
【联想拓展】
lie in（位置）在……内部
lie to（位置）在……外部
lie on（位置）位于……（接壤）
The town lies on the coast. 这个小镇位于海边。
【误区】表示位置关系时，范围不同时，介词也不同。
Japan lies to the east of China. 日本位于中国的东面。
Japan lies in the east of Asia. 日本位于亚洲的东部。
9. rise to 能够处理 (2)
10. acquire / kwa (r)/ vt. 获得，得到 (2)
When you rise to the challenges, you will have the opportunity to acquire great knowledge and enjoy personal growth.
【词形转换】
acquisition / kw z n/ n. （知识、技能等的）获得，得到；
acquirement n. 取得；学得；才能；成就
【联想拓展】
acquire knowledge and skills 获得知识和技巧；求得知识；获取知识
acquire a reputation for…赢得声誉
11. effort / ef t/ n. 努力，费力的事；试图 (2)
【原句背诵】Most importantly, your time and effort at senior high school will open the door to your potential.
【联想拓展】
in an effort to 企图（努力想）；试图要
make every effort 尽一切努力
make an effort 努力，作出努力
spare no effort to do something 不遗余力；抽出；宽容；节省
joint effort 共同努力
without effort 毫不费力
team effort 团队合作，团队努力的结果
put effort into something 对某事付出极大的力气
12. advance / d vɑ ns/ n. 进步，进展；前进，行进 vt. & vi. 发展，进步 (3)
Who knows what beautiful works of art you will create, what medical advances you will make or what amazing technologies you will develop!
【词形转换】
advanced adj. 先进的；高级的，高等的；高龄的
【联想拓展】
in advance adv. 预先，提前
in advance of 超过；在……前面
with the advance of 随着……的增加；随着(时间)的推移
on the advance (物价)在上涨
advance notice 预先通知
make advances 接近；预付；取得进步
advance development 先期发展；超前掘进
advance with the times 与时俱进；与时代发展同步伐
13. amazing / me z / adj. 令人大为惊奇的，令人惊喜的 (3)
Who knows what beautiful works of art you will create, what medical advances you will make or what amazing technologies you will develop!
【词形转换】
amazingly adv. 令人惊奇地
amaze / me z/ v. 使惊奇，使惊愕
amazed adj. 惊讶的；惊奇的
amazedly adv. 惊奇地，吃惊地
amazement n. 惊讶；惊喜
【联想拓展】
an amazing achievement/discovery/success/performance 惊人的成就╱发现╱成功╱表演
be amazed (at/by sb/sth)
be amazed (how/that...)
be amazed (to see, find, learn, etc.) 大为惊奇
to one’s amazement 让某人惊奇
14. confidence / k nf d ns/ n. 信心，信任；把握
The possibilities are endless, and I have confidence in your ability to make a difference to your family, to your community and to our country.(3)
【词形转换】
confident / k nf d nt/ adj.自信的；有自信心的；有把握的
confidently adv. 自信地；安心地
【联想拓展】
with confidence 满怀信心地
consumer confidence 消费信任度
have confidence in 对…有信心
in confidence 秘密地
build confidence 树立信心
be confident in sth. 对某事有信心
be confident about/of (doing) sth. 对(做)某事有把握
be confident that... 确信；肯定；自信
15. make a difference 起作用，有影响 (3)
The possibilities are endless, and I have confidence in your ability to make a difference to your family, to your community and to our country.
【联想拓展】
make a big/a great deal of/a lot of difference (to sb./sth.) (对某人/某事)有很大的影响(作用)；很重要
make no difference(to sb./sth.) (对某人/某事)没有影响；没有作用
make some difference有些作用(关系、影响)
【语境助记】
I wanted to ________________________in the world somehow, but I had no idea how to do that. 我想以某种方式在世界上有所作为，但我不知道该怎么做。
They have a different kind of superpower that all of us possess the power to _________________________in the lives of others. 他们拥有我们所有人都有的另一种超能力: 改变其他人的生活的能力。
make a difference
make a difference
17. make the most of 充分利用，尽情享受 (3)
18. resource /r s s/ n. 资源；资料；谋略 (3)
To fully realize your potential，it is important for you to make the most of our school resources.
【词形转换】
resourceful adj. 资源丰富的；足智多谋的；机智的
resourceless adj. 无资力的；无方略的
resourcefully adv. 机智地
【联想拓展】
make use of利用；使用
make good/full/little use of 好好/充分/不充分利用 make the best of 充分利用
water resource 水资源 natural resource 自然资源
tourism resource 旅游资源；观光资源 economic resource 经济资源
renewable resource 可再生资源
inner resources 内在力量；精神财富
resource allocation 资源分配
resource management 资源管理
resource sharing 资源共享，资源分配
resource conservation/protection 资源保护；资源保育
19. take advantage of 利用 (3)
20. facility /f s l ti/ n. 设施，设备；场所 (3)【熟词生义】（学习、做事的）天资，才能，天赋
Take advantage of your classes, learn from your teachers and classmates, and make use of our school facilities.
【联想拓展】
take full advantage of充分利用
sports/leisure facilities 体育╱消闲设施
conference facilities 会议设施
shopping/banking/cooking facilities 商店╱银行设施；炊事设备
have a facility for something 有天赋
21. equal / i kw l/ adj. 相等的；平等的；相当的n. 同等的人（物）linking v. 与…相等
22. attitude / t tju d/ n. 态度，看法 (3)
Of equal importance are good study habits, useful skills and a positive attitude.
【词形转换】equality n. 平等；相等;equally adv. adv.（程度）相当地，同样地；平均地，相等地；（用于补充观点）同样（重要）地
【拓展】
is equal to 等于 equal opportunity 机会均等 equal treatment 平等对待
equal right 平等权利 equal pay （男女）同工同酬
the equal of 与…相等；和…匹敌 be without equal/have no equal无敌；无与伦比
racial/social/sexual equality 种族╱社会╱男女平等 equality of opportunity 机会均等
the principle of equality before the law (= the law treats everyone the same) 法律面前人人平等的原则
to have a good/bad/positive/negative attitude towards sb/sth 对某人（或事物）持好的╱坏的╱肯定的╱否定的态度
23. goal /ɡ l/ n. 目标；进球得分 (3)
24. balance / b l ns/ vt. 同等重视；（使）保 持平衡；权衡重要性n. 均衡，平衡；平衡能力 (3)
【原句背诵】Carefully plan your study, set clear goals and balance your schoolwork with other activities.
【词形转换】
balanced adj. 平稳的；安定的；和谐的
imbalance n. 不平衡；失衡
【联想拓展】
（1）
strategic goal 战略目标 common goal 共同目标 primary goal 首要目标
long-term goal 长期目标 short-term goal 短期目标；近期
set a goal 确立一个目标 score a goal 踢进一球；得一分
goal programming 目标规划；目标程序设计
（2）
keep one’s balance 保持平衡
lose one’s balance 失去平衡
out of balance 不平衡
destroy the balance of nature 破坏自然平衡
25. improve / m pru v/ vt. & vi. 改进，改善 (3)
As a senior high school student, you must make efforts to improve your communication and problem-solving skills.
【词形转换】
improvement n. 改善，改进
improved adj. 改良的；改进过的
【联想拓展】
improve efficiency 提高效率
to improve the environment 改善环境
improve the comprehensive quality 提高综合素质
improve the investment climate 改善投资环境
a significant/substantial/dramatic improvement 重要的╱实质的╱巨大的改进
a slight/steady improvement 轻微的╱稳定的提升
an improvement in Anglo-German relations 英德关系的改善
improvements to the bus service 公共汽车服务的改善
26. last but not least 最后但同样重要的 (3)
Last but not least, always look on the bright side and never lose hope, even in difficult situations.
【语境助记】
Last but not least, we should call on citizens to take the bus instead of driving a car as much as possible. 最后但同样重要的是，我们应该呼吁市民尽可能选择搭乘公交而非驾车出行。
Last but not least, we are trying our best to satisfy our customers! 最后但同样重要的是，我们正设法尽力去满足我们的顾客！
27. well-rounded / wel ra nd d/ adj. 全面发展的；面面俱到的 (3)
28. individual / nd v d u l/ n. 个人 adj. 单独的，个别的 (3)
In time you will find yourself growing into a well-rounded individual.
【词形转换】
individuality n. 个性；个人（或个体）特征
individually adv. 个别地，单独地
【联想拓展】
individual character 个性；单字
individual income tax [经]个人所得税
individual freedom/liberty 个人自由
individual difference 个体差异
individual characteristics 个人特征
individual behavior 个人行为
individual privacy 个人隐私
individual value 个人价值，个体价值；个别值
individual style 个人风格
individual event 单项；个人项目；单项赛
individual study 自习
29. character / k r kt (r)/ n. 品质，性格；特点；人物，角色；文字 (3)
You need to make a continuous effort to train your mind and develop your character.
【词形转换】
characteristic n. 特征；特性；特色 adj. 典型的；特有的
【联想拓展】
to have a strong/weak character 个性强╱不强
Chinese character 汉字
moral character 品德
main character 主要人物；主要角色
personal character 个性；个人性格
leading character 主角
character education 品格教育，品德教育
character development 品德形成，性状发育
character traits/defects 性格特点╱弱点
30. responsible /r sp ns bl/ adj. 有责任，负责；可靠的 (3)
【原句背诵】Senior high school will help you learn and grow, yet you alone are responsible for realizing your great potential.
【词形转换】
responsibly adv. 认真负责地；负责任；可靠地
responsibility n. 责任，职责；义务
irresponsible adj. 不负责任的，不可靠的
【联想拓展】
be responsible for...对……负责；成为起因
31. ahead / hed/ adv.（时间、空间）向前；提前 (5)
I’ve been told that schoolwork will present more of a(n) (1) challenge in the years ahead, and that the teachers will hold us to higher standards.
【联想拓展】
ahead of 在……之前
ahead of time 提前；提早
ahead of schedule adv. 提前
get ahead 获得成功；取得进步；走在前面
look ahead 预测未来，计划未来
go straight ahead 一直往前走
go ahead with 继续进行，继续
go ahead 前进；进行
push ahead with 向前推进；推动；推进
a step ahead 棋先一招，领先一步
think ahead 事先考虑；预见
32. forward / f w d/ adv. 向将来；向前；进展，前进 (5)
33. look forward to 盼望，期待 (5)
34. independent / nd pend nt/ adj. 自主的，有主见的；自立的 (5)
In fact, I’m looking forward to being more independent and (5) responsible for my own learning.
【词形转换】
independence n. 独立性，自主性；独立
independently adv. 独立地；自立地
【联想拓展】
put forward v. 提出；拿出；放出；推举出
look forward 期待；盼望
bring forward 提出；提前；结转
carry forward 发扬；推进
push forward 推进；抓紧进行
【警示误区】在词组look forward to中，to是介词，后要接名词、代词或动词-ing。
be independent of/from 自由的；不受约束的
35. focus / f k s/ n. 焦点，重点 vt. & vi. 集中 (6)
Setting goals gives you a focus in life.
【联想拓展】
focus on/upon 集中于
focus in 焦点；专注于……
focus of ……的焦点
in focus 清晰；焦点对准
out of focus 焦点没对准的；模糊不清的
bring into focus 使变得清楚
【同义词（组）】center on/upon, concentrate on/upon
36. detail / di te l/ n. 细节；具体情况 (6)
To realize your goals, you need to have a good plan, manage your time well and pay attention to details.
【联想拓展】
in detail 详细地
【语境助记】
He stood still, absorbing every detail of the street. 他一动不动地站着，不放过街上的每一细微之处。
Further details and booking forms are available on request. 备有详细资料和订购单以供索取。
They didn’t give any details about the game. 他们没有提供这场比赛的具体情况。
This issue will be discussed in more detail in the next chapter. 这个问题将在下一章详细论述。
37. as a result of 由于 (6)
As a result of your action, your dream will come true and hopefully (5) you will live a happy life.
【联想拓展】
as a result结果；因此；结果是
含有类似意义的词组：due to由于；归因于 because of 因为；由于
on account of 因为；由于；为了……的缘故
thanks to 由于；幸亏
【警示误区】
as a result是副词短语，单独使用，作状语，可用逗号隔开；as a result of是介词短语，后接名词、代词、动名词以及what引导的宾语从句。
He made one big mistake, and, as a result, lost his job. 他犯了个大错，结果丢了工作。
38. tip /t p/ n. 指点，实用的提示；尖端；小费 (7)
Below are some tips about setting goals.
【联想拓展】
handy tips for buying a computer 购买电脑几点有用的提示
useful tips on how to save money 几个省钱的窍门儿
to leave a tip 留小费
on the tip of your tongue 话在嘴边上（却一时想不起来）
the tip of the iceberg（问题的）冰山一角
【语境助记】
The brochure shows how to prepare a resume, and gives tips on applying for jobs. 手册说明了如何准备一份简历，并提了一些有关求职的建议。
He gave the waiter a generous tip. 他给了服务员很多小费。
39. base /be s/ vt. 以…为基础（依据）n. 根据；基础；基底；总部，大本营 (7)
Instead, you should set goals based on your abilities and skills.
【词形转换】
basis n. 基础；底部；主要成分；基本原则
【联想拓展】
base...on/upon...以……为基础/根据
be based on/upon以……为基础/根据
base...in...以……为据点/总部；把……设在……
on the basis of...根据；基于……
40. remind /r ma nd/ vt. 提醒，使想起 (7)
This will remind you of what you are working for and keep you focused.
【词形转换】
reminder n. 提示，暗示；提醒的人/物
【联想拓展】
remind sb.of/about sth. 提醒某人某事；使某人想起某事
remind sb.to do sth. 提醒某人做某事
remind sb.that ... 使某人想起……；提醒某人……
其他常见的由“v.＋sb.＋of sth.”构成的短语有：
accuse sb. of sth. 控告某人犯某罪，指责某人做某事
convince sb of sth. 使某人确信
cheat sb. of sth. 骗某人某物
cure sb. of sth. 治愈某人的病
inform sb.of sth. 通知某人某事
rob sb.of sth.抢劫某人某物
warn sb.of sth.警告某人某事
41. stick to 坚持；固守，维持 (7)
【原句背诵】
After you set a goal, it is important to stick to it and work hard towards it.
【联想拓展】
stick with 坚持；继续做；保持联系 stick it out 坚持到底
stick together 在一起；团结一致；互相支持
stick on 保持在…之上；贴
stick around v. 逗留；在附近徘徊
stick out 突出；坚持；醒目
stick at v. 坚持；犹豫；努力做
stick up 竖起；伸直；突出
【语境助记】
I managed to stick to the diet and keep off sweet foods. 我设法坚持节食，不吃甜食。
Once a decision has been made, all of us should stick to it. 一旦做了决定，我们就应该坚持。
While in the process you may encounter（遭遇）plenty of failures, but on condition that you stick to the four habits above, you will be absolutely successful sooner or later. 而在这个过程中你可能会遭遇无数次的失败，但只要你坚持以上四个习惯，迟早你一定会成功的。
【警示误区】
在stick to中，to是介词，其后要接名词、代词或动词-ing。
We should stick to the principles and be flexible as well. 我们既要有原则性，也要有灵活性。
42. proposal /pr p zl/ n. 提议，建议，动议 (9)
【原句背诵】
After her conversation with Mr Zhou, Maggie wrote a proposal for a new school club.
【词形转换】
propose v. 提议，建议；提出；计划；求婚
【联想拓展】
to submit/consider/accept/reject a proposal 提交╱审议╱接受╱拒绝一项建议
a proposal to build more office accommodation 增建办公楼的建议
to table a proposal 提出建议
make a proposal 求婚；提议
【警示误区】在proposal引导的表语从句、同位语从句中，从句的谓语动词要用(should)+动词原形，should可以省略。在propose引导的从句中，从句的谓语动词要用(should)+动词原形，should可以省略。
She proposed that the book (should) be banned. 她提议查禁这本书。
It was proposed that the president (should) be elected for a period of two years. 有人提议当选的主席任期为两年。
43. aim /e m/ n. 目的，目标（9）
vi. & vt. 力争做到；目的是；针对 (9)
【原句背诵】
Club aim: To improve short story writing skills
【联想拓展】
（1）the aim of 旨在；瞄准；致力于……
take aim at 瞄准；盯着；注意到；以……为目标
（2）aim at v. 针对；瞄准；目的在于
be aimed at…针对；目的在于
aim for 瞄准；以……为目标
aim high 胸怀大志，力争上游；向高处瞄准
aim low 向低处瞄准(尤指拳击比赛中不道德的打法)；志向不高
aim at doing sth 目的是做……
44. style /sta l/ n. 风格；方式；样式 (9)
45. technique /tek ni k/ n. 技巧，技艺；技能 (9)
46. workshop / w k p/ n. 研讨会，讲习班；车间，作坊 (9)
47. professional /pr fe nl/ adj. 职业的，专业的；有职业的；娴
熟的，精通业务的 n. 专门人员，专业人士 (9)
【原句背诵】
·Read short stories in different styles;
·Write short stories using different techniques;
·Hold workshops to discuss the short stories that club members read and write;
·Invite professional writers to give talks on short story writing
【词形转换】
technical adj. 工艺的，技术的；专业的，专门的
technically adv. 技术上；专门地；学术上；工艺上
technician n. 技师，技术人员
profession n. 职业
48. material /m t ri l/ n. 材料；素材 adj. 物质的，实际的；客观存在的 (9)
40. poster / p st (r)/ n. 海报；（在网络留言板上）发布消息的人 (9)
Materials needed: Paper and pen for each student Make posters and put them up around the school.
【语境助记】
The material can absorb outward-going radiation from the earth. 这种材料可以吸收地球向外辐射的能量。
His novels are a rich source of material for the movie industry. 他的小说为电影业提供了大量素材。
49. secondary / sek ndri/ adj. 中学的；次要的 (11)
50. exchange / ks t e nd / n. & vt. 交换；交流；兑换 (11)
【原句背诵】
Last year, I had the chance to study at a British secondary school as an exchange student.
【词形转换】
secondarily adv. 在其次；在第二，在第二位
exchangeable adj. 可交换的；可兑换的；可替换的
【联想拓展】
(1)in exchange for 作为对……的交换
have/make an exchange of... 交换……
(2)exchange A for B 把A兑换成B
exchange sth. with sb. 与某人交流/交换某物
51. host /h st/ n. 主人；东道主；主持人 vt. 主办；主持 (11)
I stayed with a lovely host family and went to school with their son, Daniel.
【词形转换】
hostess n. 女主人，女老板；女服务员；舞女；女房东
hospitable adj. 好客的，热情友好的；环境适宜的；乐于接受的
【联想拓展】
host country 东道国；主办国；所在国
host city n. 主办城市；举办城市
host computer [计]主机
host family 寄宿家庭；接待留学生的家庭
【熟词生义】a host of 许多，一大群；众多，大量
52. biology /ba l d i/ n. 生物学 (11)
Every student in the UK must study English, Maths and the Science subjects: Biology, Chemistry and Physics.
【词形转换】
biological adj. 生物的；生物学的
biologically adv. 生物学上，生物学地
biologist n. 生物学家
【联想拓展】
the biology of marine animals 海洋动物的生理习性
biological clock生物钟
biological process生物学过程；生化过程
biological diversity生物多样性；生物差异
physiology生理学
psychology心理学
technology工艺学
ecology生态学
zoology n. 动物学
53. tough /t f/ adj. 艰难的；严厉的；坚强的；坚固的 (11)
In the beginning, however, it was still tough for me to remember everyone’s name!
【词形转换】
toughly adv. 固执地；强硬地
toughness n. [力] 韧性；强健；有粘性
toughen vt. &vi.变（使）坚韧；变（使）顽固
【联想拓展】
a tough childhood 苦难的童年
a tough nut 难对付的人；难处理的事
be/get tough on对……苛刻
54. alarm / lɑ m/ n. 闹钟；恐慌；警报；警报器vt. 使惊恐，使害怕 (11)
I like it so much that I still use it as my alarm!
【联想拓展】
alarm system 报警系统
fire alarm 火警；火警警报器
alarm clock 闹钟
ring the alarm 拉警报，敲警钟
in alarm 惊慌，担心
【语境助记】
I felt a growing sense of alarm when he did not return that night. 那天夜里他没有回家，我越来越感到恐慌。
“What have you done ” Ellie cried in alarm. “你都干了些什么？”埃利惊恐地喊道。
55. contribution / k ntr bju n/ n. 贡献；捐款；捐赠 (11)
Class discussion is very important in the UK, but I could not make a great contribution because sometimes I wasn’t able to express myself clearly in English.
【词形转换】
contribute vt. & vi. 贡献；捐献；投稿
contributor n. 贡献者；投稿者；捐助者
【联想拓展】
make a contribution to/towards 捐赠；贡献给；为……做出贡献
contribute to...捐献；投稿；有助于，促成
【警示误区】在contribute to中，to是介词，其后要接名词、代词或动词-ing。
The report says design faults in both the vessels contributed to the tragedy. 报道称两艘船在设计上的缺陷是造成悲剧的原因。
56. fortunately / f t n tli/ adv. 幸运地，幸亏 (11)
Fortunately, my School teachers and classmates were always helpful and gave me lots of encouragement.
【词形转换】
fortunate adj. 幸运的；带来幸运的；富足的；侥幸的
unfortunate adj. 不幸的；令人遗憾的；不成功的
fortune n. 时运，命运；好运，机遇
【反义词】unfortunately adv. 不幸地
【警示误区】fortunately通常放在句首，用来修饰整个句子。
Fortunately he was sent to the hospital in time. If he had been delayed half an hour, he would not have been still alive. 多亏及时送医院，再晚半小时他就没希望了。
57. over time 随着时间流逝，久而久之 (12)
My language skills improved over time.
【联想拓展】over后接时间名词时，其意思是“在……期间”
The number of attacks on the capital had gone down over the past week. 在过去一周里对首都的袭击次数下降了。
He built up the business over a period of ten years. 他用了十年时间把这个企业创建起来。
【语境助记】
Over time, though, Walson’s views gained in popularity. 然而，随着时间的推移，沃森的观点越来越受到赞同。
Over time, however, the technology is diffused（传播）and adopted by other countries. 然而，随着时间的推移，这项技术在其它国家得以传播并使用。
58. option / p n/ n. 可选择的事物，选择；选修课 (12)
59. butter / b t (r)/ n. 黄油 (12)
60. pudding / p d / n. 甜点；布丁 (12)
【原句背诵】
There were lots of options including bread and butter, chicken pie and puddings, but I still missed my mum’s cooking!
【词形转换】
optional adj. 可选择的，随意的
【联想拓展】
an option of doing sthg/to do sthg 可选择的事物；选择；选择权；选择的自由
have no option/choice/alternative but to do...别无选择，只能
【反义词】compulsory adj. 必修的；义务的；被强制的 n. 规定动作；必修课
Certain courses are compulsory, others are optional. 某些课程是必修的，其他是选修的。
61. attract / tr kt/ vt. 吸引，使喜爱；招引；引起（反应） (12)
62. rugby / r ɡbi/ n. 橄榄球运动 (12)
【原句背诵】
After school, there were many clubs to join. The one that attracted me most was the Rugby Club.
词形转换】
attraction n. 吸引，引力；吸引人的事物
attractive adj. 吸引人的；有魅力的；诱人的
attractively adv. 迷人地；有吸引力地；动人地
a tourist attraction 观光胜地
63. calligraphy /k l ɡr fi/ n. 书法，书法艺术（13）
【原句背诵】
1. Chinese Calligraphy is one of the many optional courses offered to students who are interested in traditional art.
2. At the end of each term, students put on a calligraphy show, attracting more students to Chinese calligraphy.
【语境助记】
He takes a special liking for painting and calligraphy. 他对于画画和书法有特别的喜好。
The members of Lanting Calligraphy Club are writing Chinese characters with traditional brushes. 兰亭书法俱乐部的成员们正在用毛笔书写汉字。
【书面表达】
假设你是李华，在美国孔子学院的笔友Jack对汉字毛笔书法非常感兴趣，写信向你咨询学
习毛笔书法的建议。请你用英语回信，内容包括：
1. 学习毛笔书法的必备工具;
2. 你认为学好毛笔书法的有效方式；
3. 学好毛笔书法的好处。
注意：1. 词数100左右（开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数）；2. 可以适当增加细节，以使行
文连贯。3. 参考词汇：书法 calligraphy 毛笔 writing brush 砚台 ink stone
【参考范文】
Dear Jack,
I’m glad to know you’re interested in Chinese calligraphy. It’s my pleasure to tell you how to learn Chinese calligraphy.
As we all know, the four treasures of the study are writing brush, ink, paper and ink stone, which are essential to learn Chinese calligraphy. As to the way to learn it, I think, for one thing, you may study the basic structure of each Chinese character step by step; for another, choosing a good model book to copy is of great benefit to you.
Chinese calligraphy is a fine art of the excellent traditional cultures in China. Not only does it do good to health, but also it can cultivate morality and purify our souls.
Hoping you can come to China to enjoy it personally.
Yours,
Li Hua
译林牛津英语（2020版）
单元词汇详解
必修一
Unit 1 Back to School
1. potential /p ten l/ n. 潜力；可能性 adj. 潜在的，可能的 (2)
【原句背诵】realizing your potential
Most importantly, your time and effort at senior high school will________________________________(为你的潜能敞开大门).
【词形转换】potentially adv. 可能地；潜在地
【联想拓展】
market potential [经]市场潜力；市场潜在需求量
development potential 发展潜力；发展前景
growth potential 增长潜力；生长势
potential customer 潜在的顾客
potential demand 潜在需要
potential impact 潜在影响
open the door to your potential
【语境助记】
First we need to identify actual and potential problems. 首先，我们需要弄清实际的问题和潜在的问题。
The company has identified 60 potential customers. 该公司已确定了60位潜在的客户。
We are aware of the potential problems and have taken every precaution.我们意识到了潜在的问题，已经采取了一切防范措施。
Mountain climbing is becoming a popular sport, but it is also a ____________ dangerous one.
登山正在成为一项流行的运动，但它也是一项潜在的危险运动。
potentially
【链接高考】
（2021新高考I卷）The ability to accurately understand how others are feeling may be used by a doctor_________(find) how best to help her patients, while a cheater might use it to control potential victims. 准确理解他人感受的能力可能被医生用来找出如何最好地帮助她的病人，而骗子可能会利用这种能力来控制潜在的受害者。
(2018江苏卷）Investment in arts could produce potential positive economic results. 投资艺术会产生潜在的积极经济成果。
（2014江苏卷，完形填空）During this period Dale was slowly 44 (developing) an inferiority complex (自卑感), which his mother knew could _________(prevent) him from ___________(achieve) his real potential. 在此期间戴尔慢慢产生了自卑感，他的母亲知道这会阻碍他发挥他的真正潜力。
to find
prevent
achieving
2. senior / si ni (r)/ adj. 中学的（招收 11 或13 岁以上学生）；级别高的；高级水平的；老年的 n. 级别（或地位）较高者；较…年长的人；高水平运动员 (2)【原句背诵】
The speech below was given to new senior high school students by their principal, Mr Xu, on the first day of term.
Hello, everyone! Welcome to___________________(高中)!
【反义词】junior / d u ni (r)/ adj. （学校）为 11 或 13岁以下儿童设立的；地位（或级别）低的；青少年的 n. 职位较低者；青少年运动员 (5)
【警示误区】在表示“比……级别高（低）/地位高（低）；比……年长（轻）”时，要用介词to，不用than。
My brother _______________me by two years. 家兄比我年长两岁。
相似形容词：inferior, previous, prior, superior等都和to连用。
senior high school
is senior to
【语境助记】
I have ten years’ experience at __________________________level. 我有十年的高层管理经验。
The meeting should be chaired by the most senior person___________. 会议应由在座的职位最高的人主持。
_____________________usually work alongside more senior nurses. 初级护士通常和较高级的护士一起工作。
【链接高考】
（2019江苏卷）To enjoy the convenience of digital payment, ____________citizens started to use smart phones. 为了享受数字支付的便利，很多老年人开始使用智能手机。
（2014江苏卷）By the time Dale was a senior, he had won every top honor in __________ (speak) .到戴尔大四的时候，他已经赢得了演讲方面的所有最高荣誉。
（2016北京卷）Moreover, I completed the ____________of Computer Basics, plus five relevant pre-college courses.此外，我还完成了计算机基础的高级课程，以及五门相关的大学预科课程。
senior management
present
Junior nurses
many senior
speech
senior course
3. path /pɑ θ/ n. 道路；小路；成功的途径
4. challenge / t l nd / n. & vt. 挑战；质疑
5. thinking / θ k / n. 思维，思想；想法 thought n.思索, 主意；念头
【原句背诵】
The path before you leads to a world ____________________: a new environment, new knowledge and new ways_________________. （充满挑战）
【词性转换】
challengeable adj. 有挑战力的；可受挑战的；可受质疑的
challenging adj.有挑战性的；要求高的
【联想拓展】
meet the challenge 迎接挑战；满足要求
rise to the challenge 接受挑战，奋起应付挑战
take up the challenge 应战
full of challenges
of thinking
【语境助记】
The role will be__________________________ of his acting career.
扮演这个角色将是他演艺生涯中最大的挑战。
Destruction of the environment is one of _______________________________we face. 环境的破坏是我们所面临的最严峻的挑战之一。
Schools must ___________________the challenge of new technology (= deal with it successfully) . 学校必须迎接新技术的挑战。
She does not like anyone challenging her authority. 她不喜欢任何人挑战她的权威。
The study of consciousness is difficult, and ____________________as well for psychological researchers.
意识研究是心理学中的一大难点，也是一项富有挑战性的工作。
the biggest challenge
the most serious challenges
meet/face
challengeable
6. positive / p z t v/ adj. 积极乐观的；良好的，正面的 (2)【熟词生义】（电）正极；阳性
1. However, for those of you with a positive mind, opportunity lies in each challenge.
2. When you rise to the challenges, you will have the opportunity to acquire great knowledge and enjoy personal growth.
positively adv. 积极地，乐观地 positiveness n. 信心；肯定；确定；积极性
【联想拓展】
positive effect 积极的效果；明显效果 positive attitude 积极态度
positive influence 正面影响，积极影响
positive pressure 正压力 positive feedback 正反馈 positive change 正向的改变
positive factor 积极的因素；正因素 positive action 积极行动；强制作用
positive energy 正能量；正面能量
in a positive way 用积极的方法；从正面
positive and negative 正反；肯定和否定
positive and negative effects 正负作用
【反义词】positive的反义词是negative / neɡ t v/ adj. 缺乏热情的；负面的，消极的
【熟词生义】（电）负极；阴性
7. opportunity / p tju n ti/ n. 机会，时机 (2)
seize the opportunity 抓住机遇，抓住机会
rare opportunity 稀有机会，难得机会
equal opportunity 机会均等
opportunity cost 机会成本
take the opportunity 利用机会，抓住机会
unique opportunity 唯一机会；极难得的机会
employment opportunity 就业机会
job opportunity 工作机会，就业机会
investment opportunity 投资机会
economic opportunity 经济机会
opportunity to perform 实践的机会；表现机会
equal employment opportunity 同等就业机会，均等就业机会
8. lie in 存在于，在于 (2)
However, for those of you with a positive mind, opportunity lies in each challenge.
【联想拓展】
lie in（位置）在……内部
lie to（位置）在……外部
lie on（位置）位于……（接壤）
The town lies on the coast. 这个小镇位于海边。
【误区】表示位置关系时，范围不同时，介词也不同。
Japan lies to the east of China. 日本位于中国的东面。
Japan lies in the east of Asia. 日本位于亚洲的东部。
9. rise to 能够处理 (2)
10. acquire / kwa (r)/ vt. 获得，得到 (2)
When you rise to the challenges, you will have the opportunity to acquire great knowledge and enjoy personal growth.
【词形转换】
acquisition / kw z n/ n. （知识、技能等的）获得，得到；
acquirement n. 取得；学得；才能；成就
【联想拓展】
acquire knowledge and skills 获得知识和技巧；求得知识；获取知识
acquire a reputation for…赢得声誉
11. effort / ef t/ n. 努力，费力的事；试图 (2)
【原句背诵】Most importantly, your time and effort at senior high school will open the door to your potential.
【联想拓展】
in an effort to 企图（努力想）；试图要
make every effort 尽一切努力
make an effort 努力，作出努力
spare no effort to do something 不遗余力；抽出；宽容；节省
joint effort 共同努力
without effort 毫不费力
team effort 团队合作，团队努力的结果
put effort into something 对某事付出极大的力气
12. advance / d vɑ ns/ n. 进步，进展；前进，行进 vt. & vi. 发展，进步 (3)
Who knows what beautiful works of art you will create, what medical advances you will make or what amazing technologies you will develop!
【词形转换】
advanced adj. 先进的；高级的，高等的；高龄的
【联想拓展】
in advance adv. 预先，提前
in advance of 超过；在……前面
with the advance of 随着……的增加；随着(时间)的推移
on the advance (物价)在上涨
advance notice 预先通知
make advances 接近；预付；取得进步
advance development 先期发展；超前掘进
advance with the times 与时俱进；与时代发展同步伐
13. amazing / me z / adj. 令人大为惊奇的，令人惊喜的 (3)
Who knows what beautiful works of art you will create, what medical advances you will make or what amazing technologies you will develop!
【词形转换】
amazingly adv. 令人惊奇地
amaze / me z/ v. 使惊奇，使惊愕
amazed adj. 惊讶的；惊奇的
amazedly adv. 惊奇地，吃惊地
amazement n. 惊讶；惊喜
【联想拓展】
an amazing achievement/discovery/success/performance 惊人的成就╱发现╱成功╱表演
be amazed (at/by sb/sth)
be amazed (how/that...)
be amazed (to see, find, learn, etc.) 大为惊奇
to one’s amazement 让某人惊奇
14. confidence / k nf d ns/ n. 信心，信任；把握
The possibilities are endless, and I have confidence in your ability to make a difference to your family, to your community and to our country.(3)
【词形转换】
confident / k nf d nt/ adj.自信的；有自信心的；有把握的
confidently adv. 自信地；安心地
【联想拓展】
with confidence 满怀信心地
consumer confidence 消费信任度
have confidence in 对…有信心
in confidence 秘密地
build confidence 树立信心
be confident in sth. 对某事有信心
be confident about/of (doing) sth. 对(做)某事有把握
be confident that... 确信；肯定；自信
15. make a difference 起作用，有影响 (3)
The possibilities are endless, and I have confidence in your ability to make a difference to your family, to your community and to our country.
【联想拓展】
make a big/a great deal of/a lot of difference (to sb./sth.) (对某人/某事)有很大的影响(作用)；很重要
make no difference(to sb./sth.) (对某人/某事)没有影响；没有作用
make some difference有些作用(关系、影响)
【语境助记】
I wanted to ________________________in the world somehow, but I had no idea how to do that. 我想以某种方式在世界上有所作为，但我不知道该怎么做。
They have a different kind of superpower that all of us possess the power to _________________________in the lives of others. 他们拥有我们所有人都有的另一种超能力: 改变其他人的生活的能力。
make a difference
make a difference
17. make the most of 充分利用，尽情享受 (3)
18. resource /r s s/ n. 资源；资料；谋略 (3)
To fully realize your potential，it is important for you to make the most of our school resources.
【词形转换】
resourceful adj. 资源丰富的；足智多谋的；机智的
resourceless adj. 无资力的；无方略的
resourcefully adv. 机智地
【联想拓展】
make use of利用；使用
make good/full/little use of 好好/充分/不充分利用 make the best of 充分利用
water resource 水资源 natural resource 自然资源
tourism resource 旅游资源；观光资源 economic resource 经济资源
renewable resource 可再生资源
inner resources 内在力量；精神财富
resource allocation 资源分配
resource management 资源管理
resource sharing 资源共享，资源分配
resource conservation/protection 资源保护；资源保育
19. take advantage of 利用 (3)
20. facility /f s l ti/ n. 设施，设备；场所 (3)【熟词生义】（学习、做事的）天资，才能，天赋
Take advantage of your classes, learn from your teachers and classmates, and make use of our school facilities.
【联想拓展】
take full advantage of充分利用
sports/leisure facilities 体育╱消闲设施
conference facilities 会议设施
shopping/banking/cooking facilities 商店╱银行设施；炊事设备
have a facility for something 有天赋
21. equal / i kw l/ adj. 相等的；平等的；相当的n. 同等的人（物）linking v. 与…相等
22. attitude / t tju d/ n. 态度，看法 (3)
Of equal importance are good study habits, useful skills and a positive attitude.
【词形转换】equality n. 平等；相等;equally adv. adv.（程度）相当地，同样地；平均地，相等地；（用于补充观点）同样（重要）地
【拓展】
is equal to 等于 equal opportunity 机会均等 equal treatment 平等对待
equal right 平等权利 equal pay （男女）同工同酬
the equal of 与…相等；和…匹敌 be without equal/have no equal无敌；无与伦比
racial/social/sexual equality 种族╱社会╱男女平等 equality of opportunity 机会均等
the principle of equality before the law (= the law treats everyone the same) 法律面前人人平等的原则
to have a good/bad/positive/negative attitude towards sb/sth 对某人（或事物）持好的╱坏的╱肯定的╱否定的态度
23. goal /ɡ l/ n. 目标；进球得分 (3)
24. balance / b l ns/ vt. 同等重视；（使）保 持平衡；权衡重要性n. 均衡，平衡；平衡能力 (3)
【原句背诵】Carefully plan your study, set clear goals and balance your schoolwork with other activities.
【词形转换】
balanced adj. 平稳的；安定的；和谐的
imbalance n. 不平衡；失衡
【联想拓展】
（1）
strategic goal 战略目标 common goal 共同目标 primary goal 首要目标
long-term goal 长期目标 short-term goal 短期目标；近期
set a goal 确立一个目标 score a goal 踢进一球；得一分
goal programming 目标规划；目标程序设计
（2）
keep one’s balance 保持平衡
lose one’s balance 失去平衡
out of balance 不平衡
destroy the balance of nature 破坏自然平衡
25. improve / m pru v/ vt. & vi. 改进，改善 (3)
As a senior high school student, you must make efforts to improve your communication and problem-solving skills.
【词形转换】
improvement n. 改善，改进
improved adj. 改良的；改进过的
【联想拓展】
improve efficiency 提高效率
to improve the environment 改善环境
improve the comprehensive quality 提高综合素质
improve the investment climate 改善投资环境
a significant/substantial/dramatic improvement 重要的╱实质的╱巨大的改进
a slight/steady improvement 轻微的╱稳定的提升
an improvement in Anglo-German relations 英德关系的改善
improvements to the bus service 公共汽车服务的改善
26. last but not least 最后但同样重要的 (3)
Last but not least, always look on the bright side and never lose hope, even in difficult situations.
【语境助记】
Last but not least, we should call on citizens to take the bus instead of driving a car as much as possible. 最后但同样重要的是，我们应该呼吁市民尽可能选择搭乘公交而非驾车出行。
Last but not least, we are trying our best to satisfy our customers! 最后但同样重要的是，我们正设法尽力去满足我们的顾客！
27. well-rounded / wel ra nd d/ adj. 全面发展的；面面俱到的 (3)
28. individual / nd v d u l/ n. 个人 adj. 单独的，个别的 (3)
In time you will find yourself growing into a well-rounded individual.
【词形转换】
individuality n. 个性；个人（或个体）特征
individually adv. 个别地，单独地
【联想拓展】
individual character 个性；单字
individual income tax [经]个人所得税
individual freedom/liberty 个人自由
individual difference 个体差异
individual characteristics 个人特征
individual behavior 个人行为
individual privacy 个人隐私
individual value 个人价值，个体价值；个别值
individual style 个人风格
individual event 单项；个人项目；单项赛
individual study 自习
29. character / k r kt (r)/ n. 品质，性格；特点；人物，角色；文字 (3)
You need to make a continuous effort to train your mind and develop your character.
【词形转换】
characteristic n. 特征；特性；特色 adj. 典型的；特有的
【联想拓展】
to have a strong/weak character 个性强╱不强
Chinese character 汉字
moral character 品德
main character 主要人物；主要角色
personal character 个性；个人性格
leading character 主角
character education 品格教育，品德教育
character development 品德形成，性状发育
character traits/defects 性格特点╱弱点
30. responsible /r sp ns bl/ adj. 有责任，负责；可靠的 (3)
【原句背诵】Senior high school will help you learn and grow, yet you alone are responsible for realizing your great potential.
【词形转换】
responsibly adv. 认真负责地；负责任；可靠地
responsibility n. 责任，职责；义务
irresponsible adj. 不负责任的，不可靠的
【联想拓展】
be responsible for...对……负责；成为起因
31. ahead / hed/ adv.（时间、空间）向前；提前 (5)
I’ve been told that schoolwork will present more of a(n) (1) challenge in the years ahead, and that the teachers will hold us to higher standards.
【联想拓展】
ahead of 在……之前
ahead of time 提前；提早
ahead of schedule adv. 提前
get ahead 获得成功；取得进步；走在前面
look ahead 预测未来，计划未来
go straight ahead 一直往前走
go ahead with 继续进行，继续
go ahead 前进；进行
push ahead with 向前推进；推动；推进
a step ahead 棋先一招，领先一步
think ahead 事先考虑；预见
32. forward / f w d/ adv. 向将来；向前；进展，前进 (5)
33. look forward to 盼望，期待 (5)
34. independent / nd pend nt/ adj. 自主的，有主见的；自立的 (5)
In fact, I’m looking forward to being more independent and (5) responsible for my own learning.
【词形转换】
independence n. 独立性，自主性；独立
independently adv. 独立地；自立地
【联想拓展】
put forward v. 提出；拿出；放出；推举出
look forward 期待；盼望
bring forward 提出；提前；结转
carry forward 发扬；推进
push forward 推进；抓紧进行
【警示误区】在词组look forward to中，to是介词，后要接名词、代词或动词-ing。
be independent of/from 自由的；不受约束的
35. focus / f k s/ n. 焦点，重点 vt. & vi. 集中 (6)
Setting goals gives you a focus in life.
【联想拓展】
focus on/upon 集中于
focus in 焦点；专注于……
focus of ……的焦点
in focus 清晰；焦点对准
out of focus 焦点没对准的；模糊不清的
bring into focus 使变得清楚
【同义词（组）】center on/upon, concentrate on/upon
36. detail / di te l/ n. 细节；具体情况 (6)
To realize your goals, you need to have a good plan, manage your time well and pay attention to details.
【联想拓展】
in detail 详细地
【语境助记】
He stood still, absorbing every detail of the street. 他一动不动地站着，不放过街上的每一细微之处。
Further details and booking forms are available on request. 备有详细资料和订购单以供索取。
They didn’t give any details about the game. 他们没有提供这场比赛的具体情况。
This issue will be discussed in more detail in the next chapter. 这个问题将在下一章详细论述。
37. as a result of 由于 (6)
As a result of your action, your dream will come true and hopefully (5) you will live a happy life.
【联想拓展】
as a result结果；因此；结果是
含有类似意义的词组：due to由于；归因于 because of 因为；由于
on account of 因为；由于；为了……的缘故
thanks to 由于；幸亏
【警示误区】
as a result是副词短语，单独使用，作状语，可用逗号隔开；as a result of是介词短语，后接名词、代词、动名词以及what引导的宾语从句。
He made one big mistake, and, as a result, lost his job. 他犯了个大错，结果丢了工作。
38. tip /t p/ n. 指点，实用的提示；尖端；小费 (7)
Below are some tips about setting goals.
【联想拓展】
handy tips for buying a computer 购买电脑几点有用的提示
useful tips on how to save money 几个省钱的窍门儿
to leave a tip 留小费
on the tip of your tongue 话在嘴边上（却一时想不起来）
the tip of the iceberg（问题的）冰山一角
【语境助记】
The brochure shows how to prepare a resume, and gives tips on applying for jobs. 手册说明了如何准备一份简历，并提了一些有关求职的建议。
He gave the waiter a generous tip. 他给了服务员很多小费。
39. base /be s/ vt. 以…为基础（依据）n. 根据；基础；基底；总部，大本营 (7)
Instead, you should set goals based on your abilities and skills.
【词形转换】
basis n. 基础；底部；主要成分；基本原则
【联想拓展】
base...on/upon...以……为基础/根据
be based on/upon以……为基础/根据
base...in...以……为据点/总部；把……设在……
on the basis of...根据；基于……
40. remind /r ma nd/ vt. 提醒，使想起 (7)
This will remind you of what you are working for and keep you focused.
【词形转换】
reminder n. 提示，暗示；提醒的人/物
【联想拓展】
remind sb.of/about sth. 提醒某人某事；使某人想起某事
remind sb.to do sth. 提醒某人做某事
remind sb.that ... 使某人想起……；提醒某人……
其他常见的由“v.＋sb.＋of sth.”构成的短语有：
accuse sb. of sth. 控告某人犯某罪，指责某人做某事
convince sb of sth. 使某人确信
cheat sb. of sth. 骗某人某物
cure sb. of sth. 治愈某人的病
inform sb.of sth. 通知某人某事
rob sb.of sth.抢劫某人某物
warn sb.of sth.警告某人某事
41. stick to 坚持；固守，维持 (7)
【原句背诵】
After you set a goal, it is important to stick to it and work hard towards it.
【联想拓展】
stick with 坚持；继续做；保持联系 stick it out 坚持到底
stick together 在一起；团结一致；互相支持
stick on 保持在…之上；贴
stick around v. 逗留；在附近徘徊
stick out 突出；坚持；醒目
stick at v. 坚持；犹豫；努力做
stick up 竖起；伸直；突出
【语境助记】
I managed to stick to the diet and keep off sweet foods. 我设法坚持节食，不吃甜食。
Once a decision has been made, all of us should stick to it. 一旦做了决定，我们就应该坚持。
While in the process you may encounter（遭遇）plenty of failures, but on condition that you stick to the four habits above, you will be absolutely successful sooner or later. 而在这个过程中你可能会遭遇无数次的失败，但只要你坚持以上四个习惯，迟早你一定会成功的。
【警示误区】
在stick to中，to是介词，其后要接名词、代词或动词-ing。
We should stick to the principles and be flexible as well. 我们既要有原则性，也要有灵活性。
42. proposal /pr p zl/ n. 提议，建议，动议 (9)
【原句背诵】
After her conversation with Mr Zhou, Maggie wrote a proposal for a new school club.
【词形转换】
propose v. 提议，建议；提出；计划；求婚
【联想拓展】
to submit/consider/accept/reject a proposal 提交╱审议╱接受╱拒绝一项建议
a proposal to build more office accommodation 增建办公楼的建议
to table a proposal 提出建议
make a proposal 求婚；提议
【警示误区】在proposal引导的表语从句、同位语从句中，从句的谓语动词要用(should)+动词原形，should可以省略。在propose引导的从句中，从句的谓语动词要用(should)+动词原形，should可以省略。
She proposed that the book (should) be banned. 她提议查禁这本书。
It was proposed that the president (should) be elected for a period of two years. 有人提议当选的主席任期为两年。
43. aim /e m/ n. 目的，目标（9）
vi. & vt. 力争做到；目的是；针对 (9)
【原句背诵】
Club aim: To improve short story writing skills
【联想拓展】
（1）the aim of 旨在；瞄准；致力于……
take aim at 瞄准；盯着；注意到；以……为目标
（2）aim at v. 针对；瞄准；目的在于
be aimed at…针对；目的在于
aim for 瞄准；以……为目标
aim high 胸怀大志，力争上游；向高处瞄准
aim low 向低处瞄准(尤指拳击比赛中不道德的打法)；志向不高
aim at doing sth 目的是做……
44. style /sta l/ n. 风格；方式；样式 (9)
45. technique /tek ni k/ n. 技巧，技艺；技能 (9)
46. workshop / w k p/ n. 研讨会，讲习班；车间，作坊 (9)
47. professional /pr fe nl/ adj. 职业的，专业的；有职业的；娴
熟的，精通业务的 n. 专门人员，专业人士 (9)
【原句背诵】
·Read short stories in different styles;
·Write short stories using different techniques;
·Hold workshops to discuss the short stories that club members read and write;
·Invite professional writers to give talks on short story writing
【词形转换】
technical adj. 工艺的，技术的；专业的，专门的
technically adv. 技术上；专门地；学术上；工艺上
technician n. 技师，技术人员
profession n. 职业
48. material /m t ri l/ n. 材料；素材 adj. 物质的，实际的；客观存在的 (9)
40. poster / p st (r)/ n. 海报；（在网络留言板上）发布消息的人 (9)
Materials needed: Paper and pen for each student Make posters and put them up around the school.
【语境助记】
The material can absorb outward-going radiation from the earth. 这种材料可以吸收地球向外辐射的能量。
His novels are a rich source of material for the movie industry. 他的小说为电影业提供了大量素材。
49. secondary / sek ndri/ adj. 中学的；次要的 (11)
50. exchange / ks t e nd / n. & vt. 交换；交流；兑换 (11)
【原句背诵】
Last year, I had the chance to study at a British secondary school as an exchange student.
【词形转换】
secondarily adv. 在其次；在第二，在第二位
exchangeable adj. 可交换的；可兑换的；可替换的
【联想拓展】
(1)in exchange for 作为对……的交换
have/make an exchange of... 交换……
(2)exchange A for B 把A兑换成B
exchange sth. with sb. 与某人交流/交换某物
51. host /h st/ n. 主人；东道主；主持人 vt. 主办；主持 (11)
I stayed with a lovely host family and went to school with their son, Daniel.
【词形转换】
hostess n. 女主人，女老板；女服务员；舞女；女房东
hospitable adj. 好客的，热情友好的；环境适宜的；乐于接受的
【联想拓展】
host country 东道国；主办国；所在国
host city n. 主办城市；举办城市
host computer [计]主机
host family 寄宿家庭；接待留学生的家庭
【熟词生义】a host of 许多，一大群；众多，大量
52. biology /ba l d i/ n. 生物学 (11)
Every student in the UK must study English, Maths and the Science subjects: Biology, Chemistry and Physics.
【词形转换】
biological adj. 生物的；生物学的
biologically adv. 生物学上，生物学地
biologist n. 生物学家
【联想拓展】
the biology of marine animals 海洋动物的生理习性
biological clock生物钟
biological process生物学过程；生化过程
biological diversity生物多样性；生物差异
physiology生理学
psychology心理学
technology工艺学
ecology生态学
zoology n. 动物学
53. tough /t f/ adj. 艰难的；严厉的；坚强的；坚固的 (11)
In the beginning, however, it was still tough for me to remember everyone’s name!
【词形转换】
toughly adv. 固执地；强硬地
toughness n. [力] 韧性；强健；有粘性
toughen vt. &vi.变（使）坚韧；变（使）顽固
【联想拓展】
a tough childhood 苦难的童年
a tough nut 难对付的人；难处理的事
be/get tough on对……苛刻
54. alarm / lɑ m/ n. 闹钟；恐慌；警报；警报器vt. 使惊恐，使害怕 (11)
I like it so much that I still use it as my alarm!
【联想拓展】
alarm system 报警系统
fire alarm 火警；火警警报器
alarm clock 闹钟
ring the alarm 拉警报，敲警钟
in alarm 惊慌，担心
【语境助记】
I felt a growing sense of alarm when he did not return that night. 那天夜里他没有回家，我越来越感到恐慌。
“What have you done ” Ellie cried in alarm. “你都干了些什么？”埃利惊恐地喊道。
55. contribution / k ntr bju n/ n. 贡献；捐款；捐赠 (11)
Class discussion is very important in the UK, but I could not make a great contribution because sometimes I wasn’t able to express myself clearly in English.
【词形转换】
contribute vt. & vi. 贡献；捐献；投稿
contributor n. 贡献者；投稿者；捐助者
【联想拓展】
make a contribution to/towards 捐赠；贡献给；为……做出贡献
contribute to...捐献；投稿；有助于，促成
【警示误区】在contribute to中，to是介词，其后要接名词、代词或动词-ing。
The report says design faults in both the vessels contributed to the tragedy. 报道称两艘船在设计上的缺陷是造成悲剧的原因。
56. fortunately / f t n tli/ adv. 幸运地，幸亏 (11)
Fortunately, my School teachers and classmates were always helpful and gave me lots of encouragement.
【词形转换】
fortunate adj. 幸运的；带来幸运的；富足的；侥幸的
unfortunate adj. 不幸的；令人遗憾的；不成功的
fortune n. 时运，命运；好运，机遇
【反义词】unfortunately adv. 不幸地
【警示误区】fortunately通常放在句首，用来修饰整个句子。
Fortunately he was sent to the hospital in time. If he had been delayed half an hour, he would not have been still alive. 多亏及时送医院，再晚半小时他就没希望了。
57. over time 随着时间流逝，久而久之 (12)
My language skills improved over time.
【联想拓展】over后接时间名词时，其意思是“在……期间”
The number of attacks on the capital had gone down over the past week. 在过去一周里对首都的袭击次数下降了。
He built up the business over a period of ten years. 他用了十年时间把这个企业创建起来。
【语境助记】
Over time, though, Walson’s views gained in popularity. 然而，随着时间的推移，沃森的观点越来越受到赞同。
Over time, however, the technology is diffused（传播）and adopted by other countries. 然而，随着时间的推移，这项技术在其它国家得以传播并使用。
58. option / p n/ n. 可选择的事物，选择；选修课 (12)
59. butter / b t (r)/ n. 黄油 (12)
60. pudding / p d / n. 甜点；布丁 (12)
【原句背诵】
There were lots of options including bread and butter, chicken pie and puddings, but I still missed my mum’s cooking!
【词形转换】
optional adj. 可选择的，随意的
【联想拓展】
an option of doing sthg/to do sthg 可选择的事物；选择；选择权；选择的自由
have no option/choice/alternative but to do...别无选择，只能
【反义词】compulsory adj. 必修的；义务的；被强制的 n. 规定动作；必修课
Certain courses are compulsory, others are optional. 某些课程是必修的，其他是选修的。
61. attract / tr kt/ vt. 吸引，使喜爱；招引；引起（反应） (12)
62. rugby / r ɡbi/ n. 橄榄球运动 (12)
【原句背诵】
After school, there were many clubs to join. The one that attracted me most was the Rugby Club.
词形转换】
attraction n. 吸引，引力；吸引人的事物
attractive adj. 吸引人的；有魅力的；诱人的
attractively adv. 迷人地；有吸引力地；动人地
a tourist attraction 观光胜地
63. calligraphy /k l ɡr fi/ n. 书法，书法艺术（13）
【原句背诵】
1. Chinese Calligraphy is one of the many optional courses offered to students who are interested in traditional art.
2. At the end of each term, students put on a calligraphy show, attracting more students to Chinese calligraphy.
【语境助记】
He takes a special liking for painting and calligraphy. 他对于画画和书法有特别的喜好。
The members of Lanting Calligraphy Club are writing Chinese characters with traditional brushes. 兰亭书法俱乐部的成员们正在用毛笔书写汉字。
【书面表达】
假设你是李华，在美国孔子学院的笔友Jack对汉字毛笔书法非常感兴趣，写信向你咨询学
习毛笔书法的建议。请你用英语回信，内容包括：
1. 学习毛笔书法的必备工具;
2. 你认为学好毛笔书法的有效方式；
3. 学好毛笔书法的好处。
注意：1. 词数100左右（开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数）；2. 可以适当增加细节，以使行
文连贯。3. 参考词汇：书法 calligraphy 毛笔 writing brush 砚台 ink stone
【参考范文】
Dear Jack,
I’m glad to know you’re interested in Chinese calligraphy. It’s my pleasure to tell you how to learn Chinese calligraphy.
As we all know, the four treasures of the study are writing brush, ink, paper and ink stone, which are essential to learn Chinese calligraphy. As to the way to learn it, I think, for one thing, you may study the basic structure of each Chinese character step by step; for another, choosing a good model book to copy is of great benefit to you.
Chinese calligraphy is a fine art of the excellent traditional cultures in China. Not only does it do good to health, but also it can cultivate morality and purify our souls.
Hoping you can come to China to enjoy it personally.
Yours,
Li Hua