河南省部分市2021-2022学年高二下学期期末考试英语试题汇编：阅读理解（含答案）

河南省部分市
2021-2022学年高二下学期期末考试英语试题分类汇编
阅读理解
河南省郑州市2021-2022学年高二下学期期末考试英语试题（解析版）
第一节(共15小题;每小题2分，满分30分)
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
A
With the completion of the Beijing Winter Games, the city has become the first in the world to host both the Summer and Winter Olympic Games.
As Beijing normally doesn’t have much snow in winter, artificial snow has been used at venues for the Beijing 2022 Olympic winter Games.
“If you want to wait for nature ensured the smooth running of the Winter Games, provide you with all of the required materials to ski on, you risk not being able organize a competition, ”the former International Ski Federation (FIS) freestyle coordinator Joseph Fitzgerald told Xinhua.
Artificial snow has been commonly seen in the Olympic Winter Games for decades ever since its first use in Lake Placid, New York, in 1980. Artificial snow has many benefits. It’s fairer and safer for athletes, competing during each event Competition snow requires a higher density (密度) than recreational snow in order to meet the requirements of the FIS. Different from natural snow, certain characteristics of the artificial snow can be easily changed to meet the qualities and needs of different competition venues (场地).
Snow machines at the Beijing 2022 Winter Games all ran on renewable energy. “We have designed the latest in snow-making. It’s very efficient in terms of energy consumption and the use of water,”Davide Cerato , an Italian mountain operation expert in charge of snow-making in Zhangjiakou, told China Daily. “Water used for snow-making only comes from rainfall and surface run-off, and it can be recycled, Wei Qinghua, the mountain operation manager at the Zhangjiakou, told Shine, a Shanghai-based news platform. A sewage (污水) treatment station has also been established to process the sanitary (卫生的) sewage from the competition zone into recycling water for plant-watering and toilet use, Sun Xianghui, an engineer from Beijing Beikong Jing’ao Construction Corporation, told Xinhua.
1 Which of the following does Joseph probably agree with
A. The Winter Games should not only rely on natural snow.
B. Organizers are advised to use artificial and natural snow.
C. Natural snow can bring risks and challenges to winter sports.
D. The required material for the Winter Games is hard to obtain.
2. What is Paragraph 4 mainly about
A. High requirements and qualities of the FIS.
B. Artificial snow’s better quality than natural snow.
C. The advantages of artificial snow in competitions.
D. The wide use of artificial snow in the Winter Games.
3. What can be learned about the snow machines at the Beijing Winter Games
A. They are very environmentally friendly.
B. They can produce certain types of rainfall.
C. They process the sewage for watering plants.
D. They use sanitary sewage and recycling water.
B
Recently, our school held a show called “Us After Ten Years”, where the speakers presented what they would become in the future. It was a sort of “coming-of-age” ceremony. The student representatives predicted their future careers. At first, I didn’t care about the activity, but just four days before the ceremony, my head teacher asked me to take the place of one student who got ill. I was amazed, but I had no choice, as it was an honor to be asked. “Be confident, Susan,“ she encouraged me.
There were three barriers during my preparation. Firstly, I didn’t have a clear career path at that time. Luckily, my classmates suggested that I should choose to be a diplomat, who is persuasive, hardworking, and enjoys creative thinking, like me. Secondly, I had to choose a representative scene to show my career. My first design was to hold a press conference. However, that would have taken longer than the scheduled time. Eventually, I decided on coming back to my school and giving a speech to the current students about my job. Thirdly, I had to decide the presentation style. During my first two practices, I tried to imitate the foreign ministry spokesmen. But I felt embarrassed and couldn’t find myself like a true spokesperson when speaking. I told myself, “You are unique, so just be yourself and create your own style.”
Finally the day came. Wearing a uniform, I paced backstage with my heart beating wildly. I couldn’t stop thinking, “Will I be too nervous to speak fluently What if I don’t perform like a diplomat Is my speech good enough ” Trying to calm myself down, I took a deep breath and then felt a little more relaxed.
Then came my time. I walked steadily onto the stage, waving to my audience. The bright lights and screams from the hall suddenly surrounded me tightly.
Fortunately, everything went as expected. When the last speech concluded, the pride. suddenly shifted into a whole sense of relief, and then a sense of I’m proud that I have overcome the mental barriers and challenges. I’m also proud of Chinese diplomats, who meet all kinds of questions and emergencies every day but manage to keep showing Chinese wisdom and conveying Chinese values. That’s the kind of person I want to be!
4. How did the author feel when asked to participate in the activity
A. Thrilled. B. Surprised. C. Embarrassed. D. Worried.
5. What challenge did the author face during her preparation
A. She knew little about the career she chose. B. She felt anxious about performing in public.
C. She had trouble behaving like a spokesperson. D. She found it very difficult to memorize her speech.
6. What did the author think of her presentation
A. It helped her to find her real life purpose. B. It encouraged her to overcome difficulties.
C. It increased her interest in Chinese culture. D. It deepened her understanding of Chinese values.
7. What does the author mainly intend to tell us in this passage
A. How to achieve her dream. B. How to be a good diplomat.
C. Her great admiration for diplomats. D. Her successful experience in an activity.
C
My mother-in-law left us an unexpected and priceless gift. After she died, my husband and his sister were going through the contents of her house when they discovered every letter we’d written to her during our 46-year marriage. She also kept all the letters my mother had written to her over the years.
During my holidays, I’ve had time to go through these letters. I read about our early married life, our struggle to have children and. especially the progress of our three children from birth to adulthood. I began writing all these details for my children, and now they have details about when they were small. I discovered much I’d forgotten.
To read the letters written by my mother to my husband’s mother is a gift. I wish I’d saved my mother’s letters to me, but now I have these letters that tell me things about my own mother I never knew. I see Mom and Mamma shared their great love for us and for our children.
I come from a long line of letter writers and was trained to stay in touch with our parents. My grandparents loved to receive letters from across the ocean. When I was away on a student exchange in 1970, my mother told me my grandfather kept my airmail letters in his pocket and read them daily. Knowing this, I’ve tried my best to write to our family regularly.
To all of you who write to me. I thank you. The handwritten word is a powerful tool of friendship and it connects us together. Perhaps the greatest gift these letters have given me is to see how much my husband’s parent treasured our letters to her. The letters helped her know her grandchildren and feel like part of our lives. I shall collect and arrange them for my children so that they can read the events of our lives and know they were treasured, too.
Keep writing to those you love. Those letters are our greatest gifts to each other.
8. What did the author do after she read the letters
A. She passed on all the letters to her children.
B. She had a long and friendly talk with her mother.
C. She required her children to write letters regularly.
D. She wrote the details about her children’s childhood.
9. What does the author mainly talk about in Paragraph 4
A. How her grandfather influenced her.
B. What handwritten letters meant to her.
C. What inspired her to keep writing letters.
D. How she stayed in touch with her parents.
10. What does the author think the power of handwritten words is
A. Improving our hands-on abilities.
B. Allowing us to practice writing skills.
C. Helping us understand ourselves better.
D. Strengthening our emotional exchanges.
11. What is the author’s main purpose in writing this article
A. To encourage readers to write letters.
B. To list the benefits of handwritten letters.
C. To remind readers to value those they love.
D. To express her thanks to her mother-in-law.
D
Facial recognition cameras are everywhere. Many people rely on this technology to unlock their phones open doors or make quick payments, but there is a problem: Everyone is wearing masks. What a hassle!
Now, tech companies have updated their software. Facial recognition technology can now recognize people even if they are wearing a mask. Beijing-based tech company Hanwang has announced a software that can correctly recognize 95% of people wearing masks, Engineering & Technology (E&T) reported. What’s the secret It’s all about your eyes.
Marios Savvides, a professor at Carnegie Mellon University, US, studies facial recognition technology. As we get older, he said, our faces change shape, but not the area around our eyes. It stays the same -even if we put on weight. Another company, Geneva-based Tech5, has also been working on this kind of software. It has AI that measures the shape of your face. It also scans your irises(虹膜) and hopes to ignore all of the face below the nose. Japan’s NEC Corp. claims an astonishing 99.9% accuracy rate when identifying people with masks. The UK’s Metropolitan Police Service has been approved to buy and use NEC Corp.’s facial recognition technology, Forbes reported.
Facial recognition software is about more than just unlocking your phone. It’s about public safety. For example, you don’t need to present an ID card, which can be lost or stolen. It also means that germs aren’t spread by touching things, said has NEC’s Shinya Takeshima.“Touchless verification(验证) has become extremely important due to COVID-19,”he said to Reuters.
“We hope to contribute to safety and peace of mind.”
More than that, facial recognition can be used to fight crime. “It can detect crime suspects and terrorists,”said Huang Lei, Hanwang’s vice president. Hanwang’s technology is used by the police in high-security settings, Reuters reported. This means places like government buildings, subway stations and airports. Similar technology is used by the United States Air Force and other governments.
Huang Lei admits one big weakness of this technology: It fails when people wear both a mask and sunglasses.“In this situation, all of the key facial information is lost,” Huang said to E&T.
12. The underlined word “hassle” in Paragraph 1 probably means
A. device B. problem C. mistake D. struggle
13. What does the facial recognition software scan to identify people with masks
A. The shape of face. B. The irises of eyes.
C. The facial expressions. D. The face below the nose.
14. What can be inferred about the new technology from the last paragraph
A. It cannot store key facial information.
B Huang Lei has a negative attitude to it.
C. There’s still room for improvement on it.
D. It doesn’t work on people wearing glasses.
15. What can be the best title for this passage
A. Identification through eyes
B. Hanwang’s hi-tech recognition
C. Mask-wearing facial recognition
D. Security identification not perfect
河南省焦作市2021-2022学年高二下期期末考试英语试题（解析版）
第—节(共15小题;每小题2分，满分30分）
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中, 选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
A
From vibrant, culture-full cities to peaceful areas of outstanding natural beauty, the UK is a diverse destination for travelers. Here are some of the best places to visit in the UK-
Norwich, Norfolk
With 31 surviving medieval (中世纪的) churches, Norwich is an easily overlooked historical treasure. Roadside signs show this “A Fine City" and for good reason. The pubs are among the best in English, with the delightful Adam and Eve dating back to 1249. And with an annual arts festival taking place every May, its modem cultural offering makes it far more than a museum piece.
Dungeness, Kent
The only place appointed as a desert in the UK Dungeness is completely unique. Located on the Kent coast, its windswept beaches and inland nature reserve, coupled with big skies and sea air, make it the perfect place to spend an afternoon getting the freshest air imaginable. The coastal village with the same name is something of a time channel, with a railway carrying passengers along the coast to the town of Hythe.
Manchester
Northern England’s cities often get unfairly crowded together, but there’s a distinctiveness between Leeds, Bradford, Liverpool and Manchester that makes them all worth a visit. It's the latter, though, that’s the big hitter. The vibrant Northern Quarter is great for shopping, while places such as Bridgewater Hall, Home and the Albert Hall make it the place for culture lovers. Forget complaints about the wet weather in England; Manchester is the real deal.
Glasgow
It’s easy to overlook Glasgow, which is the charm of Edinburgh. But as Scotland’s largest city it easily matches the capital when it comes to architecture, art and culture. The Kelvin grove Art Gallery is world-class, while the West End’s shops and bars are the perfect places to spend a relaxing afternoon. With a thriving music scene and top restaurants like the award-winning Stravaigin, it’s undoubtedly one of the country’s best destinations for a city break.
1. What can you see in Norwich, Norfolk
A. Ancient buildings. B. Beautiful rivers. C. Huge deserts. D. Thick forest.
2. Where can you go if you enjoy experiencing fresh sea air
A. Norwich, Norfolk. B. Dungeness, Kent. C. Manchester. D. Glasgow.
3. What do Manchester and Glasgow have in common
A. They both have pleasant weather. B. They are both famous for their bars.
C. They both have convenient transportation. D. They both attract culture lovers.
B
Elmer Alvarez was a homeless man when he found a $10K check in New Haven, Connecticut. Instead of cashing it in for himself, he looked for its rightful owner.
The owner of the large check was a real estate (房地产) agent named Roberta Hoskie. She was on a busy schedule doing business around town when her check slipped away in a busy crossing. She didn’t realize she lost it until the next day.
They settled the day they met to hand over the check . Elmer came with a friend. It turned out he couldn’t speak English that well and asked for the help of a stranger to translate what he wanted to do. Roberta also found something about Elmer that shocked her—Elmer was homeless.
And since Roberta is in the real estate business, she realized she could send Elmer to the real estate school to be a part of her company. Not only that, but she also rewarded him with an apartment and paid seven month’s worth of rent to help him get back on his feet. Roberta’s heart was drawn to Elmer’s story because it reminded her of her own past.
She once lived in a shelter, as a single mom with only around $400 to raise her son—until one day, someone blessed her with a job that led her to her success right now. Her experience of being homeless reminded her that she could be a blessing to someone and change their life, too. A year after they met , Roberta and Elmer started Outreach Foundation, a transitional home for homeless teenagers, providing support like church services, substance abuse awareness , and education.
Elmer’s honesty is something that should be applauded. And in the end, he went from not having a roof over his head, to being capable of lending a hand to others who are really in need.
4. What do we know about Roberta from the text
A. She is homeless. B. She is a success.
C. She is out of work. D. She has a happy family.
5. Why was Roberta’s heart attracted by Elmer’s story
A. Because she was ready to help others. B. Because Elmer’s story was moving.
C. Because she was thankful to him. D. Because she had a similar experience.
6. Which of the following can best describe Elmer
A. Honest and lucky. B. Helpful and energetic.
C. Poor and sensitive. D. Skillful and generous.
7. What does Elmer’s story tell us
A. It’s never too late to learn. B. He who laughs last laughs best.
C. One good tum deserves another. D. Where there is a will, there is a way.
C
About one in five Americans who have lost weight have kept those pounds off for a long time. A new Cal Poly study powered by machine learning shows some secrets to how people lose weight and keep it off: persevering despite setbacks(挫折), regularly looking back at what their life was like before the weight loss, and remaining focused on their health.
The study, published Feb. 9 in Obesity: The Journal of The Obesity Society, is the first large-scale one that allowed weight-loss maintainers to identify in their own words what helped them succeed. They answered open-ended questions about their motivations (in the past and present), strategies for maintaining weight loss and the resulting lifestyle changes. Researchers then used machine learning to group responses by topic.
“One of the most impressive findings was how weight-loss maintainers described perseverance(毅力) in face setbacks, ” said Suzanne Phelan, a professor in Cal Poly’ s Kinesiology and Public Health Department, who led the study. “Weight-loss maintainers saw setbacks as part of their successful journey. Setbacks were not described as failures. They were seen as a temporary interruption in their path. Many weight-loss maintainers described getting backon track at the next meal and measuring overall success based on goals. ”
Respondents(调查对象) offered advice to others going through their own health and weight-loss journey. Many said perseverance was vital in overcoming the inevitable (不可避免的) setbacks. They encouraged others to take it day by day . Weight-loss maintainers also described consistently tracking food intake as a skill within a healthy lifestyle. The study also found that weight-loss maintainers remain motivated to maintain the weight loss mostly by health and appearance, as well as reflecting on past experiences.
8. How were the group responses divided
A. By topic. B. By age. C. By education. D. By income.
9. Which of the following may weight-loss maintainers agree with
A. Setbacks mean weight-loss failure.
B. Never go off your weight-loss path.
C. Overall success is based on short-term goals.
D. Setbacks may disturb weight loss for the time being.
10. According to respondents, what is fundamental in overcoming setbacks
A. Being on a diet. B. Sticking to your goals.
C. Centering on your health. D. Reviewing your past life.
11. In which section may the text appear in a newspaper
A. Travel. B. Health. C. Entertainment. D. Economy.
D
New Monterey Bay Aquarium-led research shows extremely warm ocean temperatures driven by climate change are the new normal. The study, published today by PLOS Climate, establishes that more than half of the ocean surface has exceeded(超过)a historical heat extreme limit on a regular basis since 2014.
And it is these heat extremes, researchers say, that increase the risk of breakdown of marine ecosystems(海洋生态系统), including coral reefs, seagrass meadows, and kelp forests—changing their structure and function, and threatening their capacity to continue to provide life-supporting services to human communities.
Researchers conducted the study by mapping 150 years of sea surface temperatures to determine a fixed historical benchmark (基准)for marine heat extremes. The scientists then looked at how often and how much of the ocean went beyond this point. The first year in which more than half of the ocean experienced heat extremes was 2014. The trend sustained in following years, reaching 57 percent of the ocean in 2019, the last year measured in the study. Using this benchmark, just two percent of the ocean’s surface was experiencing extremely warm temperatures at the end of the 19th century.
“These great changes we’ve recorded in the ocean are yet another piece of evidence that should be a wake-up call to act on climate change, ” said Dr. Kyle Van Houtan, who headed the research team. “We are experiencing it now and it is speeding up. Today, the majority of the ocean's surface has warmed to temperatures that only a century ago occurred as rare, once-in-50-year extreme warming events, and it indicates that we need to greatly reduce emissions(排放)from the burning of fossil fuels, which are the driver of climate change. ”
12. What caused the heat extremes according to the text
A. Water pollution. B. The life in the ocean.
C. Climate change. D. Marine ecosystem
13. Which of the following can best replace the underlined word “sustained” in paragraph 3
A. changed B. decreased C. continued D. arose
14. What can we know from Dr. Houtan’s words
A. It’s time to take action on climate change.
B. We should stop burning fossil fuels totally
C. It’s too early to say how climate change will affect humans
D. No ocean's surface has warmed to extremely warm temperatures
15 What ran be the best title for the text
A. CO2 emissions need reducing significantly
B. Warming oceans is the driver of climate change.
C. The structure of marine ecosystems is changing
D. Extreme heat is the new normal for the ocean.
河南省濮阳市2021-2022学年高二年级下学期期末学业质量监测考试英语试题（解析版）
第一节（共15小题；每小题2分，满分30分）
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。
A
It’s the noisiest house
In the whole of our town,
There’s doors always slamming, ( bang-bang-bang )
And things falling down.
There’s my dad, who keeps shouting,
And my mum, who breaks things,
The baby ( who’ll bite you! )
And our dog running rings.
There’s my sister the screamer ( the loudest speaker )
And my brother who roars (吼叫),
And a grandpa who’s stone deaf.
( He’s the one who slams doors ).
So come down to our house
You don’t need the address,
You’ll hear it ten miles away
And the outside’s a mess.
You won’t mind the racket (吵闹),
You’ll just love the din (喧器).
For there’s never a dull moment
In the house we live in!
1. What’s probably the text
A. A story. B. A play. C. A poem. D. A letter.
2. Why does the writer say “ You don’t need the address ”
A. Because noises can lead you to the house. B. Because you have come to the house before.
C. Because no one would like to visit the house. D. Because there is no address for the house at all.
3. What can we learn from the last part of the text
A. There is too much noise in the house. B. The noise drives everyone crazy.
C. The life in the house seems boring. D. The writer enjoys the “ noisy ” home.
B
Art museums can be found in most large cities. However, certain cities have a lot more very popular art museums than other places.
Art museums do not have ratings (等级) the way fine hotels or restaurants do. But we can compare museums by the number of yearly visitors in order to rate them. In one such comparison done in 2021, only art museums having one million visitors or more were included.
Starting in the US, New York City has three top-rated museums. The Met had more than 6 million visitors for the year. That total, added to the total of the other two museums, gave New York City 10.5 million visitors in 2021.
Next on the list, with just two of the city’s art museums bringing in more than one million visitors, is Beijing, China. The museum inside the largest palace in Beijing had 14 million visitors for the year. The total number of visitors to Beijing’s two art museums was about 15 million.
Europe had the greatest number of top-rated art museums. Paris had five of those museums. The Louvre, with many world famous works of art in it, had more than 9 million visitors. The total number of visitors to the top five art museums in Paris was a little more than 19 million.
The city with the most top-rated art museums was London, with nine. The British Museum alone had almost 7 million visitors in 2021. The total of all nine museums in London was 29 million visitors.
You can find great art anywhere. But if you really want to have the greatest choice of museums, London is the place to go.
4. What is used to compare and rate art museums
A. Ratings by an art expert. B. Number of people in the city.
C. Total number of exhibits. D. Total number of yearly visitors.
5. How many top-rated art museums did Beijing have
A. Two. B. Three. C. Five. D. Six.
6. What can be inferred about London from the text
A. It had the highest total of top museums. B. It had the oldest art museum worldwide.
C. It had the best art museums for history. D. It had the greatest world famous art works.
7. What’s this text about
A. Cities with the most artists. B. Cities with popular art museums.
C. Cities with the best art. D. Cities with beautiful buildings.
C
Jellyfish (水母) are badly named. They are neither a fish nor made of jelly. Instead, their bodies are made up of 95% water and 5% solid matter. They have been in existence for at least half a billion years. Therefore, they are older than dinosaurs. Surprisingly, they don’t have a brain, a heart, or lungs. You may wonder how they can possibly survive without these vital organs, but everything is for the best. They don’t have lungs because their skin is so thin that they can absorb oxygen through it. They don’t need a heart to pump blood because they don’t have any. And they have a nerve net — which is sensitive to touch — below their outer skin. They respond to the changes in their environment using signals from the nerve net, so they don’t need a brain to process complex thoughts.
Their variety is nearly endless. Most of them are umbrella-shaped and have tentacles (触角). Some jellyfish have very long tentacles. However, they never get tangled (缠结) up or sting (蜇) themselves. That’s because the tentacles are very slippery and will only sting other animals. Most jellyfish have little or no vision, but they can discover light and ocean currents, which helps them to find their way and move. A few species can also recognize color and have a 360-degree view of their environment.
Jellyfish come in all sizes, from 0.5 millimeters to the giant Nomura’s jellyfish, which can measure up to two meters in diameter and weigh over 200 kilograms. While jellyfish are beautiful, they can also be dangerous. Some jellyfish toxins (毒素) can be deadly to humans, such as those from the box jellyfish and the Australian Irukandji, but deaths are relatively rare given the number of jellyfish-sting victims every year. In any case, it’s better to stay out of the way of any jellyfish you may see! You can go swimming with dolphins, but you definitely want to think twice before swimming with jellyfish.
8. What does “everything is for the best ” in paragraph 1 mean
A. Ocean creatures without vital organs don’t lie long.
B. Jellyfish live just fine with what they naturally have.
C. Jellyfish live in the ocean because everything is suitable.
D. The numerous ocean species make life pretty easy for jellyfish.
9. How long have jellyfish lived on our planet
A. More than 500,000,000 years. B. At least 5,000,000,000 years.
C. Roughly 50,000,000 years. D. Less than 5,000,000 years.
10. Which of the following topics about jellyfish is NOT mentioned in the text
A. Their size. B. Their toxicity. C. Their diets. D. Their appearance.
11. What is the best title of the text
A. The Oldest Creature in the World B. Jellyfish — Beautiful and Dangerous
C. Have Fun Swimming with Jellyfish D. How Jellyfish Survived Dinosaurs
D
Sagarika Sriram was just 10 years old when she started reading newspaper stories about a planet in trouble. One story was about a whale that washed ashore after an oil spill (泄露). Another was about turtles found with plastic in their stomachs. Sagarika knew she needed to do something. So she joined a group that organized cleanup campaigns in Dubai, her home city, in the United Arab Emirates. The experience, she says, “ helped me understand what an individual (个人的) can do and how I can really make a difference. ”
But individual power is greatest on a larger scale (程度). So in 2016, Sagarika created Kids for a Better World. It’s a digital platform that has brought together nearly 10,000 youths from all over the world. Its goal is to fight climate change.
Sagarika is now 16. She’s part of a growing body of young climate activists who are working together in the name of a cleaner, healthier future. “We’re the generation that is going to face the consequences if the climate crisis is not dealt with, ” Sagarika says. She believes even small individual actions can create a “ripple effect ”, promoting development in the right direction. “Change can be created on large levels with even small actions. ” she says.
Kids for a Better World is for people ages 8 to 16. The platform teaches them about what they can do at home and in their community to reverse (反转) climate change. They can grow food or plant trees. They can collect recyclables and avoid using plastic bags. These are lessons Sagarika wants schools to teach. “ This is the information which can help change our future. ” she says.
Growing up in a large desert city has made Sagarika even more aware of the need for action. Her city faces risks from rising temperatures and shrinking water supplies. She believes youth advocacy (倡议) can bring attention to these environmental challenges.
Even if she’s all about small actions Sagarika has big plans. She’d like to study at Stanford University, in California. And while she’s there, she’ll continue being an activist and running Kids for a Better World. Sagarika hopes to inspire others to fight for a greener planet, as others have inspired her. “ We’re creating our own system of inspirational change-makers. ” she says.
12. What helped Sagarika realize her individual power
A. The disturbing news stories. B. The lessons in her own school.
C. Her determination to get rid of sea waste. D. Her experience with environmental activities.
13. What does “ ripple ” in paragraph 3 probably mean
A. Reducing quickly. B. Spreading gradually.
C. Shaking violently. D. Attracting slowly.
14. What does Kids for a Better World do to achieve its goal
A. It designs lessons for schools. B. It bans the use of plastic bags.
C. It encourages kids to start small. D. It asks people to grow trees in deserts.
15. What can we learn about Sagarika from the last paragraph
A. She’ll run for mayor of her home city. B. She’ll stop running Kids for a Better World.
C. She’ll inspire more to fight for a greener Earth. D. She’ll attend the most famous university in her country.
河南省巩义、登封等市2021-2022学年高二下学期期末考试英语试卷（解析版）
第一节（共15小题；每小题2分，满分30分）
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。
A
80% of the pupils who take our courses are adult. But courses at Wesley Business School (WBS) require a good knowledge of various skills, so you need some preparation courses before your professional courses. Look below and see if any of our preparation courses meet your needs. All courses take place in August and for registered pupils, the courses listed below are free.
Statistics
A grounding in statistics is a must for any would-be business student. This one-week course consists of one lecture every night. The tutor will ensure that you have a basic understanding of all the statistical skills you need to start your course at WBS. Each lecture runs from 6 pm to 9 pm.
Essay Writing
This self-study pack contains guidance, practice and tests. After 10 hours of self-study, you will receive a one-hour tutorial (at every weekend in this month) with the essay writing tutor who will go over your work with you.
Basic Math
This is an unrepeatable lecture of 3 hours aiming at reviewing the basic math you vaguely remember from school! This course runs on a first come, first served basis and there are only 20 seats (the first Monday in August from 5:45 pm to 8:45 pm), so don’t be late.
Computing
This two-week course (Mon. -Fri. from 6:30 pm to 8:30 pm) will give pupils all the basic computer skills needed for their courses at WBS. There are two courses running at the same time with only 10 seats in each, so book early! Unless otherwise stated, you must book in advance for these courses at the WBS reception.
21. What do we know about the preparation courses at WBS
A. They require good knowledge of various skills. B. They can be attended all year around.
C. They are mainly designed for grown-ups. D. They are for any pupils who are willing to learn.
22. What is special about Basic Math
A. It needs 10 hours of self-study. B. It involves some fresh basic math.
C. If you come first, you will start first. D. You can join it anytime when you are free.
23. If you always work late at weekdays, which course can you take
A. Statistics. B. Essay Writing. C. Basic Math. D. Computing.
B
As a little girl growing up in Colombia, Diana longed to explore the universe and gain more understanding of it. Her dad thought that being able to speak a second language would give her an advantage. He suggested she live with her aunt in Miami while going to school. Only 17 years old at the time, she accepted his suggestion.
With just $300 in her pocket, Diana took a series of housekeeping jobs to put herself through community college and later the University of Florida. In addition to learning English, she studied aerospace engineering. Sometimes she had to take six buses just to get to class. Other days she was cleaning bathrooms to continue her. studies. But Diana saw everything coming her way as an opportunity.
Diana applied to the NASA Academy in her, senior year of college, and was the first immigrant Latina in the academy. NASA hired her that year, and in 2009, she became a telecom system engineer for the Curiosity Rover (探测器) that landed successfully on Mars in 2012. During this mission, she developed a dust removal tool to help scientists better explore Mars’ surface, which earned her recognition as one of the 20 most influential Latinas in the technology industry. Since then, Diana has only kept setting the bar higher. In her second mission, it took her team two years to create the robotic arm for the Perseverance Rover that would bring back soil samples from the Red Planet to learn if there once was life there.
Right now, her mission is to help more Latinas realize they can be also successful in the exploration of science and technology. Last week, she hosted NASA’s first-ever Spanish-language live broadcast for Perseverance’s arrival on Mars and it gained more than 2.5 million views online.
24. What did Diana do after 17 years old
A. She got $300 from her father. B. She began to learn a second language.
C. She supported herself through college. D. She helped her aunt to do housekeeping jobs.
25. What was her contribution to the Curiosity Rover
A. She directed the telecom system. B. She explored the surface of Mars.
C. She was the leader of the campaign. D. She designed a tool to remove the dust.
26. What is her latest mission
A. To fight for the women’ equal rights.
B. To host a broadcast to attract more viewers.
C. To create the robotic arm for the Perseverance Rover.
D. To encourage more Latinas study science and technology.
27. What can we know from Diana’s story
A. It is never too old to learn. B. Behind bad luck comes good luck.
C. Nothing is impossible to a willing heart. D. Reading is to the mind what exercise is to the body.
C
How can you recognize a British, a German, and a Frenchman, apart from their accents and names
There are ways people dress, but they are very complex and would take a lot of time to explain. Some items of clothing are just more popular in some countries than. in others. For example, Germans often wear sandals (凉鞋) with their socks on, which is something a Frenchman would normally never do. In Berlin, where I live, people don’t really dress as smart as they would in Paris or London. The Germans have a reputation for not caring so much about their outward appearance — as long as the clothes are comfortable, they’re happy! They also seem to love sportswear more than people anywhere else.
The French cannot queue, while the British just seem to love it. French people are always late, British people are always on time and the Germans are always early.
French people use their hands a lot more when they speak, and take a lot more time to say something. French people care a lot how things are done or said. The British do care how things are done and said, but only in a context of politeness. The Germans just care how things are done. The French and the British seem to care more how things look, for example, food products and packaging.
When it comes to food, for example in a restaurant, a Frenchman would never think of ordering beer with a meal, which is something tally normal for a German or a British.
I find the Germans the cleanest and most disciplined in public space. The French are the worst and the British somehow in between.
28. According to the passage, how can we tell the three kinds of people apart
A. By their behaviour. B. By their nicknames. C. By the colour of their skin. D. By their facial expressions.
29. If a man is dressed in casual clothes, where does he probably come from
A. France. B. Germany. C. Britain. D. India.
30. What can you learn from the passage
A. German people care more how things look.
B. Frenchmen are strictly in order when queuing for food.
C. British people are always likely to care how things are done and said.
D. Of the three kinds of people, the Germans are the most self-controlled in public.
31. How does author explain his ideas
A. By giving numbers. B. By giving logical reasoning.
C. By making a comparison. D. By making a detailed description.
D
Remembering things is an important function of our brain — if we can’t recall how to do something, we can’t survive. If you think about it, there is so much we. have to remember. It’s no surprise that sometimes we are forgetful.
Memory allows the brain to store and recall information when required. Our short-term memory can hold a small amount of information for a short time, while our long-term memory can hold an unlimited amount of information for a long time. Our memory is amazing, but why do we still forget things
It’s possible we don’t always store information in our memory effectively, maybe because we are in a rush or we consider it irrelevant at the time. When we store information, we often make connections with other things, which helps us recall it later. If you don’t have these connections, then it can be easier to forget. Writing for the Science Focus, Luis Villazon says, “It is also possible that memories become dim over time. As they have not been revisited, their biological ‘trace’ becomes lost.” It’s true that if you don’t perform a task for a long period of time, it can be difficult to recall how to do it.
But sometimes even our short-term memory can let us down. This is called “The Doorway Effect”. Writing for the Future website, psychologist Tom Stafford explains that this “occurs because we change both the physical and mental environments, moving to a different room and thinking about different things”. Put simply, we are trying to spin too many plates at the same time. So, if you forget things easily, it could be because you have too much in your mind.
But we do need to keep our memory sharp by continually using it. Especially when we beyond our 50s, our brains tend to shrink in volume. That’s when we’re at more risk of getting Alzheimer’s disease.
However, as Luis Villazon says, “Forgetting is not always a bad thing! It would waste resources if we remembered every detail of the world around us.”
32. What is the function of memory
A. To memorize things only. B. To use and exercise our brain.
C. To store information in computers. D. To store information and recall it when necessary.
33. What does the underlined word “dim” in Paragraph 3 mean
A. Unclear. B. Strong. C. Hard. D. Simple.
34. Which action maybe belongs to “The Doorway Effect”
A. You find it hard to recite all the teacher said.
B. You forget the money you hid under the bed 10 years ago.
C. You don’t know what to order when you are in the restaurant.
D. You suddenly can’t remember what to do as soon as you get home.
35. What is the best title of the passage
A. How our brain works B. Why we forget
C. Memory and diseases D. Long-term memory and short-term memory
河南省三门峡市2021-2022学年度高二下学期期末英语质量检测试卷
第一节（共15小题; 每小题2分, 满分30分）
阅读下列短文, 从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中, 选出最佳答案。
A
Judges Sought for Student Research Showcase
Sigma Xi is seeking professional researchers and science communicators to judge the Student Research Showcase, a science communication competition for high school, undergraduate, and graduate students. Judges from the following disciplines （学科）are needed April 3-10 to evaluate and provide feedback on presentation websites.
*agriculture, soil, and natural resources
*cell biology and biochemistry
*environmental sciences
*human behavioral and social sciences
*math and computer science
*physics and astronomy
Each volunteer will judge up to 10 student websites that contain a research abstract, slide show, and video. Judges interact with contestants （参赛者）by posting comments and questions on the sites. allowing flexibility with each judge's personal schedule. No travel is required. The students compete to be named a division winner and receive up to 500.
Sigma Xi membership is preferred, but not required, to judge. To volunteer by March 31, go to https: //www. sigmaxi.org/meetings-events/volunteer.
The Public Can Help
Everyone can vote for the People's Choice Award winner, based on the quality of the presentation's video. The winner receives up to S250.
Find more details at https: //www. sigmaxi.org/meetings-eventsistudent-research-showcase.
21. Which of the following has the qualification to judge the showcase
A. A professor of human behavioral sciences.
B. An expert on western literature.
C. A volunteer in medicine.
D. An undergraduate of physics and astronomy.
22. To select the division winner, the judges should ______.
A. judge the contestants at any time
B. evaluate the students websites
C. assess the membership of Sigma Xi
D. check the lecture given on science
pared with People's Choice Award winner, the Division winner received ___more.
A. $500 B. $250 C. nothing D. A free travel
B
Ming Tinggui, 41, a landlord in Xi'an, Shaanxi province, has become famous online because of his acts of kindness during the city's COVID-19 lockdown.
Xi'an imposed a citywide lockdown on Dec 23 in an effort to curb a resurgence of COVID-19. Ming had 81tenants in Yanta district at that time, about 80 percent of whom were students who had moved to Xi'an to attend training classes, begin internships or take China's postgraduate entrance exam, scheduled from Dec. 25 to 27.
Most of the students only brought simple belongings that could fit inside a suitcase with no room for pots or pans to cook with. Under lockdown they were not allowed to go out, making mealtime a major headache. Having seen his young tenants living on instant noodles and snacks, Ming decided to cook meals for them.
He bought as many vegetables as possible in the community and told his tenants via WeChat that he could provide dinner for them each day. His idea was warmly welcomed. The tenants placed their orders in the WeChat group every day, and Ming prepared their meals accordingly.
His wife and 65-year-old mother also joined him to wash vegetables and dishes. Although there were food supply problems at the beginning of the lockdown, Ming still managed to buy some meat for his hungry young tenants. Ming received as many as 45 orders a day. Some of the tenants wanted to pay him for the dinner but were refused.
With the tenants' safety in mind, Ming divided the orders into small groups so that they could fetch their dinner one by one while keeping two meters from each other.
Greatly moved, the tenants reported his good deeds to the local media, shooting him to stardom overnight.
24. The following statements are true except ___.
A. most of Ming's tenants are students
B. some tenants stayed there for training, or exam
C. many of the tenants can't cook themselves
D. some failed to afford the living expenses
25. What probably is Ming Tinggui
A. A tenant B. A student C. A boss D. A volunteer
26. What do we know about Ming's Family from Paragraph 5
A. They have talent in housework.
B. They back up what Ming does.
C. They show great diligence.
D. They are considerate.
27. Which can best describe the deed of Ming
A. All roads lead to Rome.
B. Where is a will, there is a way.
C. Don't talk the talk if you can't walk the walk.
D. A real helping hand is to give but expect nothing in return.
C
Depending on the topic, people's opinions can change from moment to moment or last a lifetime. The factors that make one opinion long-lasting and another short-lived, however, are not always clear.
Past studies have shown that opinions based on hard facts and data can remain constant over time, but new research published in the journal Psychological Science finds that opinions based on feelings and emotions can also stand the test of time.
As part of their study, the researchers asked more than 1, 000 people to what degree they believed opinions based on feelings or emotional reactions were more stable over time than those based on thinking and reasoned analysis. Only 15% expressed any belief that opinions based on emotion would be more stable over time.
To test the role that emotion plays in forming long-lasting opinions, the researchers conducted seven independent studies involving more than 20, 000 participants in various real-world situations.
The first survey, which was conducted the day after Christmas, measured feelings about recently received gifts. The participants were given a list of adjectives （形容词）to describe their opinions toward their gifts. Adjectives like "worthwhile" were associated with a practical reaction to the gift, while words like "delightful" were more strongly associated with an emotional reaction. One month later, the participants completed a follow-up survey to test the endurance （持久性）of their opinions. The results showed that the stronger the positive emotional reaction, the more likely that opinion remained fixed one month later.
In the final test, participants read one of two messages about an imaginary sea animal. One message contained broad-ranging facts about the animal （low-emotion condition）. The other message was about a swimmer's underwater interaction with the animal （high-emotion condition）. The participants in the high-emotion condition showed significantly less change in their opinions across time. “Emotionality is a predictor （预测因子）of long-lasting opinions which is unrecognized, ＂said Andrew Luttrell, a researcher at Ball State University. "These findings are important for understanding why some opinions are so difficult to change as well as how to create opinions that stick. ”
28. What did the survey of 1000 people show
A. Creating long-lasting opinions was a long process.
B. Opinions based on hard facts could stand the test of time.
C. Only a small percentage of people identified the essential part of emotion.
D. Only a small percentage of people dared to express their opinions.
29. Which of the following experiences will lead to a long-lasting opinion according to the research
A. Riding a safe car.
B. Watching an exciting football match.
C. Reading a valuable book.
D. Listening to a boring speech.
30. The following statement is true but
A. The findings have been concluded from emotional facts
B. The long last opinions are predicable
C. The findings have something to do with creative opinions
D. They help understand the endurance of opinions
31. What can be a suitable title for the text
A. Emotion varies based on different facts.
B. Emotion can help clarify the opinions.
C. Opinions can last when based on emotion.
D. Opinions once formed are hard to change.
D
Cyberspace （网络空间）is constantly developing and presenting new opportunities, as the desire of businesses to quickly adopt new technologies, such as using the Internet to open new channels and adopting cloud services, provides vast opportunity. But, it also brings unexpected risks and unintended consequences that can have a potentially negative effect.
Hardly a day goes by without news of a new cyber threat. Unfortunately, businesses tend to misjudge how much risk they face from cyber crimes and how quickly this risk can develop. For them, the commercial, reputational and financial risks that go with cyberspace presence are real and growing every day.
So all businesses need to do now is establish cyber security within their organization, right
Establishing cyber security alone is not enough. Nowadays, it is not very difficult for attackers to break security and stop the overall business system. Preventive measures are not enough to stop them. With the advancement of technology, hackers （黑客）have been changing and developing. So business risk management should include risk resilience （复原力）so that businesses can respond to any damaging cyberspace activity. Cyber resilience helps businesses successfully recover to their pre-attack business processes and business operations.
Building cyber resilience is not easy. A key finding of an authentic cyber-resilience report is that no organization can respond effectively on its own to the threats from cyberspace. Organisations must work together to share intelligence and resources. In this way, the quality, usability and authenticity of intelligence will be greatly improved.
32. What is the purpose of the first paragraph
A. To make the development of cyberspace known.
B. To show the great contributions from business.
C. To make the technologies adopted by businesses attractive.
D. To make the topic appealing.
33. From the author's perspective, businesses are ___.
A. lacking in awareness of cyber safety
B. financially abundant
C. managed successfully
D. developed in judgment
34. Cyber resilience is currently necessary for the reason that ___.
A. it can prevent attacks
B. threats are always transforming
C. cyber security doesn't work now
D. it keeps all the hackers off the internet
35. What's the main idea of the last paragraph
A. Effective resilience can be built by an organization alone.
B. Joint efforts are required in the formation of true resilience.
C. A great amount of difficulty prevented building resilience.
D. The cyberspace threat is nothing when cooperation is used.
答案：
河南省郑州市2021-2022学年高二下学期期末考试英语试题（解析版）
【答案】1. A 2. C 3. A
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇新闻报道。文章介绍北京是第一个举办夏季和冬季奥运会的城市。北京冬奥会使用人造雪有很多优势，而且也是环保的。
【1题详解】
推理判断题。根据第三段““If you want to wait for nature ensured the smooth running of the Winter Games, provide you with all of the required materials to ski on, you risk not being able organize a competition,” the former International Ski Federation (FIS) freestyle coordinator Joseph Fitzgerald told Xinhua. (“如果你想等待大自然确保冬奥会的顺利举行，为你提供滑雪所需的所有材料，你就有可能无法组织比赛，”前国际滑雪联合会（FIS）自由式协调人约瑟夫·菲茨杰拉德告诉新华社)”可推知，约瑟夫认为冬奥会不应该仅仅依靠自然降雪，也可以采用人工降雪的方法来确保比赛顺利进行。故选A。
【2题详解】
主旨大意题。根据第四段前两句话“Artificial snow has been commonly seen in the Olympic Winter Games for decades ever since its first use in Lake Placid, New York, in 1980. Artificial snow has many benefits. (自1980年纽约普莱西德湖首次使用人造雪以来，几十年来，人造雪在冬季奥运会上一直很常见。人造雪有很多好处)”可知，第四段主要介绍人造雪给冬奥会带来的好处。故选C。
【3题详解】
推理判断题。根据最后一段第一句话以及DavideCerato所说的话“Snow machines at the Beijing 2022 Winter Games all ran on renewable energy. “We have designed the latest in snow-making. It’s very efficient in terms of energy consumption and the use of water,” Davide Cerato , an Italian mountain operation expert in charge of snow-making in Zhangjiakou, told China Daily. (北京2022年冬奥会上的雪机都使用可再生能源。“我们设计了最新的造雪技术。它在能耗和用水方面都非常高效，”负责张家口造雪的意大利山区运营专家DavideCerato告诉《中国日报》)”可推知，北京冬奥会的造雪机对环境是友好的。故选A。
【答案】4. B 5. C 6. A 7. D
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇记叙文。主要讲述了作者被邀请参加一项活动，介绍了准备过程中的三个障碍以及活动带给自己的感受。
【4题详解】
细节理解题。根据第一段中“I was amazed, but I had no choice, as it was an honor to be asked.(我很惊讶，但我别无选择，因为被邀请是我的荣幸)”可知，当被邀请参加活动时，作者感觉惊讶。故选B。
【5题详解】
细节理解题。根据第二段中“During my first two practices, I tried to imitate the foreign ministry spokesmen. But I felt embarrassed and couldn’t find myself like a true spokesperson when speaking.(在我的前两次实践中，我试图模仿外交部发言人。但我觉得很尴尬，在说话的时候，我觉得自己不像一个真正的发言人)”可知，作者在准备过程中遇到的挑战是她很难表现得像一个发言人。故选C。
【6题详解】
细节理解题。根据最后一段中“I’m also proud of Chinese diplomats, who meet all kinds of questions and emergencies every day but manage to keep showing Chinese wisdom and conveying Chinese values. That’s the kind of person I want to be!(我也为中国的外交官们感到骄傲，他们每天都要面对各种各样的问题和紧急情况，但他们始终展示着中国的智慧，传递着中国的价值观。我就想成为这样的人！)”可知，作者认为她的演讲帮助她找到了自己真正的人生目标。故选A。
【7题详解】
推理判断题。根据文章主要讲述了作者被邀请参加一项活动，介绍了准备过程中的三个障碍以及活动带给自己的感受。可推知，作者在这篇文章中主要想告诉我们她在活动中的成功经验。故选D。
【答案】8. D 9. C 10. D 11. A
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了作者在婆婆去世后发现了很多自己和丈夫写给婆婆的信，读着这些信作者回忆起了很多生活的细节，作者认为手写的文字可以加强情感联系，是给彼此最好的礼物。
【8题详解】
细节理解题。根据第二段最后两句话“ I began writing all these details for my children, and now they have details about when they were small. I discovered much I’d forgotten.(我开始为我的孩子们写这些细节，现在他们有了关于他们小时候的细节。我发现了很多我忘记的东西)”可知，作者读完信后，把孩子们童年的细节写了下来。故选D。
【9题详解】
主旨大意题。根据第四段“I come from a long line of letter writers and was trained to stay in touch with our parents. My grandparents loved to receive letters from across the ocean. When I was away on a student exchange in 1970, my mother told me my grandfather kept my airmail letters in his pocket and read them daily. Knowing this, I’ve tried my best to write to our family regularly.(我出身于一个经常写信的家庭，并被训练要与父母保持联系。我的祖父母喜欢接收来自大洋彼岸的信件。1970年我去作交换学生时，母亲告诉我，祖父把我的航空信放在口袋里，每天都读。知道这一点，我尽了最大努力定期给家人写信)”可知，本段主要讲述了是什么鼓励作者一直写信。故选C。
【10题详解】
细节理解题。根据倒数第二段“The handwritten word is a powerful tool of friendship and it connects us together.(手写文字是友谊的有力工具，它将我们联系在一起)”可知，手写文字的力量加强了情感的联系。故选D。
【11题详解】
推理判断题。通读全文，结合最后一段“Keep writing to those you love. Those letters are our greatest gifts to each other.(继续给你爱的人写信。这些信是我们给彼此最好的礼物)”可知，本文主要讲述了作者在婆婆去世后发现了很多自己和丈夫写给婆婆的信，读着这些信作者回忆起了很多生活的细节，作者认为手写的文字可以加强情感联系，是给彼此最好的礼物。由此可知，作者写这篇文章的目的是：鼓励人们多给所爱的人写信，增加彼此之间的情感联系。故选A。
【答案】12. B 13. B 14. C 15. A
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍了一种新型的通过识别眼睛来进行脸部识别的技术，即使你带着口罩也能精准识别人脸。
【12题详解】
词句猜测题。根据“Many people rely on this technology to unlock their phones open doors or make quick payments, but there is a problem: Everyone is wearing masks.(许多人依靠这项技术来解锁手机、开门或快速支付，但有一个问题：每个人都戴着口罩)”可知，虽然依靠这项技术来解锁手机、开门或快速支付，但是每个人都戴着口罩，没法用脸部识别技术，这是需要解决的问题，由此可推断出，划线单词hassle在此句意思是“问题”之意。故选B项。
【13题详解】
细节理解题。根据第三段中“Marios Savvides, a professor at Carnegie Mellon University, US, studies facial recognition technology. As we get older, he said, our faces change shape, but not the area around our eyes. It stays the same -even if we put on weight. Another company, Geneva-based Tech5, has also been working on this kind of software. It has AI that measures the shape of your face. It also scans your irises and hopes to ignore all of the face below the nose. (美国卡内基梅隆大学的Marios Savvides教授研究面部识别技术。他说，随着年龄的增长，我们的脸会改变形状，但眼睛周围的区域不会。即使我们变胖了，它也不会变。另一家总部位于日内瓦的公司Tech5也一直在开发这类软件。它的人工智能可以测量你的脸型。它还会扫描你的虹膜，并希望忽略鼻子以下的所有面部)”可知，面部识别软件通过扫描眼睛的虹膜来识别戴口罩的人。故选B项。
【14题详解】
推理判断题。根据最后一段“Huang Lei admits one big weakness of this technology: It fails when people wear both a mask and sunglasses.“In this situation, all of the key facial information is lost, “Huang said to E&T.(黄磊承认这项技术有一个很大的弱点:当人们同时戴口罩和太阳镜时，它就失效了。“在这种情况下，所有关键的面部信息都丢失了，”黄对E&T说)”可知，新技术还有改进的余地。故选C项。
15题详解】
主旨大意题。根据第一段“Facial recognition cameras are everywhere.(面部识别摄像头无处不在)”以及第二段中“What’s the secret It’s all about your eyes.(有什么秘密吗？关键在于你的眼睛)”可知，本文主要介绍一种通过眼睛来识别人脸的技术，所以A项“Identification through eyes(通过眼睛识别身份)”最适合做文章的标题。故选A项。
河南省焦作市2021-2022学年高二下期期末考试英语试题（解析版）
【答案】1. A 2. B 3. D
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇应用文，介绍了英国一些值得参观的城市。
【1题详解】
细节理解题。根据Norwich, Norfolk部分中的“With 31 surviving medieval(中世纪的) churches, Norwich is an easily overlooked historical treasure.”(诺维奇拥有31座现存的中世纪教堂，是一个容易被忽视的历史宝藏。)可知，Norwich有31座幸存下来的中世纪教堂，因此来到这里的人能够看到很多古建筑。故选A。
【2题详解】
细节理解题。根据Dungeness, Kent部分中的“Located on the Kent coast, its windswept beaches and inland nature reserve, coupled with big skies and sea air, make it the perfect place to spend an afternoon getting the freshest air imaginable.”(位于肯特海岸，海风吹拂的海滩和内陆自然保护区，加上广阔的天空和海洋空气，使它成为一个完美的地方，花一个下午获得最新鲜的空气，可以想象。)可知，在Dungeness, Kent可以体验新鲜的海洋空气。故选B。
【3题详解】
细节理解题。根据Manchester部分中的“The vibrant Northern Quarter is great for shopping, while places such as Bridgewater Hall, Home and the Albert Hall make it the place for culture lovers.”(充满活力的北区是购物的好地方，而布里奇沃特大厅、家和阿尔伯特大厅等地方则是文化爱好者的地方。)和Glasgow部分中“But as Scotland’s largest city it easily matches the capital when it comes to architecture, art and culture.”(但作为苏格兰最大的城市，在建筑、艺术和文化方面，它很容易与首都媲美)可知，曼彻斯特和格拉斯哥都有丰富的文化。故选D。
【答案】4. B 5. D 6. A 7. C
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇记叙文。讲述流浪汉Elmer检到巨额支票物归原主以及他和支票主人之间一些动人故事。
【4题详解】
细节理解题。根据第二段中的“The owner of the large check was a real estate(房地产) agent named Roberta Hoskie.(这张大额支票的主人是一个名叫Roberta Hoskie的房地产经纪人。)”以及第四段首句“And since Roberta is in the real estate business, she realized she could send Elmer to the real estate school to be a part of her company.(既然Roberta在房地产行业里，她意识到她可以送Elmer去房地产学校，成为她公司的一员。)”可知，Roberta是一名成功人士。故选B项。
【5题详解】
细节理解题。根据第四段的最后一句“Roberta’s heart was drawn to Elmer’s story because it reminded her of her own past.(Roberta的心被Elmer的故事给吸引了因为它让她想起了她的过去。)”以及第五段的第二句“Her experience of being homeless reminded her that she could be a blessing to someone and change their life, too.(她无家可归的经历提醒着她，她也可以给某人带来福气并改变他们的一生。)”可知， Elmer的故事使Roberta产生了共鸣，让她想起了她有过类似的过去。故选D项。
【6题详解】
推理判断题。根据第一段最后一句“Instead of cashing it in for himself, he looked for its rightful owner.(没有将这张支票换成现金给自己用，反而他寻找这张支票合法的主人。)”以及最后一段第一句“Elmer’s honesty is something that should be applauded.(Elmer的诚实是某种应该得到赞赏的东西。)”可知，Elmer是一个十分诚实的人；再根据第四段的第二句“Not only that, but she also rewarded him with an apartment and paid seven months’ worth of rent to help him get back on his feet.(不仅如此，她还奖励他一个公寓并为他支付了7个月的租金来帮助他重新振作起来。)”可知，Elmer因为拾金不昧而受到Roberta的慷慨相助，解决了他无家可归的问题。因此Elmer也是幸运的。故选A项。
【7题详解】
主旨大意题。根据第四段的第二句“Not only that, but she also rewarded him with an apartment and paid seven months’ worth of rent to help him get back on his feet.(不仅如此，她还奖励他一个公寓并为他支付了7个月的租金来帮助他重新振作起来。)” 以及最后一段第一句“Elmer’s honesty is something that should be applauded.(Elmer的诚实是某种应该得到赞赏的东西。)”可知，Elmer拾金不昧的行为得到失主的欣赏，也得到了失主的帮助，解决了他无家可归的状况，因此Elmer的故事告诉我们：好人有好报。故选C项。
【答案】8. A 9. D 10. B 11. B
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。介绍了减肥成功并保持下去的人士的成功秘诀。
【8题详解】
细节理解题。根据第二段中的“Researchers then used machine learning to group responses by topic.”(然后，研究人员使用机器学习按主题对回答进行分组。)可知，研究人员使用机器学习来根据话题对回答进行分组。故选A。
【9题详解】
细节理解题。根据第三段中的“Setbacks were not described as failures. They were seen as a temporary interruption in their path.”(挫折并没有被描述为失败。他们被看作是他们前进道路上的暂时中断。)可知，挫折被视为是减肥者前进道路上的暂时的障碍。故选D。
【10题详解】
细节理解题。根据最后一段中的“Many said that perseverance was vital in overcoming the inevitable(不可避免的) setbacks.”(许多人说，坚持不懈是克服不可避免的挫折的关键。)可知，坚持不懈是克服不可避免的挫折的必要条件。故选B。
【11题详解】
推理判断题。根据第一段中“A new Cal Poly study powered by machine learning shows some secrets to how people lose weight and keep it off: persevering despite setbacks(挫折), regularly looking back at what their life was like before the weight loss, and remaining focused on their health.”(加州理工大学一项由机器学习支持的新研究揭示了人们如何减肥并保持体重的一些秘密：尽管遭遇挫折，但仍坚持下去，定期回顾减肥前的生活，并始终关注自己的健康。)可知，本文介绍了减肥成功并保持下去的人士的成功秘诀，因此文章可能会出现在健康版块中。故选B。
【答案】12. C 13. C 14. A 15. D
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍了海洋极酷热的现象将是一种新常态。
【12题详解】
细节理解题。根据第一段中的“New Monterey Bay Aquarium-led research shows extremely warm ocean temperatures driven by climate change are the new normal.”（ 蒙特利湾水族馆领导的一项新研究表明，气候变化导致的极端温暖的海洋温度是新常态。）可知，气候变化导致了海洋温度的极端升高。故选C。
【13题详解】
词义猜测题。根据第三段“The first year in which more than half of the ocean experienced heat extremes was 2014.”（2014年是第一年，一半以上的海洋经历了极端高温。）以及“reaching 57 percent of the ocean in 2019, the last year measured in the study”（2019年达到了海洋面积的57%，这是研究中测量的最后一年。）可知，从2014年到2019年，高温状态一直持续。故该词表示“持续”，与continue同义。故选C。
【14题详解】
推理判断题。根据第四段中的“These great changes we’ve recorded in the ocean are yet another piece of evidence that should be a wake-up call to act on climate change”（ 我们在海洋中记录的这些巨大变化是另一个证据，应该是对气候变化采取行动的警钟）可推知，是时候要重视气候变化了。故选A。
【15题详解】
主旨大意题。根据第一段“New Monterey Bay Aquarium-led research shows extremely warm ocean temperatures driven by climate change are the new normal.”（蒙特利湾水族馆领导的一项新研究表明，气候变化导致的极端温暖的海洋温度是新常态。）可知，本文主要介绍了海洋极端酷热的现象将是一种新常态这一新研究。故选D。
河南省濮阳市2021-2022学年高二年级下学期期末学业质量监测考试英语试题（解析版）
【答案】1. C 2. A 3. D
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇诗歌类的记叙文。主要讲述了作者介绍自己的家，并且表达了自己对于家的热爱。
【1题详解】
推理判断题。根据文章大意以及文章的篇章结构，故可推知，这篇文章可能是一篇诗歌类文章。故选C项。
【2题详解】
细节理解题。