人教版（2019） 选择性必修第二册 Unit 1 Science and Scientists Words课件-(33张ppt)
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| 名称 | 人教版（2019） 选择性必修第二册 Unit 1 Science and Scientists Words课件-(33张ppt) |  | |
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| 版本资源 | 人教版（2019） | ||
| 科目 | 英语 | ||
| 更新时间 | 2022-12-02 09:45:21 | ||
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(共33张PPT)
1. severe adj. 极为恶劣的; 十分严重的;严厉的; 苛刻的
【归纳】
be severe on/with 对……严厉(=be hard on= be strict with)
be severe with oneself 严于律己
【拓展】
severely adv. 很严重地; 极为恶劣地
e.g. His injuries are severe.
severe weather conditions
She was a severe woman who seldom smiled.
2. frustrated adj. 懊恼的；沮丧的；失意的
a frustrated artist 不得志的艺术家 feel frustrated 感到沮丧
be frustrated with/at 对。。灰心丧气
frustrate v. 使受挫
frustrating adj.令人沮丧的
frustration n. 懊恼；沮丧 with frustration 沮丧地
3. contradictory adj. 互相矛盾的；互相对立的
be contradictory to… 与……矛盾、相反
e.g. His remark was contradictory to the truth.
他的叙述与事实矛盾。
【拓展】
contradict v. 反驳; 与……相矛盾
contradict sb 反驳某人 contradict oneself 自相矛盾
contradiction n. 抵触; 矛盾; 矛盾的说法
4. once and for all 最终地；彻底地；最后一次（强调不耐烦）；
We need to tackle this issue once and for all.
She warned Jim once and for all.
关于all 的短语：
first of all 首先 after all 毕竟；终究
above all 最重要是 all in all 总而言之
in all 总共= in total = altogether
5. infection n.感染；传染；传染病
infect v.使感染；传染
infected adj.带菌的；感染病菌的
infectious adj.感染的；传染性的
be infected with 感染上。。
infect ...with....把。。传染给。。；使（某种感情）感染。。
she infected the whole class with her laughter.
她的笑声感染了全班同学
6. subscribe v. 认购(股份)；定期订购；
定期缴纳(会费) ; 定期捐款赞助
e.g.
Each employee may subscribe for up to￡2,000 worth of shares.
You can subscribe to the magazine for as little as $32 a year.
She subscribes to an environmental action group.
subscribe to 同意, 赞成= approve of = agree with
e.g. I have never subscribed to the view that schooldays are the happiest days of your life.
subscriber n. 订阅人；定期捐款者；消费者
subscription n. 订阅；订阅费；定期捐款
【运用】翻译下面句子。
1) I subscribed to a few charities.
我捐助了一些慈善机构。
2) Do you subscribe to her view of the state of the economy
你是否同意她对经济状况所持的观点？
3) We subscribed to all the main medical journals.
我们订阅了所有主要的医学期刊。
7.proof n.证据；证明；检验； 防。。的；抗。。的
there is proof that 。。。有证据表明。。。
be living proof that/of sth 是。。活生生的证明
he is living proof that not all engineers are boring.
rainproof adj.防水的；防雨的；n.雨衣
windproof 防风的
8.multiple adj. 数量多的；多种多样的； n.连锁商店
a multiple crash 连环撞车 multiple/chain store 连锁商店
multiple choice questions 多选题
multiply v. 乘；增加；繁殖 multiply A by B A乘以B
We must multiply our efforts to explore the future.
我们必须加倍努力，探索未来。
The creature can multiply quickly.
9. suspect v. 怀疑; 疑有; 不信任 n.嫌疑犯; 嫌疑分子; 可疑对象
suspicion n.怀疑
suspicious adj.感觉可疑的
【常用搭配】
suspect sb. of doing sth. 怀疑某人做某事
suspect sb. as/to be 怀疑某人是。。
Peter is suspected of giving false information.
He is the prime suspect in the case.
“vt.+ sb.+of sth” :
warn sb of sth 警告某人某事
accuse sb of sth 控告某人某事
cure sb of sth 治愈某人某种疾病
inform sb of sth 告知某人某事
convince sb of sth 使某人相信某事
remind sb of sth 提醒某人某事；使某人想起某事
rid sb of sth 使某人摆脱某事
10. blame
v. 责备; 指责; 把……归咎于
n. 责任; 责备; 指责
【归纳】
blame sb for (doing) sth 因(做)某事责备某人
be to blame (for sth.) 对某事负有责任；该受责备
blame sth on sb 把某事归咎于某人 = lay / put the blame for sth on sb
e.g. Marie still blames herself for Patrick's death.
You can't blame all your problems on your family.
Officials believe that more than one person may be to blame for the fire.
【运用】根据汉语意思补全下面句子（每空一词）。
1) 如果你误了火车，不要怪我。
Don’t ________ ________ if you miss the train.
2) 他们把失败归咎于乔治。
They __________ _______ _______ for the failure _______ George.
3) 医院正在调查事故的责任人是谁。
The hospital is investigating to find out _______ ______ ______ _______ for the accident.
to blame
blame me
laid/put the blame
who is
on
11. handle n. 把手;柄 v. 处理（=deal with ）; 搬动; 控制, 操纵(车辆、动物、工具等)
turn the handle 转动把手 the handle of a knife 刀柄
handle a crisis 处理危机 handle with care 小心搬运
get / have a handle on 弄懂，理解，搞明白
e.g. It’s difficult to get / have a handle on how widespread this problem is.
12. intervention n.介入；出面；干涉
intervene v. 干预；干扰 intervene in 干涉；调停
13. link n. 联系; 连接； 关系; 纽带
v. 把……连接起来；联系; 相关联
link A to/with B 把A和B连接起来 be linked to/with 与。。有关/有联系
与。。有关的说法有：
be related to ;be involved in ;
be associated with ; have sth to do with; be connected with;
【运用】 写出下面句子中画线部分的词性及中文释义。
1) The road links all the new towns.
_______ ________________
2) For elderly people, TV is an important link with the outside world.
________ ________
名词 纽带
动词 将……连接起来
14. raw adj.未熟的；生的；未经处理的；原始的
raw material 原材料 a raw beginner/hand 新手
be raw to 对。。不熟练
catch sb on the raw 说人痛处；揭人短处
翻译：
It’s obvious that the graduate is raw to his work.
She was always ready to catch people on the raw.
15. pure adj. 干净的；纯的；纯粹的 pure water 纯净水
purely adv.纯粹地；完全地 purify v.使纯净
adj.+-ify v.
just adj. justify v.使公正；使正当
beautiful adj. beautify v.美化
terrible adj. terrify v.使害怕
simple adj. simplify v.简化
16.substantial adj.大量的；价值巨大的；实质的；客观的
substantially adv.本质上；实质上；大体上；相当多地
substance n.实质；物质；财产；内容；重要性
17.decrease v. (使)变小, (使)减少 ；降低 n. 减少; 减少的量；降低
【归纳】
decrease （from） to… 减少到……
decrease by … 减少了……(表示减少的量)
decease in … 在……方面减少
on the decrease 在减少
e.g. The number of new students decreased from 210 to 160 this year.
Average house prices decreased by 13% last year.
This species of bird is decreasing in numbers every year.
词条 用法 常作成分
thanks to “多亏”，多放在句首，用来表达好的方面 (接近于原意 “感谢”)，偶用于讽刺口吻。 作状语
owing to 后接某事，可置于句首或句末。 常作状语、表语
due to 正式用语，可与owing to 互换 常作表语、状语或定语
because of 着重某事发生的原因 常作状语
on account of 后接名词
as a result of 用在有上下文的情况下
18. thanks to 幸亏，由于
e.g. Thanks to your help, we succeeded．
It was all a great success — thanks to a lot of hard work.
19. transform v. 使改观, 使变形, 使转化
【归纳】
transform … (from…) into … 把……变成……
transform … with … 用……来改变……
e.g. This equipment can transform light into energy.
We can transform the world with our knowledge.
【拓展】
transformation n. 改变、转化(不可数); 具体变化(可数)
transformable adj. 可变形的；可变化的
transformer n. 促使改变的人或物；变压器
【运用】
根据括号内的汉语提示，完成下面句子（每空一词）。
1) Well, you've certainly ____________ _________ _________ (改变了这个村子) — it looks great!
2) In several decades, my hometown has been ____________ ________ (变成了) a major industrial city.
3) It's said that the shape of such a toy _______ _______________ (是可变形的).
4) His attitude to life has gone through a(n) _____________ (改变).
transformation
transformed this village
transformed
into
is transformable
20. thinking n. 思想；思维；见解
creative thinking 创造性思维
without thinking = without hesitation 不假思索
21.finding n.发现；调查结果；判决
the findings of the survey 调查发现 earlier findings 早期的发现
常用复数形式且以-ing结尾的名词：
findings 调查结果 earnings 薪水 belongings 财物
surroundings 环境 savings 积蓄
22.initial adj. 最初的；开始的
initially adv.开始；最初；起初
in the initial stage 在最初阶段
23.theoretical adj.理论的；推想的；假设的
theory n.理论；原理；学说
24.solid adj.可靠的；固体的；坚实的 n. 固体
liquid n. 液体 gas n. 气体
solid evidence 可靠的证据
lay a solid foundation 打下坚实的基础
25. cast vt. ①向……投以（视线、笑容等）；
②投射（光、影子等）；③扔，掷，抛 n.全体演员
cast/throw a shadow on 投影； 给。。蒙上阴影
cast light on sth 使某事比较容易理解 cast aside 抛弃；丢弃
be cast down (by sth) 因某事沮丧，不愉快
eg:
He didn’t want to cast a shadow on their happiness.
He was cast down by the failure of the plan.
The whole cast performs/perform brilliantly.
26.pour v.倒出；倾泻；斟（饮料）
pour down 雨倾盆而下 pour out 涌出；倒出；倾诉
pour cold water on 对。。泼冷水 pour cats and dogs 下倾盆大雨
27.concrete n. 混凝土
adj.混凝土的；确实的；具体的（反：abstract 抽象的）
concrete evidence 确凿的证据 concrete proposals 具体的建议
28. patriotic adj.爱国的
patriot n.爱国者
29. break out 战争，火灾爆发
break in 强行进入；插话；打断
break into 强行进入；突然开始
break down 分解；出故障；（计划）失败；垮掉
break through 克服；突破
break up 解散；（关系）破裂
break off 折断；中断
30. defend v.保卫；防守；辩解
defence n.防御；保护；
defensive adj.保护的；保卫的
defend ...from/against 保卫。。免受 。。
defend oneself 为自己辩护辩解
in defence of 为保卫。。
31. assistant n.助手；助理
assist v.援助；帮助
assistance n.帮助
assist sb to do sth 帮助某人 做某事
assist sb in doing sth 帮助某人 做某事
with the assistance of sb 在某人的帮助下
翻译：我经常帮助我的父母做家务
I always assist my parents to do the housework.
I always assist my parents in doing the housework.
32. in charge of 某人主管某事（介词短语；主语为人）
take charge of 负责；主管（动词短语）
in the charge of 某物由某人掌管（主语为物）
free of charge 免费
charge sb for sth 因为某物向某人收费
charge sb with sth 指控某人某事
He the whole company while the boss was absent.
当老板不在时，他负责整个公司。
was in charge of
/took charge of
33. leadership n. 领导；领导地位；领导才能
lead v.带领；通往；n.领先地位 leader n.领导人
under one’s leadership 在某人的领导下
take the lead 带头；领先 lead a happy life过着幸福的生活
后缀为-ship的一类词表示某种关系或状态
friendship n. 友谊 hardship n. 苦难
relationship n. 关系 membership n. 成员资格
partnership n. 合伙关系
34. trace v. 跟踪 tracer n.跟踪者；追踪器
35. outstanding adj.优秀的；杰出的；明显的 an ~ performance
stand out 突出；站出来；坚持到底；坚决反对
You think no one can stand out against you--that’s what you think.
你以为没有人站出来反对你--你就是这么想的。
36. gifted adj.有天赋的（= talented） a gifted musician 天才音乐家
gift n.才能；天赋 （=talent/genius）
be gifted with 天生具有（= be born with）
have a gift/talent/genius for 对。。有天赋
e down 患（病）；染上（小病）（常与with连用）
I think I’m coming down with flu.我想我染上感冒了。
come across 偶遇；无意中发现
come out 发行；出版；结果是
come up with 想出
38.abstract adj. 抽象的（反义：concrete 具体的） n.摘要；概要
in the abstract = abstractly 抽象地
He is able to understand abstract concepts and think abstractly.
There is no answer to this question in the abstract.
39.steady adj. 稳定的
~ income 稳定的收入 keep/remain steady 保持稳定
steadily adv.平稳地
40.besides 除此之外（还）；而且；此外（=in addition to ）
beside 在。。旁边
41.fault n.弱点；过错 faulty adj.有错误的；有缺陷的
faultless n.完美无缺的 find fault with 挑剔；挑错
it’s one’s fault for doing sht 做某事是某人的错
1. severe adj. 极为恶劣的; 十分严重的;严厉的; 苛刻的
【归纳】
be severe on/with 对……严厉(=be hard on= be strict with)
be severe with oneself 严于律己
【拓展】
severely adv. 很严重地; 极为恶劣地
e.g. His injuries are severe.
severe weather conditions
She was a severe woman who seldom smiled.
2. frustrated adj. 懊恼的；沮丧的；失意的
a frustrated artist 不得志的艺术家 feel frustrated 感到沮丧
be frustrated with/at 对。。灰心丧气
frustrate v. 使受挫
frustrating adj.令人沮丧的
frustration n. 懊恼；沮丧 with frustration 沮丧地
3. contradictory adj. 互相矛盾的；互相对立的
be contradictory to… 与……矛盾、相反
e.g. His remark was contradictory to the truth.
他的叙述与事实矛盾。
【拓展】
contradict v. 反驳; 与……相矛盾
contradict sb 反驳某人 contradict oneself 自相矛盾
contradiction n. 抵触; 矛盾; 矛盾的说法
4. once and for all 最终地；彻底地；最后一次（强调不耐烦）；
We need to tackle this issue once and for all.
She warned Jim once and for all.
关于all 的短语：
first of all 首先 after all 毕竟；终究
above all 最重要是 all in all 总而言之
in all 总共= in total = altogether
5. infection n.感染；传染；传染病
infect v.使感染；传染
infected adj.带菌的；感染病菌的
infectious adj.感染的；传染性的
be infected with 感染上。。
infect ...with....把。。传染给。。；使（某种感情）感染。。
she infected the whole class with her laughter.
她的笑声感染了全班同学
6. subscribe v. 认购(股份)；定期订购；
定期缴纳(会费) ; 定期捐款赞助
e.g.
Each employee may subscribe for up to￡2,000 worth of shares.
You can subscribe to the magazine for as little as $32 a year.
She subscribes to an environmental action group.
subscribe to 同意, 赞成= approve of = agree with
e.g. I have never subscribed to the view that schooldays are the happiest days of your life.
subscriber n. 订阅人；定期捐款者；消费者
subscription n. 订阅；订阅费；定期捐款
【运用】翻译下面句子。
1) I subscribed to a few charities.
我捐助了一些慈善机构。
2) Do you subscribe to her view of the state of the economy
你是否同意她对经济状况所持的观点？
3) We subscribed to all the main medical journals.
我们订阅了所有主要的医学期刊。
7.proof n.证据；证明；检验； 防。。的；抗。。的
there is proof that 。。。有证据表明。。。
be living proof that/of sth 是。。活生生的证明
he is living proof that not all engineers are boring.
rainproof adj.防水的；防雨的；n.雨衣
windproof 防风的
8.multiple adj. 数量多的；多种多样的； n.连锁商店
a multiple crash 连环撞车 multiple/chain store 连锁商店
multiple choice questions 多选题
multiply v. 乘；增加；繁殖 multiply A by B A乘以B
We must multiply our efforts to explore the future.
我们必须加倍努力，探索未来。
The creature can multiply quickly.
9. suspect v. 怀疑; 疑有; 不信任 n.嫌疑犯; 嫌疑分子; 可疑对象
suspicion n.怀疑
suspicious adj.感觉可疑的
【常用搭配】
suspect sb. of doing sth. 怀疑某人做某事
suspect sb. as/to be 怀疑某人是。。
Peter is suspected of giving false information.
He is the prime suspect in the case.
“vt.+ sb.+of sth” :
warn sb of sth 警告某人某事
accuse sb of sth 控告某人某事
cure sb of sth 治愈某人某种疾病
inform sb of sth 告知某人某事
convince sb of sth 使某人相信某事
remind sb of sth 提醒某人某事；使某人想起某事
rid sb of sth 使某人摆脱某事
10. blame
v. 责备; 指责; 把……归咎于
n. 责任; 责备; 指责
【归纳】
blame sb for (doing) sth 因(做)某事责备某人
be to blame (for sth.) 对某事负有责任；该受责备
blame sth on sb 把某事归咎于某人 = lay / put the blame for sth on sb
e.g. Marie still blames herself for Patrick's death.
You can't blame all your problems on your family.
Officials believe that more than one person may be to blame for the fire.
【运用】根据汉语意思补全下面句子（每空一词）。
1) 如果你误了火车，不要怪我。
Don’t ________ ________ if you miss the train.
2) 他们把失败归咎于乔治。
They __________ _______ _______ for the failure _______ George.
3) 医院正在调查事故的责任人是谁。
The hospital is investigating to find out _______ ______ ______ _______ for the accident.
to blame
blame me
laid/put the blame
who is
on
11. handle n. 把手;柄 v. 处理（=deal with ）; 搬动; 控制, 操纵(车辆、动物、工具等)
turn the handle 转动把手 the handle of a knife 刀柄
handle a crisis 处理危机 handle with care 小心搬运
get / have a handle on 弄懂，理解，搞明白
e.g. It’s difficult to get / have a handle on how widespread this problem is.
12. intervention n.介入；出面；干涉
intervene v. 干预；干扰 intervene in 干涉；调停
13. link n. 联系; 连接； 关系; 纽带
v. 把……连接起来；联系; 相关联
link A to/with B 把A和B连接起来 be linked to/with 与。。有关/有联系
与。。有关的说法有：
be related to ;be involved in ;
be associated with ; have sth to do with; be connected with;
【运用】 写出下面句子中画线部分的词性及中文释义。
1) The road links all the new towns.
_______ ________________
2) For elderly people, TV is an important link with the outside world.
________ ________
名词 纽带
动词 将……连接起来
14. raw adj.未熟的；生的；未经处理的；原始的
raw material 原材料 a raw beginner/hand 新手
be raw to 对。。不熟练
catch sb on the raw 说人痛处；揭人短处
翻译：
It’s obvious that the graduate is raw to his work.
She was always ready to catch people on the raw.
15. pure adj. 干净的；纯的；纯粹的 pure water 纯净水
purely adv.纯粹地；完全地 purify v.使纯净
adj.+-ify v.
just adj. justify v.使公正；使正当
beautiful adj. beautify v.美化
terrible adj. terrify v.使害怕
simple adj. simplify v.简化
16.substantial adj.大量的；价值巨大的；实质的；客观的
substantially adv.本质上；实质上；大体上；相当多地
substance n.实质；物质；财产；内容；重要性
17.decrease v. (使)变小, (使)减少 ；降低 n. 减少; 减少的量；降低
【归纳】
decrease （from） to… 减少到……
decrease by … 减少了……(表示减少的量)
decease in … 在……方面减少
on the decrease 在减少
e.g. The number of new students decreased from 210 to 160 this year.
Average house prices decreased by 13% last year.
This species of bird is decreasing in numbers every year.
词条 用法 常作成分
thanks to “多亏”，多放在句首，用来表达好的方面 (接近于原意 “感谢”)，偶用于讽刺口吻。 作状语
owing to 后接某事，可置于句首或句末。 常作状语、表语
due to 正式用语，可与owing to 互换 常作表语、状语或定语
because of 着重某事发生的原因 常作状语
on account of 后接名词
as a result of 用在有上下文的情况下
18. thanks to 幸亏，由于
e.g. Thanks to your help, we succeeded．
It was all a great success — thanks to a lot of hard work.
19. transform v. 使改观, 使变形, 使转化
【归纳】
transform … (from…) into … 把……变成……
transform … with … 用……来改变……
e.g. This equipment can transform light into energy.
We can transform the world with our knowledge.
【拓展】
transformation n. 改变、转化(不可数); 具体变化(可数)
transformable adj. 可变形的；可变化的
transformer n. 促使改变的人或物；变压器
【运用】
根据括号内的汉语提示，完成下面句子（每空一词）。
1) Well, you've certainly ____________ _________ _________ (改变了这个村子) — it looks great!
2) In several decades, my hometown has been ____________ ________ (变成了) a major industrial city.
3) It's said that the shape of such a toy _______ _______________ (是可变形的).
4) His attitude to life has gone through a(n) _____________ (改变).
transformation
transformed this village
transformed
into
is transformable
20. thinking n. 思想；思维；见解
creative thinking 创造性思维
without thinking = without hesitation 不假思索
21.finding n.发现；调查结果；判决
the findings of the survey 调查发现 earlier findings 早期的发现
常用复数形式且以-ing结尾的名词：
findings 调查结果 earnings 薪水 belongings 财物
surroundings 环境 savings 积蓄
22.initial adj. 最初的；开始的
initially adv.开始；最初；起初
in the initial stage 在最初阶段
23.theoretical adj.理论的；推想的；假设的
theory n.理论；原理；学说
24.solid adj.可靠的；固体的；坚实的 n. 固体
liquid n. 液体 gas n. 气体
solid evidence 可靠的证据
lay a solid foundation 打下坚实的基础
25. cast vt. ①向……投以（视线、笑容等）；
②投射（光、影子等）；③扔，掷，抛 n.全体演员
cast/throw a shadow on 投影； 给。。蒙上阴影
cast light on sth 使某事比较容易理解 cast aside 抛弃；丢弃
be cast down (by sth) 因某事沮丧，不愉快
eg:
He didn’t want to cast a shadow on their happiness.
He was cast down by the failure of the plan.
The whole cast performs/perform brilliantly.
26.pour v.倒出；倾泻；斟（饮料）
pour down 雨倾盆而下 pour out 涌出；倒出；倾诉
pour cold water on 对。。泼冷水 pour cats and dogs 下倾盆大雨
27.concrete n. 混凝土
adj.混凝土的；确实的；具体的（反：abstract 抽象的）
concrete evidence 确凿的证据 concrete proposals 具体的建议
28. patriotic adj.爱国的
patriot n.爱国者
29. break out 战争，火灾爆发
break in 强行进入；插话；打断
break into 强行进入；突然开始
break down 分解；出故障；（计划）失败；垮掉
break through 克服；突破
break up 解散；（关系）破裂
break off 折断；中断
30. defend v.保卫；防守；辩解
defence n.防御；保护；
defensive adj.保护的；保卫的
defend ...from/against 保卫。。免受 。。
defend oneself 为自己辩护辩解
in defence of 为保卫。。
31. assistant n.助手；助理
assist v.援助；帮助
assistance n.帮助
assist sb to do sth 帮助某人 做某事
assist sb in doing sth 帮助某人 做某事
with the assistance of sb 在某人的帮助下
翻译：我经常帮助我的父母做家务
I always assist my parents to do the housework.
I always assist my parents in doing the housework.
32. in charge of 某人主管某事（介词短语；主语为人）
take charge of 负责；主管（动词短语）
in the charge of 某物由某人掌管（主语为物）
free of charge 免费
charge sb for sth 因为某物向某人收费
charge sb with sth 指控某人某事
He the whole company while the boss was absent.
当老板不在时，他负责整个公司。
was in charge of
/took charge of
33. leadership n. 领导；领导地位；领导才能
lead v.带领；通往；n.领先地位 leader n.领导人
under one’s leadership 在某人的领导下
take the lead 带头；领先 lead a happy life过着幸福的生活
后缀为-ship的一类词表示某种关系或状态
friendship n. 友谊 hardship n. 苦难
relationship n. 关系 membership n. 成员资格
partnership n. 合伙关系
34. trace v. 跟踪 tracer n.跟踪者；追踪器
35. outstanding adj.优秀的；杰出的；明显的 an ~ performance
stand out 突出；站出来；坚持到底；坚决反对
You think no one can stand out against you--that’s what you think.
你以为没有人站出来反对你--你就是这么想的。
36. gifted adj.有天赋的（= talented） a gifted musician 天才音乐家
gift n.才能；天赋 （=talent/genius）
be gifted with 天生具有（= be born with）
have a gift/talent/genius for 对。。有天赋
e down 患（病）；染上（小病）（常与with连用）
I think I’m coming down with flu.我想我染上感冒了。
come across 偶遇；无意中发现
come out 发行；出版；结果是
come up with 想出
38.abstract adj. 抽象的（反义：concrete 具体的） n.摘要；概要
in the abstract = abstractly 抽象地
He is able to understand abstract concepts and think abstractly.
There is no answer to this question in the abstract.
39.steady adj. 稳定的
~ income 稳定的收入 keep/remain steady 保持稳定
steadily adv.平稳地
40.besides 除此之外（还）；而且；此外（=in addition to ）
beside 在。。旁边
41.fault n.弱点；过错 faulty adj.有错误的；有缺陷的
faultless n.完美无缺的 find fault with 挑剔；挑错
it’s one’s fault for doing sht 做某事是某人的错