2023届高考英语语法专题 ：非谓语动词讲义学案（含答案）
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| 名称 | 2023届高考英语语法专题 ：非谓语动词讲义学案（含答案） |  | |
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| 科目 | 英语 | ||
| 更新时间 | 2022-12-02 22:43:10 | ||
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语法专题：非谓语动词
（一）动词不定式
1. 结构： 一般式：to do (to be done)
进行式：to be doing (表示正在发生的动作）
完成式：to have done (表示该动作发生在主句谓语动词之前）
否定式：not + to do
2. 作用(成份)：不定式常用作以下成分：
1) 主语：亦可用it作形式主语，构成 It is/was + adj (for/of sb)to do sth的句型。
2) 宾语：可以接不定式的常见动词有：hope, wish, decide, intend, expect, plan, determine, manage, refuse, fail, pretend, promise等；也可用it作形式宾语，常与feel, consider, find, believe, think, suppose, regard等连用。
3) 宾补：主要用于解释、说明宾语，常与动词ask, tell, teach, get, force, want, need, allow, forbid, permit, advise, persuade等连用。
4) 定语：主要用于对名词的修饰，如：have sth. to do; there be sth. to do等，表“要做”。
5) 表语：be动词之后；表计划或安排等。
6) 状语：表示目的，原因，结果等。
7) 作独立成分：常用的这类短语有：to tell you the truth , to be frank（坦白地说）, to be exact（确切地说）, to begin with（首先）, to make things worse（使事情更糟糕 的是）等。
3. 注意：
1) 不带to的动词不定式常用于：
(1) 使役动词let, make, have之后或感官动词feel, hear, listen to, see, watch, look at, notice, observe等后面，但在被动语态中须还原to。
(2) would rather, had better, why (not), may /might as well, can’t help but等后面用不带to的动词不定式。
(3) 当主语中是或含all, what等引导的从句时，且有do或其其它时态形式，后作表语的不定式常省略to。
2) only/never to do sth 表示出乎意料的结果。
3) 当不定式和句子中的宾语构成逻辑上的动宾关系，和句中的主语构成逻辑主谓关系，不定式常用主动形式；如不定式表示的动作不是主语发出，则不定式用被动形式。
4) 为了避免重复，可以省略不定式后的内容但保留不定式符号to，但当结构中含有be，have时则不可省略。
5) 不定式与疑问词连用, 在句中起名词作用,可充当主语,表语, 宾语等。
巩固练习：
1. I am sorry ______ written you a letter at the time.
A. to have not B. to not have C. not to have D. not having
2. The meeting ______next week is sure to be a great success.
A. to take place B. to be taken place C. to have taken place D. being taken place
3. I feel it an honor ______ to speak here.
A. to be asked B. to ask C. having asked D. asked
4. With a lot of difficult problems ______, the newly-elected president is having a hard time.
A. settled B. settling C. to settle D. being settled
5. Helen had to shout ______above the sound of the music.
A. making her heard B. to make her hear C. making herself heard D. to make herself heard
6. I don’t know whether you happen ______, but I am going to study in the U.S.A this September.
A. to be heard B. to be bearing C. to hear D. to have heard
7. We have no idea about _____ next.
A. how doing B. what doing C. what to do D. to do
8. The news reporters hurried to the airport, only ______the film stars had left.
A. to tell B. to be told C. telling D. told
9. The bank is reported in the local newspaper______ in broad daylight yesterday.
A. to rob B. to have been robbed C. being robbed D. having been robbed
10. --- You should have thanked her before you left.
--- I meant ______, but when I was leaving I couldn’t find her anywhere.
A. to do B. to C. doing D. doing so
11. ______, he had a car accident and was seriously injured.
A. Make things worse B. To make things worse C. Make things bad D. To make things bad
12. Who will you get ______ the project for us
A. design B. to design C. designed D. designing
13. There are five pairs ______, but I’m at a loss which to buy.
A. to be chosen B. to choose from C. to choose D. for choosing
14. The students expected there ______ more reviewing classes before the exam.
A. is B. to be C. being D. have been
15. She would rather leave for New York ______ in Los Angeles.
A. to stay B. than stay C. than staying D. to staying
16. --- Are the problems easy --- No, in fact I found ______.
A. them hard to solve B. it hard to solve C. it hard to be solved D. hard to solve them.
17. To get the job, ______.
A. it is required that one should be qualified B. a bachelor’s degree is necessary
C. one needs to have basic knowledge in electricity D. some requirements should be met
18. In the end, the poor man found a shabby cottage ______.
A. to live B. to live in C. live D. living in
19. All she did was ______ to her parent’s expectation.
A. to live up B. live up C. living up D. lived up
20. He was seen ______ the house by the back door that morning.
A. enter B. to enter C. entering D. to be entering
21. Do you have any clothes ______ today, Sir
A. wash B. to be washed C. to wash D. to be washing
22. He loves parties. He is always the first ______ and the last ______.
A. of coming; of leaving B. comes; leaves C. to come; to leave D. coming; leaving
23. I regret ______ you that they are unable to come to your wedding tomorrow.
A. informing B. having informed C. to inform D. to have inform
24. What does the librarian permit ______ out of the library
A. taking B. to take C. to be taken D. being taken
25. It took a long time for the connection between body temperature and illness ________.
A. to make B. to be made C. making D. being made
（二）动名词
1. 结构：一般式：doing, being done(被动式)
完成式：having done, having been done(被动式)
否定式：not + doing
2. 作用(成份)：主语、宾语（动词、介词宾语）、定语（表功能、类别）、表语
3. 注意：
1) 只跟v-ing作宾语的常见动词有：admit, appreciate, avoid, delay, dislike, enjoy, escape, imagine, keep, mind, miss, practise, quit, suggest, understand, be worth, stand, give up, feel like, insist on, succeed in, set about等。
2) 下列动词跟v-ing作宾语；但如果已有n. / pron.作宾语时，后则跟to do结构作宾语补足语，如：advise, allow, consider, forbid, permit, recommend等。
3) 下列动词可跟v-ing或to do结构，但意义上有区别：
forget / remember: + doing (忘记/记得已做过) ；+ to do（还未做）
go on: + doing（继续同一件事）；+ to do （继续另一件事）
can’t help: + doing（禁不住）；+ (to) do（不能帮助）
mean: + doing（意味着）；+ to do（打算、故意做）
regret: + doing（后悔做了）；+ to say / tell / inform（遗憾告知）
stop: + doing（停止做）；+ to do（停下来做另一件事）
try: + doing（尝试）；+ to do（尽力做）
4) “to”在下列词组中为介词，故须跟v-ing: be used to / be accustomed to, pay attention to, look forward to, lead to, contribute…to, devote / dedicate…to, object to, be opposed to, get down to, be equal to, turn to 等。
5) 物+ need, require, want（需要）/ deserve（值得）：+ v.ing（主动表被动）/ to be done皆可。
6) It is no use / good, not any use / good, useless：+ doing
7) 动名词的复合结构：如果动名词的逻辑主语与句子的主语不一致，则要在动名词前加一个物主代词，或名词所有格，构成动名词的复合结构。
巩固练习：
1. I would appreciate _____ back this afternoon.
A. you to call B. you call C. your calling D. you’re calling
2. --- What should we do with the empty bottles
--- Our teacher advises _______ them.
A. to sell B. selling C. having sold D. sell
3. When he knocked at the door, my mother was busy ____ supper.
A. preparing for B. in preparing C. to prepare for D. to prepare
4. It is no good ______ today’s work for tomorrow.
A. to leave B. leaving C. that you leave D. leave
5. You will soon get used to ______ a large breakfast in England.
A. eat B. that you eat C. eating D. you eat
6. Excuse me for _____ in without ______.
A. coming, asking B. coming, being asked
C. to come, asking D. to come, being asked
7. People couldn’t help ______ the foolish girl.
A. laugh at B. to laugh at C. laughing at D. laughing
8. “What do you think of the book ” “Oh, excellent, it’s worth _______ a second time.”
A. to read B. to be read C. reading D. being read
9. One learns a language by making mistakes and ______ them.
A. correct B. correcting C. corrects D. to correct
10. I must have eaten something wrong. I feel like _____.
A. throw up B. throwing up C. to throw up D. threw up
11. Your hair wants ______. You’d better have it done tomorrow.
A. cut B. to cut C. cutting D. being cut
12. I don’t mind ______ the decision as long as it is not too late.
A. you to delay making B. your delaying making
C. your delaying to make D. you delay to make
13. Having been ill in bed for nearly a month, he had a hard time ______ the exam.
A. pass B. to pass C. passed D. passing
14. He devoted the whole day to ______ the English grammar.
A. review B. reviewing C. be reviewed D. being reviewing
15. I can’t get my car ______ on cold mornings, so I have to try ______ the radiator with some hot water.
A. run; to fill B. running; filling C. running; to fill D. ran; filling
16. --- What made Susan so angry
--- ______ in the rain for a long time.
A. Being kept waiting B. Being kept to wait
C. Because of waiting D. She was kept waiting
17. How about the three of us ______ a walk down the street
A. to take B. taken C. taking D. to be taken
18. He always dream of ______ a chance for him to bring into full play his potential.
A. there being B. there to be C. there is D. being
19. I prefer staying at home ______ the theater.
A. to go to B. for going to C. to going to D. rather than go
20. I don’t think it any use ______ for the spilt milk.
A. to cry B. crying C. to be crying D. being crying
21. Tony was unhappy for ______ to the party.
A. having not been invited B. not having invited
C. having not invited D. not having been invited
22. My younger sister suggested ______ the Summer Palace first.
A. me to visit B. mine visiting C. I visiting D. me visiting
23. ______ to sunlight for too much time will do harm to one’s skin.
A. Exposed B. Having exposed C. Being exposed D. After being exposed
24. We should think of ways to stop the waste from the factory _____ our living environment.
A. being polluted B. polluting C. from being polluted D. polluted
25. Isn’t it time you got down to _________ the papers
A. mark B. be marked C. being marked D. marking
（三）分词
1. 结构：一般式：doing (现在分词：表示主动、进行)
done (过去分词：表示被动、完成)
完成式：having done / having been done（表示该动作发生在谓语动作之前）
否定式：not + 分词
2. 作用(成分)：
1) 定语：前置定语：常为一个单词，现在分词表示主动、进行；过去分词主要表示被动，亦可表示完成。
后置定语：常为分词短语，等同于一个定语从句，现在分词表示主动进行；过去分词主要表示被动。
注意：过去分词作后置定语有三种形式，分别代表不同时态：to be done(将来)；being
done(进行)；done(其它)。
2) 状语：表示时间、原因、结果、条件、让步、方式和伴随等。
注意：(1) 逻辑主语的一致性：即分词的逻辑主语须与主句的主语存在主动或被动的一致，主动一致用doing；被动一致用done。
(2) 独立主格结构：当分词的逻辑主语与主句主语不一致时，分词须有自己的主语，即：主语 + 分词，等同于一个状语从句。
(3) 分词的独立结构：即在句中独立于主句之外，作状语，不须与主句主语保持一致性。常见分词短语有：generally speaking, considering / seeing that (鉴于，考虑到), judging from / by (由……判断), providing / provided / given that (如果), supposing / suppose that (假设)等。
(4) with的复合结构，作伴随状语，即：
doing (与宾语主动关系)
with + 宾语 + done (与宾语被动关系)
to do (表将来)
There be + n. + doing / done / to do: (同上)
3) 宾补：置于宾语后，解释、说明宾语。若与宾语构成主动、进行关系则用doing；若构成被动关系用done。
4) 表语：现在分词表示进行或描述；过去分词表示被动或人的心理感受。
巩固练习：
1. The houses ______ by the workers now will be completed next week.
A. built B. being built C. to be built D. having been building
2. ______ for a long time, most of the crops in this area died from lacking water.
A. Being no rain B. There was no rain C. To be no rain D. There being no rain
3. ______ his age, the little boy read quite well.
A. Considering B. Considered C. Consider D. Having considered
4. ______ the lab, we were taken to the library.
A. Showing B. Being shown C. To be shown D. Having been shown
5. What he has done ______ all of us; he is really ______.
A. disappointing; disappointed B. disappoints; disappointing
C. disappointed; disappointing D. disappointed; disappointed
6. Hearing the news, ______.
A. tears came to her eyes B. her eyes were filled with tears
C. she burst into tears D. she broke out tears
7. China is a developing country ______ to the Third World.
A. belongs B. belonged C. belonging D. is belonged
8. ______, I’ll go over all these lessons before the exam.
A. If time permitting B. Time permitting C. If time permitted D. Time permits
9. The watch ______ last night was found ______ under the bed.
A. losing; lying B. lost; lying C. lost; lain D. losing; laid
10. John received an invitation to dinner, and with his work ______ he gladly accepted it.
A. finished B. finishing C. having finished D. was finished
11. ______ with so much trouble, we failed to complete the task on time.
A. Faced B. Face C. Facing D. To face
12. ______ and happy, Tony stood up and accepted the prize.
A. Surprising B. Surprised C. Being surprised D. To be surprising
13. ______ nice, the food was sold out soon.
A. Tasted B. Tasting C. To taste D. Being tasted
14. ______ from space, the earth, with water ______ seventy percent of its surface, looks like a blue ball.
A. Seen, covered B. Seen, covering C. Seeing, covering D. Seeing, covered
15. He had his leg _______ in the match yesterday.
A. to break B. broken C. break D. breaking
16. ______ in thought, he almost ran into the car in front of him.
A. Losing B. Having lost C. Lost D. To lose
17. Don’t get _________ in the rain.
A. to be caught B. catching C. to catch D. caught
18. Most of the artists ______ to the party were from south Africa.
A. having been invited B. inviting C. being invited D. invited
19. ______ hot, Tom uncovered his quilt, ______ only his stomach ______.
A. Feeling; leaving; covered B. Felt; left; covered
C. Feeling; left; covering D. Felt; leaving; covered
20. ______ their homework, the pupils went home ______ their parents.
A. Doing; following B. Having done; following
C. Done; followed D. Having done; followed
21. When ______ why he was late, he just stared at us and said nothing.
A. being asked B. asking C. asked D. to be asked
22. ______ a reply, he decided to write a letter to her again.
A. Not receiving B. Not having received C. Not received D. Having not received
23. ______, the players began the game.
A. After we took our seats B. Being taken the seats
C. Taking our seats D. Having taken our seats
24. The big- eyed girl came in, ______ a cake with two ______ candles on it.
A. bring; lit B. brought; lighted C. carrying; lighted D. taking; lighting
The managers discussed the plan that they would like to see _____ the next year.
carry out B. carrying out C. carried out D. to carry out
非谓语动词：CAACDDCBBBBBBBBACBBBBCCCB
CBBBCBCCBBCBDBBACACBDDCBD
BDADBCCBBAABBBBCDDABCBACC
第 1 页 共 1 页
（一）动词不定式
1. 结构： 一般式：to do (to be done)
进行式：to be doing (表示正在发生的动作）
完成式：to have done (表示该动作发生在主句谓语动词之前）
否定式：not + to do
2. 作用(成份)：不定式常用作以下成分：
1) 主语：亦可用it作形式主语，构成 It is/was + adj (for/of sb)to do sth的句型。
2) 宾语：可以接不定式的常见动词有：hope, wish, decide, intend, expect, plan, determine, manage, refuse, fail, pretend, promise等；也可用it作形式宾语，常与feel, consider, find, believe, think, suppose, regard等连用。
3) 宾补：主要用于解释、说明宾语，常与动词ask, tell, teach, get, force, want, need, allow, forbid, permit, advise, persuade等连用。
4) 定语：主要用于对名词的修饰，如：have sth. to do; there be sth. to do等，表“要做”。
5) 表语：be动词之后；表计划或安排等。
6) 状语：表示目的，原因，结果等。
7) 作独立成分：常用的这类短语有：to tell you the truth , to be frank（坦白地说）, to be exact（确切地说）, to begin with（首先）, to make things worse（使事情更糟糕 的是）等。
3. 注意：
1) 不带to的动词不定式常用于：
(1) 使役动词let, make, have之后或感官动词feel, hear, listen to, see, watch, look at, notice, observe等后面，但在被动语态中须还原to。
(2) would rather, had better, why (not), may /might as well, can’t help but等后面用不带to的动词不定式。
(3) 当主语中是或含all, what等引导的从句时，且有do或其其它时态形式，后作表语的不定式常省略to。
2) only/never to do sth 表示出乎意料的结果。
3) 当不定式和句子中的宾语构成逻辑上的动宾关系，和句中的主语构成逻辑主谓关系，不定式常用主动形式；如不定式表示的动作不是主语发出，则不定式用被动形式。
4) 为了避免重复，可以省略不定式后的内容但保留不定式符号to，但当结构中含有be，have时则不可省略。
5) 不定式与疑问词连用, 在句中起名词作用,可充当主语,表语, 宾语等。
巩固练习：
1. I am sorry ______ written you a letter at the time.
A. to have not B. to not have C. not to have D. not having
2. The meeting ______next week is sure to be a great success.
A. to take place B. to be taken place C. to have taken place D. being taken place
3. I feel it an honor ______ to speak here.
A. to be asked B. to ask C. having asked D. asked
4. With a lot of difficult problems ______, the newly-elected president is having a hard time.
A. settled B. settling C. to settle D. being settled
5. Helen had to shout ______above the sound of the music.
A. making her heard B. to make her hear C. making herself heard D. to make herself heard
6. I don’t know whether you happen ______, but I am going to study in the U.S.A this September.
A. to be heard B. to be bearing C. to hear D. to have heard
7. We have no idea about _____ next.
A. how doing B. what doing C. what to do D. to do
8. The news reporters hurried to the airport, only ______the film stars had left.
A. to tell B. to be told C. telling D. told
9. The bank is reported in the local newspaper______ in broad daylight yesterday.
A. to rob B. to have been robbed C. being robbed D. having been robbed
10. --- You should have thanked her before you left.
--- I meant ______, but when I was leaving I couldn’t find her anywhere.
A. to do B. to C. doing D. doing so
11. ______, he had a car accident and was seriously injured.
A. Make things worse B. To make things worse C. Make things bad D. To make things bad
12. Who will you get ______ the project for us
A. design B. to design C. designed D. designing
13. There are five pairs ______, but I’m at a loss which to buy.
A. to be chosen B. to choose from C. to choose D. for choosing
14. The students expected there ______ more reviewing classes before the exam.
A. is B. to be C. being D. have been
15. She would rather leave for New York ______ in Los Angeles.
A. to stay B. than stay C. than staying D. to staying
16. --- Are the problems easy --- No, in fact I found ______.
A. them hard to solve B. it hard to solve C. it hard to be solved D. hard to solve them.
17. To get the job, ______.
A. it is required that one should be qualified B. a bachelor’s degree is necessary
C. one needs to have basic knowledge in electricity D. some requirements should be met
18. In the end, the poor man found a shabby cottage ______.
A. to live B. to live in C. live D. living in
19. All she did was ______ to her parent’s expectation.
A. to live up B. live up C. living up D. lived up
20. He was seen ______ the house by the back door that morning.
A. enter B. to enter C. entering D. to be entering
21. Do you have any clothes ______ today, Sir
A. wash B. to be washed C. to wash D. to be washing
22. He loves parties. He is always the first ______ and the last ______.
A. of coming; of leaving B. comes; leaves C. to come; to leave D. coming; leaving
23. I regret ______ you that they are unable to come to your wedding tomorrow.
A. informing B. having informed C. to inform D. to have inform
24. What does the librarian permit ______ out of the library
A. taking B. to take C. to be taken D. being taken
25. It took a long time for the connection between body temperature and illness ________.
A. to make B. to be made C. making D. being made
（二）动名词
1. 结构：一般式：doing, being done(被动式)
完成式：having done, having been done(被动式)
否定式：not + doing
2. 作用(成份)：主语、宾语（动词、介词宾语）、定语（表功能、类别）、表语
3. 注意：
1) 只跟v-ing作宾语的常见动词有：admit, appreciate, avoid, delay, dislike, enjoy, escape, imagine, keep, mind, miss, practise, quit, suggest, understand, be worth, stand, give up, feel like, insist on, succeed in, set about等。
2) 下列动词跟v-ing作宾语；但如果已有n. / pron.作宾语时，后则跟to do结构作宾语补足语，如：advise, allow, consider, forbid, permit, recommend等。
3) 下列动词可跟v-ing或to do结构，但意义上有区别：
forget / remember: + doing (忘记/记得已做过) ；+ to do（还未做）
go on: + doing（继续同一件事）；+ to do （继续另一件事）
can’t help: + doing（禁不住）；+ (to) do（不能帮助）
mean: + doing（意味着）；+ to do（打算、故意做）
regret: + doing（后悔做了）；+ to say / tell / inform（遗憾告知）
stop: + doing（停止做）；+ to do（停下来做另一件事）
try: + doing（尝试）；+ to do（尽力做）
4) “to”在下列词组中为介词，故须跟v-ing: be used to / be accustomed to, pay attention to, look forward to, lead to, contribute…to, devote / dedicate…to, object to, be opposed to, get down to, be equal to, turn to 等。
5) 物+ need, require, want（需要）/ deserve（值得）：+ v.ing（主动表被动）/ to be done皆可。
6) It is no use / good, not any use / good, useless：+ doing
7) 动名词的复合结构：如果动名词的逻辑主语与句子的主语不一致，则要在动名词前加一个物主代词，或名词所有格，构成动名词的复合结构。
巩固练习：
1. I would appreciate _____ back this afternoon.
A. you to call B. you call C. your calling D. you’re calling
2. --- What should we do with the empty bottles
--- Our teacher advises _______ them.
A. to sell B. selling C. having sold D. sell
3. When he knocked at the door, my mother was busy ____ supper.
A. preparing for B. in preparing C. to prepare for D. to prepare
4. It is no good ______ today’s work for tomorrow.
A. to leave B. leaving C. that you leave D. leave
5. You will soon get used to ______ a large breakfast in England.
A. eat B. that you eat C. eating D. you eat
6. Excuse me for _____ in without ______.
A. coming, asking B. coming, being asked
C. to come, asking D. to come, being asked
7. People couldn’t help ______ the foolish girl.
A. laugh at B. to laugh at C. laughing at D. laughing
8. “What do you think of the book ” “Oh, excellent, it’s worth _______ a second time.”
A. to read B. to be read C. reading D. being read
9. One learns a language by making mistakes and ______ them.
A. correct B. correcting C. corrects D. to correct
10. I must have eaten something wrong. I feel like _____.
A. throw up B. throwing up C. to throw up D. threw up
11. Your hair wants ______. You’d better have it done tomorrow.
A. cut B. to cut C. cutting D. being cut
12. I don’t mind ______ the decision as long as it is not too late.
A. you to delay making B. your delaying making
C. your delaying to make D. you delay to make
13. Having been ill in bed for nearly a month, he had a hard time ______ the exam.
A. pass B. to pass C. passed D. passing
14. He devoted the whole day to ______ the English grammar.
A. review B. reviewing C. be reviewed D. being reviewing
15. I can’t get my car ______ on cold mornings, so I have to try ______ the radiator with some hot water.
A. run; to fill B. running; filling C. running; to fill D. ran; filling
16. --- What made Susan so angry
--- ______ in the rain for a long time.
A. Being kept waiting B. Being kept to wait
C. Because of waiting D. She was kept waiting
17. How about the three of us ______ a walk down the street
A. to take B. taken C. taking D. to be taken
18. He always dream of ______ a chance for him to bring into full play his potential.
A. there being B. there to be C. there is D. being
19. I prefer staying at home ______ the theater.
A. to go to B. for going to C. to going to D. rather than go
20. I don’t think it any use ______ for the spilt milk.
A. to cry B. crying C. to be crying D. being crying
21. Tony was unhappy for ______ to the party.
A. having not been invited B. not having invited
C. having not invited D. not having been invited
22. My younger sister suggested ______ the Summer Palace first.
A. me to visit B. mine visiting C. I visiting D. me visiting
23. ______ to sunlight for too much time will do harm to one’s skin.
A. Exposed B. Having exposed C. Being exposed D. After being exposed
24. We should think of ways to stop the waste from the factory _____ our living environment.
A. being polluted B. polluting C. from being polluted D. polluted
25. Isn’t it time you got down to _________ the papers
A. mark B. be marked C. being marked D. marking
（三）分词
1. 结构：一般式：doing (现在分词：表示主动、进行)
done (过去分词：表示被动、完成)
完成式：having done / having been done（表示该动作发生在谓语动作之前）
否定式：not + 分词
2. 作用(成分)：
1) 定语：前置定语：常为一个单词，现在分词表示主动、进行；过去分词主要表示被动，亦可表示完成。
后置定语：常为分词短语，等同于一个定语从句，现在分词表示主动进行；过去分词主要表示被动。
注意：过去分词作后置定语有三种形式，分别代表不同时态：to be done(将来)；being
done(进行)；done(其它)。
2) 状语：表示时间、原因、结果、条件、让步、方式和伴随等。
注意：(1) 逻辑主语的一致性：即分词的逻辑主语须与主句的主语存在主动或被动的一致，主动一致用doing；被动一致用done。
(2) 独立主格结构：当分词的逻辑主语与主句主语不一致时，分词须有自己的主语，即：主语 + 分词，等同于一个状语从句。
(3) 分词的独立结构：即在句中独立于主句之外，作状语，不须与主句主语保持一致性。常见分词短语有：generally speaking, considering / seeing that (鉴于，考虑到), judging from / by (由……判断), providing / provided / given that (如果), supposing / suppose that (假设)等。
(4) with的复合结构，作伴随状语，即：
doing (与宾语主动关系)
with + 宾语 + done (与宾语被动关系)
to do (表将来)
There be + n. + doing / done / to do: (同上)
3) 宾补：置于宾语后，解释、说明宾语。若与宾语构成主动、进行关系则用doing；若构成被动关系用done。
4) 表语：现在分词表示进行或描述；过去分词表示被动或人的心理感受。
巩固练习：
1. The houses ______ by the workers now will be completed next week.
A. built B. being built C. to be built D. having been building
2. ______ for a long time, most of the crops in this area died from lacking water.
A. Being no rain B. There was no rain C. To be no rain D. There being no rain
3. ______ his age, the little boy read quite well.
A. Considering B. Considered C. Consider D. Having considered
4. ______ the lab, we were taken to the library.
A. Showing B. Being shown C. To be shown D. Having been shown
5. What he has done ______ all of us; he is really ______.
A. disappointing; disappointed B. disappoints; disappointing
C. disappointed; disappointing D. disappointed; disappointed
6. Hearing the news, ______.
A. tears came to her eyes B. her eyes were filled with tears
C. she burst into tears D. she broke out tears
7. China is a developing country ______ to the Third World.
A. belongs B. belonged C. belonging D. is belonged
8. ______, I’ll go over all these lessons before the exam.
A. If time permitting B. Time permitting C. If time permitted D. Time permits
9. The watch ______ last night was found ______ under the bed.
A. losing; lying B. lost; lying C. lost; lain D. losing; laid
10. John received an invitation to dinner, and with his work ______ he gladly accepted it.
A. finished B. finishing C. having finished D. was finished
11. ______ with so much trouble, we failed to complete the task on time.
A. Faced B. Face C. Facing D. To face
12. ______ and happy, Tony stood up and accepted the prize.
A. Surprising B. Surprised C. Being surprised D. To be surprising
13. ______ nice, the food was sold out soon.
A. Tasted B. Tasting C. To taste D. Being tasted
14. ______ from space, the earth, with water ______ seventy percent of its surface, looks like a blue ball.
A. Seen, covered B. Seen, covering C. Seeing, covering D. Seeing, covered
15. He had his leg _______ in the match yesterday.
A. to break B. broken C. break D. breaking
16. ______ in thought, he almost ran into the car in front of him.
A. Losing B. Having lost C. Lost D. To lose
17. Don’t get _________ in the rain.
A. to be caught B. catching C. to catch D. caught
18. Most of the artists ______ to the party were from south Africa.
A. having been invited B. inviting C. being invited D. invited
19. ______ hot, Tom uncovered his quilt, ______ only his stomach ______.
A. Feeling; leaving; covered B. Felt; left; covered
C. Feeling; left; covering D. Felt; leaving; covered
20. ______ their homework, the pupils went home ______ their parents.
A. Doing; following B. Having done; following
C. Done; followed D. Having done; followed
21. When ______ why he was late, he just stared at us and said nothing.
A. being asked B. asking C. asked D. to be asked
22. ______ a reply, he decided to write a letter to her again.
A. Not receiving B. Not having received C. Not received D. Having not received
23. ______, the players began the game.
A. After we took our seats B. Being taken the seats
C. Taking our seats D. Having taken our seats
24. The big- eyed girl came in, ______ a cake with two ______ candles on it.
A. bring; lit B. brought; lighted C. carrying; lighted D. taking; lighting
The managers discussed the plan that they would like to see _____ the next year.
carry out B. carrying out C. carried out D. to carry out
非谓语动词：CAACDDCBBBBBBBBACBBBBCCCB
CBBBCBCCBBCBDBBACACBDDCBD
BDADBCCBBAABBBBCDDABCBACC
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