北师大版（2019）必修 第一册Unit 1 Life Choices语法知识点扫盲（PDF版含答案）

Unit1 Life Choices 语法知识点扫盲
动词不定式
语法图解
观察句子
1．(教材 P8)It's so convenient to be able to compare the quality and prices from different online
shops before I buy.
2．(教材 P8)My mum keeps telling me to go out with my school friends instead.
3 ． ( 教材 P8)Actually ， I do know I need to drag myself away from the online world
sometimes...
4．(教材 P9)I like to set goals for myself.
5．(教材 P9)I'm a “go getter”—when I set out to do something，I do my best to achieve it.
6．(教材 P9)I tend to set a goal for every subject at the beginning of each term.
7．(教材 P9)My aim is to do well in every subject this term.
8．(教材 P9)Biology is my favorite subject，and my target is to prepare myself for my degree in
biology at university.
9．(教材 P9)．..so that I can have more free time to do other things that I'm interested in after
school.
10．(教材 P9)It always makes me excited to work hard and achieve a team goal together.
11．(教材 P9)To achieve all I want, I must use my time well.
12．(教材 P9)After school, I try to use any possible time to revise the things I have learnt during
the day.
13．(教材 P9)For example, it usually takes me 20 minutes to get home by bus.
我的领悟
1．例句 1、10、13 中的动词不定式在句中作主语。
2．例句 3、4、6、12 中的动词不定式在句中作宾语。
3．例句 7、8 的动词不定式在句中作表语。
4．例句 9 中的动词不定式在句中作定语。
5．例句 2 中的动词不定式在句中作宾补。
6．例句 5、11 中的动词不定式在句中作状语。
语法知识精讲
动词不定式是非谓语动词的一种，它没有人称和数的变化。动词不定式具有名词、形容词
和副词的特征，在句中可以作主语、表语、宾语、定语、状语、宾语补足语等，但不能作谓语。
一、动词不定式的结构
1．基本结构：to＋动词原形，有时不定式符号 to 可以省略。
2．否定形式：not to＋动词原形。
3．不定式有形式和语态变化，通常有下表中的几种形式(以 do 为例)：
形式 主动 被动
一般式 to do to be done
完成式 to have done to have been done
进行式 to be doing
完成进行式 to have been doing
二、动词不定式的用法
1．作主语
动词不定式作主语时，句子的谓语动词常用单数，其位置有以下两种：
(1)不定式置于句首。
◆To do this is to cut the foot to fit the shoe.
这样做是削足适履。
(2)用 it 作形式主语，把真正的主语不定式置于句后，特别是不定式短语较长时，这样可
以避免句子的“头重脚轻”。
◆It is important to master the knowledge of computer.
掌握电脑知识很重要。
(1)若要说明不定式表示的动作的发出者的话，要在不定式前加 for 引起的短语，构成“for
＋名词(或代词宾格)＋不定式”短语，这一短语被称为不定式的复合结构。
◆It's easy for him to work out this math problem.
对他来说解出这道数学题很容易。
(2)在“It is/was＋adj.＋不定式复合结构”句型中，当其中的形容词是说明逻辑主语的性质、
品质时，要由 of 引出逻辑主语，不能用 for。这类形容词主要有 clever、careless、foolish、
kind、nice、polite、silly、stupid、wise 等。
◆It was careless of him to make such a mistake.
＝He was careless to make such a mistake.
犯了这样的错误，他太粗心了。
2．作表语
不定式在系动词后作表语，往往说明主语的具体内容，且含有将来意义。
◆My dream is to become a dancer.
我的梦想是成为一名舞蹈家。
I've had many dreams since I was a child. Now my dream is to open a cafe．
3．作宾语
(1)直接作及物动词的宾语，常见接不定式作宾语的动词有：agree(同意)、aim(旨在)、
choose(选择)、decide(决定)、demand(要求)、expect(期待)、fail(未履行)、help(帮助)、hope(希
望)、learn(学会)、plan(计划)、prepare(准备)、refuse(拒绝)、tend(往往会)、want(想要)、wish(希
望)等。
◆I hope to have a new type of cellphone.
我希望有一部新款手机。
◆My father finally agreed to help us.
最终，我的父亲同意帮我们。
(2)用于“疑问词＋不定式”结构，不定式前可带 what、who、which、where、when、
how、whether 等疑问词。
◆(2019·江苏卷)Li Jiang and Su Hua are discussing what to wear when receiving the British
students next month.
李江和苏华正在讨论下个月接待英国学生时穿什么。
◆Please tell us how to deal with the haze.
请告诉我们如何应对雾霾。
(3)常用于句型“主语＋v.＋it＋adj./n.＋to do sth.”，其中，it 为形式宾语，to do sth.为真
正的宾语。能用于这一句型的动词有：believe、consider、feel、find、make、suppose、think 等。
◆I think it very necessary to protect the animals.
我认为保护动物非常有必要。
4．作定语
(1)动词不定式作定语时，要放在它所修饰的名词或代词后面。
◆I want to get something to read during the vacation.
我想找一些在假期里读的东西。
(2)如果不定式是不及物动词，后面就应有必要的介词。
◆He is a pleasant person to work with.
和他一起工作很愉快。
(3)当中心词为序数词、最高级、the last、the only 等或中心词被这类词修饰时，常用不定
式作定语。
◆He was the last one to arrive here.
他是最后一个到达这里的人。
◆He is the only person to know the truth.
他是唯一了解真相的人。
5．作状语
(1)表示目的。
◆(2020·全国卷Ⅰ)Chinese researchers hope to use the instruments onboard Chang'e 4 to find
and study areas of the South Pole Aitken basin.
中国研究人员希望利用嫦娥四号探测器上的仪器，寻找和研究南极艾特肯盆地地区。
◆(2020·天津卷 7 月)To help us prepare for the exam, the teacher suggested reading through
our notes.
为了帮助我们准备考试，老师建议我们通读笔记。
作目的状语的不定式之前常加上 in order 或 so as，但 so as 不能位于句首。
◆She asked me to drive her to the airport in order/so as to catch the 5：00 plane.
为了赶上 5 点的飞机，她让我开车把她送到机场。
(2)表示结果。
动词不定式作结果状语时常用如下结构：
①enough＋名词＋to do　　　 足够……
②名词/形容词/副词＋enough＋to do
足够……
③too＋形容词/副词＋to do 太……以至于不能……
◆The Californian ship arrived too late to save more people.
加利福尼亚号来得太晚了，以至于没能挽救更多的人。
不定式短语作结果状语时，常与 only 连用，暗示一种意外的结果。
◆I hurried to the post office, only to find it closed.
我急忙赶到邮局，结果发现关门了。
(3)表示原因。
①不定式作原因状语，常用在某些表示喜、怒、哀、乐等形容词后。
◆I have enjoyed my visit to China.I'll be very sorry to leave.
我非常享受这次中国之旅，但遗憾的是我要离开了。
②用于“be＋形容词(表示性质)＋不定式”结构中，常见的形容词有：easy、hard、
difficult、interesting、good、comfortable、safe、dangerous、impossible 等。此句型中 to do 不定
式用主动形式表被动意义。
◆The box is not easy to carry.
这个箱子不易携带。
6．作宾语补足语
(1)不定式常跟在下列动词之后作宾补：ask、advise、allow、cause、encourage、expect、
invite、notice、order、teach、tell、warn 等。
◆She asked me to answer the phone in her absence.
她要我在她不在的时候接电话。
◆Who taught you to play the music
谁教你弹这首曲子的？
(2)当动词不定式在使役动词 let、have、make 后和感官动词(短语)see、watch、look at、
notice、hear、listen to、feel 等后作宾补时，常省略 to。get 除外(get sb.to do sth.)。
◆The teacher had us recite the text every day.
老师让我们每天背诵课文。
◆The boss made his men work all the night.
老板让他的工人整夜工作。
上述动词变为被动语态时不定式符号 to 不能省略。
◆Someone saw the children run down the street.
→The children were seen to run down the street.
有人看到孩子们沿着这条街跑了。
语法知识及时练
Ⅰ.单句语法填空
1．(2020·全国卷Ⅱ)They are easy (care) for and make great presents.
2．The teacher made him (say) the word like this.
3． would be better for you to go there.
4．My brother asked me to bring him something (eat)．
5． (keep) up with others, he has been working very hard.
6．She went to the hospital (see) her grandfather yesterday.
7．Attention，please! I have something important (say)．
8．She is hard working and is always the first one (come) every day.
9．The next step is (make) sure that you know exactly what is required.
10．As the saying goes, to know oneself (be) true progress.
Ⅱ.语法与写作(用动词不定式完成句子)
1．爱与被爱是一个人所能寻找的最大幸福。
_______________________ is the greatest happiness one can seek.
2．这张地图可以告诉你往哪儿走。
The map can show you ．
3．人们为钱而结婚是错误的。
for money.
4．这项交流计划旨在促进两国之间的相互了解。
The purpose of the exchange program is ．
5．她找不到可交朋友的人。
She can find no one ．
6．他为抢救那个儿童献出了自己的生命。
________________________________, he laid down his life.
7．他们似乎相处得很好。
They seem ．
8．他已经安排了一辆汽车去车站接他们。
He's arranged for a car ．
9．占用了你那么多宝贵时间，真抱歉。
I'm sorry ．
10．在这种情况下，她只能改名。
She under the circumstances.
参考答案；
Ⅰ.单句语法填空
1．(2020·全国卷Ⅱ)They are easy to care(care) for and make great presents.
2．The teacher made him say(say) the word like this.
3．It would be better for you to go there.
4．My brother asked me to bring him something to eat(eat)．
5．To keep(keep) up with others, he has been working very hard.
6．She went to the hospital to see(see) her grandfather yesterday.
7．Attention，please! I have something important to say(say)．
8．She is hard working and is always the first one to come(come) every day.
9．The next step is to make(make) sure that you know exactly what is required.
10．As the saying goes, to know oneself is(be) true progress.
Ⅱ.语法与写作(用动词不定式完成句子)
1．爱与被爱是一个人所能寻找的最大幸福。
To love and to be loved is the greatest happiness one can seek.
2．这张地图可以告诉你往哪儿走。
The map can show you where to go．
3．人们为钱而结婚是错误的。
It would be wrong for people to marry for money.
4．这项交流计划旨在促进两国之间的相互了解。
The purpose of the exchange program is to promote the understanding between the two
countries．
5．她找不到可交朋友的人。
She can find no one to make friends with．
6．他为抢救那个儿童献出了自己的生命。
To save the child, he laid down his life.
7．他们似乎相处得很好。
They seem to be getting along quite well．
8．他已经安排了一辆汽车去车站接他们。
He's arranged for a car to pick them up at the station．
9．占用了你那么多宝贵时间，真抱歉。
I'm sorry to have taken up so much of your valuable time．
10．在这种情况下，她只能改名。
She could do nothing but change her name under the circumstances.