牛津译林版(2019)选择性必修第二册Unit 2 Sports culture Section B Grammar and usage学案(有答案）

Section B Grammar and usage
学习目标
1、学会本节单词、短语。
2、掌握本节句型表达与运用。
知识运用
1. get through
意思_____________
get rid of 摆脱，丢弃
get away from... 摆脱……；逃离……
get over克服；从疾病（或震惊、断绝关系等）中恢复常态
get along with... 与……和睦相处
get across (to sb.) 被（某人）理解
get down to (doing) sth. 开始（做）某事；开始认真注意（或对待）某事（to为介词）
练习：I've been trying to phone Charles all evening, but there must be something wrong with the network; I can't _______________.
2. limit
词性 _______________ 意思_____________
within limits 在某种程度上，有一定限制
without limit 无限制地
set a limit/limits on... 对……进行限制
There is a/no limit to... ……是有限度/无限度的。
the city limits 市区范围
limit… to… 把……限制在……范围内
limited adj.有限的
limitless adj.无限的；无止境的
limitation n. 限制；控制
练习：It's possible to overcome your __________ to achieve well beyond what you believe yourself capable of.
3. pour
词性 _______________ 意思_____________
pour sth. into... 把某物倒进……
pour sth. for sb. (=pour sb. sth.) 给某人倒某物
pour into... 涌进……
pour out (of...) （从……）涌出
pour cold water on/over sth. 对某事（想法或建议等）泼冷水
pour out sth. 毫无保留地表达感情（或思想等）
练习：向她最好的朋友倾诉了所有的烦恼后，安娜感觉轻松了。
After she ____________ all her troubles to her best friend, Anna felt relaxed.
语法解析
过去进行时和过去完成时的被动语态
一、过去进行时的被动语态
1.构成
肯定式 主语+was/were being done(+其他).
否定式 主语+was/were not being done(+其他).
一般疑问式 Was/Were+主语+being done
特殊疑问式 特殊疑问词+ was/were(+主语) + being done
Another bridge was being built over the Yangtze River then.
那时长江上正在建造另一座桥。
The plan was not being carried out well.
那个计划实施得不顺利。
Was a new library being put up in your school just then
你们学校当时正在建一座新图书馆吗？
What was being done to protect wildlife
为保护野生生物采取了什么措施
2.用法：
（1）表示在过去某一特定时间某事正在被做。
The road was being repaired when I got there.
我到那儿的时候，那条路正在维修。
（2）少数及物动词的过去进行时表示过去按计划、安排将要发生的动作。
Some rock music was being played by them next.
下面将由他们演奏一些摇滚音乐。
辨析：过去进行时的被动语态/一般过去时的被动语态
过去进行时的被动语态强调的是在过去的某个时间点正在进行的被动动作；一般过去时的被动语态表示的是某个被动动作已经发生。
The player said the policemen came to their rescue in time when they were being trapped in the snowstorm.
这名运动员说他们被困在暴风雪中时，警察及时赶来救了他们。
My brother spared no effort to prepare himself for the college entrance exam, and finally he was admitted to the university he had been dreaming of.
我哥哥不遗余力地为高考做准备，最终他被他一直梦想的大学录取了。
二、过去完成时的被动语态
1.构成
肯定式 主语+ had been done (+其他).
否定式 主语+ hadn't been done (+其他).
2.用法
过去完成时的被动语态通常表示过去某一时间之前已经被完成的动作。
The fire had been put out before the firefighters arrived.
消防队员到达之前，大火已经被扑灭了。
I found the meal hadn't been prepared yet when I got home.
我到家的时候发现晚餐还没准备好。
辨析：过去完成时的被动语态/现在完成时的被动语态
过去完成时的被动语态表示相对于过去某一时刻来说已被完成的动作；现在完成时的被动语态表示相对于现在来说已被完成的动作。
The professor was very delighted to find that two thirds of the project had been finished by the students independently.
教授非常高兴地发现，学生们已独立完成了该项目的三分之二。
Many words have been added to this edition of the dictionary.
这一版本的词典上增加了许多词。
3.特殊句式
（1）用于"It was the first/second/... time that +主语+ had been done (+其他)"句型中。
It was the first time that the meeting had been held in Zhengzhou.
那是该会议第一次在郑州召开。
（2）在虚拟条件句中，条件从句表示对过去情况的假设时：if +主语+ had been done (+其他)。
If I had been invited earlier, I would have gone there.
如果早点儿邀请我的话，我就去那儿了。
练习：用所给单词的适当形式填空。
1. He hurried home, never once looking back to see if he __________ (follow).
2. In the 1950s in the USA, most families had just one phone at home, and wireless phones __________ (invent) yet.
3. Mark is a genius. By the time he graduated, he _________ (offer) jobs by a dozen computer companies.
4. I was sent to the village last month to see how the development plan ________ (carry) out in the past two years.
5. If the new safety system _________ (put) to use, the accident would never have happened.
答案
知识运用
1. get through 2. limitations 3. poured out
语法解析
1. was being followed 2. hadn't been invented 3. had been offered 4. had been carried 5. had been put
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