外研版八年级上册 Module 9 Unit 3 Language in use 课件 (共52张PPT)

(共52张PPT)
Module 9 Population
Unit 3 Language in Use
Articles &
Large numbers
There are three windows here.
A window = window 1 or 2 or 3
There is only one window here - the window.
A and the are articles. When do we use them
1. 冠词是虚词，是限定词的一种，不能单独使用，常用于修饰名词。
2. 冠词有两种形式：
不定冠词 a/an & 定冠词the
3. 在很多场合我们还会看到零冠词的提法，所谓零冠词就是不使用冠词。
Articles 冠词
不定冠词用来修饰可数名词单数，指人或物中的某一个或某一类，但不具体说明是何人何物。
1. 首次提到某人某物，不定冠词起介绍作用。如：
I am preparing a report called “The
world’s population”.
- Why not take ____ friend with you
- That’s ____ good idea.
A. a, a B. the, the C. a, the D. the, a
分析：使用不定冠词指某人或某物，但不具体说明是何人或何物。
不定冠词的用法
2. 表示“每一”的概念，相当于every。
Each egg cost 12 yuan a kilo. (a kilo=every kilo)
① Take the medicine three times ____ day.
A. a B. the C. an D./
② We go there maybe once or twice ____ month.
A. the B. a C. an D./
______ steel worker makes steel.
A./ B. A C. This D. That
分析：a (an)放于单数的可数名词前表示“一类”。该句中 a steel worker是指钢铁工人们。
表示一类有三种方式：
A bike is slower than a car.
The bike is slower than the car.
Bikes are slower than cars.
3. 用于可数名词单数形式之前，表示人或事物的类别。如：
My mother is a doctor.
4. 某些固定短语中，要用不定冠词。如：
have a good time, in a hurry,
have a break, a lot of,
have a look, with a smile…
① Tom has ____ high fever and his mother is looking after him.　
A. a B. the C. an D./
分析: 表示生什么病前应用a， 例如：have a headache / have a cold。
② Mary takes ____ walk after supper every day.
A. the B. a C. / D. one
分析: give, take, have与一些动词名
词化的词连用，表示一次动作，名
词前要加 a。
have a talk (bath, look)
make a living (promise)
take a swim (walk, rest)
give a talk (whistle, smile)
③ There is ____ “ f ” and ____ “ u ” in the word “four”.
A. an, a B. a, a
C. an, an D. a, an
分析：在名词前使用 a 或 an 要取决于该名词的读音。
如果首字母的读音是元音音素，应用 an；
如果首字母的读音是辅音音素，应用 a。
1. 元音音素开头的单词不一定是元音字
母(a, e, i, o, u)开头。
u 发音 [ju:]或[ju]时前面用冠词 a，
u读[ ]时前面用冠词an。
2. 26个字母中开头以元音音素发音的字母有：
f [ef], h [e t ], l [el], n [en], r [a:(r)], s [es], x [eks]
① There is an “R” in the word.
　② This is a European country.
European词首字母不发音, [j]是辅音音素。
　③ This is a one-eyed dog.
one词首音素 [w]是辅音音素。
在使用不定冠词时要注意a与an的不同：
* a 用在辅音音素开头的单词前;
*an用在以元音音素开头的单词前.
指前文提到过的人或物，或特指某人或某物。
① I have a dog and a cat. The dog is brown and the cat is black.
② The old man with thick glasses is their history teacher.
2. 指谈话双方都知道的人或物。
I have to hand in the report tommorrow!
定冠词的用法
① There is ___ bridge over the river. ___ bridge is made of stone.
A. a, A B. a, The C. the, The D. the, A　
分析: 文章中第一次出现的可数名词前用a(an)。下次再出现此名词则用the。
② ___ old workers under that tree are from Shanghai.
A. The B. An C. This D. That
分析：名词后有表示范围、地点的介词短语限定时, 名词前应加the来表示特指。
3. 用于序数词以及形容词的最高级之前。如：
This room is the largest on the ground floor, and that room is the second largest.
① ____ first one sat down and the second
stood up.
A. The B. A C. One D. An
② Winter is ____ coldest season of the year.
A. a B. the C./ D. so
___ moon moves around ___ earth, and they both are smaller than ____ sun.
A. The, the, the B. A, an, a
C. The, an, the D. The, the, a
4. 用于指世界上独一无二的事物。如：
The moon is far smaller than the earth.
We live in ____ south of China.
A. the B./ C. a D. some　
5. 用于表示方位的名词前。如：
Shanghai is in the east of China.
6. 用于江河、海洋、山脉等地理名词及由普通名词构成的专有名词前。如：
the Pacific Ocean the Nile
the Great Wall of China the Alps
He will go to see you off at ___ Railway Station.
A. a B. an C. the D. /
分析: the＋普通名词构成专有名词。
I was playing ____ piano at eight yesterday morning.
A. a B. / C. the D. this
分析: play＋乐器表示弹奏时，该乐器名
词前加 the。
Alice likes to play the violin while Kate
likes to play the flute.
7. 用在乐器名称的前面表弹奏。如：
Can you play the guitar
___ young should care for and help ___ old.
The, a B. The, the
C. A, the D. An, an
分析: the＋形容词(形容词名词化)表示一类人或事物。
the poor / the rich / the sick / the beautiful
8. 在某些形容词前加定冠词，表示一类人或物。如：
She devoted her life to helping the poor.
____ Smiths are coming to visit on Saturday.
A. / B. The C. Mr. D. A
9. 用于姓氏复数形式之前，表示“一家人”或“夫妇两人”。如：
The Browns is really a large family.
10. 用于某些固定短语中。如：
in the morning the day after tomorrow
listen to the radio at the moment
go to the beach by the way…
① Last night we went to ____ cinema.
A. the B. a C. / D. those
② Our teacher gets up early in ___ morning.
A. the B. / C. a D. an
分析: 牢记一些含 the 的习惯用语，在句中用作时间状语。
in the afternoon (evening)／in the daytime
at the beginning／in the end
③ There is a large ship in ____ middle of the river.
A. a B. / C. the D. any
分析: 牢记一些含the的习惯用语，在句中用作地点状语。
on the right (left) / in the front of… / in the middle of /
in the forest / at the foot of the hill
名词前已有物主代词、指示代词、不定代词、所有格或数词等作定语，则其前面不再用冠词。如：
My schoolbag is not red.
I have two questions to ask.
There is no ____ book on the desk.
A. the B. a C. an D. /
零冠词的用法
2. 在球类活动、棋类、学科名称和表三餐的名词前不用冠词。如：
The little girl likes playing chess.
① These boys play ____ football after class.
A. a B. the C. that D. /
② He doesn’t have ____ breakfast at home.
A. a B. the C. this D. /
分析: 表示三餐的名词前不加冠词，如果前面有形容词修饰该词，表示“一顿……的饭”，可加a。
have a big supper (nice lunch)
3. 在表示洲名、国名、人名以及专有地名的名词前不加冠词。如：
Asia is the largest continent in the world.
① They often take a walk in ____ Hyde Park.
A. the B. a C. / D. this
② I studies ___English in___ England.
A. /, / B. an, the C. an, an D. /, the
分析: 学科前和国名、洲名前一般不加冠词。
*learn Chinese (maths, physics, chemistry)
*China is in Asia. *in Germany (Japan)
*in Africa (Europe …)
4. 在节假日、星期、季节、月份等名词前不加冠词。如：
Women’s Day is on March 8th.
① We have no classes on ____ Sundays.
A. the B. these C. ／ D. those
② ____ January is the first month of the year.
A. The B. A C. / D. That
分析: 表示节日、月份的名词前一般不加the:
*Spring is coming. *He was born in December.
如果表示有某年限定的季节和月份时，季节和月份前要加 the。 *He was born in the summer of 1964.
I believe that ____ running is good.
A. the B. a C. / D. an　
We go to work by ____ bus.
A. / B. a C. the D. one
6. 表示交通工具的手段时，用“by＋名词”表示，该名词前不用冠词。如：
by bike (taxi, car, train, plane, spaceship)或by sea (water, air, land)
5. V-ing形式前一般不用冠词。如：
Walking on the moon is difficult.
The students of ____ Grade One are having a meeting.
A. these B. / C. a D. an
7. 名词＋数词表示顺序时，前面不加冠词 the；序数词＋名词表示顺序时，序数词前加冠词the。如：
turn to page 3 / the third page
Lesson One / the first lesson
gate Five / the fifth Gate
He often works late at ____ night.
A. / B. the C. a D. all
8. 表示时间或地点的一些“介词＋名词”的词组和一些固定词组中，均不加冠词。如：
at home in town at noon in fact
at daybreak in trouble in danger…
注意：
有些名词前用冠词或不用冠词，其意义有所不同。如：
① at table 在吃饭
at the table 在桌子旁
② in class 在上课
in the class 在班级中
③ go to school 去上学
go to the school 到那所学校去
④ go to bed 上床睡觉
go to the bed 到床那边去
⑤ in hospital 住院
in the hospital 在医院
1. I read ____story. It is ______interesting story.
A. a, an B. a, a C. the, the D. the, an
2. Britain is __ European country and China is___
Asian country.
A. an, an B. a, a C. a, an D. an, a
3. ______China is _____ old country with _____ long history.
A. The, an, a B. The, a, a C. /, an, the D. /, an, a
4. Shut _____door, please.
A. a B. an C. the D./

A
A
D
C
单项选择
5. Einstein won _____ Nobel Prize in Physics in 1921.
A. a B. an C. the D. /
6. What ____ fine day it is today! Let's go to the Summer Palace.
A. a B. an C. the D. /
7. There is ____ picture on ____ wall. I like ___picture very much.
A. a, the, the B. a, the, a
C. the, a, a D. a, an, the
8. January is ______first month of the year.
A. a B. / C. an D. the
C
A
A
D
Task 4: Complete the passage with a, an or the where necessary.
Mina is (1) ____ eighteen-year-old girl. She’s got (2) __ brother and (3) ____ sister. Mina is (4) ____ oldest child in (5) _____ family. She lives in (6) ____ very big city. She has (7) ___ job in (8) ____ hotel. She hopes that one day she will have (9) ___ chance to go to (10) ___ college.
an
a
a
a
a
a
a
the
the
\
在英语中，对于万以上的数字，我们该如何表达呢？这就要记住英语数字读法特点。以下面一个数字为例：
注意每三个数为一个单位，按照百、十、个向下读。
6
,
500
,
431
,
729
billion
million
thousand
seven hundred and twenty-nine
six
billion,
five hundred million,
four hundred and thirty-one thousand,
大数字的表达方法
用“基数词＋序数词”表示，其中基数词表示分子，序数词表示分母。
如果分子大于 1，分母要用复数形式。
Two thirds of the students have passed the exam.
注：
① 1／2不能说a (one) second，而要说a (one) half。
② 1／4 和 3／4可以说 a (one) fourth 和three fourths，但常用 a quarter 和 three quarters 表示。
英语分数的表示法
③ 若它们在句子中作主语，则谓语动词是用单数还是复数取决于名词，即与分数所修饰的名词的数保持一致。
About two thirds of the students attend the meeting．
Two fifths of the land in that district is covered with tress.
我们班五分之三的学生都是男生。
of the students in our class boys.
of the money (be) spent on food.
are
Three fifths
Four sevenths
is
Task 1: Work in pairs. Match the countries with their populations.
1. China
2. the US
3. Australia
4. New Zealand
a) 5,084,000
b) 25,690,000
c) 331,698,000
d) 1,411,780,000
Read your answers to Activity 1 to the whole class.
e.g. China has a population of…
1. (1,411,780,000)
China has a population of one billion, four hundred and eleven million, seven hundred and eighty thousand.
2. ( 331,698,000)
America has a population of three hundred and thirty one million, six hundred and ninety-eight thousand.
3. Australia has a population of twenty-five million, six hundred and ninty thousand. (25,690,000)
4. New Zealand has a population of five million, eighty-four thousand. (5,084,000)
Read the chart and answer the questions.
1. Which city had the largest population in
2018
2. Which city’s population will increase the
most from 2018 to 2030
3. Which city will have a larger increase in
its population, Mumbai orCairo
4. Which city/cities do you think will have
the biggest population problem Why
资料
Read the chart and answer the questions.
1. Which city had the largest population in 2018？
资料
Mexico City had the largest population in 2018.
2. Which city’s population will increase the most from 2018 to 2030
Dhaka will increase the most from 2018 to 2030.
Read the chart and answer the questions.
33. Which city will have a larger increase in its population, Mumbai or Cairo
资料
Cairo will have a larger increase in its population.
4. Which city/cities do you think will have the biggest population problem Why
I think Dhaka will have the biggest population problem because its population will increase the fastest.
Task 4: Complete the sentences with the correct form of the words in the box.
few good much small
1. We believe the schools in Arnwick are very good, and we’re
working to make them even _______.
2. Their flat is too large for two people. They want to find a _______
one.
3. Anna always talks about her ideas. I think she needs to listen
________.
4. There are a lot of parks in this city. I think there are ______ parks
in a lot of other cities.
better
smaller
more
fewer
air city flat public service school traffic
flats outside the city centre
takes an hour
Air pollution is also a problem
People moved to the city to find jobs.
It was expensive to live in the city centre
The local school in Parkville closed down, and the schools in Arnwick are far away
The traffic is heavy
provide
better public services
There will be more schools, so pupils won't need to travel far
The government is reducing air pollution from traffic
countryside pollution population space traffic
Our world is facing many problems. Two of the biggest are increasing population and pollution.
The (1) __________ of the world is increasing quickly. Why is this happening Because more babies are born every year and people also live longer. Many people are leaving the (2) __________ to work in the cities, but there is not enough (3) _____ for so many people.
Another huge problem for the world is (4) ________. There’s so much (5) ______ on the roads that in some cities the air is heavily polluted. We should work harder to protect our world.
Complete the passage with the words in the box.
population
countryside
space
pollution
traffic
Complete the sentences with the expressions in the box.
all over the world closed down in the future it takes not… any more
1. Growing population is a problem ________________.
2. The population of China may grow more slowly .
3. The supermarket when a bigger one opened in the town.
4. Usually an hour to get there by bus.
5. The town had a lot of population in the past but it is a problem
_____________.
all over the world
in the future
closed down
it takes
any more
not
Listen and choose the best summary.
√
It is cheaper to share a car than to have a personal car.
b) People in a car club do not often take buses, trains or the underground.
c) There are no car clubs in the US.
d) Joining car clubs is good for you and for the city.
Listen again and choose the correct answer.
1. Joining a car club is cheaper / more expensive than
having a personal car.
2. People in car clubs pay for / do not pay for a car when
they drive.
3. People in car clubs sometimes / never take a bus or
ride a bike.
4. People in car clubs probably are / are not healthier.
Work in groups. Prepare to make your graph.
Choose a country or town which interests you. It could be your home town.
Decide the points of time you want to look at – for example, now, ten years ago and ten years from now.
Research the population of your place in those years. Write your notes carefully.
冠词的常见用法：
分数及大数字的表达方法。
Ⅰ. 单项选择。
( ) 1. The village has __ population of about 4,000.
A. a B. an C. the D. /
( ) 2. It usually takes my mum about ____hour and a half to prepare dinner.
A. a B. an C. the D. /
( ) 3. Joanna began to learn to play ___ piano at ___ age of 6.
A. the; an B. /; an
C. the; the D. /; the
A
B
C
( ) 4. - When did the population of China
reach 1.37 ____
- Sorry, I don’t know.
A. billion B. billions
C. billion of D. billions of
( ) 5. There are about sixty people in the school reading club and ____ of them are boys.
A. two fifth B. two fifths
C. second fifth D. second fifths
A
B
Homework
1.Review what you have learnt in this module.
2.Finish exercises in Unit 3 on Exercise Book.
Thank You!