高中英语外研版（2019）必修三 Unit 3 Period 4 学案

中小学教育资源及组卷应用平台
Unit　3　The　world of science
Period 4　Developing ideas & Presenting ideas
1.I must turn the life the science the dream, then turns again the dream the reality.
—Madame Curie
我要把人生变成科学的梦，然后再把梦变成现实。——居里夫人
2.Science is endless.It is an eternal mystery.—Einstein
科学是永无止境的，它是一个永恒之谜。——爱因斯坦
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①experiment [Ik'sperIm nt] n.
[C，U](科学)实验vi.做实验
②lightning ['laItnI ] n．[U]闪电
a flash of lightning一道闪电
③introduce vt.[熟词生义]使初次了解；使尝试
introduce sb. to sth.使某人初次了解某事/物
④fiction ['fIk ( )n] n．[C，U]虚构的事，想象的事；[U]小说
⑤fly a kite放风筝
⑥tie...to...将……系在……上
⑦metal ['metl] n．[C，U]金属
⑧attach [ 't t ] v．系，绑；贴
⑨conduct [k n'd kt] v．传导
(热、电)
⑩an electric shock触电；电击
be amazed at/by...对……感到惊奇
bravery ['breIv ri] n．[U]勇敢；勇气
brave adj.勇敢的
scientific [ saI n'tIfIk] adj.科学(上)的
a scientific approach科学方法
approach to (doing) sth.(做)某事的方法　
along with...与……一起
establish [I'st blI ] vt.[熟词生义]证实；确定
establish the truth证实真相
contribute [k n'trIbju t] vt.促成，造成(常与to搭配)
entirely [In'taI li] adv.完全地；
彻底地
take place发生(指按计划发生的事，不用于被动语态)
die from...死于……(指外因)
accepted ideas被人接受的观点
come up with想出，拿出(解决方案等)，相当于put forward
gravity ['ɡr vIti] n．[U]重力，引力
account [ 'ka nt] n．[C]记述，描述
proof [pru f] n．[U，C]证明，证据
proof of...……的证明
There is no proof that...没有证据证明……
admittedly [ d'mItIdli] adv.
(尤用于句首)诚然；无可否认地
spirit of scientific exploration
科学探索精神
[文化采风]
　本杰明·富兰克林(Benjamin Franklin，1706－1790)，美国政治家、物理学家，同时也是出版商、印刷商、记者、作家、慈善家，更是杰出的外交家及发明家。他是美国独立战争时期重要的领导人之一，参与了多项重要文件的草拟，并出任过美国驻法国大使，成功促成法国支持美国独立。本杰明·富兰克林曾经进行过多项关于电的实验，发明了避雷针，还最早提出电荷守恒定律。法国经济学家杜尔哥这样评价富兰克林：“他从苍天那里取得了雷电，从暴君那里取得了民权。”
FRANKLIN'S EXPERIMENT①：
How Much Is True
Benjamin Franklin's famous experiment with lightning② has introduced③ generations of children to science. However, [1]new research suggests that the story may be fiction④ instead of fact．
[1]句中that引导宾语从句，suggest在此意为“表明，暗示”，故从句使用陈述语气。
The well known story is [2]that the American Founding Father and scientist flew a kite⑤ during a storm in 1752. At that time, there was much interest in electricity. People wanted to know if lightning was really produced by electricity or something else. Franklin was one of them. He raised the kite [3]with a piece of string tied to⑥ it. A metal⑦ key was attached⑧ to the string. A flash of lightning hit the kite, and electricity was conducted⑨ through the string to the key. Franklin then touched the key with his finger and got an electric shock⑩. This, he said, proved that lightning was a form of electricity.
[2]此处是that引导的表语从句。
[3]此处是“with＋宾语＋宾补”结构；a piece of string与tie之间是逻辑上的动宾关系，所以用过去分词作宾补。　　For many years, schools have taught the story of Franklin's lightning experiment. [4]More than one generation of schoolchildren has been amazed by his bravery and his scientific approach to looking for the truth. Franklin, along with many other scientists, has inspired us and taught us that scientific experiments are important in order to establish the truth and to contribute towards later scientific discoveries and inventions.
[4]此处是“more than one＋可数名词单数”结构，意为“不止一个……”，其作主语时，谓语动词用单数。
However, [5]neither the story nor the details of the experiment are entirely true. [6]Although it has been proved that Franklin's experiment took place ， more than one scientist has questioned what really happened. The detail about the string and the key is true. But scientists all agree that [7]if Franklin had actually touched the key, he would certainly have died from the electric shock．
[5]“neither...nor...”意为“既不……，也不……”，连接并列主语时，谓语动词遵循“就近一致”原则。
[6]本句是although引导的让步状语从句；“what really happened”是what引导的宾语从句，what在从句中作主语。
[7]此处是虚拟条件句，表示与过去事实相反的情况。
Scientists often question accepted ideas because they want to establish the facts. Some have even questioned the story about the apple that fell on Newton's head and led him to come up with his theory of gravity . In fact, [8]more than one account suggests that while Newton was certainly inspired by a falling apple, there is no proof that it hit him on the head．
[8]此处“that while...head”为that引导的宾语从句，该从句中又包含一个主从复合句。其中while引导让步状语从句；“that it hit him on the head”为同位语从句，解释说明proof的内容。
Admittedly , fiction is often more interesting than the truth. People have been more inspired by Franklin's spirit of scientific exploration than by the facts themselves. But in science, facts should be proved by experiments and research, and we should not always believe everything we read or hear—[9]even if it is a great story.
[9]even if在此引导让步状语从句。
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富兰克林的实验：
有多少是真的？
本杰明·富兰克林有关闪电的著名实验使几代儿童初次了解了科学。然而，新的研究表明，这一故事可能只是杜撰的，而非事实。
这位美国制宪元勋兼科学家在1752年的一场暴风雨中放风筝的故事可谓家喻户晓。在那时，人们对电的兴趣浓厚，想知道闪电是否真的由电或其他东西产生。富兰克林就是其中之一。他在风筝上绑了一根绳子，然后将其放飞。绳子上绑着一把金属钥匙。一道闪电击中风筝，电通过绳子传导至钥匙上。随后富兰克林用手指触摸钥匙，遭到了电击。他说，这证明闪电是电的一种形式。
很多年以来，学校都会讲授富兰克林的闪电实验。他的勇敢和寻求真理的科学方法使几代学生惊叹不已。富兰克林与许多其他科学家一样激励了我们，并教会我们无论是为了证实真相，还是为促成日后的科学发现和发明，科学实验非常重要。
然而，这个故事以及实验的细节都不完全真实。尽管有人证明富兰克林完成了这一实验，但不止一名科学家对其真实情况提出过质疑。绳子和钥匙相关的细节是真的。但是科学家们一致认为，如果富兰克林真的触摸了钥匙，他肯定会因触电而身亡。
科学家经常会质疑已为人接受的观点，因为他们想要证实真相。甚至有人曾质疑过苹果掉在牛顿头上而使他提出了重力理论的故事。事实上，不止一种说法表明，虽然牛顿确实受到了掉落的苹果的启发，但没有证据表明苹果砸在了他的头上。
不可否认的是，虚构的故事往往比事实更有吸引力。人们从富兰克林的科学探索精神受到的启发远胜于事实本身。但是，在科学领域，事实应通过实验和研究证明，我们不能轻信读到或听到的任何事情——哪怕那是一个了不起的故事。
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Ⅰ.Read the text and fill in the blanks.
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答案：1.lightning　2.A metal key　3.hit　4.an electric shock　5.a form of electricity　6.establish the truth　7.to contribute towards　8.would certainly have died from　9.there is no proof that　10.by experiments and research
Ⅱ.Read the text and then choose the best answer to each question.
1．What does the text mainly talk about
A．Scientific research should be based on truth.
B．Franklin's experiment with lightning is very famous.
C．Franklin's experiment with lightning is a complete fiction.
D．We shouldn't question some famous scientists' experiments.
2．Which is the CORRECT order of the Franklin's experiment with lightning
a．He raised the kite with a piece of string tied to it and a metal key was attached to the string.
b．Franklin touched the key with his finger and got an electric shock.
c．A flash of lightning hit the kite, and electricity was conducted through the string to the key.
d．This proved that lightning was a form of electricity.
A．a—b—c—d　　　　　　 B．a—b—d—c
C．a—c—b—d D．b—a—d—c
3．Which of the following statements is NOT the effect of Franklin's experiment
A．He has set a good example in scientific discoveries and inventions.
B．In order to seek truth, scientists should make dangerous experiments.
C．It has inspired us that scientific experiments play an important part in establishing the truth.
D．Many schoolchildren have been amazed by his bravery and his scientific approach to looking for truth.
4．What can we infer from the last three paragraphs
A．People tend to believe in truth instead of the interesting fiction.
B．Scientists don't think Franklin really touched the key during the experiment.
C．Scientists never question the story about the apple that fell on Newton's head.
D．People have been more inspired by the facts themselves than Franklin's spirit of scientific exploration.
答案：1－4.ACBB
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Ⅰ.核心词汇·练通
根据语境及汉语提示写出正确的单词
1．draft a contract　　　　　　　　　 起草合同
2．do/perform/conduct an experiment 做实验
3．When he's telling you something, you never know what's fact and what's fiction．
他告诉你事情的时候，你永远都不知道哪些是事实，哪些是杜撰的。
4．a metal key 一把金属钥匙
5．a flash of lightning 一道闪电
6．Copper conducts electricity well. 铜的导电性能好。
7．Newton's law of gravity 牛顿万有引力定律
8．give a full account of the incident 详尽地叙述了这件
事情
9．follow the correct procedure 按照正确的步骤操作
Ⅱ.拓展词汇·用活
根据提示写出相应的单词
1．declaration n．声明，宣告→declare vt.宣布；声明；表明；宣称
2．attach v．系，绑；贴→attached adj.依恋的，附属于→attachment n．依恋；(机器的)附件；附加装置；附属物
3．scientific__adj.科学(上)的→science n．科学→scientist n．科学家
4．entirely adv.完全地，彻底地→entire adj.整个的；完全的；全部的
5．proof n．证明，证据→prove v．证明是；被发现是
Ⅲ.重点短语·再现
根据语境及汉语提示填入合适的短语
1．Apart__from(除……之外) filling out a form, you have to pay a membership fee.
2．According to the timetable, the track and field events will take__place(举行) this afternoon.
3．We want people to realize that many smokers die__from(死于) the diseases related to smoking.
4．Our school library, along__with(连同) other buildings, is very different from other schools'.
5．More__than__one(不止一个) boy has read the moving story.
6．She came__up__with(提出) a new suggestion to solve the problem.
7．Tie your bike __to(把……拴在……上) a tree so as to prevent it from being stolen.
8．Before we take any action we must establish__the__truth(弄清事实真相)．
Ⅳ.重点句型·呈现
根据课文语境及汉语提示补全句子
1．同位语从句
In fact, more than one account suggests that while Newton was certainly inspired by a falling apple，there__is__no__proof__that__it__hit__him__on__the__head(没有证据表明苹果砸在了他的头上)．
2．部分否定
But in science, facts should be proved by experiments and research, and we should not__always(并不总是) believe everything we read or hear—even if it is a great story.
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[词汇知识过关]
apart from　除……之外
(教材P32)Apart from being a successful statesman, he was also well known as a leading American author, printer and publisher, successful diplomat, creative scientist and inventor.　他不仅是一位成功的政治家，还是美国著名的作家、印刷商和出版商、成功的外交家、富有创造力的科学家和发明家。
apart from后接名词、代词或v. ing作宾语，具体用法如下：
(1)表示“除了……外(还)，此外”，相当于in addition to或besides；
(2)表示“除了……外(都)”，相当于except或but。
①The article is good apart from a few spelling mistakes.
除了一些拼写错误外，这篇文章写得很好。
②Apart from English, he had to study another foreign language while in college.
大学期间，除了英语外，他还要学一门外语。
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apart from 具有多重意义，既可代替besides，也可代替except或except for
besides 表示“除了……之外(还有)”，即把除去的部分也包括在整体之内
except 表示“除了……之外”，在整体中减去一部分，除去的部分不包括在整体之内
except for 表示“除……以外”，指说明整个基本情况后，对细节加以纠正，其后常接名词
[练通]——选词填空(apart from, except, besides, except for)
(1)Apart__from/Besides being fun and good exercise, swimming is a very useful skill.
(2)The shop is open every day apart__from/except on Sundays.
(3)It's really a good book except__for/apart__from the cover.
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(教材P32)A metal key was attached to the string.
绳子上绑着一把金属钥匙。
(1)attach sth.to sth.　　　　　 把……附在……上；
把……固定到……上
attach importance/significance to...
认为……重要/有意义
(2)attached adj. (作表语)依恋的；附属于
be attached to 附属于；依恋
(3)attachment n. [C]附属物；附件；
[U]爱慕；依恋
①(牛津词典)I attach a copy of my notes for your information.
我附上一份笔记供你参考。
②In China, packets of cigarettes come with a government health warning attached to them.
在中国，香烟的包装盒上都印有政府的健康警告。
[练通]——单句语法填空
(1)She attached a stamp to the envelope and mailed it out.
(2)The boy is now studying in the middle school attached(attach) to Peking University.
(3)Please find my application letter and resume in the attachment(attach)．
[写美]——完成句子
(4)我们的政府现在非常重视教育，这使许多人能够受到良好的教育。
Our government attaches__much__importance__to__education now, which enables so many people to be well educated.
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vi.解释，说明；(数量上、比例上)占
(教材P33)In fact, more than one account suggests that while Newton was certainly inspired by a falling apple, there is no proof that it hit him on the head.
事实上，不止一种说法表明，虽然牛顿确实受到了掉落的苹果的启发，但没有证据表明苹果砸在了他的头上。
(1)give an account of...　　 描述……
on account of 因为，由于
on no account 决不(位于句首时，
句子要部分倒装)
take account of...＝take...into account
将……考虑在内
(2)account for... 是……的原因；解释；
占(一定数量或比例)
①Some banks make it difficult to open an account.
一些银行把开户弄得很麻烦。
②Linda gave us a vivid account of her trip to Mount Tai after her return.
琳达回来后向我们生动地描述了她的泰山之行。
[练通]——单句语法填空
(1)If they had taken everything into account, they would not have made such a mistake.
(2)Good suggestions are worth adopting on account of their benefit to us all.
(3)On no account should you leave the door unlocked when you leave the office.
[写美]——词汇升级
(4)(普通表达)His exam results were not good, but we must consider the fact that he was ill for a long time.
(高级表达)His exam results were not good, but we must take the fact that he was ill for a long time into__account．
[经典句式过关]
同位语从句
(教材P33)In fact, more than one account suggests that while Newton was certainly inspired by a falling apple, there is no proof that it hit him on the head.
事实上，不止一种说法表明，虽然牛顿确实受到了掉落的苹果的启发，但没有证据表明苹果砸在了他的头上。
(1)在that引导的同位语从句中，that不作任何成分，也无具体意义，只起连接作用，但是一般不能省略；
(2)引导同位语从句的连接词还有whether、 what、 which、 when、 where、 why、 how等；
(3)常接同位语从句的抽象名词有belief、 doubt、 news、 hope、 possibility、 fact、 suggestion等。
①The news that they had won the game soon spread all over the school.
他们比赛获胜的消息很快传遍了整个学校。
②The idea that you can do this work well without thinking is quite wrong.
不思考你就能做好这份工作的想法是完全错误的。
[练通]——单句语法填空
(1)Bob made a promise to the manager that the work would all be finished on time.
(2)He must answer the question whether he agrees with it or not.
(3)I have no idea what we can do with these waste materials in the future.
[写美]——完成句子
(4)听到学校篮球队在比赛中获胜的消息，我们都很兴奋。
We were all excited at the news that__our__school__basketball__team__won__the__game.
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that引导同位语从句与定语从句的区别
类　别 功　能 引导词that的作用
同位语从句 对前面的名词进行解释说明，是名词的内容的体现 只起连接作用，不作成分，但一般不能省略
定语从句 对前面的名词进行修饰或限定 既替代先行词，又在从句中充当主语或宾语
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Ⅰ.品句填词
1．The astronauts did lots of scientific(科学的) experiments in space.
2．Bob attached(赋予) great importance to physical exercise. He goes jogging every morning.
3．So far there is no proof(证据) that he stole your purse.
4．We will refund your money to you in full if you are not entirely(完全地) satisfied.
5．This book has given us a vivid account(描述) of the life in the desert.
6．On July 4, 1776, the Declaration(声明) of Independence was signed.
7．We should draft(起草) a proposal and discuss it at the meeting before any decisions are made.
8．The teacher felt satisfied with the experiment(实验)conducted by his students.
9．Police insisted that Michael didn't follow the correct procedure(程序) in applying for a visa.
10．Some fictions(小说) appeared without the names of the authors, often with something like “by a lady”．
Ⅱ.选词填空
along with, contribute towards, establish the truth, take place, more than one, come up with, apart from
1．He came__up__with a good suggestion at the meeting yesterday.
2．Apart__from my academic studies, I always manage to find time for what I'm interested in.
3．The accident took__place at the crossroads, and three people got injured.
4．There is no doubt that the new policy has contributed__towards the area's economic development.
5．The mother, along__with her two children, was rescued from the sinking boat last week.
6．More__than__one doctor was involved in the rescue after the earthquake.
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