高考英语语法填空考点整理学案 06 谓语动词（无答案）
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高考英语语法填空考点整理 谓语动词
一.考点整理
考点一． 谓语动词的时态语态和时态标志
时态 主动形式 被动形式 时态标志
一般将来时 will do will be done tomorrow, next year, in a week
过去将来时 would do would be do the next day/morning, the next/following week/month/year
将来进行时 will be doing 无 at this time tomorrow, from 1：30 to 4：30 tomorrow
一般现在时 do/does is/am/are done always, every time, now and then, often, seldom, sometimes, usually
一般过去时 did was/were done yesterday, last week, two days ago, the other day, in 1998, just now, once upon a time
现在进行时 am/is/are doing am/is/are being done all the time, now, at 4 o'clock, at this moment, at present,currently
过去进行时 was/were doing was/were being done at that time, at this time yesterday, at five yesterday, the whole morning
现在完成时 have/has done have/has been done since, recently, lately, already, in/for/during the last/past few years, so far,by now, up to now, during the past/last＋时间段等时间状语
过去完成时 had done had been done by that time, by the end of＋过去时间，before 2000, by the time＋一般过去时 “过去的过去”
现在完成进行时 have/has been doing 无 表示一个动作发生在过去，持续到现在并有可能持续下去。常翻译为“一直”
考点二．含时态的固定句型
1.no sooner ... than ...或hardly ... when ...，”一...就...”主句用过去完成时，从句用一般过去时。 2.并列连词when“”这时突然“”，was/were doing sth when ...；be about to do sth when ...had done...when“等句式。 3.It/This/That is＋the＋序数词＋time＋that从句，要想到从句用现在完成时。 4.It/This/That was＋the＋序数词＋time＋that从句，要想到从句用过去完成时。 5.在时间状语从句或条件状语从句中，如果主句是一般将来时，从句则用一般现在时表示将来。 6.在由since引导的时间状语从句中，如果主句是现在完成时，从句则用一般过去时。 7.“祈使句＋and/or＋陈述句”，要想到陈述句用一般将来时。 8.It is high time that sb /sth did/(should) do 到了该做...的时候了
考点三、通过“动作先后”解决时态
此种方法主要用来解决两种类型的试题： 并列连词and, but, as well as, or, or else, both ... and ..., neither ... nor ..., either ... or ..., not only ... but also ..., rather than等及从属连词than可连接两个平行的结构。平行的另外一个结构与所选谓语动词的先后关系，决定着所选动词的时态； One day, when I was drawing diagrams on the balcony and he_______(bathe) inside, the volcano erupted unexpectedly. 涉及主从句时态的题目，我们可通过考虑主句和从句的关系和动作发生的时间先后来确定时态。 Mr White_______ (teach) in our school for nearly forty years before he retired last month. 根据for nearly forty years可知应用完成时，再根据before从句中的retired可知，从句中用的为过去时，主句动作发生在其前，故应用过去完成时，即had taught。 通过“语境暗示”解决时态：实际上，高考对时态的考查更注重“情境立意”，即在具体的语境下运用各种时态的能力。正因为如此，有些试题的时间状语和其他参照物都不明显，此时要树立全局观念，根据提供的语境，挖掘隐含信息，从而找到解题的突破口。 例如： While online shopping_______(change) our life, not all of its effects have been positive. 根据语境结合后面的have been可知此处 注意“特殊动词” 有些动词(短语)的用法比较特殊，要格外注意。如belong to(属于)不用进行时和被动语态；date from或date back to(追溯到)常用一般现在时；系动词如look, seem, feel, taste, sound, smell, prove, appear等不能用被动语态。对于这些特殊的词汇，务必要记牢。
考点四、谓语动词的主谓一致
一．语法一致：就是谓语动词和主语在单、复数形式上保持一致。 单数n.，不可数n.,不定式，动名词或从句作主语时，谓语动词用单数。主语为复数时，谓语动词用复数。 His father is working on the farm. Time is money. Doing morning exercises is good for your body. 做早操对你的身体有益。 To play with fire near a gas station is very dangerous. 在加油站附近玩火很危险。 What he said at the meeting is very important. 他在会上的发言很重要。 ◆由what引导的主语从句，后面的谓语动词多用单数但如果表语是复数或what从句是一个带有复数意义的 并列结构时，谓语动词用复数。 What I bought were 3 English books. What I say and do are helpful to you. either, neither, each, every或no+单数neither/neither/none of ＋复数名词，还有some, any, no, every 构成的复合不定代词作主语，谓语动词用单数。 Each of us has a new book. Everything around us is matter. Neither of the texts is interesting. None of us has been to South Africa. 定语从句中，关系代词that, which, who 作主语时，谓语动词的数和先行词一致。 He is one of my students who are working hard. He is the only one of my friends who is working hard. 集体名词family, class, crowd, committee, population, audience等，指整体时，用单数；指集体的成员时，用复数。 His family is a happy one. The whole family are watching TV. The population of China is 1400 million.(人口) One third of the population here are workers.(人) ◆people, cattle, police作主语时，谓语动词用复数。 由a lot of, lots of, plenty of, the rest of, the majority of ＋名词，或者是分数/百分数＋名词构成的短语作主 语，谓语动词的数由名词的单复数决定。 The rest of the lecture is wonderful. A lot of time is wasted. A lot of people take part in the meeting. 2/3 water is drunk by him. 2/3 students are absent. 倒装句中，谓语v.的数与其后的主语一致。 On the wall are many pictures. Such is the result. Such are the facts. 二、意义一致原则 表示时间、度量、长度、价值等的复数名词作主语，因为其在概念上是一个整体，谓语动词用单数。 Twenty minutes is enough for the work. One hundred dollars is stolen from the ATM. one and a half ＋复数n.，谓语动词用单数。 One and a half apples is left on the table. 表示学科的以-ics结尾的名词作主语，用单数。 Physics is an important subject in middle schools. 三、就近一致原则 就近一致：在英语句子中，有时谓语动词的人称和数与最近的主语保持一致。 1. 当两个主语由either … or， neither … nor，whether … or …，not only …but also连接时，谓语动词和邻近的主语一致。 Neither his parents nor I am able to persuade him to change his mind. 2. there be句型的be动词单复数取决于其后的主语。如果其后是由and连接的两个主语，则应与靠近的那个 主语保持一致。 There are two pens，a book and three pencils on the desk. There is a book，two pens and three pencils on the desk. 3. 在倒装句中，谓语动词的数应与其后的主语一致。 Here is a map and a handbook for you. Such are the facts. 4. 就远原则：谓语动词与前面主语一致。 主语后面接连接性短语时，这种结构并不影响主语和谓语的关系，即谓语动词的数与主语的数保持一致。此类连接性短语有as well as，as much as，along with，with，like，rather than， together with，but，except，besides，including，in addition to等。 Your sister as well as your parents is very kind to me. She，like you and betty，is very clever. 四、表数量概念的词或短语作主语 1. 表示时间、金钱、距离、重量等的复数名词作主语时，通常看作一个整体，谓语动词用单数。 Ten years has passed quickly. Ten dollars is enough. 100 kilometers is a long way. 2. ＂many a/more than one+单数名词＂作主语时，谓语动词用单数。 There is more than one answer. Many a student has passed the exam. 4. ＂one and a half+复数名词＂作主语时，谓语用单数。 One and a half days is all I can spare. 5. the rest of... 短语作主语时，如果of后接复数名词，谓语用复数；如果of后接不可数名词，谓语用单数。 The rest of the bikes are on sale. The rest of the bread is gone. 6. ＂none of+复数名词＂作主语时，谓语动词既可以用单数也可以用复数。 None of the dogs was/were there. 7.＂a number of+名词复数＂表示＂许多/大量的……＂，其后的谓语动词用复数；＂the number of+名词复 数＂表示＂……的数量＂，其中心词为number，故谓语动词用单数。 A number of farmers are standing over there. The number of the students in this school has reached over 2，000. 8. ＂a lot of/lots of/plenty of+名词＂作主语，谓语动词由of后的名词来确定。如果of后是不可数名词，谓语动词用单数；如果of后是复数名词，谓语动词用复数。 A lot of time is needed. Plenty of workers are working.
二.语法填空专练
A new study, ____21____ was published by the Rapid Transition Alliance has revealed that climate change will ____22____ (threat) global sports events over the next three decades. The report monitors climate change , development and global issues. Researchers said that ____23____ (near) all sports would be impacted by what they called “an accelerating climate crisis”. They highlight how major sports events ____24____ (interrupt) by the weather so far. Bushfires in Australia made playing conditions at risk at the Australian Tennis Open and heavy rain from a huge typhoon mined last year’s Rugby World Cup in Japan. The report predicts that fires, floods, heatwaves and ____25____ (rise) sea levels will cause greater damage.
Rapid Transition Alliance coordinator (协调员) Andrew Simms urged the sports industry ____26____ (do) more to become carbon-neutral. He said, “Sport provides some of society’s most ____27____ (influence) role models. If sport can change how it operates to act at the speed and scale necessary to prevent the climate emergency, others ____28____ (follow).” He added that the carbon emissions from sports events worldwide are equal to ____29____ produced by a medium-sized country. The report’s author, David Goldblatt, said sport should be more active. He said, “Making a carbon-zero world the priority of the sports world would make a huge contribution ____30____ the environment.”
A new study says that going to bed late may be bad______31______ our health．It may even shorten our life．The study was carried out in the United Kingdom．Researchers spent six and a half years______32______(look) at the lifestyles(生活方式) of 430，000 people between the ages of thirty eight ______33______ seventy three．At the end of the study，the researchers compared the deaths of people who went to bed early to those who went to bed late and ______34______(find) that night owls(people who go to bed late) were 10 per cent more likely(有可能) to die during the period of the study．The researchers said that night owls were at ______35______(high) risk of an early death than early birds(people who go to bed and get up early)．They were more likely to suffer from stomach and breathing troubles，and other ______36______(problem)．It may be because night owls have a biological(生物的) clock ______37______ doesn’t match their environment．And ______38______(difference) sleeping patterns(方式) during the week and at weekends could increase the chances of health problems for night owls．
Researcher Malcolm von Schantz said, “This is a public health problem that can no longer ______39______(ignore)．” He suggested that night owls should be allowed ______40______(start) and finish work later in the day so they could sleep longer in the morning．
三.阅读理解题型专练
Heat, cold and touch are crucial for experiencing the world around us and for our own survival. But how our bodies actually do it had been one of the great mysteries (神秘) of biology. Scientists who discovered how our bodies feel the warmth of the sun or the hug of a loved one have won the Nobel Prize.
David Julius and Ardem Patapoutian, from the US, share the 2021 prize in Medicine or Physiology for their work on sensing touch and temperature. They explored how our bodies convert physical sensations into electrical messages in the nervous system. Their findings could lead to new ways of treating pain.
Thomas Perlman, from the Nobel Prize Committee, said: “It was a very important and profound discovery.” Prof David Julius’s breakthrough, at the University of Calfornia, San Francisco, came from investigating the burning pain we feel from eating a hot chilli pepper (辣椒) . He experimented with the source of a chilli’s heat and discovered the specific type of receptor (感觉器官) that responded to it. Further tests showed the receptor was responding to heat and kicked in at “painful“ temperatures. This is what happens, for example，if you you’re your hand on a cup of coffee.
This led to a senses of other temperature sensors being discovered. Prof Julius and Prof Ardem Palapoutian found one that could detect cold. Meanwhile, Prof Patapoutian, working at the Scrips Research institute, was also analyzing cells in a dish. Those experiments led to the discovery of a different type of receptor that a was activated (激活)in response to mechanical force or touch. When you walk along a beach and feel the sand under your feet-it is these receptors that are sending signals to the brain.
The first heat sensor is also involved’ in lasting pain and how our body regulates its core temperature. The touch receptor has multiple roles, from urinating to blood pressure. The Prize Committee said their work had “allowed us to understand how heat, cold and mechanical force can initiate the nerve impulses (刺激) that allow us to perceive and adapt to the world around us.
8．What made David and Ardem win the Nobel Prize
A．Mysterious experiences B．Biological discoveries.
C．Exploration of sun heat. D．Survival in high temperature.
9．What does the underlined word “convert” in Paragraph 2 mean
A．Translate. B．Persuade.
C．Change. D．Lead.
10．Which contributed to the discovery of different temperature sensors
A．Burning hands on a coffee cup. B．The chilli pepper experiment.
C．Raising painful temperatures. D．The analysis of cells in a dish.
11．What could the discovery be applied to
A．Testing blood pressure. B．Promoting beach tourism.
C．Perceiving coffee color. D．Treating some diseases.
Society tells us we should socialize to the fullest, and that those who are surrounded by people are the most successful and the happiest. These days, we’re almost always connected, whether in person or through our phone screens and online social networks. But there’s something to be said for solitude (独处) Being alone “ doesn’t necessarily mean ” being lonely”. In fact, spending time by yourself is an essential element of self-care.
Around the globe, different cultures have wide-ranging perspectives on what it means to spend time alone. If you live or have spent time in the United States, you’re probably aware that Americans tend to reject solitude. For many younger people, weekends are packed with social activities, ranging from brunch with friends to dinner parties to game nights to drinking at bars and everything in between.
The United States isn’t the only place where you’ll find a heavy emphasis on social time. Across the Atlantic, the United Kingdom is known for being an extremely extroverted (外向型的) country. A survey of Brits found that more than half had never done and would be unwilling to do activities like going to theme parks or seeing live music alone. Most Brits spend almost twice as much of their leisure time socializing with others a as they do being alone.
The home can be a place of rest, relaxation and recharge-that is, if you live by yourself or have the space to be alone in your home. The country in which people are least likely to live alone is India, at about 4 percent of the population. China is also quite fond of multiple-person households, with only about 10 percent of people living by themselves. In more collectivist cultures like these, many aspects of life revolve(围绕) around community. Thus, spending time alone isn’t as ingrained (根深蒂固的) as a social convention in places like these, and the good of the group takes priority over the needs of one person.
12．What can we learn from the first paragraph
A．People can benefit more from solitude. B．People tend to socialize more nowadays.
C．Bring alone generally equals being lonely. D．Being alone enables people to be carefree.
13．Which of the following best describes young Americans
A．Imaginative and wild. B．Sensitive and energetic
C．Outgoing and sociable. D．Optimistic and dutiful.
14．How does the author prove his point
A．By making a summary. B．By drawing comparisons.
C．By explaining a concept. D．By providing examples.
15．Why are most Chinese people more likely to live together
A．Because they share a specific culture. B．Because they lack some local customs.
C．Because they possess enough home Space. D．Because they give priority to their own needs.
【Z20名校联盟（浙江省名校新高考研宄联盟）2022-2023学年髙三第一次联考】
根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出填入空白处最佳项。选项中有两处为多余选项。
The China State Council issued a document in early August, suggesting employers across the country make flexible working arrangements and give their workers Friday afternoons off during hot summer days in order to boost tourism and consumption.
Online surveys have shown that most correspondents are in favor of the State Council’s proposal for longer weekends, as two and a half days are enough even for one to plan a short journey. People will have more time to be together with their families. ____36____
However, there are doubts as to whether this well-intentioned initiative can be put into practice. ____37____ While the regular two-day weekend is still a dream for a large number of working people in various industries, a two-and-half-day weekend is really a luxury many people can barely afford.
____38____ If staff workers of government departments and public institutions no longer work on Friday afternoons, local residents will have nowhere to go if they have urgent issues to solve through these establishments.
Obviously, the only way out is to implement policies concerning paid annual leave in a realistic manner so that the working people can make arrangements for their days off work. As a result, holidaymakers don’t need to all rush to the same scenic spots during the same period of time, which would be beneficial to the protection and operation of these spots. ____39____ Thus it serves the initial purpose of boosting economic growth through developing tourism.
____40____ The government is supposed to pay more attention to the protection of labor rights and employ all possible means to ensure their holidays as well as the functions of government institutions, instead of just making economically motivated policies.
A. Also, this is an effective way to increase consumer spending.
B. The right of workers to rest and paid annual leave are protected under the law.
C. A larger number of workers, if not all, will benefit from official holiday arrangements.
D. Most people think that they will actually not be able to enjoy the benefits of such a scheme.
E. After rest and relaxation, employees will become more energetic when they come back to work.
F. Another worry is that this measure will finally be exclusively (专有地) enjoyed by a limited number of employees.
G. As long as paid annual leave remains unrealistic in most industrial sectors, the two-and-half-day weekend seems pointless.
完形填空【2023届福建省漳州市高三上学期第一次教学质量检测】
Wang Shun became China’s first Olympic champion in the men’s individual medley event in Tokyo 2020. In a live chat, Wang reveals how years of struggles and setbacks ____21____ him into a world-beater.
Recalling his childhood, Wang has pleasant ____22____ of the moment that raised his initial curiosity about ____23____. After that, Wang set a great goal that he wanted to be an Olympic ____24____. He always trained seriously and often ____25____ to stay in the pool for long hours.
During his training, Wang ____26____ many setbacks and difficulties, and realized it would not be ____27____ to reach the top of swimming. In 2019, ____28____, his performances were not ideal and he was really upset at the time about this. Then in June, he injured his ankle, which forced him to ____29____ two-week training and the recovery process was pretty _____30_____ and he even thought about quitting.
_____31_____, Wang has a considerate coach Zhu Zhigen, who _____32_____ with Wang and kept helping him improve mentally and physically. Zhu acts like parents toward his _____33_____ —a level of care he displays for Wang to this day. Before the final at the Tokyo Olympics, the coach _____34_____ guarded the door for Wang to ensure he slept well, because 10 athletes shared a room. With the help of his coach, Wang overcame all the _____35_____ and got the first prize in Tokyo 2020.
21．A．tricked B．turned C．put D．forced
22．A．challenges B．stories C．memories D．hobbies
23．A．swimming B．running C．jogging D．skating
24．A．volunteer B．champion C．player D．coach
25．A．failed B．hesitated C．regretted D．struggled
26．A．encountered B．settled C．understood D．ignored
27．A．rewardable B．suitable C．visible D．straightforward
28．A．on occasion B．in general C．on average D．for instance
29．A．give up B．stick to C．get through D．long for
30．A．slow B．tough C．smooth D．boring
31．A．Hopefully B．Eventually C．Fortunately D．Obviously
32．A．competed B．associated C．worked D．accompanied
33．A．pupils B．friends C．assistants D．colleagues
34．A．occasionally B．especially C．constantly D．unwillingly
35．A．anxieties B．puzzles C．barriers D．Mistakes
（2022·广东湛江·二模）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
The impact of pandemic (流行病) on life expectancy (预期寿命), one of the most widely used standards to assess population health, was assessed by a study____71____(publish) in the Informational Journal Epidemiology. The study___72___(conduct) by the Oxford University's Leverhulme Centre for Demographic (人口的) Science.
The study revealed that women from 15 countries and men from 10 ended up____73____a lower life expectancy at birth in 2020 compared to 2015. ____74____biggest drops in life expectancy, however, were witnessed in men instead of women in most countries. American men were the worst off, with 2.2 years shaved off their life expectancy at birth. Men in Lithuania faced the second____75____(large) impact on their life expectancy, with a cut of 1.7 years.
Reductions in life expectancy overall____76____(occur) in 27 of the 29 countries analyzed by the study. Only men and women in Denmark and Norway and women in Finland managed to____77____(successful) avoid drops in life expectancy, the study said. Non-pharmaceutical interventions and strong healthcare systems in these countries were cited as____78____(factor) that could help explain this.
All the countries____79____life expectancy dropped had taken an average of 5、6 years_____80_____(achieve). Just a one year increase in life expectancy. The pandemic wiped out of this progress, the study said.
高考英语语法填空考点整理 谓语动词
一.考点整理
考点一． 谓语动词的时态语态和时态标志
时态 主动形式 被动形式 时态标志
一般将来时 will do will be done tomorrow, next year, in a week
过去将来时 would do would be do the next day/morning, the next/following week/month/year
将来进行时 will be doing 无 at this time tomorrow, from 1：30 to 4：30 tomorrow
一般现在时 do/does is/am/are done always, every time, now and then, often, seldom, sometimes, usually
一般过去时 did was/were done yesterday, last week, two days ago, the other day, in 1998, just now, once upon a time
现在进行时 am/is/are doing am/is/are being done all the time, now, at 4 o'clock, at this moment, at present,currently
过去进行时 was/were doing was/were being done at that time, at this time yesterday, at five yesterday, the whole morning
现在完成时 have/has done have/has been done since, recently, lately, already, in/for/during the last/past few years, so far,by now, up to now, during the past/last＋时间段等时间状语
过去完成时 had done had been done by that time, by the end of＋过去时间，before 2000, by the time＋一般过去时 “过去的过去”
现在完成进行时 have/has been doing 无 表示一个动作发生在过去，持续到现在并有可能持续下去。常翻译为“一直”
考点二．含时态的固定句型
1.no sooner ... than ...或hardly ... when ...，”一...就...”主句用过去完成时，从句用一般过去时。 2.并列连词when“”这时突然“”，was/were doing sth when ...；be about to do sth when ...had done...when“等句式。 3.It/This/That is＋the＋序数词＋time＋that从句，要想到从句用现在完成时。 4.It/This/That was＋the＋序数词＋time＋that从句，要想到从句用过去完成时。 5.在时间状语从句或条件状语从句中，如果主句是一般将来时，从句则用一般现在时表示将来。 6.在由since引导的时间状语从句中，如果主句是现在完成时，从句则用一般过去时。 7.“祈使句＋and/or＋陈述句”，要想到陈述句用一般将来时。 8.It is high time that sb /sth did/(should) do 到了该做...的时候了
考点三、通过“动作先后”解决时态
此种方法主要用来解决两种类型的试题： 并列连词and, but, as well as, or, or else, both ... and ..., neither ... nor ..., either ... or ..., not only ... but also ..., rather than等及从属连词than可连接两个平行的结构。平行的另外一个结构与所选谓语动词的先后关系，决定着所选动词的时态； One day, when I was drawing diagrams on the balcony and he_______(bathe) inside, the volcano erupted unexpectedly. 涉及主从句时态的题目，我们可通过考虑主句和从句的关系和动作发生的时间先后来确定时态。 Mr White_______ (teach) in our school for nearly forty years before he retired last month. 根据for nearly forty years可知应用完成时，再根据before从句中的retired可知，从句中用的为过去时，主句动作发生在其前，故应用过去完成时，即had taught。 通过“语境暗示”解决时态：实际上，高考对时态的考查更注重“情境立意”，即在具体的语境下运用各种时态的能力。正因为如此，有些试题的时间状语和其他参照物都不明显，此时要树立全局观念，根据提供的语境，挖掘隐含信息，从而找到解题的突破口。 例如： While online shopping_______(change) our life, not all of its effects have been positive. 根据语境结合后面的have been可知此处 注意“特殊动词” 有些动词(短语)的用法比较特殊，要格外注意。如belong to(属于)不用进行时和被动语态；date from或date back to(追溯到)常用一般现在时；系动词如look, seem, feel, taste, sound, smell, prove, appear等不能用被动语态。对于这些特殊的词汇，务必要记牢。
考点四、谓语动词的主谓一致
一．语法一致：就是谓语动词和主语在单、复数形式上保持一致。 单数n.，不可数n.,不定式，动名词或从句作主语时，谓语动词用单数。主语为复数时，谓语动词用复数。 His father is working on the farm. Time is money. Doing morning exercises is good for your body. 做早操对你的身体有益。 To play with fire near a gas station is very dangerous. 在加油站附近玩火很危险。 What he said at the meeting is very important. 他在会上的发言很重要。 ◆由what引导的主语从句，后面的谓语动词多用单数但如果表语是复数或what从句是一个带有复数意义的 并列结构时，谓语动词用复数。 What I bought were 3 English books. What I say and do are helpful to you. either, neither, each, every或no+单数neither/neither/none of ＋复数名词，还有some, any, no, every 构成的复合不定代词作主语，谓语动词用单数。 Each of us has a new book. Everything around us is matter. Neither of the texts is interesting. None of us has been to South Africa. 定语从句中，关系代词that, which, who 作主语时，谓语动词的数和先行词一致。 He is one of my students who are working hard. He is the only one of my friends who is working hard. 集体名词family, class, crowd, committee, population, audience等，指整体时，用单数；指集体的成员时，用复数。 His family is a happy one. The whole family are watching TV. The population of China is 1400 million.(人口) One third of the population here are workers.(人) ◆people, cattle, police作主语时，谓语动词用复数。 由a lot of, lots of, plenty of, the rest of, the majority of ＋名词，或者是分数/百分数＋名词构成的短语作主 语，谓语动词的数由名词的单复数决定。 The rest of the lecture is wonderful. A lot of time is wasted. A lot of people take part in the meeting. 2/3 water is drunk by him. 2/3 students are absent. 倒装句中，谓语v.的数与其后的主语一致。 On the wall are many pictures. Such is the result. Such are the facts. 二、意义一致原则 表示时间、度量、长度、价值等的复数名词作主语，因为其在概念上是一个整体，谓语动词用单数。 Twenty minutes is enough for the work. One hundred dollars is stolen from the ATM. one and a half ＋复数n.，谓语动词用单数。 One and a half apples is left on the table. 表示学科的以-ics结尾的名词作主语，用单数。 Physics is an important subject in middle schools. 三、就近一致原则 就近一致：在英语句子中，有时谓语动词的人称和数与最近的主语保持一致。 1. 当两个主语由either … or， neither … nor，whether … or …，not only …but also连接时，谓语动词和邻近的主语一致。 Neither his parents nor I am able to persuade him to change his mind. 2. there be句型的be动词单复数取决于其后的主语。如果其后是由and连接的两个主语，则应与靠近的那个 主语保持一致。 There are two pens，a book and three pencils on the desk. There is a book，two pens and three pencils on the desk. 3. 在倒装句中，谓语动词的数应与其后的主语一致。 Here is a map and a handbook for you. Such are the facts. 4. 就远原则：谓语动词与前面主语一致。 主语后面接连接性短语时，这种结构并不影响主语和谓语的关系，即谓语动词的数与主语的数保持一致。此类连接性短语有as well as，as much as，along with，with，like，rather than， together with，but，except，besides，including，in addition to等。 Your sister as well as your parents is very kind to me. She，like you and betty，is very clever. 四、表数量概念的词或短语作主语 1. 表示时间、金钱、距离、重量等的复数名词作主语时，通常看作一个整体，谓语动词用单数。 Ten years has passed quickly. Ten dollars is enough. 100 kilometers is a long way. 2. ＂many a/more than one+单数名词＂作主语时，谓语动词用单数。 There is more than one answer. Many a student has passed the exam. 4. ＂one and a half+复数名词＂作主语时，谓语用单数。 One and a half days is all I can spare. 5. the rest of... 短语作主语时，如果of后接复数名词，谓语用复数；如果of后接不可数名词，谓语用单数。 The rest of the bikes are on sale. The rest of the bread is gone. 6. ＂none of+复数名词＂作主语时，谓语动词既可以用单数也可以用复数。 None of the dogs was/were there. 7.＂a number of+名词复数＂表示＂许多/大量的……＂，其后的谓语动词用复数；＂the number of+名词复 数＂表示＂……的数量＂，其中心词为number，故谓语动词用单数。 A number of farmers are standing over there. The number of the students in this school has reached over 2，000. 8. ＂a lot of/lots of/plenty of+名词＂作主语，谓语动词由of后的名词来确定。如果of后是不可数名词，谓语动词用单数；如果of后是复数名词，谓语动词用复数。 A lot of time is needed. Plenty of workers are working.
二.语法填空专练
A new study, ____21____ was published by the Rapid Transition Alliance has revealed that climate change will ____22____ (threat) global sports events over the next three decades. The report monitors climate change , development and global issues. Researchers said that ____23____ (near) all sports would be impacted by what they called “an accelerating climate crisis”. They highlight how major sports events ____24____ (interrupt) by the weather so far. Bushfires in Australia made playing conditions at risk at the Australian Tennis Open and heavy rain from a huge typhoon mined last year’s Rugby World Cup in Japan. The report predicts that fires, floods, heatwaves and ____25____ (rise) sea levels will cause greater damage.
Rapid Transition Alliance coordinator (协调员) Andrew Simms urged the sports industry ____26____ (do) more to become carbon-neutral. He said, “Sport provides some of society’s most ____27____ (influence) role models. If sport can change how it operates to act at the speed and scale necessary to prevent the climate emergency, others ____28____ (follow).” He added that the carbon emissions from sports events worldwide are equal to ____29____ produced by a medium-sized country. The report’s author, David Goldblatt, said sport should be more active. He said, “Making a carbon-zero world the priority of the sports world would make a huge contribution ____30____ the environment.”
A new study says that going to bed late may be bad______31______ our health．It may even shorten our life．The study was carried out in the United Kingdom．Researchers spent six and a half years______32______(look) at the lifestyles(生活方式) of 430，000 people between the ages of thirty eight ______33______ seventy three．At the end of the study，the researchers compared the deaths of people who went to bed early to those who went to bed late and ______34______(find) that night owls(people who go to bed late) were 10 per cent more likely(有可能) to die during the period of the study．The researchers said that night owls were at ______35______(high) risk of an early death than early birds(people who go to bed and get up early)．They were more likely to suffer from stomach and breathing troubles，and other ______36______(problem)．It may be because night owls have a biological(生物的) clock ______37______ doesn’t match their environment．And ______38______(difference) sleeping patterns(方式) during the week and at weekends could increase the chances of health problems for night owls．
Researcher Malcolm von Schantz said, “This is a public health problem that can no longer ______39______(ignore)．” He suggested that night owls should be allowed ______40______(start) and finish work later in the day so they could sleep longer in the morning．
三.阅读理解题型专练
Heat, cold and touch are crucial for experiencing the world around us and for our own survival. But how our bodies actually do it had been one of the great mysteries (神秘) of biology. Scientists who discovered how our bodies feel the warmth of the sun or the hug of a loved one have won the Nobel Prize.
David Julius and Ardem Patapoutian, from the US, share the 2021 prize in Medicine or Physiology for their work on sensing touch and temperature. They explored how our bodies convert physical sensations into electrical messages in the nervous system. Their findings could lead to new ways of treating pain.
Thomas Perlman, from the Nobel Prize Committee, said: “It was a very important and profound discovery.” Prof David Julius’s breakthrough, at the University of Calfornia, San Francisco, came from investigating the burning pain we feel from eating a hot chilli pepper (辣椒) . He experimented with the source of a chilli’s heat and discovered the specific type of receptor (感觉器官) that responded to it. Further tests showed the receptor was responding to heat and kicked in at “painful“ temperatures. This is what happens, for example，if you you’re your hand on a cup of coffee.
This led to a senses of other temperature sensors being discovered. Prof Julius and Prof Ardem Palapoutian found one that could detect cold. Meanwhile, Prof Patapoutian, working at the Scrips Research institute, was also analyzing cells in a dish. Those experiments led to the discovery of a different type of receptor that a was activated (激活)in response to mechanical force or touch. When you walk along a beach and feel the sand under your feet-it is these receptors that are sending signals to the brain.
The first heat sensor is also involved’ in lasting pain and how our body regulates its core temperature. The touch receptor has multiple roles, from urinating to blood pressure. The Prize Committee said their work had “allowed us to understand how heat, cold and mechanical force can initiate the nerve impulses (刺激) that allow us to perceive and adapt to the world around us.
8．What made David and Ardem win the Nobel Prize
A．Mysterious experiences B．Biological discoveries.
C．Exploration of sun heat. D．Survival in high temperature.
9．What does the underlined word “convert” in Paragraph 2 mean
A．Translate. B．Persuade.
C．Change. D．Lead.
10．Which contributed to the discovery of different temperature sensors
A．Burning hands on a coffee cup. B．The chilli pepper experiment.
C．Raising painful temperatures. D．The analysis of cells in a dish.
11．What could the discovery be applied to
A．Testing blood pressure. B．Promoting beach tourism.
C．Perceiving coffee color. D．Treating some diseases.
Society tells us we should socialize to the fullest, and that those who are surrounded by people are the most successful and the happiest. These days, we’re almost always connected, whether in person or through our phone screens and online social networks. But there’s something to be said for solitude (独处) Being alone “ doesn’t necessarily mean ” being lonely”. In fact, spending time by yourself is an essential element of self-care.
Around the globe, different cultures have wide-ranging perspectives on what it means to spend time alone. If you live or have spent time in the United States, you’re probably aware that Americans tend to reject solitude. For many younger people, weekends are packed with social activities, ranging from brunch with friends to dinner parties to game nights to drinking at bars and everything in between.
The United States isn’t the only place where you’ll find a heavy emphasis on social time. Across the Atlantic, the United Kingdom is known for being an extremely extroverted (外向型的) country. A survey of Brits found that more than half had never done and would be unwilling to do activities like going to theme parks or seeing live music alone. Most Brits spend almost twice as much of their leisure time socializing with others a as they do being alone.
The home can be a place of rest, relaxation and recharge-that is, if you live by yourself or have the space to be alone in your home. The country in which people are least likely to live alone is India, at about 4 percent of the population. China is also quite fond of multiple-person households, with only about 10 percent of people living by themselves. In more collectivist cultures like these, many aspects of life revolve(围绕) around community. Thus, spending time alone isn’t as ingrained (根深蒂固的) as a social convention in places like these, and the good of the group takes priority over the needs of one person.
12．What can we learn from the first paragraph
A．People can benefit more from solitude. B．People tend to socialize more nowadays.
C．Bring alone generally equals being lonely. D．Being alone enables people to be carefree.
13．Which of the following best describes young Americans
A．Imaginative and wild. B．Sensitive and energetic
C．Outgoing and sociable. D．Optimistic and dutiful.
14．How does the author prove his point
A．By making a summary. B．By drawing comparisons.
C．By explaining a concept. D．By providing examples.
15．Why are most Chinese people more likely to live together
A．Because they share a specific culture. B．Because they lack some local customs.
C．Because they possess enough home Space. D．Because they give priority to their own needs.
【Z20名校联盟（浙江省名校新高考研宄联盟）2022-2023学年髙三第一次联考】
根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出填入空白处最佳项。选项中有两处为多余选项。
The China State Council issued a document in early August, suggesting employers across the country make flexible working arrangements and give their workers Friday afternoons off during hot summer days in order to boost tourism and consumption.
Online surveys have shown that most correspondents are in favor of the State Council’s proposal for longer weekends, as two and a half days are enough even for one to plan a short journey. People will have more time to be together with their families. ____36____
However, there are doubts as to whether this well-intentioned initiative can be put into practice. ____37____ While the regular two-day weekend is still a dream for a large number of working people in various industries, a two-and-half-day weekend is really a luxury many people can barely afford.
____38____ If staff workers of government departments and public institutions no longer work on Friday afternoons, local residents will have nowhere to go if they have urgent issues to solve through these establishments.
Obviously, the only way out is to implement policies concerning paid annual leave in a realistic manner so that the working people can make arrangements for their days off work. As a result, holidaymakers don’t need to all rush to the same scenic spots during the same period of time, which would be beneficial to the protection and operation of these spots. ____39____ Thus it serves the initial purpose of boosting economic growth through developing tourism.
____40____ The government is supposed to pay more attention to the protection of labor rights and employ all possible means to ensure their holidays as well as the functions of government institutions, instead of just making economically motivated policies.
A. Also, this is an effective way to increase consumer spending.
B. The right of workers to rest and paid annual leave are protected under the law.
C. A larger number of workers, if not all, will benefit from official holiday arrangements.
D. Most people think that they will actually not be able to enjoy the benefits of such a scheme.
E. After rest and relaxation, employees will become more energetic when they come back to work.
F. Another worry is that this measure will finally be exclusively (专有地) enjoyed by a limited number of employees.
G. As long as paid annual leave remains unrealistic in most industrial sectors, the two-and-half-day weekend seems pointless.
完形填空【2023届福建省漳州市高三上学期第一次教学质量检测】
Wang Shun became China’s first Olympic champion in the men’s individual medley event in Tokyo 2020. In a live chat, Wang reveals how years of struggles and setbacks ____21____ him into a world-beater.
Recalling his childhood, Wang has pleasant ____22____ of the moment that raised his initial curiosity about ____23____. After that, Wang set a great goal that he wanted to be an Olympic ____24____. He always trained seriously and often ____25____ to stay in the pool for long hours.
During his training, Wang ____26____ many setbacks and difficulties, and realized it would not be ____27____ to reach the top of swimming. In 2019, ____28____, his performances were not ideal and he was really upset at the time about this. Then in June, he injured his ankle, which forced him to ____29____ two-week training and the recovery process was pretty _____30_____ and he even thought about quitting.
_____31_____, Wang has a considerate coach Zhu Zhigen, who _____32_____ with Wang and kept helping him improve mentally and physically. Zhu acts like parents toward his _____33_____ —a level of care he displays for Wang to this day. Before the final at the Tokyo Olympics, the coach _____34_____ guarded the door for Wang to ensure he slept well, because 10 athletes shared a room. With the help of his coach, Wang overcame all the _____35_____ and got the first prize in Tokyo 2020.
21．A．tricked B．turned C．put D．forced
22．A．challenges B．stories C．memories D．hobbies
23．A．swimming B．running C．jogging D．skating
24．A．volunteer B．champion C．player D．coach
25．A．failed B．hesitated C．regretted D．struggled
26．A．encountered B．settled C．understood D．ignored
27．A．rewardable B．suitable C．visible D．straightforward
28．A．on occasion B．in general C．on average D．for instance
29．A．give up B．stick to C．get through D．long for
30．A．slow B．tough C．smooth D．boring
31．A．Hopefully B．Eventually C．Fortunately D．Obviously
32．A．competed B．associated C．worked D．accompanied
33．A．pupils B．friends C．assistants D．colleagues
34．A．occasionally B．especially C．constantly D．unwillingly
35．A．anxieties B．puzzles C．barriers D．Mistakes
（2022·广东湛江·二模）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
The impact of pandemic (流行病) on life expectancy (预期寿命), one of the most widely used standards to assess population health, was assessed by a study____71____(publish) in the Informational Journal Epidemiology. The study___72___(conduct) by the Oxford University's Leverhulme Centre for Demographic (人口的) Science.
The study revealed that women from 15 countries and men from 10 ended up____73____a lower life expectancy at birth in 2020 compared to 2015. ____74____biggest drops in life expectancy, however, were witnessed in men instead of women in most countries. American men were the worst off, with 2.2 years shaved off their life expectancy at birth. Men in Lithuania faced the second____75____(large) impact on their life expectancy, with a cut of 1.7 years.
Reductions in life expectancy overall____76____(occur) in 27 of the 29 countries analyzed by the study. Only men and women in Denmark and Norway and women in Finland managed to____77____(successful) avoid drops in life expectancy, the study said. Non-pharmaceutical interventions and strong healthcare systems in these countries were cited as____78____(factor) that could help explain this.
All the countries____79____life expectancy dropped had taken an average of 5、6 years_____80_____(achieve). Just a one year increase in life expectancy. The pandemic wiped out of this progress, the study said.