高考英语语法填空考点整理学案 08 定语从句（无答案）
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高考英语语法填空考点整理 定语从句
一.考点整理
考点一． 定语从句结构特征
1. 主句必须是完整的句子。 2. 关系词后边的第一个句子是从句。剩下的是主句。 3. 主句大部分情况在前面，有时候在后面，有时候被从句分割开。 4. 从句可以完整，也可以不完整。 从句不完整用关系代词，从句完整用关系副词。 5.关系词的分类： ■关系代词:that /who /whom /which/ as /whose 连接主从句并代替从句所缺成分。 ■关系副词:where /why/ when 连接主从句不代替从句主干成分。
考点二．关系代词引导的定语从句
关系代词有：that, which, who, whom, whose, as等，关系代词可作主语、宾语、定语等。 1．who, whom, that这些词代替的先行词是表示人的名词或代词，在从句中可作主语、宾语等。 I've made good friends with several of the students in my school who/whom/that I met in the English speech contest last year. 2．whose既可指人又可指物，在定语从句中作定语。指物时，“whose＋名词”可用“the＋名词＋of which”或“of which＋the＋名词”来代替。 ①Do you know the boy whose handwriting is very beautiful ②I'd like a room whose window looks out over the sea. →I'd like a room, the window of which looks out over the sea. →I'd like a room, of which the window looks out over the sea. 3．which, that所代替的先行词是表示事物的名词或代词，在从句中可作主语、宾语等。 ①He was reading a book which/that was about war. A：只能用that，而不用which的情况。 (1)先行词是all, everything, something, anything, nothing, none, few, little, much等不定代词，或先行词被all, every, some, any, no, few, little等修饰时。 I have read all the books (that) you gave me. (2)先行词被形容词的最高级或序数词(如：the first，the second, ...，the last等)修饰时。 This is the best film (that) I have ever seen. (3)先行词被the only, the very, the right等修饰时。 The only thing that matters is to find our way home. (4)先行词既有人又有物时。 They talked about the persons and things (that) they remembered in the school. B：只能用which，不能用that的情况。 (1)在非限制性定语从句中，如果从句中缺少主语或宾语，并指物，只能用which。 Our football team won the final, which made us excited. (2)关系代词充当介词的宾语，且介词位于关系代词之前时，只能用which。 The house in which I used to live has become a shoe shop. 4．as引导的定语从句 A：as作为关系代词，在定语从句中缺少主语或宾语时使用，通常先行词由the same, as, such, so等修饰时，关系代词用as。 They could only read such stories as had been rewritten in simple English.(as作主语) These houses are sold at such a low price as people expected.(as作宾语) This is the same knife as I lost.(as作宾语) [注意] such ... as ... 与such ... that ... 的区别 such ... as ... 中的as引导的是定语从句，而such ... that ... 中的that引导的是结果状语从句。当as引导定语从句时，as在从句中一般作主语或宾语，而that引导结果状语从句时，that在从句中不作任何成分。 This is such a difficult problem as most of us can't work out. (从句中的work out缺少宾语，前面的as是关系代词，用作work out的宾语。) She is such a kind girl that many students like her. (状语从句是完整的句子，前面的that只起引导从句的作用，在从句中不作成分。) B：关系代词as与which引导非限制性定语从句的区别 (1)位置不同 as引导的非限制性定语从句可以置于主句之前、之中或之后，而which引导的非限制性定语从句只能位于主句之后。 As is often the case, little boys tend to be very active and out of control. Einstein, as is well known, is a famous scientist. There was a bank around here, as I remember. He failed in the exam, which was unexpected. (2)意义不同 as常译作“正如，像”，多用于下列习惯用语中：as anybody can see “正如人人都能看到的那样”；as is well known＝as is known to all “众所周知”；as we had expected “正如我们所预料的那样”；as often happens “正如经常发生的那样”；as is often the case “正如经常发生的那样”；as has been said before “如上所述”；as is mentioned above “正如上面提到的”；as I remember “正如我所记得的那样”。which常译作“这一点，这件事”，此时指前面主句所提到的那件事。 He opposed the idea, as could be expected. Tom has made great progress, which makes his parents very happy.
考点三、关系副词引导的定语从句
当定语从句中不缺少主语、宾语、定语和表语时，要选用关系副词。其中when, where, why是常见的三个关系副词。 1．关系副词when, where, why的先行词是表示时间、地点或理由的名词，关系副词在从句中作状语。 Nowadays people are more concerned about the environment where they live. ②I'll never forget the day when my son was born. [注意]：（1）当先行词为一些表示抽象地点的名词，如：point， situation， case， stage， family等时，如果引导词在从句中作状语，常用关系副词where引导定语从句；如果不作状语，则用关系代词that/which。 Remember that there is still one point that/which we must make clear at the conference tomorrow. She's in a hopeless situation， where we will keep a very close eye on her. （2）先行词occasion当“时刻”讲时，用关系副词when；当“场合”讲时，用关系副词where。 Please describe an occasion where you met real difficulties. Occasions are rare when I have the time to spend a day with my kids. 2．way和time后接定语从句的情况。 (1)当先行词是way(意为“方式、方法”，且关系词在定语从句中作状语)时，引导定语从句的关系词可以是that, in which或省略。 I don't like the way (that/in which) he looks at me. (2)先行词是time时，若time作“次数”讲，应用关系代词that引导定语从句，that可省略；若time作“一段时间，时代”讲，应用关系副词when或“介词at/during＋which”引导定语从句。 This is the first time (that) I have talked with a foreigner face to face. There was a time when I hated going to school.
考点三、“介词＋关系代词”引导的定语从句
1．关系代词的确定 在介词后作宾语的关系代词只有which和whom。如果先行词是物，引导词用which；如果先行词是人，则引导词用whom。 This is the train on which I went to Shanghai. This is the student for whom I bought the dictionary. [注意] 介词一般放在关系代词which和whom之前，如果介词和句中动词组成固定词组时，这个介词一般不前置。 My youngest brother， whom I have to look after， is demanding. 2．关系代词前介词的确定 (1)依据定语从句中动词或形容词的习惯搭配来确定。 ①The fellow to whom I spoke made no answer at first. 我与之说话的那个人起初没有回答。(speak to) ②The West Lake, for which Hangzhou is famous, is a beautiful place. 西湖是一个美丽的地方，杭州因此而闻名。(be famous for) (2)根据先行词来确定。 ③I'll never forget the time during which I spent my childhood in the country. 我永远不会忘记我在乡村度过的童年时光。(during the time) ④Air, without which man can't live, is really important. 空气真的很重要，没有它人类就不能生存。(without air) 3．“名词/代词＋介词＋关系代词”结构 此类结构常见的有“some/many/most/all/none＋of＋which/whom”等。 Here are the questions, some of which I think are difficult for you. 问题都在这儿，其中一些我认为对你来说很难。 He has three sons, none of whom are doctors.
二.语法填空专练
With simulated splits in the air, a man ___61___ (dress) in black jumps high and shows different poses before ___62___ (graceful) landing on the ground. So eye-catching is his dance____63____ it often attracts crowds that take pictures and ask what he is doing.
He is Chinese dancer-choreographer Ma Jiaolong, who ___64___ (make) and shared short videos of his dances in London since 2020. Ma has nearly 5 million followers on Douyin, ___65___major short-video platform known as TikTok overseas.
After Ma’s videos circulated widely online, he received lots of messages from people around the world, many of ___66___ were impressed by his ability ___67___ (dance) his moves perfectly. “I was fascinated by the dancers who portray roles of ancient ___68___ (hero) through the movements of Chinese classical dance. I wanted to be like ___69___ (they), who could bring ancient characters alive.”, recalls Ma. His devotion to dancing did lead him to a new approach_____70_____ creating dance.
Richard I was the king of England from 1189 to 1199. He was known as “Richard the Lionheart”, because he was a brave warrior and was said to be afraid of nothing. After ascending the throne (王座), Richard ____71____ (lead) an army to join the Third Crusade to recover Christian holy sites ____72____ the Muslims. He fought side by side with the Duke of Austria, Leopold V, and together they conquered the ____73____ (power) fortress (堡垒) of Acre in 1191. However, when Richard reached the top of the castle to claim victory, he displayed only his own banner and not ____74____ of Duke Leopold, who was absent at the time. This was an insult too much for the duke to bear, so he placed a price on Richard’s head.
Richard was aware of the danger ____75____ (await) him on his way back to England after the war. However, he had no other choice but ____76____ (cross) through Austria, a land controlled by his unfriendly former ally (盟友). Richard traveled in disguise ____77____ was recognized and caught before reaching Vienna. Duke Leopold held Richard at Dürnstein, a castle on the bank of the Danube River. After a few months, Richard was handed over to the German Emperor Heinrich VI. ____78____ ransom of 35 tons of silver was demanded by the duke and the emperor to release Richard. That was a huge amount for England to pay.
In 1194, the ransom was paid and Richard was finally released, though the effort it took to raise the money affected people throughout England. The silver ____79____ (split) between the German Emperor and the Austrian Duke. The Austrians used it to improve the city _____80_____ (wall) of Vienna and some small towns in the east.
三.阅读理解题型专练
阅读【浙江省“七彩阳光”新高考研究联盟2021-2022学年高三上学期返校考】
Over the years, Rachel and her family witnessed a severe change in the landscape of their home in Pennsylvania. The population grew, and the town got dirtier and polluted as it became more industrial.
“I’m going to be a writer,” Rachel told her good friend Olga. “And, I’m going to write about my love of nature. I want to show how industrialization and progress can cause damage and changes to animals, birds, and plants.”
When Rachel went to college, she majored in English. But because of her love of nature, she soon switched to biology and later worked for the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service.
In 1945, Rachel first became aware of the possible dangers of pesticides. Pesticides (杀虫剂), like DDT, are chemicals that kill insects that might hurt plants and crops. Years later, her friend Olga witnessed this danger firsthand. “It was horrible,” she told Rachel. “After the use of DDT, seven songbirds died in one place. Then for days after, we’d find more birds dead.”
“I know,” said Rachel. “True, DDT kills harmful insects, but it also kills the good insects we need for pollination and other purposes. It stays in the environment. When birds eat the poisoned insects, they get sick. If the bird doesn’t die, the poison can harm its offspring.”
Olga waved her arms wildly. “We have to do something about this.” Rachel went to her desk and grabbed a handful of papers. She handed them to Olga. “I’m writing a book from all the research I’ve gathered. It will be called Silent Spring. I’ll show how pesticides and other harmful chemicals can hurt nature.”
Olga raised her eyebrows. “You know the chemical manufacturers will fight you. If the government believes pesticides are harmful, they’ll begin an investigation and possibly outlaw them. The manufacturers will lose money.” Rachel lowered her eyes. “I know, but it’s a battle worth fighting. We have to protect the environment.”
21．What motivates Rachel to become an environmentalist
A．Her family’s support. B．Olga’s constant encouragement.
C．Her switch of major in college. D．Negative effects from development.
22．What do we know about the book Silent Spring
A．It is based on the result of Rachel’s research.
B．It’s about the damage caused by industrialization.
C．It is intended to raise people’s awareness of the risk from chemicals.
D．It tells the story about Olga’s witness of several birds’ death from poison.
23．What’s the last paragraph mainly about
A．Olga was worried about the harmful pesticides.
B．The government will take action about pesticides.
C．Rachel was determined to protect the environment.
D．Chemical manufacturers will probably oppose Rachel.
To determine if dogs display jealous (妒忌的) behavior, investigators set up a testing condition where the dogs could imagine that social interaction between their owner was taking place with another dog. For safety’s sake, they didn’t use another real dog, but rather a realistic model of a dog that might be viewed as a potential competitor for attention. As a control comparison, they used a cylinder (圆柱) that was wrapped in wool.
The test started out with the dogs tied on one side of the room. The dogs observed the “dog competitor,” sitting next to their owner. While the dog watched, a barrier was rolled into place between the dog and its potential “competitor” so that they could only see their owner from the waist up. Although the dogs could not see what their owner was doing with his hands, they could see him or her bending over and repeating some loving phrases like “What a good boy!”.
The chain that the dog was tied to was attached to the equipment that could record how hard the dog was pulling on it. Thus the measure of the degree of jealousy was how powerfully dogs attempted to reach their owners when they appeared to be petting the competitor “dog” behind the barrier. It was determined that this pulling really was based on jealousy because, in the condition where the owners were petting a wool-covered cylinder rather than the model dog, the dogs pulled with far less force. Remember that all of these activities happened just because of the dog’s mental picture as to what was going on since everything below the owner’s waist was hidden by the barrier.
Dogs’ ability to connect the dots and infer that their owners’ actions were directed toward a hidden competitor suggests that dogs not only are capable of mentally representing social interactions but also specifically do so when interpreting interactions that might threaten the social bond they have with their owners. This means that dogs, like people, can feel the strong negative emotion that Shakespeare called “the green-eyed beast.”
24．Why is a cylinder wrapped in wool used in the study
A．To hide the owner’s waist.
B．To control the model dog.
C．To act as a comparison to the competitor dog.
D．To provide comfort for the dogs feeling jealousy.
25．How is the dog’s degree of jealousy measured
A．How their owners pet the cylinder.
B．How forcefully the dogs pull on the lead.
C．How often the loving phrases are repeated.
D．How their owners show love to the model dog.
26．What makes the dogs show their jealousy
A．The model dog was sitting nearby.
B．Their owners were bending over to repeat loving words.
C．Below the owner’s waist was a wool-covered cylinder.
D．Some competitor dog was stealing their owner’s love away from them.
9.【“西南汇”联考2022-2023学年高三上学期开学考试】
Life gets busy, and before we know it, exercise is one of the first things to go when we have a tight schedule. You may find it challenging to make time to stay active with your busy lifestyle. ______16______
______17______
I’m sure you’ve heard this, “By failing to prepare, you are preparing to fail.” It may seem slightly cliche (陈词滥调), but this couldn’t be truer when it comes to planning for success. When we plan in advance, we’re less likely to lose focus of our goals when things get tough.
Join a fitness class
Working out in a group environment can give you the extra support you need to achieve your goals. When you join in a fitness class, you’re surrounded by a fun group of like-minded people. ______18______ You might just meet some friends along the way!
Find an activity you enjoy
When you find an activity you love, you’ll be much more likely to make time for it. ______19______ Try experimenting with a few different activities to see what you like. Once you find something you enjoy, you’ll find it easier to stick to it.
Pack your workout tools
Keeping a pair of running shoes, and workout clothes in your car or backpack will certainly come in handy on those busy days. ______20______ Some things I like to keep in my gym bag include a water bottle, headphones, running shoes and socks.
A. Plan Ahead.
B. Prepare for everything.
C. You shouldn’t feel tired of the activity.
D. Therefore, you need to find an interesting activity.
E. This helps keep exercise inspiring and motivating.
F. Doing so, you’ll be better prepared for your exercise plan.
G. Here are some tips to make activity a part of your daily routine.
完形填空【江苏省南通市海门实验学校2020-2021学年高三上学期学情调研二】
In August last year, my parents and I visited our relatives in Princeton Junction, New Jersey. Every day I enjoyed walking a circular way starting from their house. One evening I decided to be adventurous and changed from my ___41___ way—I was looking forward to a longer walk, ___42___ that I would be able to find my way back.
My walk took me ___43___ the living area and into a beautiful place with an expanse of fields on both sides of the road. With the sun beginning to ___44___, it was really a wonderful sight. After about thirty minutes, I noticed that I was not ___45___ back in the direction I had come. I searched for my mobile phone to get help, but it turned out to be left at home.
However, I remained ___46___. Although there weren’t any people about, there was some ___47___ and I was sure that someone would stop and point me in the right direction. As each car or truck came, I stopped and ___48___, but time after time each one passed me by. No one seemed to feel any ___49___ for me. About forty minutes, I was beginning to feel ____50____. There was no one in sight and my family was completely in the dark as to my position.
When I just gave up all hope, a black SUV ____51____ me and stopped. A mother and daughter were willing to help. I told them I was lost and gave them my address. The mother pointed to a turning a little further down the road and ____52____ me I was pretty close to home. Expressing my thanks, I started off at a fast ____53____.
I had been walking for about five minutes when I heard a car drive up behind me and stop. It was the mother and daughter again. They realized that they had not given me the correct direction.
They offered to ____54____ me home, and I was so grateful for their help. During our brief conversation I ____55____ that the teenage daughter was going to a school party and would now arrive late. We didn’t exchange names but I will never forget their act of kindness.
41．A．proper B．regular C．general D．similar
42．A．confident B．grateful C．ashamed D．proud
43．A．within B．round C．toward D．beyond
44．A．shine B．rise C．set D．fade
45．A．heading B．keeping C．taking D．looking
46．A．silent B．crazy C．awake D．calm
47．A．delay B．control C．traffic D．service
48．A．cheered B．waved C．sighed D．nodded
49．A．sympathy B．satisfaction C．respect D．responsibility
50．A．innocent B．ridiculous C．fortunate D．desperate
51．A．surrounded B．approached C．preserved D．accompanied
52．A．supported B．defended C．corrected D．promised
53．A．pace B．track C．level D．stage
54．A．charge B．drop C．allow D．reach
55．A．observed B．predicted C．recognized D．Sensed
（2022·湖南湘潭·三模）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Three Chinese astronauts Zhai Zhigang, Wang Yaping and Ye Guangfu of the Shenzhou-13 mission gave a special lecture from China’s space station to students on Earth. The class began at 3:40 pm(Beijing Time), with a total of 1,420 students ____91____(attend) the lecture from five classrooms across China.
Wang, ____92____ was assisted by the two other crew members, gave the students a tour of the living and working areas of the space station. She showed ____93____(they) the microwave, water dispenser (饮水机) and refrigerator in the space kitchen. Wang said the astronauts may look slightly fat as the microgravity in space can affect blood circulation. They use an exercise machine, spin bike and resistance bands to stay ____94____(health).
In response to a Hong Kong student's question about water, Wang said the water they drink is recycled, noting that there is no ____95____(different) in taste between regular and recycled water. With a water recycling system, full use ____96____(make) of every drop of water in the space station.
Zhai introduced the special uniform Ye ____97____(wear) during the class. According to Zhai, it is called a "penguin jumpsuit" and it has multiple elastic bands inside it ____98____(help) the astronauts maintain their muscle strength. Ye then showed experiments related to cell growth ____99____ the weightless environment in space. They compared the growth ____100____ shape of cells in artificial gravity and zero-gravity so as to study their changing rules and mechanisms.
高考英语语法填空考点整理 定语从句
一.考点整理
考点一． 定语从句结构特征
1. 主句必须是完整的句子。 2. 关系词后边的第一个句子是从句。剩下的是主句。 3. 主句大部分情况在前面，有时候在后面，有时候被从句分割开。 4. 从句可以完整，也可以不完整。 从句不完整用关系代词，从句完整用关系副词。 5.关系词的分类： ■关系代词:that /who /whom /which/ as /whose 连接主从句并代替从句所缺成分。 ■关系副词:where /why/ when 连接主从句不代替从句主干成分。
考点二．关系代词引导的定语从句
关系代词有：that, which, who, whom, whose, as等，关系代词可作主语、宾语、定语等。 1．who, whom, that这些词代替的先行词是表示人的名词或代词，在从句中可作主语、宾语等。 I've made good friends with several of the students in my school who/whom/that I met in the English speech contest last year. 2．whose既可指人又可指物，在定语从句中作定语。指物时，“whose＋名词”可用“the＋名词＋of which”或“of which＋the＋名词”来代替。 ①Do you know the boy whose handwriting is very beautiful ②I'd like a room whose window looks out over the sea. →I'd like a room, the window of which looks out over the sea. →I'd like a room, of which the window looks out over the sea. 3．which, that所代替的先行词是表示事物的名词或代词，在从句中可作主语、宾语等。 ①He was reading a book which/that was about war. A：只能用that，而不用which的情况。 (1)先行词是all, everything, something, anything, nothing, none, few, little, much等不定代词，或先行词被all, every, some, any, no, few, little等修饰时。 I have read all the books (that) you gave me. (2)先行词被形容词的最高级或序数词(如：the first，the second, ...，the last等)修饰时。 This is the best film (that) I have ever seen. (3)先行词被the only, the very, the right等修饰时。 The only thing that matters is to find our way home. (4)先行词既有人又有物时。 They talked about the persons and things (that) they remembered in the school. B：只能用which，不能用that的情况。 (1)在非限制性定语从句中，如果从句中缺少主语或宾语，并指物，只能用which。 Our football team won the final, which made us excited. (2)关系代词充当介词的宾语，且介词位于关系代词之前时，只能用which。 The house in which I used to live has become a shoe shop. 4．as引导的定语从句 A：as作为关系代词，在定语从句中缺少主语或宾语时使用，通常先行词由the same, as, such, so等修饰时，关系代词用as。 They could only read such stories as had been rewritten in simple English.(as作主语) These houses are sold at such a low price as people expected.(as作宾语) This is the same knife as I lost.(as作宾语) [注意] such ... as ... 与such ... that ... 的区别 such ... as ... 中的as引导的是定语从句，而such ... that ... 中的that引导的是结果状语从句。当as引导定语从句时，as在从句中一般作主语或宾语，而that引导结果状语从句时，that在从句中不作任何成分。 This is such a difficult problem as most of us can't work out. (从句中的work out缺少宾语，前面的as是关系代词，用作work out的宾语。) She is such a kind girl that many students like her. (状语从句是完整的句子，前面的that只起引导从句的作用，在从句中不作成分。) B：关系代词as与which引导非限制性定语从句的区别 (1)位置不同 as引导的非限制性定语从句可以置于主句之前、之中或之后，而which引导的非限制性定语从句只能位于主句之后。 As is often the case, little boys tend to be very active and out of control. Einstein, as is well known, is a famous scientist. There was a bank around here, as I remember. He failed in the exam, which was unexpected. (2)意义不同 as常译作“正如，像”，多用于下列习惯用语中：as anybody can see “正如人人都能看到的那样”；as is well known＝as is known to all “众所周知”；as we had expected “正如我们所预料的那样”；as often happens “正如经常发生的那样”；as is often the case “正如经常发生的那样”；as has been said before “如上所述”；as is mentioned above “正如上面提到的”；as I remember “正如我所记得的那样”。which常译作“这一点，这件事”，此时指前面主句所提到的那件事。 He opposed the idea, as could be expected. Tom has made great progress, which makes his parents very happy.
考点三、关系副词引导的定语从句
当定语从句中不缺少主语、宾语、定语和表语时，要选用关系副词。其中when, where, why是常见的三个关系副词。 1．关系副词when, where, why的先行词是表示时间、地点或理由的名词，关系副词在从句中作状语。 Nowadays people are more concerned about the environment where they live. ②I'll never forget the day when my son was born. [注意]：（1）当先行词为一些表示抽象地点的名词，如：point， situation， case， stage， family等时，如果引导词在从句中作状语，常用关系副词where引导定语从句；如果不作状语，则用关系代词that/which。 Remember that there is still one point that/which we must make clear at the conference tomorrow. She's in a hopeless situation， where we will keep a very close eye on her. （2）先行词occasion当“时刻”讲时，用关系副词when；当“场合”讲时，用关系副词where。 Please describe an occasion where you met real difficulties. Occasions are rare when I have the time to spend a day with my kids. 2．way和time后接定语从句的情况。 (1)当先行词是way(意为“方式、方法”，且关系词在定语从句中作状语)时，引导定语从句的关系词可以是that, in which或省略。 I don't like the way (that/in which) he looks at me. (2)先行词是time时，若time作“次数”讲，应用关系代词that引导定语从句，that可省略；若time作“一段时间，时代”讲，应用关系副词when或“介词at/during＋which”引导定语从句。 This is the first time (that) I have talked with a foreigner face to face. There was a time when I hated going to school.
考点三、“介词＋关系代词”引导的定语从句
1．关系代词的确定 在介词后作宾语的关系代词只有which和whom。如果先行词是物，引导词用which；如果先行词是人，则引导词用whom。 This is the train on which I went to Shanghai. This is the student for whom I bought the dictionary. [注意] 介词一般放在关系代词which和whom之前，如果介词和句中动词组成固定词组时，这个介词一般不前置。 My youngest brother， whom I have to look after， is demanding. 2．关系代词前介词的确定 (1)依据定语从句中动词或形容词的习惯搭配来确定。 ①The fellow to whom I spoke made no answer at first. 我与之说话的那个人起初没有回答。(speak to) ②The West Lake, for which Hangzhou is famous, is a beautiful place. 西湖是一个美丽的地方，杭州因此而闻名。(be famous for) (2)根据先行词来确定。 ③I'll never forget the time during which I spent my childhood in the country. 我永远不会忘记我在乡村度过的童年时光。(during the time) ④Air, without which man can't live, is really important. 空气真的很重要，没有它人类就不能生存。(without air) 3．“名词/代词＋介词＋关系代词”结构 此类结构常见的有“some/many/most/all/none＋of＋which/whom”等。 Here are the questions, some of which I think are difficult for you. 问题都在这儿，其中一些我认为对你来说很难。 He has three sons, none of whom are doctors.
二.语法填空专练
With simulated splits in the air, a man ___61___ (dress) in black jumps high and shows different poses before ___62___ (graceful) landing on the ground. So eye-catching is his dance____63____ it often attracts crowds that take pictures and ask what he is doing.
He is Chinese dancer-choreographer Ma Jiaolong, who ___64___ (make) and shared short videos of his dances in London since 2020. Ma has nearly 5 million followers on Douyin, ___65___major short-video platform known as TikTok overseas.
After Ma’s videos circulated widely online, he received lots of messages from people around the world, many of ___66___ were impressed by his ability ___67___ (dance) his moves perfectly. “I was fascinated by the dancers who portray roles of ancient ___68___ (hero) through the movements of Chinese classical dance. I wanted to be like ___69___ (they), who could bring ancient characters alive.”, recalls Ma. His devotion to dancing did lead him to a new approach_____70_____ creating dance.
Richard I was the king of England from 1189 to 1199. He was known as “Richard the Lionheart”, because he was a brave warrior and was said to be afraid of nothing. After ascending the throne (王座), Richard ____71____ (lead) an army to join the Third Crusade to recover Christian holy sites ____72____ the Muslims. He fought side by side with the Duke of Austria, Leopold V, and together they conquered the ____73____ (power) fortress (堡垒) of Acre in 1191. However, when Richard reached the top of the castle to claim victory, he displayed only his own banner and not ____74____ of Duke Leopold, who was absent at the time. This was an insult too much for the duke to bear, so he placed a price on Richard’s head.
Richard was aware of the danger ____75____ (await) him on his way back to England after the war. However, he had no other choice but ____76____ (cross) through Austria, a land controlled by his unfriendly former ally (盟友). Richard traveled in disguise ____77____ was recognized and caught before reaching Vienna. Duke Leopold held Richard at Dürnstein, a castle on the bank of the Danube River. After a few months, Richard was handed over to the German Emperor Heinrich VI. ____78____ ransom of 35 tons of silver was demanded by the duke and the emperor to release Richard. That was a huge amount for England to pay.
In 1194, the ransom was paid and Richard was finally released, though the effort it took to raise the money affected people throughout England. The silver ____79____ (split) between the German Emperor and the Austrian Duke. The Austrians used it to improve the city _____80_____ (wall) of Vienna and some small towns in the east.
三.阅读理解题型专练
阅读【浙江省“七彩阳光”新高考研究联盟2021-2022学年高三上学期返校考】
Over the years, Rachel and her family witnessed a severe change in the landscape of their home in Pennsylvania. The population grew, and the town got dirtier and polluted as it became more industrial.
“I’m going to be a writer,” Rachel told her good friend Olga. “And, I’m going to write about my love of nature. I want to show how industrialization and progress can cause damage and changes to animals, birds, and plants.”
When Rachel went to college, she majored in English. But because of her love of nature, she soon switched to biology and later worked for the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service.
In 1945, Rachel first became aware of the possible dangers of pesticides. Pesticides (杀虫剂), like DDT, are chemicals that kill insects that might hurt plants and crops. Years later, her friend Olga witnessed this danger firsthand. “It was horrible,” she told Rachel. “After the use of DDT, seven songbirds died in one place. Then for days after, we’d find more birds dead.”
“I know,” said Rachel. “True, DDT kills harmful insects, but it also kills the good insects we need for pollination and other purposes. It stays in the environment. When birds eat the poisoned insects, they get sick. If the bird doesn’t die, the poison can harm its offspring.”
Olga waved her arms wildly. “We have to do something about this.” Rachel went to her desk and grabbed a handful of papers. She handed them to Olga. “I’m writing a book from all the research I’ve gathered. It will be called Silent Spring. I’ll show how pesticides and other harmful chemicals can hurt nature.”
Olga raised her eyebrows. “You know the chemical manufacturers will fight you. If the government believes pesticides are harmful, they’ll begin an investigation and possibly outlaw them. The manufacturers will lose money.” Rachel lowered her eyes. “I know, but it’s a battle worth fighting. We have to protect the environment.”
21．What motivates Rachel to become an environmentalist
A．Her family’s support. B．Olga’s constant encouragement.
C．Her switch of major in college. D．Negative effects from development.
22．What do we know about the book Silent Spring
A．It is based on the result of Rachel’s research.
B．It’s about the damage caused by industrialization.
C．It is intended to raise people’s awareness of the risk from chemicals.
D．It tells the story about Olga’s witness of several birds’ death from poison.
23．What’s the last paragraph mainly about
A．Olga was worried about the harmful pesticides.
B．The government will take action about pesticides.
C．Rachel was determined to protect the environment.
D．Chemical manufacturers will probably oppose Rachel.
To determine if dogs display jealous (妒忌的) behavior, investigators set up a testing condition where the dogs could imagine that social interaction between their owner was taking place with another dog. For safety’s sake, they didn’t use another real dog, but rather a realistic model of a dog that might be viewed as a potential competitor for attention. As a control comparison, they used a cylinder (圆柱) that was wrapped in wool.
The test started out with the dogs tied on one side of the room. The dogs observed the “dog competitor,” sitting next to their owner. While the dog watched, a barrier was rolled into place between the dog and its potential “competitor” so that they could only see their owner from the waist up. Although the dogs could not see what their owner was doing with his hands, they could see him or her bending over and repeating some loving phrases like “What a good boy!”.
The chain that the dog was tied to was attached to the equipment that could record how hard the dog was pulling on it. Thus the measure of the degree of jealousy was how powerfully dogs attempted to reach their owners when they appeared to be petting the competitor “dog” behind the barrier. It was determined that this pulling really was based on jealousy because, in the condition where the owners were petting a wool-covered cylinder rather than the model dog, the dogs pulled with far less force. Remember that all of these activities happened just because of the dog’s mental picture as to what was going on since everything below the owner’s waist was hidden by the barrier.
Dogs’ ability to connect the dots and infer that their owners’ actions were directed toward a hidden competitor suggests that dogs not only are capable of mentally representing social interactions but also specifically do so when interpreting interactions that might threaten the social bond they have with their owners. This means that dogs, like people, can feel the strong negative emotion that Shakespeare called “the green-eyed beast.”
24．Why is a cylinder wrapped in wool used in the study
A．To hide the owner’s waist.
B．To control the model dog.
C．To act as a comparison to the competitor dog.
D．To provide comfort for the dogs feeling jealousy.
25．How is the dog’s degree of jealousy measured
A．How their owners pet the cylinder.
B．How forcefully the dogs pull on the lead.
C．How often the loving phrases are repeated.
D．How their owners show love to the model dog.
26．What makes the dogs show their jealousy
A．The model dog was sitting nearby.
B．Their owners were bending over to repeat loving words.
C．Below the owner’s waist was a wool-covered cylinder.
D．Some competitor dog was stealing their owner’s love away from them.
9.【“西南汇”联考2022-2023学年高三上学期开学考试】
Life gets busy, and before we know it, exercise is one of the first things to go when we have a tight schedule. You may find it challenging to make time to stay active with your busy lifestyle. ______16______
______17______
I’m sure you’ve heard this, “By failing to prepare, you are preparing to fail.” It may seem slightly cliche (陈词滥调), but this couldn’t be truer when it comes to planning for success. When we plan in advance, we’re less likely to lose focus of our goals when things get tough.
Join a fitness class
Working out in a group environment can give you the extra support you need to achieve your goals. When you join in a fitness class, you’re surrounded by a fun group of like-minded people. ______18______ You might just meet some friends along the way!
Find an activity you enjoy
When you find an activity you love, you’ll be much more likely to make time for it. ______19______ Try experimenting with a few different activities to see what you like. Once you find something you enjoy, you’ll find it easier to stick to it.
Pack your workout tools
Keeping a pair of running shoes, and workout clothes in your car or backpack will certainly come in handy on those busy days. ______20______ Some things I like to keep in my gym bag include a water bottle, headphones, running shoes and socks.
A. Plan Ahead.
B. Prepare for everything.
C. You shouldn’t feel tired of the activity.
D. Therefore, you need to find an interesting activity.
E. This helps keep exercise inspiring and motivating.
F. Doing so, you’ll be better prepared for your exercise plan.
G. Here are some tips to make activity a part of your daily routine.
完形填空【江苏省南通市海门实验学校2020-2021学年高三上学期学情调研二】
In August last year, my parents and I visited our relatives in Princeton Junction, New Jersey. Every day I enjoyed walking a circular way starting from their house. One evening I decided to be adventurous and changed from my ___41___ way—I was looking forward to a longer walk, ___42___ that I would be able to find my way back.
My walk took me ___43___ the living area and into a beautiful place with an expanse of fields on both sides of the road. With the sun beginning to ___44___, it was really a wonderful sight. After about thirty minutes, I noticed that I was not ___45___ back in the direction I had come. I searched for my mobile phone to get help, but it turned out to be left at home.
However, I remained ___46___. Although there weren’t any people about, there was some ___47___ and I was sure that someone would stop and point me in the right direction. As each car or truck came, I stopped and ___48___, but time after time each one passed me by. No one seemed to feel any ___49___ for me. About forty minutes, I was beginning to feel ____50____. There was no one in sight and my family was completely in the dark as to my position.
When I just gave up all hope, a black SUV ____51____ me and stopped. A mother and daughter were willing to help. I told them I was lost and gave them my address. The mother pointed to a turning a little further down the road and ____52____ me I was pretty close to home. Expressing my thanks, I started off at a fast ____53____.
I had been walking for about five minutes when I heard a car drive up behind me and stop. It was the mother and daughter again. They realized that they had not given me the correct direction.
They offered to ____54____ me home, and I was so grateful for their help. During our brief conversation I ____55____ that the teenage daughter was going to a school party and would now arrive late. We didn’t exchange names but I will never forget their act of kindness.
41．A．proper B．regular C．general D．similar
42．A．confident B．grateful C．ashamed D．proud
43．A．within B．round C．toward D．beyond
44．A．shine B．rise C．set D．fade
45．A．heading B．keeping C．taking D．looking
46．A．silent B．crazy C．awake D．calm
47．A．delay B．control C．traffic D．service
48．A．cheered B．waved C．sighed D．nodded
49．A．sympathy B．satisfaction C．respect D．responsibility
50．A．innocent B．ridiculous C．fortunate D．desperate
51．A．surrounded B．approached C．preserved D．accompanied
52．A．supported B．defended C．corrected D．promised
53．A．pace B．track C．level D．stage
54．A．charge B．drop C．allow D．reach
55．A．observed B．predicted C．recognized D．Sensed
（2022·湖南湘潭·三模）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Three Chinese astronauts Zhai Zhigang, Wang Yaping and Ye Guangfu of the Shenzhou-13 mission gave a special lecture from China’s space station to students on Earth. The class began at 3:40 pm(Beijing Time), with a total of 1,420 students ____91____(attend) the lecture from five classrooms across China.
Wang, ____92____ was assisted by the two other crew members, gave the students a tour of the living and working areas of the space station. She showed ____93____(they) the microwave, water dispenser (饮水机) and refrigerator in the space kitchen. Wang said the astronauts may look slightly fat as the microgravity in space can affect blood circulation. They use an exercise machine, spin bike and resistance bands to stay ____94____(health).
In response to a Hong Kong student's question about water, Wang said the water they drink is recycled, noting that there is no ____95____(different) in taste between regular and recycled water. With a water recycling system, full use ____96____(make) of every drop of water in the space station.
Zhai introduced the special uniform Ye ____97____(wear) during the class. According to Zhai, it is called a "penguin jumpsuit" and it has multiple elastic bands inside it ____98____(help) the astronauts maintain their muscle strength. Ye then showed experiments related to cell growth ____99____ the weightless environment in space. They compared the growth ____100____ shape of cells in artificial gravity and zero-gravity so as to study their changing rules and mechanisms.