高考英语语法填空考点整理学案 10 并列句和状语从句（无答案）
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高考英语语法填空考点整理 并列从句和状语从句
一.考点整理
考点一． 并列句总结
一．并列连词及重点句式 常见的并列连词有： 并列连词并列关系或递进关系and, when (那个时候突然), not only ... but also ... neither ... nor ..., both ... and ... 转折或对比关系but, while (而，尽管), yet, not ... but ... 选择关系or, either ... or ..., otherwise, or else (否则，要不然)因果关系for, so
(2)并列句的重点句式 ●祈使句＋and/or＋陈述句。 ●sb was doing sth when .../sb was about to do sth when ... /sb had just done sth when ...
二．主要连词用法归纳
分 类 连词 意义 例句 注意
表 并 列 and 和，又，而 I make the payments and keep the accou- nts.
表 并 列 not only... but also... 不但……而且…… ①Not only is that problem very important，but(also) it is very difficult to be solved. ②Not only you but(also)I am to blame. ③The Great Wall is made not only of bricks and stones but of flesh and blood of the working people. (1)放在句首时，如果连接一个分句，表示强调，这时要用倒装句；若连接两个主语则不用倒装。 (2)连接两个主语，谓语动词的形式采用就近原则。 (3)连接一个句子的相同的句子成分，不能出现交叉现象。
表并列 as well as 也，又 ①A teacher should entert- ain as well as teach. ②Your brother as well as you is very kind to me. ③We should know about why we should do it as well as how to do it in learning. (1)连接两个并列成分作主语时，句子的谓语动词应与前面那个名词或代词在人称和数上保持一致。 (2)与汉语语序不尽相同。它所强调的是前者。
表并列 both... and... 不但……而且……； 既……又 …… Both my brother and my sister ran to help me.
when 就在那时 ①We were about to leave when it began to rain. ②I was wandering through the streets when I caught sight of a tailor’s shop. [] 相当于and then，at that time，just then，一般置于第二个分句句首，第一分句多用过去时、过去进行时。
表转折 but 但是 He is old，but he looks young. but表示转折时，不能与从属连词although/though/as/in spite of/despite(尽管)出现在同一个句子中。
yet 然而 He got up early，(and) yet he failed to catch the early bus.
表转折 however 可是，尽管如此 ①He knew what he want- ed，however, he didn’t know how to get it. ②However，we’ll look into the matter. 可置于句首、句中、句末，常用逗号与分句隔开。它与but最大的区别在于其后有没有逗号，有逗号，用however；没有逗号，就用but。
nevertheless 但是 She was very tired，nevertheless she kept on doing homework.
表因果 so 因此 ①It was rather late，so we decided to go home. ②She coughed badly，(and)so she went to see a doctor. 不能与because，since，as同时用在同一个句子中，so指由很清楚的原因导致的结果。
for 因为，由于 It must have rained last night，for the road is still wet. 并列分句只能放在句末，用逗号隔开，表示推断的理由，是一种补充说明的原因。
表因果 therefore 因此 He broke the law，therefore，he was put into prison. 为正式的书面用语。指通过严密的推理而得出的结果。
thus 因此，所以 She worked hard，thus she passed the exam. 指更严密的推理，也指直接的结果。
表对比 while 而 Some people like hot food，while others like sweet food.
whereas 然而 They want to buy a new house，whereas we would rather live in the old house.
表选择 or, or else, otherwise 或者 ①Hurry up，or/or else/other- wise you will miss the train. ②Do what you’ve been told，otherwise you will be punish- ed. ③I was as busy as a bee，otherwise/or I would have helped you. or常用于“祈使句＋or＋简单句”，这种句型同样适用于or else和other- wise。一般来说，这三个连词可以互换使用。
either...or ... 要么…… 要么…… Either you or he is right. 连接并列主语时，谓语动词的数与最近的主语保持一致。
考点二．状语从句的分类及常用连词
状语从句 时间状语 when, while, as, before, after, once, till, until, since, every time, the moment, hardly ... when
地点状语 where, wherever (无论什么地方，不管哪里)
原因状语 because, since, as, now that (＝since 既然，由于)
目的状语 so that (为了，以便)，in order that, in case (以防万一)
结果状语 so that (结果), so ... that, such ... that (如此……以至于)
条件状语 if, unless (除非，如果不), as long as (只要), so long as (只要), on condition that (条件是), in case (如果，万一)
方式状语 as (像，依照), as if/as though (好像，仿佛)
让步状语 although, though, as (状语或表语要提到as前，作表语的单数可数名词提前时，不用a或an)，even if/even though (即使), whether ... or ... (不管……还是), whoever (＝no matter who), whatever (＝no matter what), whenever (＝no matter when), whichever (＝no matter which)
比较状语 than, as ... as ..., not as ... as ..., not so ... as ..., the same ... as ..., such ... as ..., the more ... the more ...
考点三、状语从句考点总结
序号状语从句专题1Whatever (= No matter what) may happen, we shall not lose hope.疑问词+ever的连接代词，以及相应的no matter+疑问词引导状语从句时，从句不完整。2When ( the museum is) completed，the museum will be open to the public next year.3If (it is) possible, he will help you out of the difficulty. 状语从句的省略：如果从句的主语与主句的主语一致，或主语是it，且从句的谓语又包含动词be，那么从句中的“主语 + be”部分可省略。4It won't be long before we meet again.不久就5Einstein almost knocked me down before he saw me才6We had sailed four days and four nights before we saw land才7Before I could say a word, she had stormed out of the room. 还未来得及before 肯定句(才)；否定句(不久就)。主主将从现，主过从过用before8I went to bed after I have finished my homework 9He has studied very hard since he came to our school. since+时间/一般过去时，主句用现在完成时。10He didn't leave the office until his boss came back11She didn’t stop working until eleven o’clock . = Not until eleven o’clock did she stop working注意：not until放在句首，主句要用部分倒装句12It was not until eleven o’clock that she stopped working注意：此句式是not…until 的强调句型13I had hardly got home when it began to rain. =Hardly had I got home when it began to rain.14No sooner had we got to the station than the train left.主句为过去完成时，从句为过去时，如hardly或no sooner位于句首时主句的谓语要用部分倒装。15I was walking along the street when suddenly someone patted me on the shoulder from behind.16I was about to leave when It began to rain17I had just finished my exam paper when the bell rangbe about to do…when=be on the point of doing…when… 正要做…这时突然be doing…when…正在做…这时突然had just done …when 刚做完…这时突然18注意区分where引导的定语从句与状语从句：
You’d better make a mark where you have any questions（状语从句）
You’d better make a mark at the place where you have any questions．(定语从句)19Now that/Since everybody is here，let’s begin our meeting.20He doesn’t know about it，for he didn’t see the film. 21Mike is so honest a worker that we all believe him
It is such fine weather that we all want to go to the park22You will miss the bus unless you hurry up.23One can’t learn a foreign language unless he studies hard.24You may use my dictionary as [so] long as you don't keep it too long. 25He woke up as suddenly as he had fallen asleep.(第一个as是副词)26I have never seen so much rain as fell that February. (否定结构常用so…as, 也可用as...as)27The more exercise you take, the stronger you will be.as引导的从句28As I waited at the stop， I heard a big noise.当……的时候29As she was not well, I went there alone. “因为”、“由于”30Hard as it was raining， they went on working in the field. 虽然……但是…31You should do as the teacher tells you.按照”、“依照32I hope the necklace was as good as the one you lent me.像……一样33As we know, China is becoming more and more powerful in the world.正如、正像形容词/分词/副词/动词原形/名词（无冠词）+as/though+主语+谓语……while引导的从句34Some people waste food while others haven't enough. 然而35While there is life there is hope.只要36While there was no conclusive evidence, most people thought he was guilty. 虽然…但是…37While he is speaking, he does a lot of gestures当...的时候since引导的从句38Things have changed a lot since I wrote to you last time.自从39I'll do it for you since you are busy.既然40No matter how busy you are, he always insists on coming with you. 41He bought fewer books than I (did).他买的书比我买的少。42Once you start, you will never give up.一旦……就……43Once he lived in America, but now he lives in England.曾经;一度;从前
二.语法填空专练
Experts say a recent change in the color of the Mekong River—from yellowish-brown to sky-blue-could be a worrying sign. They say the change suggests a possible problem ___21___ (cause)by dams that have been built along the Mekong. The river covers ___22___ distance of 4, 300 kilometers. It begins high in the mountains of Tibet and flows through China and five other countries.
The Mekong usually has a yellowish-brown color ___23___ results from the sediment(沉淀物)it normally carries. But recent ___24___ (report)say it has been running clear and taking on a bluish-green color. At the same time, the water levels ___25___ (become)unusually low, creating sandbanks that enable people ___26___ (stand)in the middle of the river. The low water levels ___27___ (clear)cause problems for fishermen and farmers. But experts in Thailand say the decrease in sediment ___28___ (represent)a different threat, one that can result in a greater erosion of the sides and bottom of the river.
Experts and people living along the river blame the changes ___29___ . a large dam upriver in Laos. The dam began operating in October. Critics say it is blocking much sediment from flowing down the river. About 70 million people depend on the Mekong River for water, food, jobs, agriculture and transportation. Critics say several large dam projects along the Mekong are harming the river and ____30____ (it)environment.
Most of us think that the world’s oldest color is black or dark grey. However, scientists have discovered that bright pink is the oldest ___31___ (know)color. They looked at 1. 1-billion-year-old rocks deep beneath the Sahara Desert. ___32___ (make)powder from the rocks, then they found a bright pink color. Dr Nur Gueneli ___33___ came from the Australian National University led the research. She said it ___34___ (produce)by ancient organisms that lived in old oceans. At that time, tiny organisms were ___35___ largest life forms on the earth.
Dr Gueneli said her first ___36___ (react)was complete amazement. She said her team thought the rock powder might turn black in their experiments. Instead, it turned pink. Another researcher said, “Dr Gueneli came into my office and ___37___ (show)this bright pink material, saying, ‘Look at this. It turned out to be a real color, 1. 1 billion years old.’” The rocks could contain other colors, from a blood red to a deep purple. Gueneli accounted ___38___ the importance of her findings. She said, “Imagine you could find a fossilized(石化的)dino saur skin that still has ___39___ (it)original color—green or blue. That is ____40____ (actual)the type of discovery that we’ve made.”
三.阅读理解题型专练
You're stuck in a sea of standstill traffic when it begins: hunger pangs, the kind that release a steady stream of fast food fantasizing. With your grumbling stomach growing louder, your options are limited: You can wait a few hours for the roadways to clear or pull a Michael Douglas in the movie Falling Down, leaving your car idling on the freeway while you set off on foot (please don't do this).
Now Burger King, is betting that hungry drivers will welcome a third option: a direct-to-driver; delivery concept the company has labeled the "Traffic, Jam Whoopper."
Reached by email, Gustavo Lauria, co-founder of the advertising agency We Believers, which developed the vehicle delivery concept, said the new approach allows the burger chain to capitalize on a time of day in which the city's terrible traffic typically slows business. "This was an opportunity for Burger King to generate new profits out of those hungry drivers," Lauria added.
Lauria claims Burger King is the first fast food brand to deliver food to people in the middle of a traffic jam. In Mexico City, the company said, delivery drivers are already receiving an average of 7,000 orders per day, mostly to homes and offices. To make the traffic jam delivery process possible. Burger King's Mexico app activities the service after identifying crowded areas in Mexico City during periods of high traffic. Customers can only place an order if the app determines that the driver will be locked in traffic for at least 30 minutes and they are within a 1.8-mile distance of a Burger King restaurant, the company said.
Early on, Lauria wrote, the initiative was met with skepticism. The challenges were complex: making sure real-time geolocation data was accurate enough, and the creation of a hands-free way to take orders on cellphones in a country that has adopted serious punishment for drivers who use cellphones behind the wheel.
Though the company did not offer a timeline, Burger King says it expects to roll out the Traffic Jam Whopper in other overcrowded cities, such as Los Angeles, Sao Paulo and Shanghai.
4．What does the "Traffic Jam Whopper"(paragraph 2) refer to
A．A proposal intended to ease the traffic jam during peak hours.
B．An initiative which allows drivers to have food delivered directly to their cars.
C．A platform which makes it convenient for drivers to order food via cellphones.
D．An association supervising whether drivers are observing traffic rules.
5．Burger King is launching the Traffic Jam Whopper mainly to ________.
A．promote its corporate culture
B．make a shift in its sales pattern
C．achieve an increase in its profit
D．expand its business into more cities
6．What can be inferred from the passage
A．The Traffic Jam Whopper poses a threat to the safety of pedestrians.
B．Drivers will be allowed to type on their cellphones during traffic jams.
C．Technological barriers may block the traffic jam delivery process
D．Drivers can instantly choose to activate Burger King's app.
7．Burger King is ________about the Traffic Jam Whopper.
A．cautious B．ambitious
C．doubtful D．concerned
Our carbon footprint is the estimated amount of carbon dioxide given off as we go about our daily lives. While the global average carbon footprint is about 4 tons per person each year, Americans contribute approximately 20 tons of greenhouse gas per person each pared to other countries, even those who use the least amount of energy in the US still contribute double the carbon emissions than the global average per person. And, not surprisingly, a person's carbon footprint increases in size as his or her income increases.
How is it possible that people in the US who live simple lifestyles, e.g., children or the homeless, make such large contributions to greenhouse gas emissions The answer is simple: Each US citizen has access to various basic government services such as firefighting and police departments, road and bridge repair, libraries, prisons, the military, etc. When these public services are divided equally among the entire US population, it significantly raises the carbon footprint per person.
While it is admirable to make changes in lifestyle to reduce a carbon footprint, in reality, it is very difficult to do. The MIT study revealed that a "rebound effect" occurred when someone made an effort to reduce his carbon footprint. Take the example of a person who made the deliberate choice to buy a hybrid(混合动力的)car instead of a large SUV to save money on gas costs. Very often that person would use the money he saved to do something else, e.g., take a long airplane trip. In this case, just one long airplane trip produces more CO2 emissions than driving the large SUV for a year. This ends up having a negative impact on a person's carbon footprint by making it bigger!
Can Americans reduce their carbon footprints According to the study, it is possible, but it would require lifestyle changes such as giving up long distance travel and buying fewer smartphones and tablets that have large energy cost to produce and deliver. Another way is to add a CO2 tax on food, housing, and transportation. Unless we can find a way to reduce our carbon footprints, the price we may ultimately have to pay is much higher than the amount Americans will ever have to pay in taxes.
8．The first paragraph is intended to ________.
A．show why people in the US should live simple lifestyles
B．argue against the world's misunderstanding of US lifestyles
C．reveal how big the carbon footprints of people in the US are
D．stress the impact of carbon footprints on American people's life
9．Which of the following is an example of the "rebound effect"(paragraph 3)
A．Mary ate a large meal after she had been on diet for a week.
B．Tom bought a hybrid car because it saved him a lot of money.
C．Susan gave up long airplane trips to do her bit for the environment.
D．David had a good knowledge of what harm CO2 emissions would do.
10．Which of the following might be the best title of the passage
A．How Can We Change Our Lifestyles
B．Can We Make Our Footprints Smaller
C．Why Are Our Carbon Footprints Important
D．What Makes Contributions to Greenhouse Gas Emissions
7.【江苏南京六校联合体2023届高三联合调研试题】
Online debates, conducted on virtual platforms on the Internet, have somehow taken over in being beneficial, as compared to real life debates, for many reasons. For example, they favor more in-depth analysis—This one is especially for the main participants in the debate. They put forward their views from a place where they’re comfortably seated. ____36____ That is why online debaters can comprehend and think their competitors’ arguments while they write down their own points of view.
____37____ You don’t need to find a place or arrange for the audience to be seated. The experts and opinion formers don’t need to take an entire day out from their busy schedules to come to the venue and speak. ____38____
Online debates leave a lasting impression. The debates and the comments on them are archived (存档) by the debate website and anyone who wants to get back to the discussion can do so at any time. ____39____ This is because it can all be seen again on the website, including every word, every argument.
Also, if there are some developments on the issue, then a comment on the issue will tell all the participants to get back to the debate. ____40____ It’s like keeping the doors open to people who want to learn more and share.
A. Online debates are much quicker to organize.
B. The ability to comment allows people to share their views.
C. There is no chance of a point discussed slipping from the mind.
D. In other words, the good topics for a debate will never be out of date.
E. On an online debating platform, a citizen shares the space with leading thinkers.
F. Besides, they have time and means to explore further before sharing their thoughts.
G. All that’s needed is a topic and experts who can take out time to write some words on the topic.
完形填空【山东省曲阜市第一中学2022-2023学年高三上学期开学考试】
Several months ago, a tornado fiercely hit our city without any signs before. We hadn’t ____21____ for it in advance, so we were just forced to go into our ____22____ actions. I happened not to be in the classroom when it attacked. Hearing the alarm screaming, I rushed ____23____ as fast as I could back to the classroom.
Never did I imagine that we would put our regular ____24____ to use. Never did I imagine that my students had ____25____against the wall and crouched (蹲) down on their knees. Their eyes were obviously filled with ____26____ as they asked if their parents, pets, and friends would be okay. I, along with other teachers, tried our best to ____27____ them, though we actually didn’t know what the ____28____ would be.
I couldn’t ____29____ the tornado any more. However, I’m very proud of my students who performed so well. In such a ____30____ and dangerous situation, they behaved beyond their ages. Never in my life had I seen them ____31____ instructions so quickly, without any hesitation. Though some tears were dropping and some hearts were beating fast, the kids were incredibly ____32____. I’m extremely proud that they struggled to calm down because of their ____33____ in me.
Because of the tornado, I realized that my job as a teacher meant a lot. Behind every well-behaved students are a long line of teachers who have made it their life’s ____34____ to educate them with safety, courage, calmness and trust. Though the tornado has presented ____35____, I’m sure we can handle them one by one.
21．A．paid B．searched C．accounted D．prepared
22．A．agency B．education C．emergency D．selection
23．A．suddenly B．finally C．secretly D．immediately
24．A．games B．trainings C．languages D．savings
25．A．mixed up B．stood out C．lined up D．spoken out
26．A．panic B．anger C．shame D．puzzle
27．A．encounter B．comfort C．satisfy D．praise
28．A．problem B．result C．success D．reason
29．A．hate B．expect C．see D．approach
30．A．simple B．ideal C．scary D．strange
31．A．follow B．provide C．repeat D．change
32．A．fortunate B．honest C．confident D．brave
33．A．trust B．pride C．interest D．growth
34．A．reward B．power C．wisdom D．goal
35．A．chances B．challenges C．adventures D．Discussions
（2022·广东梅州·二模）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
The term “China-Chic” characterizes the rise of China’s native fashion trends. It has expanded the concept of “Made in China,” ____111____ is usually regarded as the assurance of the quality of products.
In recent years, “Made in China” has ____112____ (increasing) been recognized as the representation of Chinese culture ____113____ (offer) by homegrown Chinese brands, or simply “China -Chic.”
The initial ____114____(adopt) of the term “China -Chic” was similar to “Brit Style,” which represents a unique fashion trend mainly defined by the country’s differentiating cultural ____115____ (element).
Designers in the fashion industry were ____116____ first to feature traditional Chinese patterns and characters, garment textiles and crafting technique in ____117____ (they) newest collections. The eye-catching colors and styles created a visual feast that many have never seen before, quickly ____118____(turn) the collections into best sellers.
Under such influence, young people gradually ____119____ (shift) their attention from pop culture imported from Japan, Korea and the West and started to develop interest _____120_____ traditional Chinese art and literature, practicing Chinese calligraphy and musical instrument, such as Guzheng.
高考英语语法填空考点整理 并列从句和状语从句
一.考点整理
考点一． 并列句总结
一．并列连词及重点句式 常见的并列连词有： 并列连词并列关系或递进关系and, when (那个时候突然), not only ... but also ... neither ... nor ..., both ... and ... 转折或对比关系but, while (而，尽管), yet, not ... but ... 选择关系or, either ... or ..., otherwise, or else (否则，要不然)因果关系for, so
(2)并列句的重点句式 ●祈使句＋and/or＋陈述句。 ●sb was doing sth when .../sb was about to do sth when ... /sb had just done sth when ...
二．主要连词用法归纳
分 类 连词 意义 例句 注意
表 并 列 and 和，又，而 I make the payments and keep the accou- nts.
表 并 列 not only... but also... 不但……而且…… ①Not only is that problem very important，but(also) it is very difficult to be solved. ②Not only you but(also)I am to blame. ③The Great Wall is made not only of bricks and stones but of flesh and blood of the working people. (1)放在句首时，如果连接一个分句，表示强调，这时要用倒装句；若连接两个主语则不用倒装。 (2)连接两个主语，谓语动词的形式采用就近原则。 (3)连接一个句子的相同的句子成分，不能出现交叉现象。
表并列 as well as 也，又 ①A teacher should entert- ain as well as teach. ②Your brother as well as you is very kind to me. ③We should know about why we should do it as well as how to do it in learning. (1)连接两个并列成分作主语时，句子的谓语动词应与前面那个名词或代词在人称和数上保持一致。 (2)与汉语语序不尽相同。它所强调的是前者。
表并列 both... and... 不但……而且……； 既……又 …… Both my brother and my sister ran to help me.
when 就在那时 ①We were about to leave when it began to rain. ②I was wandering through the streets when I caught sight of a tailor’s shop. [] 相当于and then，at that time，just then，一般置于第二个分句句首，第一分句多用过去时、过去进行时。
表转折 but 但是 He is old，but he looks young. but表示转折时，不能与从属连词although/though/as/in spite of/despite(尽管)出现在同一个句子中。
yet 然而 He got up early，(and) yet he failed to catch the early bus.
表转折 however 可是，尽管如此 ①He knew what he want- ed，however, he didn’t know how to get it. ②However，we’ll look into the matter. 可置于句首、句中、句末，常用逗号与分句隔开。它与but最大的区别在于其后有没有逗号，有逗号，用however；没有逗号，就用but。
nevertheless 但是 She was very tired，nevertheless she kept on doing homework.
表因果 so 因此 ①It was rather late，so we decided to go home. ②She coughed badly，(and)so she went to see a doctor. 不能与because，since，as同时用在同一个句子中，so指由很清楚的原因导致的结果。
for 因为，由于 It must have rained last night，for the road is still wet. 并列分句只能放在句末，用逗号隔开，表示推断的理由，是一种补充说明的原因。
表因果 therefore 因此 He broke the law，therefore，he was put into prison. 为正式的书面用语。指通过严密的推理而得出的结果。
thus 因此，所以 She worked hard，thus she passed the exam. 指更严密的推理，也指直接的结果。
表对比 while 而 Some people like hot food，while others like sweet food.
whereas 然而 They want to buy a new house，whereas we would rather live in the old house.
表选择 or, or else, otherwise 或者 ①Hurry up，or/or else/other- wise you will miss the train. ②Do what you’ve been told，otherwise you will be punish- ed. ③I was as busy as a bee，otherwise/or I would have helped you. or常用于“祈使句＋or＋简单句”，这种句型同样适用于or else和other- wise。一般来说，这三个连词可以互换使用。
either...or ... 要么…… 要么…… Either you or he is right. 连接并列主语时，谓语动词的数与最近的主语保持一致。
考点二．状语从句的分类及常用连词
状语从句 时间状语 when, while, as, before, after, once, till, until, since, every time, the moment, hardly ... when
地点状语 where, wherever (无论什么地方，不管哪里)
原因状语 because, since, as, now that (＝since 既然，由于)
目的状语 so that (为了，以便)，in order that, in case (以防万一)
结果状语 so that (结果), so ... that, such ... that (如此……以至于)
条件状语 if, unless (除非，如果不), as long as (只要), so long as (只要), on condition that (条件是), in case (如果，万一)
方式状语 as (像，依照), as if/as though (好像，仿佛)
让步状语 although, though, as (状语或表语要提到as前，作表语的单数可数名词提前时，不用a或an)，even if/even though (即使), whether ... or ... (不管……还是), whoever (＝no matter who), whatever (＝no matter what), whenever (＝no matter when), whichever (＝no matter which)
比较状语 than, as ... as ..., not as ... as ..., not so ... as ..., the same ... as ..., such ... as ..., the more ... the more ...
考点三、状语从句考点总结
序号状语从句专题1Whatever (= No matter what) may happen, we shall not lose hope.疑问词+ever的连接代词，以及相应的no matter+疑问词引导状语从句时，从句不完整。2When ( the museum is) completed，the museum will be open to the public next year.3If (it is) possible, he will help you out of the difficulty. 状语从句的省略：如果从句的主语与主句的主语一致，或主语是it，且从句的谓语又包含动词be，那么从句中的“主语 + be”部分可省略。4It won't be long before we meet again.不久就5Einstein almost knocked me down before he saw me才6We had sailed four days and four nights before we saw land才7Before I could say a word, she had stormed out of the room. 还未来得及before 肯定句(才)；否定句(不久就)。主主将从现，主过从过用before8I went to bed after I have finished my homework 9He has studied very hard since he came to our school. since+时间/一般过去时，主句用现在完成时。10He didn't leave the office until his boss came back11She didn’t stop working until eleven o’clock . = Not until eleven o’clock did she stop working注意：not until放在句首，主句要用部分倒装句12It was not until eleven o’clock that she stopped working注意：此句式是not…until 的强调句型13I had hardly got home when it began to rain. =Hardly had I got home when it began to rain.14No sooner had we got to the station than the train left.主句为过去完成时，从句为过去时，如hardly或no sooner位于句首时主句的谓语要用部分倒装。15I was walking along the street when suddenly someone patted me on the shoulder from behind.16I was about to leave when It began to rain17I had just finished my exam paper when the bell rangbe about to do…when=be on the point of doing…when… 正要做…这时突然be doing…when…正在做…这时突然had just done …when 刚做完…这时突然18注意区分where引导的定语从句与状语从句：
You’d better make a mark where you have any questions（状语从句）
You’d better make a mark at the place where you have any questions．(定语从句)19Now that/Since everybody is here，let’s begin our meeting.20He doesn’t know about it，for he didn’t see the film. 21Mike is so honest a worker that we all believe him
It is such fine weather that we all want to go to the park22You will miss the bus unless you hurry up.23One can’t learn a foreign language unless he studies hard.24You may use my dictionary as [so] long as you don't keep it too long. 25He woke up as suddenly as he had fallen asleep.(第一个as是副词)26I have never seen so much rain as fell that February. (否定结构常用so…as, 也可用as...as)27The more exercise you take, the stronger you will be.as引导的从句28As I waited at the stop， I heard a big noise.当……的时候29As she was not well, I went there alone. “因为”、“由于”30Hard as it was raining， they went on working in the field. 虽然……但是…31You should do as the teacher tells you.按照”、“依照32I hope the necklace was as good as the one you lent me.像……一样33As we know, China is becoming more and more powerful in the world.正如、正像形容词/分词/副词/动词原形/名词（无冠词）+as/though+主语+谓语……while引导的从句34Some people waste food while others haven't enough. 然而35While there is life there is hope.只要36While there was no conclusive evidence, most people thought he was guilty. 虽然…但是…37While he is speaking, he does a lot of gestures当...的时候since引导的从句38Things have changed a lot since I wrote to you last time.自从39I'll do it for you since you are busy.既然40No matter how busy you are, he always insists on coming with you. 41He bought fewer books than I (did).他买的书比我买的少。42Once you start, you will never give up.一旦……就……43Once he lived in America, but now he lives in England.曾经;一度;从前
二.语法填空专练
Experts say a recent change in the color of the Mekong River—from yellowish-brown to sky-blue-could be a worrying sign. They say the change suggests a possible problem ___21___ (cause)by dams that have been built along the Mekong. The river covers ___22___ distance of 4, 300 kilometers. It begins high in the mountains of Tibet and flows through China and five other countries.
The Mekong usually has a yellowish-brown color ___23___ results from the sediment(沉淀物)it normally carries. But recent ___24___ (report)say it has been running clear and taking on a bluish-green color. At the same time, the water levels ___25___ (become)unusually low, creating sandbanks that enable people ___26___ (stand)in the middle of the river. The low water levels ___27___ (clear)cause problems for fishermen and farmers. But experts in Thailand say the decrease in sediment ___28___ (represent)a different threat, one that can result in a greater erosion of the sides and bottom of the river.
Experts and people living along the river blame the changes ___29___ . a large dam upriver in Laos. The dam began operating in October. Critics say it is blocking much sediment from flowing down the river. About 70 million people depend on the Mekong River for water, food, jobs, agriculture and transportation. Critics say several large dam projects along the Mekong are harming the river and ____30____ (it)environment.
Most of us think that the world’s oldest color is black or dark grey. However, scientists have discovered that bright pink is the oldest ___31___ (know)color. They looked at 1. 1-billion-year-old rocks deep beneath the Sahara Desert. ___32___ (make)powder from the rocks, then they found a bright pink color. Dr Nur Gueneli ___33___ came from the Australian National University led the research. She said it ___34___ (produce)by ancient organisms that lived in old oceans. At that time, tiny organisms were ___35___ largest life forms on the earth.
Dr Gueneli said her first ___36___ (react)was complete amazement. She said her team thought the rock powder might turn black in their experiments. Instead, it turned pink. Another researcher said, “Dr Gueneli came into my office and ___37___ (show)this bright pink material, saying, ‘Look at this. It turned out to be a real color, 1. 1 billion years old.’” The rocks could contain other colors, from a blood red to a deep purple. Gueneli accounted ___38___ the importance of her findings. She said, “Imagine you could find a fossilized(石化的)dino saur skin that still has ___39___ (it)original color—green or blue. That is ____40____ (actual)the type of discovery that we’ve made.”
三.阅读理解题型专练
You're stuck in a sea of standstill traffic when it begins: hunger pangs, the kind that release a steady stream of fast food fantasizing. With your grumbling stomach growing louder, your options are limited: You can wait a few hours for the roadways to clear or pull a Michael Douglas in the movie Falling Down, leaving your car idling on the freeway while you set off on foot (please don't do this).
Now Burger King, is betting that hungry drivers will welcome a third option: a direct-to-driver; delivery concept the company has labeled the "Traffic, Jam Whoopper."
Reached by email, Gustavo Lauria, co-founder of the advertising agency We Believers, which developed the vehicle delivery concept, said the new approach allows the burger chain to capitalize on a time of day in which the city's terrible traffic typically slows business. "This was an opportunity for Burger King to generate new profits out of those hungry drivers," Lauria added.
Lauria claims Burger King is the first fast food brand to deliver food to people in the middle of a traffic jam. In Mexico City, the company said, delivery drivers are already receiving an average of 7,000 orders per day, mostly to homes and offices. To make the traffic jam delivery process possible. Burger King's Mexico app activities the service after identifying crowded areas in Mexico City during periods of high traffic. Customers can only place an order if the app determines that the driver will be locked in traffic for at least 30 minutes and they are within a 1.8-mile distance of a Burger King restaurant, the company said.
Early on, Lauria wrote, the initiative was met with skepticism. The challenges were complex: making sure real-time geolocation data was accurate enough, and the creation of a hands-free way to take orders on cellphones in a country that has adopted serious punishment for drivers who use cellphones behind the wheel.
Though the company did not offer a timeline, Burger King says it expects to roll out the Traffic Jam Whopper in other overcrowded cities, such as Los Angeles, Sao Paulo and Shanghai.
4．What does the "Traffic Jam Whopper"(paragraph 2) refer to
A．A proposal intended to ease the traffic jam during peak hours.
B．An initiative which allows drivers to have food delivered directly to their cars.
C．A platform which makes it convenient for drivers to order food via cellphones.
D．An association supervising whether drivers are observing traffic rules.
5．Burger King is launching the Traffic Jam Whopper mainly to ________.
A．promote its corporate culture
B．make a shift in its sales pattern
C．achieve an increase in its profit
D．expand its business into more cities
6．What can be inferred from the passage
A．The Traffic Jam Whopper poses a threat to the safety of pedestrians.
B．Drivers will be allowed to type on their cellphones during traffic jams.
C．Technological barriers may block the traffic jam delivery process
D．Drivers can instantly choose to activate Burger King's app.
7．Burger King is ________about the Traffic Jam Whopper.
A．cautious B．ambitious
C．doubtful D．concerned
Our carbon footprint is the estimated amount of carbon dioxide given off as we go about our daily lives. While the global average carbon footprint is about 4 tons per person each year, Americans contribute approximately 20 tons of greenhouse gas per person each pared to other countries, even those who use the least amount of energy in the US still contribute double the carbon emissions than the global average per person. And, not surprisingly, a person's carbon footprint increases in size as his or her income increases.
How is it possible that people in the US who live simple lifestyles, e.g., children or the homeless, make such large contributions to greenhouse gas emissions The answer is simple: Each US citizen has access to various basic government services such as firefighting and police departments, road and bridge repair, libraries, prisons, the military, etc. When these public services are divided equally among the entire US population, it significantly raises the carbon footprint per person.
While it is admirable to make changes in lifestyle to reduce a carbon footprint, in reality, it is very difficult to do. The MIT study revealed that a "rebound effect" occurred when someone made an effort to reduce his carbon footprint. Take the example of a person who made the deliberate choice to buy a hybrid(混合动力的)car instead of a large SUV to save money on gas costs. Very often that person would use the money he saved to do something else, e.g., take a long airplane trip. In this case, just one long airplane trip produces more CO2 emissions than driving the large SUV for a year. This ends up having a negative impact on a person's carbon footprint by making it bigger!
Can Americans reduce their carbon footprints According to the study, it is possible, but it would require lifestyle changes such as giving up long distance travel and buying fewer smartphones and tablets that have large energy cost to produce and deliver. Another way is to add a CO2 tax on food, housing, and transportation. Unless we can find a way to reduce our carbon footprints, the price we may ultimately have to pay is much higher than the amount Americans will ever have to pay in taxes.
8．The first paragraph is intended to ________.
A．show why people in the US should live simple lifestyles
B．argue against the world's misunderstanding of US lifestyles
C．reveal how big the carbon footprints of people in the US are
D．stress the impact of carbon footprints on American people's life
9．Which of the following is an example of the "rebound effect"(paragraph 3)
A．Mary ate a large meal after she had been on diet for a week.
B．Tom bought a hybrid car because it saved him a lot of money.
C．Susan gave up long airplane trips to do her bit for the environment.
D．David had a good knowledge of what harm CO2 emissions would do.
10．Which of the following might be the best title of the passage
A．How Can We Change Our Lifestyles
B．Can We Make Our Footprints Smaller
C．Why Are Our Carbon Footprints Important
D．What Makes Contributions to Greenhouse Gas Emissions
7.【江苏南京六校联合体2023届高三联合调研试题】
Online debates, conducted on virtual platforms on the Internet, have somehow taken over in being beneficial, as compared to real life debates, for many reasons. For example, they favor more in-depth analysis—This one is especially for the main participants in the debate. They put forward their views from a place where they’re comfortably seated. ____36____ That is why online debaters can comprehend and think their competitors’ arguments while they write down their own points of view.
____37____ You don’t need to find a place or arrange for the audience to be seated. The experts and opinion formers don’t need to take an entire day out from their busy schedules to come to the venue and speak. ____38____
Online debates leave a lasting impression. The debates and the comments on them are archived (存档) by the debate website and anyone who wants to get back to the discussion can do so at any time. ____39____ This is because it can all be seen again on the website, including every word, every argument.
Also, if there are some developments on the issue, then a comment on the issue will tell all the participants to get back to the debate. ____40____ It’s like keeping the doors open to people who want to learn more and share.
A. Online debates are much quicker to organize.
B. The ability to comment allows people to share their views.
C. There is no chance of a point discussed slipping from the mind.
D. In other words, the good topics for a debate will never be out of date.
E. On an online debating platform, a citizen shares the space with leading thinkers.
F. Besides, they have time and means to explore further before sharing their thoughts.
G. All that’s needed is a topic and experts who can take out time to write some words on the topic.
完形填空【山东省曲阜市第一中学2022-2023学年高三上学期开学考试】
Several months ago, a tornado fiercely hit our city without any signs before. We hadn’t ____21____ for it in advance, so we were just forced to go into our ____22____ actions. I happened not to be in the classroom when it attacked. Hearing the alarm screaming, I rushed ____23____ as fast as I could back to the classroom.
Never did I imagine that we would put our regular ____24____ to use. Never did I imagine that my students had ____25____against the wall and crouched (蹲) down on their knees. Their eyes were obviously filled with ____26____ as they asked if their parents, pets, and friends would be okay. I, along with other teachers, tried our best to ____27____ them, though we actually didn’t know what the ____28____ would be.
I couldn’t ____29____ the tornado any more. However, I’m very proud of my students who performed so well. In such a ____30____ and dangerous situation, they behaved beyond their ages. Never in my life had I seen them ____31____ instructions so quickly, without any hesitation. Though some tears were dropping and some hearts were beating fast, the kids were incredibly ____32____. I’m extremely proud that they struggled to calm down because of their ____33____ in me.
Because of the tornado, I realized that my job as a teacher meant a lot. Behind every well-behaved students are a long line of teachers who have made it their life’s ____34____ to educate them with safety, courage, calmness and trust. Though the tornado has presented ____35____, I’m sure we can handle them one by one.
21．A．paid B．searched C．accounted D．prepared
22．A．agency B．education C．emergency D．selection
23．A．suddenly B．finally C．secretly D．immediately
24．A．games B．trainings C．languages D．savings
25．A．mixed up B．stood out C．lined up D．spoken out
26．A．panic B．anger C．shame D．puzzle
27．A．encounter B．comfort C．satisfy D．praise
28．A．problem B．result C．success D．reason
29．A．hate B．expect C．see D．approach
30．A．simple B．ideal C．scary D．strange
31．A．follow B．provide C．repeat D．change
32．A．fortunate B．honest C．confident D．brave
33．A．trust B．pride C．interest D．growth
34．A．reward B．power C．wisdom D．goal
35．A．chances B．challenges C．adventures D．Discussions
（2022·广东梅州·二模）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
The term “China-Chic” characterizes the rise of China’s native fashion trends. It has expanded the concept of “Made in China,” ____111____ is usually regarded as the assurance of the quality of products.
In recent years, “Made in China” has ____112____ (increasing) been recognized as the representation of Chinese culture ____113____ (offer) by homegrown Chinese brands, or simply “China -Chic.”
The initial ____114____(adopt) of the term “China -Chic” was similar to “Brit Style,” which represents a unique fashion trend mainly defined by the country’s differentiating cultural ____115____ (element).
Designers in the fashion industry were ____116____ first to feature traditional Chinese patterns and characters, garment textiles and crafting technique in ____117____ (they) newest collections. The eye-catching colors and styles created a visual feast that many have never seen before, quickly ____118____(turn) the collections into best sellers.
Under such influence, young people gradually ____119____ (shift) their attention from pop culture imported from Japan, Korea and the West and started to develop interest _____120_____ traditional Chinese art and literature, practicing Chinese calligraphy and musical instrument, such as Guzheng.