高考英语语法填空考点整理学案 11 特殊句式（无答案）
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中小学教育资源及组卷应用平台
高考英语语法填空考点整理 特殊句式
一.考点整理
考点一． 强调句
1．强调句型基本结构及注意事项 强调句型基本结构为“It＋is/was＋被强调部分＋that/who＋句子其他部分”，在理解强调句时，要注意以下几点： (1)强调句型可强调的句子成分通常为主语、状语、宾语等，不能用来强调谓语动词(如强调谓语动词，常借助于do/does/did)、表语(主语补语)、让步状语、条件状语等。连接词一般用that，如被强调的部分指人时，可用who/that，其他一律用that。 (2)判断是否是强调句，就是看把句子中的“It is/was和that/who”去掉之后，句子是否成立。若句子依然成立，则是强调句，否则就不是强调句。 (3)强调句的一般疑问句结构：Is/Was＋it＋被强调部分＋that/who＋其他部分？ (4)强调句的特殊疑问句结构：特殊疑问词＋is/was＋it＋that/who＋其他部分？ (5)not ... until ...的强调句型：It is/was not until＋被强调部分＋that/who＋其他部分。 It is not how much we do but how much love we put into what we do that benefits our work most. Was it in 1939 that the Second World War broke out When was it that you called me yesterday 2．强调句型与结构相似的主从复合句的区别 (1)与含主语从句的主从复合句的区别 It is true that they are going to visit the Great Wall next month.（it形式主语；that引导的是主语从句） It is the Great Wall that they are going to visit.（强调句） (2)与含定语从句的主从复合句的区别 It is a question that needs careful consideration.定语从句 It is novels that William enjoys reading.强调句 (3)与含状语从句的主从复合句的区别 ①与“It is/was＋时间名词＋when ...”的区别 “It is/was＋时间名词＋when ...”句型中，it指时间，when引导的是时间状语从句。时间名词前无介词。 It was 6 o'clock when I got up today. when引导时间状语从句 It was at 6 o'clock that I got up today. 强调句型 ②与“It is/was＋时间段＋since ...”的区别 “It is/was＋时间段＋since ...”句型中，since引导时间状语从句。若since和延续性动词连用，该句型的意思是“……不做某事已有……时间了”；若since和短暂性动词连用，该句型的意思是“……做某事已有……时间了”。since引导的从句常用一般过去时。 It is two years since I taught English.我不教英语两年了。 It is two years since I began to teach English.我教英语已经两年了。 It is two hours that he spends on English every day.他每天花两个小时学英语。 前两个句子是“It is＋时间段＋since ...”句型，since引导时间状语从句。第三个句子是强调句，强调的是宾语tow hours。 ③与“It was/will be＋时间段＋before ...”的区别 It was/will be＋时间段＋before ...”句型中，it指时间，before引导时间状语从句。 It was two years before he came back from abroad.过了两年他才回国。before引导的是时间状语从句 It was two years later that he came back from abroad.他是两年后回国的。强调句
考点二．倒装句
1．完全倒装 当作状语的here, there, now, then, down, up, out, off等表示地点、时间或方位的副词或表示地点的介词短语in the room, on the way等置于句首且主语为名词时，句子要完全倒装。但当主语是代词时，主谓不倒装。 John opened the door. There stood a girl he had never seen before. South of the river lies a small factory. 2．部分倒装 (1)only修饰副词、介词短语或状语从句置于句首时，主句要用部分倒装。 Only in this way can we learn English well. (2)否定副词never, nor, not, hardly, little, seldom, scarcely, rarely等及表否定意义的介词短语at no time, under/in no circumstances, in no case, by no means, on no condition等置于句首时要部分倒装。 Never before have I seen such a moving film. (3)表示前面所说的情况也适用于后者时，用部分倒装结构so/neither/nor＋助动词/系动词/情态动词＋主语。 They love having lots of friends; so do those with disabilities. (4)So＋adj./adv. ... that .../Such＋(a/an)＋adj.＋n. ...＋that ... “如此……以至于……”。 So cold was the weather that we had to stay at home. (5)Not only ... but also ... “不仅……而且……”，Not only后是主谓倒装，but also后是正常语序。 Not only will help be given to people to find jobs, but medical treatment will be provided for people who need it. (6)在as/though引导的让步状语从句中，从句的表语/状语/动词位于句首，构成部分倒装结构。如果位于句首的是单数可数名词，其前不加冠词。 Child as he is, he knows a lot about the history of China. (7)在非真实条件句中，条件句中的if省略时，助动词had, were, should常提到主语前面，构成部分倒装。 Were I a teacher, I would be strict with my students. ＝If I were a teacher, I would be strict with my students.
考点三、省略句
1．状语从句中的省略 由when, while, as, until, once, where, if, unless, as if, although/though, whether等引导的时间、地点、条件、方式或让步等状语从句中，如果从句的谓语含有be动词，且从句的主语是it或主从句的主语相同时，此时可省略从句的主语和be动词。 The experiment shows that proper amounts of exercise, if carried out regularly, can improve our health. 2．whatever和however引导的让步状语从句可省去连系动词 如：Amy pledged to complete her father's unfinished task, whatever the cost (was). He refuses, however favourable the conditions (are). 3．动词不定式的省略 (1)在动词不定式结构中，为避免重复，常常省略不定式结构中的动词原形，只保留to。 —Would you like to go with us —I'm glad to, but I have to finish my homework. (2)tell, warn, order, advise, ask等动词的宾语后接动词不定式作宾语补足语时，可以省略to后的动词原形。 The boy wanted to play football in the street, but his mother told him not to. 4．用so或not等替代上文内容的省略 当由I'm afraid, I think, I believe, I hope, I guess等作答语时，后面的so与not分别表示肯定和否定，宾语从句可省略。 Maybe I will be proven wrong, but I hope not. 5．常用的省略结构 if ever 如果有过的话 if busy 如果忙的话 if anything 如果有一些的话 if possible 如果可能的话 if so 如果那样的话 if not 如果不的话
考点四、there be 句型
1．there be句型中的be可以有不同的时态，可以和助动词或情态动词连用。 There have been many great changes in our country since then. 2．there be句型的衍生结构be可以用seem to be, appear to be, happen to be, used to be, have to be, remain, lie等替换。 There seems to be an announcement about the project. There remains some confusion about the nature of online teaching. 3．there be句型的主谓一致，如果主语由两个或两个以上的名词或代词构成，谓语动词be应和离它最近的主语保持一致。 There is a knife and two pens in his pocket. 4．there be句型的常用结构 there is no doubt that ... “毫无疑问……” there is no need to do ... “没有必要做……” there is no denying that ... “不可否认……” there is no point/sense in doing sth “做某事没有意义” there is (no) difficulty in doing sth “做某事(没)有困难” there is (no) possibility of (doing) sth/that ... “(做)某事(没)有可能性” 5．there be句型的非限定形式(there being和there to be) (1)there being是一个独立主格结构，可在句中作状语，表原因。 There being no evidence against him, Frank is unlikely to be convicted. (＝Because there is no evidence against him ...) Judging from there being no much furniture in the house, we know that they are very poor. (2)there to be可以用作动词的宾语，表示一种愿望，但目前还没实现。 I expect there to be no argument about this.
考点五、祈使句
祈使句表示请求、命令、建议等，谓语动词一律用原形。句子通常不用主语，句末用惊叹号或句号，读时用降调。 1．祈使句的基本用法 祈使句的肯定表达一般以动词原形开头，而否定表达一般以Don't开头，需要注意的是，表示禁止时，尤其是标语等也可用“No＋动名词”来表示。 (1)一般直接以动词原形开头。 Stand up. 起立。 Be careful! 小心！ Don't park here. ＝No parking. 禁止停车。 (2)有时，为了加强语气，可以在动词之前加do。 Do study hard. 一定要努力学习。 (3)用客气的语气时，可在句首或句尾加please，如在句末加，则please前一定要加逗号。 Go this way, please. 请这边走。 (4)祈使句中如果有唤语，一定要用逗号隔开，放在句首或句末。 Li Ming, come here. ＝Come here, Li Ming.李明，过来。 2．必须要掌握的高考中祈使句的固定句式：祈使句＋and/or＋陈述句 Study hard, and you'll make great progress.努力学习，你就会取得很大地进步。 Follow your doctor's advice, or your cough will get worse. 听从医生的建议，否则你的咳嗽会更严重。 注意：对于此句式，用and还是or取决于句意。高考中，命题者一般会进行两方面的干扰设置，一是用but, while, yet等词，二是句首用不定式或现在分词等。
二.语法填空专练
August 3rd is Watermelon Day, an annual holiday that celebrates everyone’s favorite summer fruit. ____41____ (make) of almost 92% water, the fruit is full of vitamin A and vitamin C and antioxidants (抗氧化剂). So what are you waiting for Get yourself a few slices of watermelon ____42____ (celebrate) this delicious holiday.
Watermelon is an ancient food that ____43____ (believe) to have originated in Africa. Historians have found evidence of watermelon planting as far back as 4,000 years ago. Today, ____44____ (variety) of the fruit are grown in warm parts of the world.
Because of ____45____ (it) high water content, watermelon is a kind of thirst -quenching (解渴的) fruit. In fact, in the Kalahari Desert, ____46____ watermelon is called “tsamma”, it is one of the main sources of water during the dry, hot season. In the past, people ____47____ (go) across the desert only during a good tsamma season.
Some studies have shown that the antioxidants in watermelon can reduce the risk of some types of cancer. Moreover, all parts of the fruit are eatable. Its flesh can be eaten ____48____ (direct) or juiced. In many parts of the world, ____49____ thick green outer covering of the fruit serves ____50____ a dish, and its seeds are dried, roasted and enjoyed like nuts.
Nowadays many people like making bread at home. Thousands of years before the coming of agriculture, people were already making bread. That’s the surprising ___51___ (conclude) of a new study based on a curious find in northeastern Jordan.
At its most basic, bread is the combination of ___52___ (process) grains and water that have been baked, fried or steamed. The process leaves behind chemical and structural qualities that researchers can use to identify the principal food. And that’s just ___53___ archaeologists found when they investigated a 14,000-year-old site known as Shubayqa 1 in Jordan’s Black Desert. The inhabitants, who ___54___ (be) hunter-gatherers, left their home ___55___ a hurry, with the contents of their most recent meal still smoldering (焖) in two sunken fireplaces.
With ___56___ help of a scanning electron microscope, which uses electrons to return incredibly complicated zoomed-in images, the researchers ___57___ (identify) 24 pieces of char (炭) that were decidedly breadlike. Though the bread’s exact grain remains unknown, ___58___ (it) structure resembles grain species.
The find is the ___59___ (old) example of bread yet discovered and predates (先于) the arrival of agriculture in the region by some 4,000 years. The discovery, which could help researchers better understand how ancient cultures met their nutritional needs, suggests knowing how ____60____ (grow) grains isn’t essential to making bread from them.
三.阅读理解题型专练
高考英语语法填空考点整理 特殊句式
一.考点整理
考点一． 强调句
1．强调句型基本结构及注意事项 强调句型基本结构为“It＋is/was＋被强调部分＋that/who＋句子其他部分”，在理解强调句时，要注意以下几点： (1)强调句型可强调的句子成分通常为主语、状语、宾语等，不能用来强调谓语动词(如强调谓语动词，常借助于do/does/did)、表语(主语补语)、让步状语、条件状语等。连接词一般用that，如被强调的部分指人时，可用who/that，其他一律用that。 (2)判断是否是强调句，就是看把句子中的“It is/was和that/who”去掉之后，句子是否成立。若句子依然成立，则是强调句，否则就不是强调句。 (3)强调句的一般疑问句结构：Is/Was＋it＋被强调部分＋that/who＋其他部分？ (4)强调句的特殊疑问句结构：特殊疑问词＋is/was＋it＋that/who＋其他部分？ (5)not ... until ...的强调句型：It is/was not until＋被强调部分＋that/who＋其他部分。 It is not how much we do but how much love we put into what we do that benefits our work most. Was it in 1939 that the Second World War broke out When was it that you called me yesterday 2．强调句型与结构相似的主从复合句的区别 (1)与含主语从句的主从复合句的区别 It is true that they are going to visit the Great Wall next month.（it形式主语；that引导的是主语从句） It is the Great Wall that they are going to visit.（强调句） (2)与含定语从句的主从复合句的区别 It is a question that needs careful consideration.定语从句 It is novels that William enjoys reading.强调句 (3)与含状语从句的主从复合句的区别 ①与“It is/was＋时间名词＋when ...”的区别 “It is/was＋时间名词＋when ...”句型中，it指时间，when引导的是时间状语从句。时间名词前无介词。 It was 6 o'clock when I got up today. when引导时间状语从句 It was at 6 o'clock that I got up today. 强调句型 ②与“It is/was＋时间段＋since ...”的区别 “It is/was＋时间段＋since ...”句型中，since引导时间状语从句。若since和延续性动词连用，该句型的意思是“……不做某事已有……时间了”；若since和短暂性动词连用，该句型的意思是“……做某事已有……时间了”。since引导的从句常用一般过去时。 It is two years since I taught English.我不教英语两年了。 It is two years since I began to teach English.我教英语已经两年了。 It is two hours that he spends on English every day.他每天花两个小时学英语。 前两个句子是“It is＋时间段＋since ...”句型，since引导时间状语从句。第三个句子是强调句，强调的是宾语tow hours。 ③与“It was/will be＋时间段＋before ...”的区别 It was/will be＋时间段＋before ...”句型中，it指时间，before引导时间状语从句。 It was two years before he came back from abroad.过了两年他才回国。before引导的是时间状语从句 It was two years later that he came back from abroad.他是两年后回国的。强调句
考点二．倒装句
1．完全倒装 当作状语的here, there, now, then, down, up, out, off等表示地点、时间或方位的副词或表示地点的介词短语in the room, on the way等置于句首且主语为名词时，句子要完全倒装。但当主语是代词时，主谓不倒装。 John opened the door. There stood a girl he had never seen before. South of the river lies a small factory. 2．部分倒装 (1)only修饰副词、介词短语或状语从句置于句首时，主句要用部分倒装。 Only in this way can we learn English well. (2)否定副词never, nor, not, hardly, little, seldom, scarcely, rarely等及表否定意义的介词短语at no time, under/in no circumstances, in no case, by no means, on no condition等置于句首时要部分倒装。 Never before have I seen such a moving film. (3)表示前面所说的情况也适用于后者时，用部分倒装结构so/neither/nor＋助动词/系动词/情态动词＋主语。 They love having lots of friends; so do those with disabilities. (4)So＋adj./adv. ... that .../Such＋(a/an)＋adj.＋n. ...＋that ... “如此……以至于……”。 So cold was the weather that we had to stay at home. (5)Not only ... but also ... “不仅……而且……”，Not only后是主谓倒装，but also后是正常语序。 Not only will help be given to people to find jobs, but medical treatment will be provided for people who need it. (6)在as/though引导的让步状语从句中，从句的表语/状语/动词位于句首，构成部分倒装结构。如果位于句首的是单数可数名词，其前不加冠词。 Child as he is, he knows a lot about the history of China. (7)在非真实条件句中，条件句中的if省略时，助动词had, were, should常提到主语前面，构成部分倒装。 Were I a teacher, I would be strict with my students. ＝If I were a teacher, I would be strict with my students.
考点三、省略句
1．状语从句中的省略 由when, while, as, until, once, where, if, unless, as if, although/though, whether等引导的时间、地点、条件、方式或让步等状语从句中，如果从句的谓语含有be动词，且从句的主语是it或主从句的主语相同时，此时可省略从句的主语和be动词。 The experiment shows that proper amounts of exercise, if carried out regularly, can improve our health. 2．whatever和however引导的让步状语从句可省去连系动词 如：Amy pledged to complete her father's unfinished task, whatever the cost (was). He refuses, however favourable the conditions (are). 3．动词不定式的省略 (1)在动词不定式结构中，为避免重复，常常省略不定式结构中的动词原形，只保留to。 —Would you like to go with us —I'm glad to, but I have to finish my homework. (2)tell, warn, order, advise, ask等动词的宾语后接动词不定式作宾语补足语时，可以省略to后的动词原形。 The boy wanted to play football in the street, but his mother told him not to. 4．用so或not等替代上文内容的省略 当由I'm afraid, I think, I believe, I hope, I guess等作答语时，后面的so与not分别表示肯定和否定，宾语从句可省略。 Maybe I will be proven wrong, but I hope not. 5．常用的省略结构 if ever 如果有过的话 if busy 如果忙的话 if anything 如果有一些的话 if possible 如果可能的话 if so 如果那样的话 if not 如果不的话
考点四、there be 句型
1．there be句型中的be可以有不同的时态，可以和助动词或情态动词连用。 There have been many great changes in our country since then. 2．there be句型的衍生结构be可以用seem to be, appear to be, happen to be, used to be, have to be, remain, lie等替换。 There seems to be an announcement about the project. There remains some confusion about the nature of online teaching. 3．there be句型的主谓一致，如果主语由两个或两个以上的名词或代词构成，谓语动词be应和离它最近的主语保持一致。 There is a knife and two pens in his pocket. 4．there be句型的常用结构 there is no doubt that ... “毫无疑问……” there is no need to do ... “没有必要做……” there is no denying that ... “不可否认……” there is no point/sense in doing sth “做某事没有意义” there is (no) difficulty in doing sth “做某事(没)有困难” there is (no) possibility of (doing) sth/that ... “(做)某事(没)有可能性” 5．there be句型的非限定形式(there being和there to be) (1)there being是一个独立主格结构，可在句中作状语，表原因。 There being no evidence against him, Frank is unlikely to be convicted. (＝Because there is no evidence against him ...) Judging from there being no much furniture in the house, we know that they are very poor. (2)there to be可以用作动词的宾语，表示一种愿望，但目前还没实现。 I expect there to be no argument about this.
考点五、祈使句
祈使句表示请求、命令、建议等，谓语动词一律用原形。句子通常不用主语，句末用惊叹号或句号，读时用降调。 1．祈使句的基本用法 祈使句的肯定表达一般以动词原形开头，而否定表达一般以Don't开头，需要注意的是，表示禁止时，尤其是标语等也可用“No＋动名词”来表示。 (1)一般直接以动词原形开头。 Stand up. 起立。 Be careful! 小心！ Don't park here. ＝No parking. 禁止停车。 (2)有时，为了加强语气，可以在动词之前加do。 Do study hard. 一定要努力学习。 (3)用客气的语气时，可在句首或句尾加please，如在句末加，则please前一定要加逗号。 Go this way, please. 请这边走。 (4)祈使句中如果有唤语，一定要用逗号隔开，放在句首或句末。 Li Ming, come here. ＝Come here, Li Ming.李明，过来。 2．必须要掌握的高考中祈使句的固定句式：祈使句＋and/or＋陈述句 Study hard, and you'll make great progress.努力学习，你就会取得很大地进步。 Follow your doctor's advice, or your cough will get worse. 听从医生的建议，否则你的咳嗽会更严重。 注意：对于此句式，用and还是or取决于句意。高考中，命题者一般会进行两方面的干扰设置，一是用but, while, yet等词，二是句首用不定式或现在分词等。
二.语法填空专练
August 3rd is Watermelon Day, an annual holiday that celebrates everyone’s favorite summer fruit. ____41____ (make) of almost 92% water, the fruit is full of vitamin A and vitamin C and antioxidants (抗氧化剂). So what are you waiting for Get yourself a few slices of watermelon ____42____ (celebrate) this delicious holiday.
Watermelon is an ancient food that ____43____ (believe) to have originated in Africa. Historians have found evidence of watermelon planting as far back as 4,000 years ago. Today, ____44____ (variety) of the fruit are grown in warm parts of the world.
Because of ____45____ (it) high water content, watermelon is a kind of thirst -quenching (解渴的) fruit. In fact, in the Kalahari Desert, ____46____ watermelon is called “tsamma”, it is one of the main sources of water during the dry, hot season. In the past, people ____47____ (go) across the desert only during a good tsamma season.
Some studies have shown that the antioxidants in watermelon can reduce the risk of some types of cancer. Moreover, all parts of the fruit are eatable. Its flesh can be eaten ____48____ (direct) or juiced. In many parts of the world, ____49____ thick green outer covering of the fruit serves ____50____ a dish, and its seeds are dried, roasted and enjoyed like nuts.
Nowadays many people like making bread at home. Thousands of years before the coming of agriculture, people were already making bread. That’s the surprising ___51___ (conclude) of a new study based on a curious find in northeastern Jordan.
At its most basic, bread is the combination of ___52___ (process) grains and water that have been baked, fried or steamed. The process leaves behind chemical and structural qualities that researchers can use to identify the principal food. And that’s just ___53___ archaeologists found when they investigated a 14,000-year-old site known as Shubayqa 1 in Jordan’s Black Desert. The inhabitants, who ___54___ (be) hunter-gatherers, left their home ___55___ a hurry, with the contents of their most recent meal still smoldering (焖) in two sunken fireplaces.
With ___56___ help of a scanning electron microscope, which uses electrons to return incredibly complicated zoomed-in images, the researchers ___57___ (identify) 24 pieces of char (炭) that were decidedly breadlike. Though the bread’s exact grain remains unknown, ___58___ (it) structure resembles grain species.
The find is the ___59___ (old) example of bread yet discovered and predates (先于) the arrival of agriculture in the region by some 4,000 years. The discovery, which could help researchers better understand how ancient cultures met their nutritional needs, suggests knowing how ____60____ (grow) grains isn’t essential to making bread from them.
三.阅读理解题型专练