Unit 5 单元话题语法填空专项练习
(2022·广西钦州·高二期末)阅读下面短文,在空白处填入 1 个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
The book The Secret Garden, ____1____(publish) in 1911, inspires people to plant flowers. But before that,
only a few people had enough money ____2____(have) gardens. Many houses have been built ____3____gardens
and many British people are proud of their “green fingers”. In spring children like to find the____4____(tall)
sunflowers. Some people spend much time ____5____(grow) their vegetables for competitions. While many
British like spending their Sunday cutting the grass, some are happy just to sit under the branches of the trees and
enjoy the beauty around them. However, the space on ____6____to grow things is limited so people have begun
to look for new____7____(solve). Many people are waiting for rental land while some use their rooftops as
____8____private garden. These gardens ____9____(improve) the air quality and people’s living conditions since
then. Just as the line from The Secret Garden, not only does gardening do good to the environment, it also brings
benefits to the soul, _____10_____(allow) you to be at one with nature and create beauty. Take a moment to
reflect on this line: “Where you tend a rose...A thistle cannot grow.”
(2022·陕西·铜川市第一中学高二期末)阅读下面短文,在空白处填入 1 个适当的单词或括号内单词的正
确形式。
New research has found that fruit and vegetable consumption and exercise can increase levels ____11____
happiness.
While ____12____ link between lifestyle and well-being has been ____13____ (previous) documented and
often used in public health campaigns to encourage healthier diets and exercise, new findings show that there is
also positive causation(因果关系) from lifestyle to life satisfaction.
Findings show that the ability of individuals to delay satisfaction and apply self-control plays a major role in
influencing lifestyle decisions, ____14____ in turn have a positive impact on well-being.
With it being well known that lifestyle diseases ____15____ (be) a leading cause of ill health and mortality
(死亡率) worldwide, these findings could have significant implications for public-health-policy makers.
Dr. Gschwandtner from the University of Kent said, “Behaviors that enable the planning-self____16____
(strengthen) long-term goals are likely to be especially helpful in maintaining a healthy lifestyle. If a better
lifestyle not only makes us healthier but also ____17____ (happy), then it is clear win-win situation.”
Professor Kambhampati from the University of Reading said. “There has been a bigger shift in recent
____18____ (year) for healthier lifestyle choices. Establishing that ____19____ (eat) more fruit and vegetables
and exercising can increase happiness and offer health benefits is a major development. This may also prove
_____20_____ (use) for policy campaigns around environment and sustainability.”
(2022·全国·高二课时练习)阅读下面材料,在空白处填入 1 个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Scientists have discovered the world’s fastest ant. It is the Saharan silver ant. It runs ____21____ a speed of
just over 3kph. The ant runs 108 times the ____22____ (long) of its own body every second. This is ____23____
(quick) than an Olympic 100-meter runner. The world’s fastest man, Usain Bolt, ran the 100 meters ____24____
(use) 4 strides (大步) a second while the Saharan silver ant uses up to 50 strides a second. The scientists say this
much movement almost breaks the limits of ____25____ is physically possible for a living thing. Each of the ants’
feet makes contact with the ground for just seven milliseconds before they take ____26____ next stride.
The scientists said the Saharan silver ant runs so fast because it lives in the hot desert ____27____ the sand
can reach temperatures of up to 60 degrees Celsius, so the ant desires ____28____ (spend) as little time as
possible with its feet on the scorching ground. Another reason is that if the ants’ feet spend a longer time on the
sand, they ____29____ (sink)a little and slow down. Professor Wolf told CNN, “We knew these ants would be
fast, but nobody knew how fast _____30_____ (exact), and how they would achieve that speed.”
(2022·安徽·高二课时练习)阅读下面短文,在空白处填入 1 个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Climate change has caused a rise in sea levels. This has increased the amount of salt in fresh water
___31___(use )on coastal farms. As a result, farmers are ___32___ (gradual) unable to use fields close to the sea.
However, Mare Van Rijsselberghe, a farmer in the Netherlands is now using a ___33___(mix)of sea and
fresh water ___34___(grow)healthy and tasty vegetables.
He teamed up with scientists from the Free University of Amsterdam and divided a farm ___35___ eight
irrigated areas. Separate pipes pumped fresh and sea water, and ___36___ computer program created water with
eight levels of salinity(含盐度).
The water levels and the levels of salinity were controlled by computerised measuring devices called
“sensors”. Mr. Van Rijsselberghe said he was able to harvest vegetables from most of the eight test areas. He said
the vegetables were smaller than ___37___ grown in fresh water. But he said they also had more sugar and salt, so
they tasted much ___38___(good).
He found that potatoes grew better than the other vegetables in the combination of sea and fresh water. Mr.
Van Rijsselberghe said four kinds of these potatoes would be sent to Pakistan ___39___ thousands of hectares of
land ___40___(damage) by salinization(盐化作用)last year.
(2022·四川凉山·高二期末)阅读下面材料,在空白处填入适当的内容(1 个单词)或括号内单词的正确
形式。
Sleep is essential for the proper functioning of all your body systems, from your nerve system to your
immune system. Getting enough sleep is the foundation of good health. If you don’t get enough sleep, your health,
both physical and mental, ____41____ (suffer).
Fatigue (疲惫) is the most obvious and immediate consequence of lack of sleep. It slows down ____42____
(react) time and prevents you from making quick decisions. In addition, not getting enough sleep also ____43____
(have) long-term effects on your health.
You’ve likely heard that you need to get at least eight hours of sleep per night but there isn’t ____44____
exact amount of sleep which applies to everyone. Your ideal sleep duration depends ____45____ your age. For
example, although teenagers need around 8 to 10 hours of sleep every day ____46____ (support) their
development, as they grow into young adults, they need less and less.
Good sleep habits can make a huge difference in ____47____ you feel every day. It’s important to establish a
good bedtime routine. If you have trouble ____48____ (fall) asleep at night, try going to bed at the same time
every night and waking up at the same time each day. This will make it ____49____ (easy) for you to fall asleep.
____50____ (Similar), try not to oversleep during the day as this can impact your usual sleep schedule.
(2022·湖南衡阳·高一期末)阅读下面短文,在空白处填入 1 个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Chinese scientists have contributed to the global effort ____51____ captured the world’s first image of
Sagittarius A, the supermassive black hole at the center of the Milky Way galaxy, according to the Shanghai
Astronomical Observatory of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, one of the ____52____(participate) in the
project.
Experts believe the image of Sagittarius A will help people better understand the extreme celestial objects
____53____(call)black holes and the evolution of our galaxy.
Sagittarius A ____54____(locate) about 27,000 light years away from our solar system. It has ____55____
estimated mass of more than 4 million times that of the sun. It’s about 24 million kilometers ____56____
diameter(直径).
The black hole is now mostly dormant and only ____57____(occasional) absorbs nearby gas or dust, but it
holds many mysteries that ____58____(puzzle) scientists for decades, such as its birth and growth.
Black holes typically form when the nuclear fusion of a very massive star fizzles out ____59____ it collapses
upon itself into a super dense celestial object.
The Event Horizon Telescope held a news conference on Thursday _____60_____(present) the mug shot of
the behemoth lurking behind the clouds of dust and gas that surround the center of our home galaxy.
(2022·河南开封·高二期末)阅读下面短文,在空白处填入 1 个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Scientists have found that, over the last couple of decades, Greenland is melting (融化) ____61____ (fast)
than it has in at least 350 years, which results ____62____ water pouring into the sea and contributes to sea level
rise.
“What’s important ____63____ (know) is that all the big melt years have happened in the last two decades or
so,” said Will, ____64____ researches ice sheets and oceans at NASA’ Jet Propulsion Laboratory. “That’s
because the melt in Greenland is getting more extreme every decade due to human interference (干预) with the
climate, like air ____65____ (pollute).” Willis and his team were ____66____ (surprise) by Greenland’s current
melt.
As the climate warms and heat waves become increasingly extreme, major melting events are even
happening at the ____67____ (island) typically cold summit (山顶). This summer, a couple of ____68____
(seriously) heat waves hit Greenland, noted Ted Scambos, an ice sheet expert at the University of Boulder
Colorado. ____69____ even rained atop Greenland, at 10,551 feet. Scientists had never observed rain there
before.
Before 1995, centuries would go by between major melt events at the summit, explained Scambos, referring
to evidence from cores of ancient Greenland ice. Now, it _____70_____ (occur) a handful of times in recent
decades.
(2022·黑龙江·哈尔滨三中高二期末)阅读下面短文,在空白处填入 1 个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确
形式。
Like many people, Jessica Batchelor prefers to go to bed at 3 pm and wake up at noon. Jessica Batchelor is
represented ____71____ an “extreme night owl”. She is one of the estimated 8.2% of the population ____72____
natural tendency is to fall asleep well after midnight. However, she struggles with feelings of guilt and shame. It is
mistakenly assumed that sleeping little and rising early is in ____73____ (associate) with virtue. As ____74____
matter of fact, around eight hours of good-quality sleep ____75____ (be) essential for better health for almost
everybody. Why do natural night owls exist There is no single ____76____ (universal) accepted theory.
Evolutionary biologists think that communities with more variation in chronotypes (作息类型) may have been
more likely ____77____ (survive). Natural night owls are fundamentally different to insomniacs (失眠者). As a
medical writer Jessica Batchelor puts ____78____, she is most ____79____ (product) at 11 pm. However, she
can’t tell anyone _____80_____ she goes to sleep, wakes up, showers, or eats a meal, because natural night owls
are not well understood.
参考答案:
1.published2.to have3.with4.tallest5.growing6.which7.solutions8.a9.have improved10.allowing
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了花园的发展历史和园艺的好处。
1.考查非谓语动词。句意:1911 年出版的《秘密花园》一书激励人们种花。分析句子结构可知 publish
在句中应用非谓语动词形式,与逻辑主语 The book The Secret Garden 构成被动关系,故用过去分词作定
语。故填 published。
2.考查非谓语动词。句意:但在此之前,只有少数人有足够的钱拥有花园。此处为短语 have enough
money to do sth.表示“有足够的钱做某事”。故填 to have。
3.考查介词。句意:许多房屋都建有花园,许多英国人都以自己的“园艺技能”而自豪。后跟名词作宾
语,表示“带有”应用介词 with。故填 with。
4.考查最高级。句意:在春天,孩子们喜欢寻找最高的向日葵。根据上文定冠词以及句意“最高的”可知
应用形容词最高级。故填 tallest。
5.考查非谓语动词。句意:有些人花很多时间种植蔬菜来参加比赛。短语 spend some time doing sth.表示
“花费时间做某事”。故填 growing。
6.考查定语从句。句意:然而,植物生长的空间是有限的,所以人们开始寻找新的解决方案。此处为
“介词+关系代词”结构定语从句修饰先行词 space,作介词的宾语,指物,故用 which。故填 which。
7.考查名词。句意:然而,植物生长的空间是有限的,所以人们开始寻找新的解决方案。作宾语,表示
“解决方案”应用名词 solution,前文没有冠词故用复数形式。故填 solutions。
8.考查冠词。句意:许多人在等待出租土地,而一些人把他们的屋顶用作私人花园。garden 为可数名
词,此处表泛指且 private 是发音以辅音音素开头的单词,故填 a。
9.考查时态。句意:从那时起,这些花园改善了空气质量和人们的生活条件。根据后文 since then 可知
应用现在完成时,主语为 gardens,助动词用 have。故填 have improved。
10.考查非谓语动词。句意:就像《秘密花园》里的话,园艺不仅对环境有好处,对心灵也有好处,让
你与自然融为一体,创造美。分析句子结构可知 allow 在句中应用非谓语动词形式,与逻辑主语 it 构成主
动关系,故用现在分词作状语。故填 allowing。
11.of12.the13.previously14.which15.are16.to strengthen17.happier18.years19.eating20.useful
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了一项新的研究发现,研究表明,食用水果和蔬菜再加上锻
炼可以提高幸福水平。
11.考查介词。句意:新的研究发现,水果和蔬菜的消费和锻炼可以提高幸福水平。根据句意可知,指
的是“幸福的水平”,用介词 of。故填 of。
12.考查冠词。句意:虽然生活方式和幸福感之间的联系之前已经有文献记载,并且经常被用于公共健
康运动,以鼓励更健康的饮食和锻炼,但新的研究结果表明,生活方式和生活满意度之间也存在积极的
因果关系。修饰名词 link,特指,用定冠词 the。故填 the。
13.考查副词。句意:虽然生活方式和幸福感之间的联系之前已经有文献记载,并且经常被用于公共健
康运动,以鼓励更健康的饮食和锻炼,但新的研究结果表明,生活方式和生活满意度之间也存在积极的
因果关系。修饰动词 document 用副词形式。故填 previously。
14.考查定语从句。句意:研究结果表明,个体延迟满足和应用自我控制的能力在影响生活方式的决定
中发挥着重要作用,反过来又对幸福感产生积极影响。句中先行词为 lifestyle decisions,在非限制性定语
从句中担当主语,用关系代词 which 引导。故填 which。
15.考查时态和主谓一致。句意:众所周知,生活方式疾病是全球健康状况不佳和死亡的主要原因,这
些发现可能对公共卫生政策制定者产生重大影响。考查从句谓语动词,根据下文 plays 可知,时态为一般
现在时;主语为 lifestyle diseases,复数,所以用 are。故填 are。
16.考查非谓语动词。句意:那些能让计划自我加强的行为在保持健康的生活方式方面可能特别有帮
助。非谓语动词担当 enable 的宾语补足语,用不定式,构成短语:enable…to do…使……能够……。故填
to strengthen。
17.考查形容词。句意:”如果更好的生活方式不仅让我们更健康,也让我们更快乐,那么这显然是双赢
的局面。根据上文的 not only…but also…可知,空处和 healthier 保持一致,所以用形容词比较级。故填
happier。
18.考查名词的数。句意:近年来,人们选择更健康的生活方式有了更大的转变。根据 recent 可知,是
“近来这些年”,用名词的复数形式。故填 years。
19.考查非谓语动词。句意:一项重大的进展是,证实多吃水果蔬菜和锻炼可以增加幸福感,并提供健
康益处。非谓语动词担当从句的主语用动名词形式。故填 eating。
20.考查形容词。句意:这也可能被证明对环境和可持续发展的政策运动有用。形容词担当系动词 prove
的表语。故填 useful。
21.at22.length23.quicker24.using25.what26.the27.where28.to spend29.will sink30.exactly
【导语】这是一篇说明文。科学家发现了世界上跑得最快的蚂蚁——撒哈拉银蚁。文章介绍了这种蚂蚁
的一些习性和特点。
21.考查介词。句意:它的速度刚刚超过每小时 3 公里。结合句意表示“以……的速度”短语为 at a speed
of。故填 at。
22.考查名词。句意:蚂蚁每秒钟跑的路程是自己身体长度的 108 倍。此处应填抽象名词 length,构成倍
数表达:倍数+the length of+比较对象。故填 length。
23.考查比较级。句意:这比奥运会上的 100 米跑步者跑得还快。根据后文 than an Olympic 100-meter
runner 可知应用比较级。故填 quicker。
24.考查非谓语动词。句意:世界上跑得最快的人尤塞恩·博尔特跑 100 米的速度是每秒 4 步,而撒哈拉
银蚁的速度是每秒 50 步。分析句子结构可知 use 在句中应用非谓语动词形式,与逻辑主语 Usain Bolt 构
成主动关系,故用现在分词作状语。故填 using。
25.考查宾语从句。句意:科学家们表示,这么多的运动几乎打破了生物在物理上可能达到的极限。引
导宾语从句,从句中缺少主语,指事物应用 what。故填 what。
26.考查冠词。句意:蚂蚁的每只脚与地面接触只有 7 毫秒,然后它们就会迈出下一步。表示“下一个”短
语为 the next。故填 the。
27.考查定语从句。句意:科学家们表示,撒哈拉银蚁之所以跑得这么快,是因为它们生活在炎热的沙
漠中,那里的沙子温度可以达到 60 摄氏度,所以它们希望尽可能少地在灼热的地面上停留。定语从句修
饰先行词 desert,先行词在从句中作地点状语,应用 where 引导。故填 where。
28.考查非谓语动词。句意:科学家们表示,撒哈拉银蚁之所以跑得这么快,是因为它们生活在炎热的
沙漠中,那里的沙子温度可以达到 60 摄氏度,所以它们希望尽可能少地在灼热的地面上停留。此处为短
语 desire to do sth.表示“希望做某事”,不定式作宾语。故填 to spend。
29.考查时态。句意:另一个原因是,如果蚂蚁的脚在沙子上停留的时间更长,它们会下沉一点,速度
会变慢。if 引导的条件状语从句用了一般现在时,故主句用一般将来时。故填 will sink。
30.考查副词。句意:沃尔夫教授告诉 CNN,“我们知道这些蚂蚁会很快,但没有人知道具体有多快,以
及它们是如何达到这个速度的。”修饰形容词 fast 应用副词 exactly,作状语。故填 exactly。
31.used
32.gradually
33.mixture
34.to grow
35.into
36.a
37.those
38.better
39.where
40.was damaged
【导语】本文是一篇说明文,介绍了气候变化使海平面上升,对海岸附近的种植业产生了影响,但荷兰
的一位农民利用这种条件种出了美味的蔬菜。
31.考查非谓语动词。句意:这增加了沿海农场使用的淡水中的盐的含量。设空处应用非谓语动词做定
语,与所修饰词 water 之间是逻辑上的动宾关系,所以应用过去分词,故填 used。
32.考查副词。句意:因此,农民逐渐无法使用靠近大海的土地。空处修饰 are unable to,应用副词,故
填 gradually。
33.考查名词。句意:荷兰的一位农民正使用一种海水和淡水的混合物来种植健康美味的蔬菜。在不定
冠词 a 后应用名词形式,故填 mixture。
34.考查非谓语动词。句意:同上。根据句意可知此处应是非谓语动词做目的状语,所以用动词不定
式,故填 to grow。
35.考查介词。句意:他与阿姆斯特丹自由大学的科学家们合作,将一个农场分成八个灌溉区。句中
divide… into… 为固定搭配,意为“把……分成……”。故填 into。
36.考查冠词。句意:分开的管道输送淡水和海水,计算机程序制造出八种盐度的水。program 是可数名
词,此处泛指“一个电脑程序”,所以应用不定冠词,又因为 computer 的发音以辅音音素开头,故填 a。
37.考查代词。句意:他说,这些蔬菜比在淡水中生长的那些蔬菜要小。为避免重复,指代前面的“the
vegetables”应用代词 that 或 those. 又因为前面是名词的复数形式,故填 those。
38.考查比较级。句意:但是他说它们也含有更多的糖和盐,所以这些蔬菜的味道尝起来更好。与淡水
中种植的蔬菜相比,所以应用比较级,故填 better。
39.考查定语从句。句意:Van Rijsselberghe 先生说,其中四种土豆将被送往巴基斯坦,那里去年有数千
公顷的土地因盐碱化而受损。分析句子结构可知,“thousands of hectares of land 65 (damage)by
salinization last year”是定语从句,修饰先行词 Pakistan,关系词在定语从句中做地点状语,所以应用关系
副词,故填 where。
40.考查动词。句意:同上。分析句子成分可知,设空处在此处是定语从句中的谓语动词,与主语之间
是逻辑上的动宾关系,根据时间状语 last year 可知应用一般过去时,同时句中主语 land 为不可数名词。
故填 was damaged。
41.will suffer##suffers
42.reaction
43.has
44.an
45.on##upon
46.to support
47.how
48.falling
49.easier
50.Similarly
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了睡眠对你所有身体系统的正常运作至关重要,如果你睡眠不足,
你的身体和精神健康都会受到影响。
41.考查动词时态。句意:如果你睡眠不足,你的身体和精神健康都会受到影响。分析句子可知,此空
应填主句的谓语动词,再根据“If you don’t get ”和句意可知,此空可填一般将来时或一般现在时,且 your
health 和 suffer 是主动关系。故填 will suffer 或 suffers。
42.考查名词。句意:它会减慢反应时间,阻止你快速做出决定。reaction time 表“反应时间”,其中
reaction 作定语,修饰 time。故填 reaction。
43.考查主谓一致。句意:此外,睡眠不足也会对你的健康产生长期影响。分析句子可知,此空应填谓
语动词,且用一般现在时,主语 not getting enough sleep 为动名词,谓语应用第三人称单数形式。故填
has。
44.考查冠词。句意:你可能听说过你每晚需要至少八个小时的睡眠,但并没有一个确切的睡眠量适用
于每个人。a mount of 表“大量”,为固定搭配。且 exact 为元音音素开始的单词,应用不定冠词 an。故填
an。
45.考查介词。句意:你理想的睡眠时间取决于你的年龄。denpend on/upon 表“取决于” ,为固定搭配。
故填 on/upon。
46.考查非谓语动词。句意:例如,虽然青少年每天需要 8 到 10 个小时左右的睡眠来支持他们的发展,
但随着他们成长为年轻人,他们需要的睡眠越来越少。分析句子可知,此空应填不定式,作目的状语。
故填 to support。
47.考查宾语从句。句意:良好的睡眠习惯可以让你每天的感觉大不相同。分析句子可知,此处是宾语
从句,且由 you feel 可知,应用连接副词 how,表“如何”。故填 how。
48.考查非谓语动词。句意:如果你晚上难以入睡,试着每晚在同一时间睡觉,每天在同一时间醒来。
have trouble (in) doing sth 表“做某事有问题”,为固定搭配。故填 falling。
49.考查形容词比较级。句意:这将使你更容易入睡。由上文“try going to bed at the same time every
night”可知,这样做会让你“更容易”入睡,应用形容词比较级。故填 easier。
50.考查副词。句意:同样,白天尽量不要睡过头,因为这会影响你的正常睡眠计划。分析句子可知,
逗号前应用副词,修饰整个句子。故填 Similarly。
51.that##which
52.participants
53.called
54.is located
55.an
56.in
57.occasionally
58.have puzzled
59.and
60.to present
【导语】本文为一篇说明文。文章介绍了黑洞人马座 A。
51.考查定语从句。句意:据参与该项目的中国科学院上海天文台表示,中国科学家为全球首次捕捉到
银河系中心超大质量黑洞人马座 A 的图像做出了贡献。分析句子结构可知,此处位于名词之后,为定语
从句,修饰名词“effort”;从句中缺少主语,所以用关系代词 that 或者 which 引导限制性定语从句。故填
that 或者 which。
52.考查名词。句意:据参与该项目的中国科学院上海天文台表示,中国科学家为全球首次捕捉到银河
系中心超大质量黑洞人马座 A 的图像做出了贡献。one of 后跟可数名词的复数形式。故填 participants。
53.考查非谓语动词。句意:专家认为,人马座 A 的图像将帮助人们更好地了解被称为黑洞的极端天体
和我们的星系的演化。分析句子结构可知,句子中已经有谓语动词,因此需要填入非谓语动词。非谓语
动词 call 与其逻辑主语之间为被动关系,所以用过去分词作后置定语。故填 called。
54.考查谓语动词。句意:人马座 A 距离我们的太阳系约 27000 光年。分析句子结构可知,此处需要填
入谓语动词。locate 坐落于,表示某地坐落于通常为 be located;本文为描述客观事实,所以用一般现在
时,主语为单数。故填 is located。
55.考查冠词。句意:据估计,它的质量是太阳的 400 多万倍。分析句子结构可知,此处位于名词前修
饰名词,a mass of 译为“大量”,mass 前有 estimated 修饰,且是元音音素开通,所以用不定冠词 an。故填
an。
56.考查介词。句意:它的直径约为 2400 万公里。此处指的是直径的长度;表示在“……方面”的长度用
in。故填 in。
57.考查副词。句意:这个黑洞现在大部分时间处于休眠状态,只偶尔吸收附近的气体或尘埃,但它还
有许多困扰了科学家几十年的谜,比如它的诞生和成长。分析句子结构可知,此处位于动词之前,修饰
动词,因此需要填入副词。故填 occasionally。
58.考查时态。句意:这个黑洞现在大部分时间处于休眠状态,只偶尔吸收附近的气体或尘埃,但它还
有许多困扰了科学家几十年的谜,比如它的诞生和成长。分析句子结构可知,空格处需要填入谓语动
词,根据时间状语 for decades 可知,此处需要用现在完成时,主语为复数。故填 have puzzled。
59.考查连词。句意:黑洞通常是在一个大质量恒星的核聚变结束,坍缩成一个密度超高的天体时形成
的。分析句子结构可知,空格处需要填入连词。根据句意可知,空格后的句子与主句为并列关系。故填
and。
60.考查非谓语动词。句意:事件视界望远镜周四举行了一场新闻发布会,展示了这只潜伏在我们母星
系中心周围的尘埃和气体云后面的庞然大物的面部照片。分析句子结构,可知句子已经有谓语动词,因
此需要填入非谓语动词;此处表示目的,所以用不定式。故填 to present。
61.faster
62.in
63.to know
64.who
65.pollution
66.surprised
67.island’s
68.serious
69.It
70.has occurred
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了一项新的研究发现,在过去的几十年里,格陵兰岛的融化
速度超过了至少 350 年来的速度,这导致海水涌入大海,海平面上升。
61.考查副词比较级。句意:科学家们发现,在过去的几十年里,格陵兰岛的融化速度超过了至少 350
年来的速度,这导致海水涌入大海,导致海平面上升。根据空后的 than 可知,空处为副词比较级。故填
faster。
62.考查介词。句意:科学家们发现,在过去的几十年里,格陵兰岛的融化速度超过了至少 350 年来的
速度,这导致海水涌入大海,导致海平面上升。短语:result in 导致。故填 in。
63.考查非谓语动词。句意:在美国宇航局喷气推进实验室研究冰盖和海洋的 Will 说:“重要的是要知
道,所有大的融化年份都发生在过去 20 年左右。”句型:主语 + be + adj + to do。故填 to know。
64.考查定语从句。句意:在美国宇航局喷气推进实验室研究冰盖和海洋的 Will 说:“重要的是要知道,
所有大的融化年份都发生在过去 20 年左右。”句中先行词为 Will,在非限制性定语从句中担当主语,所
以用关系代词 who 引导。故填 who。
65.考查名词。句意:“这是因为由于人类对气候的干扰,比如空气污染,格陵兰岛的融化每十年就会变
得更加极端。” Willis 和他的团队对格陵兰岛目前的融化感到惊讶。短语:air pollution 空气污染。故填
pollution。
66.考查形容词。句意:“这是因为由于人类对气候的干扰,比如空气污染,格陵兰岛的融化每十年就会
变得更加极端。” Willis 和他的团队对格陵兰岛目前的融化感到惊讶。短语:be surprised by 对……感到惊
讶。故填 surprised。
67.考查名词的所有格。句意:随着气候变暖,热浪变得越来越极端,岛上通常寒冷的山顶上甚至发生
了重大的融化事件。根据下文的“cold summit”可知,空处为名词所有格,表示“……的”。故填 island’s。
68.考查形容词。句意:今年夏天,几次严重的热浪袭击了格陵兰岛。修饰名词 heat waves 用形容词。
故填 serious。
69.考查代词。句意:甚至在 10551 英尺高的格陵兰岛上还下过雨。代指天气用代词 it,出现在句首,首
字母大写。故填 It。
70.考查时态。句意:最近几十年,这种情况发生过几次。根据时间状语 in recent decades 可知,时态为
现在完成时;主语为 it,单数,谓语动词用 has。故填 has occurred。
71.as
72.whose
73.association
74.a
75.is
76.universally
77.to survive
78.it
79.productive
80.when
【导语】这是一篇说明文。主要讲述了杰西卡·巴切勒是一个“极端夜猫子”。据估计,有 8.2%的人在午夜
过后自然倾向于睡得很好,她就是其中之一。
71.考查介词。句意:杰西卡·巴切勒就是一个“极端夜猫子”。由 be represented as“被表示为……”为固定
短语,可知,此处为介词 as 的填入。故填 as。
72.考查定语从句关系词。句意:据估计,有 8.2%的人在午夜过后自然倾向于睡得很好,她就是其中之
一。分析句子可知,此处为限制性定语从句,先行词 8.2% of the population 在从句中作 natural tendency 的
定语成分,用关系代词 whose。故填 whose。
73.考查名词。句意:人们错误地认为少睡早起与美德有关。in association with“与……相联系;与……
联合”为固定短语,用名词 association。故填 association。
74.考查冠词。句意:事实上,8 小时左右的高质量睡眠几乎对每个人的健康都至关重要。As a matter of
fact“事实上”为固定短语,用不定冠词 a。故填 a。
75.考查时态和主谓一致。句意:事实上,8 小时左右的高质量睡眠几乎对每个人的健康都至关重要。主
语 eight hours of good-quality sleep 为单数名词意义,故谓语动词为单数形式,结合句子为客观事实,时态
为一般现在时。故填 is。
76.考查副词。句意:没有一个被普遍接受的理论。由副词 universally 作状语,修饰形容词 accepted。故
填 universally。
77.考查动词不定式。句意:进化生物学家认为,作息类型变异较多的群落可能更容易生存。be likely to
do“可能做某事”为固定短语,survive 用动词不定式形式。故填 to survive。
78.考查代词。句意:正如医学作家杰西卡 巴切勒(Jessica Batchelor)所说,晚上 11 点是她工作效率最高
的时候。固定用法 as sb. put it 为“正如某人所说的那样”,用代词 it。故填 it。
79.考查形容词最高级。句意:正如医学作家杰西卡 巴切勒(Jessica Batchelor)所说,晚上 11 点是她工作
效率最高的时候。由空前 most 可知,此处为形容词最高级 most productive 作表语。故填 productive。
80.考查宾语从句连接词。句意:然而,她不能告诉任何人她什么时候睡觉,什么时候起床,什么时候
洗澡,什么时候吃饭,因为人们不太了解天生的夜猫子。由句意可知,此处为连词 when 引导的宾语从
句,在从句中作时间状语成分,意为“什么时候”,满足句意要求。故填 when。