高中英语非谓语动词语法简略总结表
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非谓语动词
不定式 动名词 现在分词 过去分词 比较
形式 不定式分为带有to和不带有to的两种。不定式在句子中不能作谓语，但它具有动词的一些特征。如可以有自己的宾语、状语、逻辑主语。不定式相当于名词、形容词、副词。 动名词的基本形式是"v-ing"，与现在分词形式相同。动名词兼有动词和名词的性质，既保留了动词的意义和搭配关系（可以与宾语、状语等构成动名词短语），又在句中发挥相当于名词的作用。 "v-ing"。现在分词表示正在进行的、主动的动作，在句子中起形容词或副词的作用，可作定语、状语、表语和补语。 "v-ed"。过去分词表示已经完成的、被动的动作，在句子中起形容词或副词的作用，可作定语、状语、表语和补语。
作主语 n 不定式在句中作主语相当于名词或代词的作用。往往用形式主语it代替，将不定式置于句末。 To live in China is his dream. It is his dream to live in China. 动名词可直接做主语，也可有it代替动名词作形式主语。系动词be后接no use, no good等词汇时习惯上用动名词作后置主语，用it作形式主语。 Laying eggs is her full-time job. It is a waste of time arguing with him about it. It is no use quarrelling. It is no good learning theory without practice. 一般来说，动名词作主语表示泛指、经常性的、抽象的动作；而不定式作主语多表示特指、一次性的、具体的动作，二者都常用it作形式主语。 Spitting everywhere is not a good manner. To spit here will be punished.
作表语n adj 表示主语的具体内容、目的等。 My only wish is to have a job in an office. 动名词作表语也表示一种概念、习惯或经验。说明主语的内容。 A nurse's job is taking care of patients. 现在分词作表语是用来表示主语的特性、状态、情感等，具有形容词的特征。 The film is exciting. Your achievements are inspiring. 同现在分词。 The shops have remained shut for a week. We are interested in it. 作表语时，动名词泛指日常反复的动作；不定式表示将要去完成的某一具体动作。现在分词有形容词的特性；动名词有名词的特性。 My job is collecting letters. My job is to collect letters.
作宾语n 不定式可以作介词或动词的宾语。作介词的宾语时常在不定式前加上疑问词。长跟不定式作宾语等动词有want, refuse, offer, agree, promise, hope, decide, expect, manage… He refuse to accept the present. I have decided to study engineering. 常跟动名词作宾语的动词常见的有：avoid, admit, consider, dislike, enjoy, finish, keep, imaine, practise, appreciate, escape, mind, miss, delay, deny… You should avoid making the same mistake next time. He is considering going abroad. Do you mind my opening the window 常跟动名词作宾语的动词短语常见的有： insist on, object to, be good at, lead to, put off, give up, look forward to, feel like, get/be used to, pay attention to, be fond of, be worth... Tom insist on doing the job alone. I think his suggestion is well worth considering. 动名词的复合结构。 在句首： A person's knowing English will help him in learning French. 不在句首： Do you mind my opening the window Would you mind me smoking here The mother's worry is her son making trouble for the family.
作定语 修饰名词 adj 不定式作定语通常放在被修饰词的后面，主要有两种情况：一是不定式与被修饰词构成逻辑上的主谓关系；二是不定式与被修饰词构成逻辑上的动宾关系。如果不定式是不及物动词，其后要加上相应的介词。 He was the first guest to arrive. I have a lot of problems to solve. He is a pleasant person to work with. Do you have any letters to be typed 动名词作定语，通常放在被修饰词的前面。修饰名词，说明被修饰名词的用途。相当于“名词+for+doing”。 She is studying in the reading room. 单个分词作定语时一般放在被修饰词之前；分词短语作定语时一般放在被修饰词之后，往往可用定语从句代替。 A barking dog seldom bites. The building being built now will be our dinning hall. The building which is being built now will be our dinning hall. 同现在分词。 I bought some painted chairs. 动名词作定语通常表示他所修饰的名词的用途，其间不存在逻辑上主谓关系； 现在分词作定语与所修饰的名词间存在着逻辑上的主谓关系，表示该动作的主动或进行，可变为定语从句； 过去分词作定语与他所修饰的名次在逻辑上有被动关系，表示该动作的被动或完成； 不定式作定语表示将来的动作。 China is a developing country. The developed countries also need help from any other country in the world. I have many letters to type.
作状语 修饰动词、句子等 adv 不定式作状语表示目的、原因、结果等。表示原因和结果时，不定式不可以置于句首，而且不定式往往表示出人意料的结果，常用only to… To get there on time, he started out very early. He hurried to the station only to find the train had left. 现在分词作状语时，与其逻辑主语（句子的主语）之间为主谓关系，可表示伴随、时间、条件、原因、方式和结果等，相当于一个状语从句。 Walking along the street, I met my friend. Being so poor in those days, they couldn't afford to send the child to hospital. He had to quit school because of poverty, leaving his compulsory education unfinished. They sat round the table, talking and laughing. 同现在分词。 Seriously injured, he had to be taken to hospital. 不定式往往表示出乎意料之外的结果，而现在分词作状语时往往与主句有因果关系，主句表原因，分词表结果。 She fell off the bike, breaking her left leg. I woke up in the morning, to find the outside world greatly changed.
作宾补 说明宾语 在“v+宾语+不定式”结构中，不定式作宾语补足语，“宾语+不定式”构成了不定式的复合结构。有些动词要求不代to，有些必须带，有些带不带都可以。 带to：ask, want, order, tell, persuade, advise, allow, encourage, cause, require… 不带to：感官动词：see，hear, feel, watch, notice, observe, listen to, look at 使役动词let, make, have. 不带to的不定式结构所在句中的动词变为被动形式时，要加上to（let除外）。 Parents want their children to develop fully. Did you see anyone enter the house I heard my neighbour lock the door. I will have all my friends come over. The made him go there alone. He was made to go there alone. 现在分词通常作感官动词、表示状态的动词、使役动词的宾补。它和宾语之间有主动、进行的意义；从时间上讲，它表示正在进行的动作或动作的持续。 I hear someone talking in the next room. He felt his heart beating rapidly. 过去分词通常作感官动词、表示状态的动词、使役动词的宾补。它和宾语之间有被动、完成的意义。 I found myself lost. If you want to make yourself respected, you are above all to respect others. 在感官动词后，既可以用现在分词构成复合宾语，也可用不定式。但含义有差别。现在分词表示动作正在发生，不定式表示发生过了。 I saw the girl getting on the car. I saw the girl get on the car and drive off.
不定式 动名词 现在分词 过去分词 比较
形式 不定式分为带有to和不带有to的两种。不定式在句子中不能作谓语，但它具有动词的一些特征。如可以有自己的宾语、状语、逻辑主语。不定式相当于名词、形容词、副词。 动名词的基本形式是"v-ing"，与现在分词形式相同。动名词兼有动词和名词的性质，既保留了动词的意义和搭配关系（可以与宾语、状语等构成动名词短语），又在句中发挥相当于名词的作用。 "v-ing"。现在分词表示正在进行的、主动的动作，在句子中起形容词或副词的作用，可作定语、状语、表语和补语。 "v-ed"。过去分词表示已经完成的、被动的动作，在句子中起形容词或副词的作用，可作定语、状语、表语和补语。
作主语 n 不定式在句中作主语相当于名词或代词的作用。往往用形式主语it代替，将不定式置于句末。 To live in China is his dream. It is his dream to live in China. 动名词可直接做主语，也可有it代替动名词作形式主语。系动词be后接no use, no good等词汇时习惯上用动名词作后置主语，用it作形式主语。 Laying eggs is her full-time job. It is a waste of time arguing with him about it. It is no use quarrelling. It is no good learning theory without practice. 一般来说，动名词作主语表示泛指、经常性的、抽象的动作；而不定式作主语多表示特指、一次性的、具体的动作，二者都常用it作形式主语。 Spitting everywhere is not a good manner. To spit here will be punished.
作表语n adj 表示主语的具体内容、目的等。 My only wish is to have a job in an office. 动名词作表语也表示一种概念、习惯或经验。说明主语的内容。 A nurse's job is taking care of patients. 现在分词作表语是用来表示主语的特性、状态、情感等，具有形容词的特征。 The film is exciting. Your achievements are inspiring. 同现在分词。 The shops have remained shut for a week. We are interested in it. 作表语时，动名词泛指日常反复的动作；不定式表示将要去完成的某一具体动作。现在分词有形容词的特性；动名词有名词的特性。 My job is collecting letters. My job is to collect letters.
作宾语n 不定式可以作介词或动词的宾语。作介词的宾语时常在不定式前加上疑问词。长跟不定式作宾语等动词有want, refuse, offer, agree, promise, hope, decide, expect, manage… He refuse to accept the present. I have decided to study engineering. 常跟动名词作宾语的动词常见的有：avoid, admit, consider, dislike, enjoy, finish, keep, imaine, practise, appreciate, escape, mind, miss, delay, deny… You should avoid making the same mistake next time. He is considering going abroad. Do you mind my opening the window 常跟动名词作宾语的动词短语常见的有： insist on, object to, be good at, lead to, put off, give up, look forward to, feel like, get/be used to, pay attention to, be fond of, be worth... Tom insist on doing the job alone. I think his suggestion is well worth considering. 动名词的复合结构。 在句首： A person's knowing English will help him in learning French. 不在句首： Do you mind my opening the window Would you mind me smoking here The mother's worry is her son making trouble for the family.
作定语 修饰名词 adj 不定式作定语通常放在被修饰词的后面，主要有两种情况：一是不定式与被修饰词构成逻辑上的主谓关系；二是不定式与被修饰词构成逻辑上的动宾关系。如果不定式是不及物动词，其后要加上相应的介词。 He was the first guest to arrive. I have a lot of problems to solve. He is a pleasant person to work with. Do you have any letters to be typed 动名词作定语，通常放在被修饰词的前面。修饰名词，说明被修饰名词的用途。相当于“名词+for+doing”。 She is studying in the reading room. 单个分词作定语时一般放在被修饰词之前；分词短语作定语时一般放在被修饰词之后，往往可用定语从句代替。 A barking dog seldom bites. The building being built now will be our dinning hall. The building which is being built now will be our dinning hall. 同现在分词。 I bought some painted chairs. 动名词作定语通常表示他所修饰的名词的用途，其间不存在逻辑上主谓关系； 现在分词作定语与所修饰的名词间存在着逻辑上的主谓关系，表示该动作的主动或进行，可变为定语从句； 过去分词作定语与他所修饰的名次在逻辑上有被动关系，表示该动作的被动或完成； 不定式作定语表示将来的动作。 China is a developing country. The developed countries also need help from any other country in the world. I have many letters to type.
作状语 修饰动词、句子等 adv 不定式作状语表示目的、原因、结果等。表示原因和结果时，不定式不可以置于句首，而且不定式往往表示出人意料的结果，常用only to… To get there on time, he started out very early. He hurried to the station only to find the train had left. 现在分词作状语时，与其逻辑主语（句子的主语）之间为主谓关系，可表示伴随、时间、条件、原因、方式和结果等，相当于一个状语从句。 Walking along the street, I met my friend. Being so poor in those days, they couldn't afford to send the child to hospital. He had to quit school because of poverty, leaving his compulsory education unfinished. They sat round the table, talking and laughing. 同现在分词。 Seriously injured, he had to be taken to hospital. 不定式往往表示出乎意料之外的结果，而现在分词作状语时往往与主句有因果关系，主句表原因，分词表结果。 She fell off the bike, breaking her left leg. I woke up in the morning, to find the outside world greatly changed.
作宾补 说明宾语 在“v+宾语+不定式”结构中，不定式作宾语补足语，“宾语+不定式”构成了不定式的复合结构。有些动词要求不代to，有些必须带，有些带不带都可以。 带to：ask, want, order, tell, persuade, advise, allow, encourage, cause, require… 不带to：感官动词：see，hear, feel, watch, notice, observe, listen to, look at 使役动词let, make, have. 不带to的不定式结构所在句中的动词变为被动形式时，要加上to（let除外）。 Parents want their children to develop fully. Did you see anyone enter the house I heard my neighbour lock the door. I will have all my friends come over. The made him go there alone. He was made to go there alone. 现在分词通常作感官动词、表示状态的动词、使役动词的宾补。它和宾语之间有主动、进行的意义；从时间上讲，它表示正在进行的动作或动作的持续。 I hear someone talking in the next room. He felt his heart beating rapidly. 过去分词通常作感官动词、表示状态的动词、使役动词的宾补。它和宾语之间有被动、完成的意义。 I found myself lost. If you want to make yourself respected, you are above all to respect others. 在感官动词后，既可以用现在分词构成复合宾语，也可用不定式。但含义有差别。现在分词表示动作正在发生，不定式表示发生过了。 I saw the girl getting on the car. I saw the girl get on the car and drive off.