人教版（2019）选择性必修第四册Unit 1 Science Fiction 词汇句型知识点讲解课件(41张ppt)

(共41张PPT)
Book 4 unit1
SCIENCE FICTION
词汇+句型
(1)test n．& v．测验；试验；测试
test sb on sth 在……方面测试某人
(2)carry out 贯彻；执行；实施
work out 计算出；解决；锻炼
set out 出发；启程；(怀着目标)开始工作
wear out 穿破；耗尽；使厌烦
try out 尝试
1. test out 检验；测试；考验
①He wished to test out the item before selling it. ____
②The long climb tested out our power of endurance. ____
③You __________________ anything that you haven't studied yet.
不会考那些你们还没有学过的东西。
试验
考验
won't be tested on
练习
(1)make/have an appointment with sb 和某人预约/约定
keep/break an appointment 守/失约
(2)appoint v．任命；委任；安排；约定
appointed adj.指定的；约定的
2. appointment n．预约；约会；委任
①She has an appointment ____ the science fiction writer to meet at the cafe.
②I _____________ (appoint) to take charge of arranging all the activities on that day.
③A punctual person is in the habit of doing a thing at the proper time and ___________________________．
一个守时的人有在适当的时候做一件事的习惯，从不违约。
with　
was appointed
never breaks an appointment
练习
(1)be guilty of 犯有……罪
be/feel guilty at/about 对/为……感到内疚/有愧
(2)guilt n．内疚；悔恨；犯罪；罪行
3.guilty adj.内疚的；有罪的；有过失的
①She had feelings of _____ (guilty) about leaving her children and going to work.
②John had a ______ (guilt) look on his face, leaving all the tasks to me.
③I _____________________ abandoning such a golden chance.
放弃了这么好的机会，我感到内疚。
guilt
guilty
felt guilty about/at
练习
dismiss/fire sb for sth 因……而解雇/开除某人
dismiss sb (one's job) 解雇/开除某人
dismiss sb from one's post/position免去某人的职务
①The servant was dismissed ___ being lazy and dishonest.
②She claimed she was unfairly dismissed ____ her post.
for
from
4. dismiss vt.让(某人)离开；解散；解雇；消除
练习
declare sb/sth to be 宣布某人/某事是……
declare for/against ... 赞成/反对……
declare war (on ...) (向……)宣战
declare sth open/closed 宣布……开始/结束
declare that ... 声称/宣布……
5. declare vt.表明；宣称；公布
①When they asked him for his opinion, he declared strongly _______ the policy, which made them unhappy.
②It was the year when Britain declared war __ Germany.
③Our school declared the girl _____ (be) head of our department.
④She _______________________________________ she had ever tasted.
她声称那是她吃过的最好的巧克力蛋糕。
against
on
to be
declared (that) it was the best chocolate cake
练习
declare, announce
declare 一般指在正式场合宣布官方的立场或态度，其后可跟复合宾语，还有“公布；宣布；宣称”之意
announce 多指提前宣布或公开某一消息或(通过广播)通知某事
The government has declared a state of emergency.
政府已宣布进入紧急状态。
They officially announced the news to the reporters.
他们正式向记者发布了这条新闻。
区分
(1)basis n．基础；基准；方式；原因
on a regular basis 例行地；有规律地；定期地
on a daily or weekly basis 每天或每周
on the basis of 在……的基础上；基于；根据
(2)base v．以……为据点(或总部等)；把(总部等)设在
base ... on/upon 把……建立在……的基础上
be based on/upon 以……为基础/根据
6. on a ...basis 根据；以……的方式(基准）
①You should base your conclusion _______ careful research.
②On the basis __ these facts, we can draw the conclusion that he is guilty.
③I have formed the habit of getting up early and exercising ________________.
我养成了每天早起和锻炼的习惯。
on/upon
of
on a daily basis
练习
be superior to 比……更好；更胜一筹
be junior to sb 比某人年龄小/职位低
be senior to sb 比某人年长/职位高
be inferior to sb/sth 比……差/级别低
7. superior adj.更好的；占优势的；(在级别或重要性上)更高的
superior与to搭配构成比较级，表示“比……更好”，不能用than。
注意
①Please let me introduce Tim to you，who is my superior officer. ______
②This computer is superior in many aspects to that one. ______
③You can stand there and feel superior as you point and laugh at them. ________
更高的
更好的
占优势的
练习
④Dad proposed that we should walk along the river and nothing was better than that.
→Dad proposed that we should walk along the river and nothing ____________________．
was superior to that
take off 起飞；匆匆离去；脱下；大获成功
take on 呈现；雇用；承担
take in 包括；吸收；理解；欺骗；收留
take up 占据；开始从事
8. take over 占上风；取而代之；接管；接手
①When Mr Green retired, his son took ____ the business from him.
②Don't be taken __ by products promising to make you lose weight quickly.
③Smartphones not only take __ our valuable time, but also do great harm to our health.
④The village _______________________ thanks to the good economic policies from the government.
多亏了政府好的经济政策，这个村庄呈现出新的面貌。
over
in
up
has taken on a new look
练习
conflict n．矛盾；冲突 vt.冲突；抵触
in conflict with 与……有冲突
come into conflict with 与……产生冲突
9. conflict with 与……冲突或抵触
①The two countries have been __ conflict with each other for decades.
②It's obvious that our interests conflict ____ yours.
③They came ____ conflict with the local villagers because of a heated quarrel.
④For one thing, reading about fashion can make our lives more colourful. For another, fashion is an essential part of our lives which _________________________________．
一方面，阅读时尚书籍可以使我们的生活更加丰富多彩。另一方面，时尚是我们生活中很重要的一部分，这和我们的学习并不冲突。
in
with
into
练习
doesn't conflict with our studies
turn up 调高(音量等)；出现
turn down 调低(音量等)；拒绝
turn in 上交；交还，退还
turn on 打开(水、煤气、电灯等)
turn off 关闭(水、煤气、电灯等)
turn to 向……求助；致力于；翻到(书的某页)；查阅；转向
10. turn out 关掉；熄灭；在场；使朝外；结果是
①Some famous Chinese artists will turn __ and perform at the exhibition.
②The hall was full, and hundreds of fans had to be turned _____．
③The moment the bell rang, all the students turned __ their papers immediately.
④I often _______________________________________．As a result, I have made steady progress in my studies.
我经常向同学或老师求助，因此我在学习上不断取得进步。
up
down
in
turn to my classmates or teachers for help
练习
fall over 倒下；摔倒；被……绊倒
fall down 跌倒
fall off 从……摔下(其后直接跟宾语)
fall behind 落后；落在……后面
fall in love with (sb/sp)爱上(某人/某地)
11. fall away (逐渐)减少；消失
①When some fell _______, others would come and offer help.
②His supporters fell ____ as his popularity declined.
③But in winter, when leaves fall ___ trees, they also fly away.
④Many foreign tourists _______________________________
___ they pay a visit to this great country.
很多外国游客在第一次访问中国这个伟大的国家时，就爱上了它。
behind　
away　
off
fall in love with China the first time
练习
(1)have/feel an urge to do sth 有强烈的欲望做某事
(2)urge sth/sb on 催促某物/某人前进
urge sb to do sth 催促某人做某事
urge that ...(should) do sth 极力主张/强调……做某事
It is urged that ...(should) do sth
极力主张/强调……做某事
(3)urgent adj.紧急的；迫切的
12. urge n．强烈的欲望；冲动 vt.催促；力劝；大力推荐
①The student has an urge_________ (study) harder and get good grades.
②I make an _______(urge) appeal that measures should be taken to cope with the situation.
③Parents urge their children _______ (take) advantage of the opportunity.
④________________________________________________________________ (把句③转换成复合句)
to study
urgent
to take
Parents urge that their children (should) take advantage of the opportunity.
练习
　As a favour, Tony promised to help Claire make herself more beautiful and her home more elegant.
作为一项恩惠，托尼答应帮助克莱尔，把她变得更漂亮些，也把她的家变得更雅致些。
本句为“make＋宾语＋宾语补足语”的复合结构，其用法如下：
(1)此结构中，宾语补足语可由名词或形容词、省略to的动词不定式、过去分词(短语)或介词短语充当；
(2)当该结构中的宾语是动词不定式(短语)或从句时，多用it作形式宾语，而把动词不定式(短语)或从句后置。
1.句型：make＋宾语＋宾语补足语
课文
原句
讲解
　(1)make sb do sth结构变为被动语态时，省略的动词不定式符号to要补上。
(2)make后接名词作宾语补足语时，若作宾语补足语的名词是独一无二的职位，如president、chairman、monitor、headmaster、manager、 head、 captain等，则该名词前不用任何冠词。
注意
①Can you make yourself __________ (understand) in Russian
②We are often made _________ (retell) the texts，which is beneficial to our English study.
③We're all delighted to ___________________________．
我们都很高兴选李阳为我们班的班长。
understood
to retell
make Li Yang monitor of our class
练习
As she turned around, there stood Gladys Claffern.
当她转过身来，却看到格拉迪丝·克拉芬正站在那里。
本句中there stood Gladys Claffern为完全倒装句型。使用完全倒装句的几种情况：
(1)将here、 there、 now、 then、 in、 out、 off、 away等表示地点或时间的副词或者介词短语置于句首，谓语动词是be、 come、 go、 remain、 lie、 run等，且主语为名词时，用完全倒装；
(2)主系表结构中，作表语的形容词、分词置于句首时用完全倒装；
(3)such作表语置于句首时用完全倒装。
2. 句型：完全倒装句型
课文
原句
讲解
在完全倒装句型中，谓语动词的数要与后面主语的数一致。完全倒装的主语必须是名词，如果主语是人称代词则不用倒装。
注意
①In the dark corner of the room，the cat jumped up and caught the mouse.
→In the dark corner of the room，__________________ and caught the mouse.(完全倒装)
②Wild flowers were growing over the mountain，whose names he didn't know.
→___________________________________________, whose names he didn't know.(完全倒装)
up jumped the cat
Growing over the mountain were wild flowers
练习
③_______________________, who is full of integrity, wisdom, dignity and positive energy.
这就是我们的女主席，她充满了正直、智慧、尊严和正能量。
Such is our chairwoman
练习
3. 句型：It is/was ...that/who ...强调句型
句中It was at ten o'clock today that ...为强调句型， 强调时间状语 at ten o'clock today。
(1)强调句型的基本结构：It is/was＋被强调部分＋that/who＋句子其他部分，多用于强调句子主语、宾语、表语和状语。
It was at ten o'clock today that the first of all Time
Machines began its career.
上午十点，所有时间机器中的第一台启动了其运转之旅。
课文
原句
讲解
①______ because Jack came late for school ____ Mr Smith got angry
史密斯先生很生气是因为杰克上学迟到吗？
②________________ made his parents so happy
是什么使他父母这么高兴？
Was it
that
What was it that
(2)强调句型的一般疑问句：Is/Was it ＋被强调部分＋that/who＋句子其他部分？
(3)强调句型的特殊疑问句：疑问词＋is/was＋it＋that＋句子其他部分？
(4)not ...until ...结构的强调句型：It is/was not until ＋被强调部分＋ that ＋句子其他部分。
练习
③Although Yang did not get the best scores on every single test, ___________________________________________ finally won him the status of China's first astronaut.
虽然杨(利伟)并非每项测试都得了最高分，但他各项心理测试所得的高分最终为他赢得了中国首位宇航员的身份。
④She didn't mention her own plan until near the end of the letter.
→___________________________________________________________________________ (强调句型)
it was his high scores on the psychological tests that
It was not until near the end of the letter that she mentioned her own plan.
练习
4. 句型：as if引导方式状语从句
Night came as if a lamp was being turned out, and in another moment came the day.
夜幕降临了，仿佛一盏灯正在熄灭，转眼间，白昼就来临了。
as if＝as though，意为“仿佛；好像”，用来引导方式状语从句和表语从句。
课文
原句
讲解
as if/though所引导的从句中的语气及时态的用法如下：
讲解
as if/though引导状语从句时，若主、从句主语一致，从句谓语中又含有be动词时，从句中的主语和be动词常常可以省略，从句就变成“as if/though＋形容词/名词/介词短语/分词/动词不定式”。
讲解
①The kids are very friendly to her and even look up to her as if she ____ (be) their own mother.
②Jack wasn't saying anything but the teacher smiled at him as if he ________ (do) something very clever.
③As can be seen from the picture, a boy is burdened with such heavy homework that it seems ___________________
_________________________________________________．
正如图画上所看到的一样，一个男孩肩负着如此沉重的作业以至于他看上去好像再也承受不住了。
were　
had done
as if he can hardly bear it any more
练习
谢谢观看