浙江省2022-2023学年名校试卷分类汇编-03 阅读理解--新题速递（原卷版+解析版）

03 阅读理解 说明文--新题速递
浙江省2022-2023学年名校试卷分类汇编
（解析版）
1.（2022学年第一学期浙江省七彩阳光新高考研究联盟返校联考）
Whether you're a citizen, consumer or investor, it is fast becoming a key life skill to make out greenwashing, a word meaning a company claims that its products are environmentally friendly but actually not green at all. Misleading or not proved claims about benefits to climate can make it harder for people to make informed decisions. They can also weaken real efforts by companies to clean up their act and deal with the climate crisis.
The basic problem is a lack of clarity. Indeed, when it comes to spotting greenwashing, it can actually be more helpful to focus on the color grey—because it is the many grey areas that have helped make greenwashing appear in particular places. These grey areas might be around measurements, definitions, best practice, standards or regulations. Even the language we use is very imprecise, leaving lots of room for vagueness, confusion or complete cheating. For instance, what do words such as “green”, “sustainable” and “eco” even mean You have no standards, measurements or definitions to judge by.
These problems are increasingly important when it comes to the greenwashing of investment products, such as pensions and investment funds. In recent years, there has been a sharp rise in consumer demand for funds that invest according to environmental, social and governance criteria, often referred to as ESG funds. According to the financial data provider Morningstar, the value of assets(资产) held in UK funds grew from 29bn at the beginning of 2017 to 71bn by the end of 2020.
With that much money at risk for high profits, misleading claims can effectively hamper the flow of money and resources into really green new plans and businesses, preventing global efforts from dealing with the climate emergency. “I describe it as the 'teenage years' of responsible investing, with a lot of experimentation, and a lot of people trying out new things.” says Ashley Hamilton Claxton.
4. Which of the following can be called greenwashing
A. A product that is claimed to benefit the climate.
B. A product that can been washed in a green way.
C. A product that is absolutely environmentally friendly.
D. A product that is claimed to be green while not the case.
5. What's the major cause of the problem of greenwashing
A. The product's description is not clear.
B. The language isn't grammatically right.
C. There are no such words as “sustainable”.
D. The company doesn't say it's “green” and “eco”.
6. What does the underlined word “hamper” probably mean
A. put B. clarify C. stop D. divide
7. What can you infer from the last paragraph
A. Much money enables high profits
B. Responsible investing is still at its early stage.
C. More money is invested in real green businesses.
D. A lot of people are unwilling to try out new things.
【答案】4. D 5. A 6. C 7. B
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍了由于对漂绿的描述不清晰，导致了许多投资不能流入真正的绿色行业，阻碍了全球协作去处理气候紧急情况这一社会现象。
【4题详解】
细节理解题。根据第一段“Whether you're a citizen, consumer or investor, it is fast becoming a key life skill to make out greenwashing, a word meaning a company claims that its products are environmentally friendly but actually not green at all.”(无论你是市民，消费者还是投资者，理解漂绿正在快速成为一种关键的生活技巧，漂绿意思是一个公司声称他的产品是环境友好的，但实际上根本不是绿色的。)可知，漂绿声称是绿色的，然而事实情况不是这样的。故选D。
【5题详解】
细节理解题。根据第二段“The basic problem is a lack of clarity. Indeed, when it comes to spotting greenwashing, it can actually be more helpful to focus on the color grey—because it is the many grey areas that have helped make greenwashing appear in particular places.”(根本问题是不清晰。实际上，当谈到漂绿的时候，关注灰色会更有帮助——因为是许多灰色地带帮助让漂绿出现在特定的地方。)可知，导致漂绿问题的主要原因是对其的阐述不清晰，存在许多灰色地带。故选A。
【6题详解】
词义猜测题。根据最后一段“preventing global efforts from dealing with the climate emergency.”(阻止全球协作处理气候紧急情况。)可以推测出，错误的声明实际上阻碍钱和资源流入真正绿色的新计划和业务中，才会阻止全球协作处理气候紧急情况。A. put放；B. clarify阐明；C. stop停止，阻拦；D. divide分开。所以hamper应与选项C. stop同义，意为阻止，阻碍。故选C。
【7题详解】
推理判断题。根据最后一段“I describe it as the 'teenage years' of responsible investing, …”(我认为负责任的投资处于‘青少年时期’)可知，负责任的投资还处于早期阶段。故选B。
2.（2022学年第一学期浙江省七彩阳光新高考研究联盟返校联考）
Harvesting drinking water from wet air around the clock Now this technology is close to the theoretical ideal aim.
As real-world tests on the roof of an ETH building in Zurich revealed, the new technology can produce at least twice as much water per area per day as the best current passive technologies: the small experimental system with a pane (一格玻璃) diameter of 10 centimeters delivered 4.6 milliliters of water per day under real-world conditions. Larger devices with larger panes would generate more water as a result.
The researchers demonstrated that under ideal conditions, they could harvest up to 0.53 decilitres of water per square meter of pane surface per hour. “This is close to the theoretical maximum of 0.6 decilitres per hour, which is physically the greatest amount.” Iwan H chler says. He is a doctoral student in Dimos Poulikakos's (ETH Zurich) Thermodynamics Group.
Other technologies typically necessitate wiping condensed (冷凝的) water from a surface, which requires energy. Without this step, a large portion of the condensed water would hold on to the surface and become unusable, preventing further condensation. The ETH Zurich researchers coated the underside of the pane in their water condenser with a novel superhydrophobic (extremely water-resistant) coating. As a result, the condensed water beads up and runs or jumps off on its own. “Unlike other technologies, ours can truly function without any additional energy, which is a significant advantage,” H chler said.
The researchers’ goal was to create a technology for water-stressed countries, particularly developing and emerging economies. They believe that now is the time for other scientists to further develop this technology or combine it with other methods, such as water desalination, to increase their yield. The coating of the panes is relatively simple, and larger water condensers than the current pilot system should be possible. Several water condensers could be positioned side by side to piece together a large-scale system, similar to how solar cells have several modules set up next to each other.
8. Why are the numbers used in Paragraph 2-3
A. To show the strengths of the present technology.
B. To explain the theory of a new water collecting device.
C. To demonstrate the great difficulty the researchers met.
D. To make vivid the close-to-ideal efficiency of the new technology
9. What’s the unique advantage of the new technology
A. It uses a device to wipe off condensed water.
B. It enables the water drops to run off by itself.
C. It consumes a very small amount of energy.
D. It has the upside of the pane specially coated.
10. What can we learn from the last paragraph
A. The new technology has been put into use
B. Other scientists have been improving the device.
C. Developed countries are in great need of this device.
D. It may take some time to further develop the technology.
【答案】8. D 9. B 10. D
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述的是已接近理想高效状态的全天候从潮湿的空气中收集饮用水的新技术的优势以及前景。
【8题详解】
推理判断题。根据文章第一段“Harvesting drinking water from wet air around the clock Now this technology is close to the theoretical ideal aim.(全天候从潮湿的空气中收集饮用水 目前该技术已接近理论理想目标。)”以及文章第二段“As real-world tests on the roof of an ETH building in Zurich revealed, the new technology can produce at least twice as much water per area per day as the best current passive technologies:(在苏黎世一座ETH建筑的屋顶上进行的真实测试表明，这项新技术每天每区域产生的水至少是目前最好的被动技术的两倍：)”以及文章第三段“The researchers demonstrated that under ideal conditions, they could harvest up to 0.53 decilitres of water per square meter of pane surface per hour. (研究人员证明，在理想的条件下，他们每小时每平方米的玻璃表面可以收获高达0.53分升的水。)”可知第二段和第三段提到的数字是为了更生动地展示新技术的接近理想的高效状态。故选D项。
【9题详解】
细节理解题。根据文章第四段“The ETH Zurich researchers coated the underside of the pane in their water condenser with a novel superhydrophobic (extremely water-resistant) coating. As a result, the condensed water beads up and runs or jumps off on its own. “Unlike other technologies, ours can truly function without any additional energy, which is a significant advantage,”(苏黎世联邦理工学院的研究人员在水冷凝器的玻璃底部涂上了一种新型的极耐水涂层。结果，凝结的水珠会上升，自己跑开或跳开。“与其他技术不同，我们的技术可以在不需要额外能源的情况下真正发挥作用，这是一个显著的优势。”)”可知这项新技术的独特之处在于这一集水装置不需要使用能源，而是使用了一种特殊涂层使得水滴形成并自动掉落。故选B项。
【10题详解】
推理判断题。根据文章最后一段“The researchers’ goal was to create a technology for water-stressed countries, particularly developing and emerging economies. They believe that now is the time for other scientists to further develop this technology or combine it with other methods, such as water desalination, to increase their yield.(研究人员的目标是为水资源紧张的国家创造一种技术，特别是发展中国家和新兴经济体。他们认为，现在是其他科学家进一步开发这项技术的时候了，或者将其与其他方法结合起来，比如海水淡化，以提高产量。)”可知这一装置需要其他科学家进一步改进或与其他手段结合，所以改进还需要一点时间。故选D项。
3.（浙江省2022-2023学年山水联盟高三上学期8月联考英语试题 ）
Back in November 2019, Alessandra Mascaro, a volunteer working at the Ozouga Chimpanzee Project in Loango National Park, Gabon, West Africa, saw something she couldn’t quite believe — one of the apes named Suzee noticed her son Sia had hurt his foot. After seemingly thinking about the best course of action, she then plucked an insect out of the air, licked it and applied it to the wound.
Mascaro captured the whole touching moment on film and showed her tutor, Dr. Tobias Deschner, a zoologist working for Ozouga. The Ozouga team then set about monitoring the chimpanzees in the park and looking for other examples of the behaviour. Over the following 15 months they captured 76 incidences of the apes applying insects to wounds on themselves or other group members. The researchers are uncertain why the chimps use the insects, or even which insects they are, but suspect they might have lenitive properties that could provide pain relief.
However, the finding really proves that the act of applying an insect to treat other’s wounds is a clear example of prosocial behaviour (亲社会行为) that echoes the acts of empathy displayed by human beings. “This is, for me, especially breathtaking because so many people doubt prosocial abilities in other animals. Suddenly we have a species where we really see individuals caring for others,” Deschner said.
The team now aims to identify the insects being used by the chimpanzees and investigate who is applying insects to whom to establish whether the behaviour is based on a social rank. “We need to still put much more effort into studying great apes because it is crucial to shed light on our own cognitive evolution,” said Deschner.
8. How did Suzee treat her son’s wound
A. By licking the injury. B. By adopting an easy way.
C. By using a certain insect. D. By preventing the infection.
9. Which of the following can best replace the word “lenitive” in Paragraph 2
A. Original. B. Relieving.
C. Refreshing. D. Resistant.
10. What can be inferred from the Ozouga team’s study
A. Apes are capable of caring for others.
B. Chimps can distinguish useful insects.
C. Prosocial abilities come from imitation.
D. Social ranks decide the power of empathy.
11. What does Deschner think of the finding
A. It remains a mystery. B. It facilitates evolution.
C. It highlights apes’ intelligence. D. It clarifies people’s doubt.
【答案】8. C 9. B 10. A 11. D
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍了通过不断的观察，人们发现了黑猩猩的亲社会行为。
【8题详解】
细节理解题。根据第一段中“After seemingly thinking about the best course of action, she then plucked an insect out of the air, licked it and applied it to the wound.（在似乎考虑了最佳的行动方案之后，她从空中抓了一只昆虫，舔了舔，然后把它敷在伤口上）”可知，苏西是用一种虫子，来治疗她儿子的伤口的，故选C项。
【9题详解】
词句猜测题。根据第二段中划线词后的句子“that could provide pain relief.（这可以缓解疼痛）”可知，上文划线部分的lenitive与relieving“缓解的”同意，故选B项。
【10题详解】
推理判断题。根据第三段中“Suddenly we have a species where we really see individuals caring for others（突然间，我们有了一个物种，在那里我们真正看到了个体关心他人）”可知，奥佐加团队的研究发现类人猿具有照顾他人的能力，故选A项。
【11题详解】
推理判断题。根据第三段中“‘This is, for me, especially breathtaking because so many people doubt prosocial abilities in other animals. Suddenly we have a species where we really see individuals caring for others,’ Deschner said.（“对我来说，这尤其令人震惊，因为太多人怀疑其他动物的亲社会能力。突然，我们有了一个物种，我们真的看到了个体照顾他人，” 德施纳说）”可知，德施纳认为这项发现澄清了人们的疑虑，故选D项。4.(2023届浙江省杭州第二中学新高三上学期适应性测试英语试题)
Although it is a business not many are aware of, sidewalk robots are set to become an industry with annual sales of $Ibn within a decade, reckons IDTechEx, a British firm of analysts. These four-or six-wheeled autonomous machines, usually the size of a suitcase, are already delivering groceries and other goods in America, China and Europe.
That puts them ahead of many driverless cars, vans and lorries being developed. Those bigger vehicles are held back not by technology but regulation, says Zehao Li of IDTechEx. So having a "safety driver" on board ready to take over if there is a problem, which is hardly labor-saving.
For these larger contraptions regulators want to see safety systems thoroughly proved. But there are legal hurdles, too. In January Britain's Law Commission, which reviews legislation, recommended that it should not be the person in the driver's seat who faces prosecution if a vehicle in autonomous mode crashes, but the manufacturer or body that sought approval for its use.
Meanwhile, sidewalk robots are getting on with the job. Among them, Starship Technologies, based in San Francisco, reckons it has already clocked up more than 2.5m deliveries with bots in a number of cities, university campuses and business parks in Europe and America. Amazon is carrying out trials with a similar sort of machine it calls Scout. Kiwibot, a Colombian startup, is making sidewalk deliveries in Califomia.
Typically, these robots carry a few bags of groceries using a variety of sensors, including cameras, radar and GPS to navigate and avoid obstacles and people. Their progress can be monitored on a phone app, which also unlocks them for goods to be retrieved. As they are small. move slowly(Starship's bots might reach a heady 6kph) and are "telemonitored" by people in a control room who can take over, authorities seem more willing to give them a green light.
Such robots are also becoming more autonomous. In January Serve Robotics, another San Franciscan firm whose backers include Uber, a ride-hailing giant, said it had deployed a new sidewalk bot with "level 4"autonomy, which means it can operate without telemonitoring in some predesignated areas.
Robotic versions which operate on roads but have no driver's cab are also appearing. Nuro, a Silicon Valley firm, makes one about the size of a small car that can carry 24 bags of groceries. It has chilled and heated compartments for food and drinks. Further along the road in earning their keep, these delivery bots are helping to pave the way for the time when bigger autonomous vehicles can join them.
8．What can we learn from paragraph one
A．Sidewalk robots are portable like a suitcase.
B．In the past decade, Ibn dollars have been invested into industry.
C．The delivery industries of the US, China and Europe are dependent on sidewalk robots.
D．The industry of sidewalk robot is expanding unknowingly.
9．According to the passage, who should be responsible for automatic driving car accidents
A．Safety drivers seated in the driver's seat.
B．Every passenger except the driver.
C．Organizations supportive of autonomous mode.
D．Manufacturers and bodies seeking approval for using safety drivers.
10．What does the underlined phrase in paragraph four mean
A．reached B．Designed
B．bought D．Invented
11．Which of the following statements is NOT true according to the passage
A．Amazon is using Scout to deliver groceries for people.
B．If groceries are wrongly delivered, robots can take them back.
C．Some robots may deliver groceries with no one telemonitoring them.
D．Both cold and hot food can be preserved inside a sidewalk robot developed by Nuro.
【答案】8．D 9．C 10．A 11．A
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了人行道上的自动用货机器人的应用、发展以及意义。
8．推理判断题。根据第一段第一句话“Although it is a business not many are aware of, sidewalk robots are set to become an industry with annual sales of $Ibn within a decade, reckons IDTechEx, a British firm of analysts. （英国分析公司IDTechEx估计，尽管人行道机器人是一个没有多少人意识到的行业，但它将在十年内成为一个年销售额为10亿美元的行业。）”可推知，人行道机器人这个行业在没有人过多关注的情况下不断的扩张。故选D。
9．细节理解题。根据第三段第三句话“In January Britain's Law Commission, which reviews legislation, recommended that it should not be the person in the driver's seat who faces prosecution if a vehicle in autonomous mode crashes, but the manufacturer or body that sought approval for its use.（今年1月，负责审查立法的英国法律委员会建议，如果自动驾驶模式下的车辆发生碰撞，将面临起诉的不应是驾驶座上的人，而应是寻求批准其使用的制造商或机构。）”可知，如果自动驾驶模式下发生车祸，那么负责人的应该是寻求批准其使用的制造商或机构。故选C。
10．短语猜测题。根据划线短语后面的部分“more than 2.5m deliveries with bots in a number of cities, university campuses and business parks in Europe and America（在欧洲、美国的一些城市、大学校园和商业园区多于250万辆机器人被交付使用）”可知，其中，总部位于旧金山的星际科技公司估计，在欧洲、美国的一些城市、大学校园和商业园区，已经有超过250万辆机器人被交付使用。所以clocked up的意思为“达到”。故选A。
11．推理判断题。根据第四段倒数第二句话“Amazon is carrying out trials with a similar sort of machine it calls Scout. （亚马逊正在使用一种类似的机器进行试验，该机器被称为Scout。）”可推知，Scout正在实验阶段，并没有投入使用。所以A项“亚马逊正在使用Scout为人们提供食品杂货。”表述错误。故选A。
5.(2023届浙江省杭州第二中学新高三上学期适应性测试英语试题)
Parents, teachers and caregivers have long suspected the magic of storytelling to calm kids. Researchers have now quantified the biological and emotional benefits of a well-told tale.
“We know that narrative has the power to transport us to another world,” says Guilherme Brockington from Brazil’s Federal University. “Earlier research suggested that stories help children process and regulate their emotions — but this was mostly conducted in a laboratory, with subjects answering questions while lying inside functional MRI machines. There are few studies on biological and psychological effects of storytelling in a more commonplace hospital setting.”
So investigators working in several Brazilian hospitals split a total of 81 patients aged 4 to 11 into two groups, matching them with storytellers who had a decade of hospital experience. In one group, the storyteller led each child in playing a riddle game. In the other, youngsters chose books and listened as the storyteller read them aloud. Before and after these sessions, the researchers took spit samples from each child, then asked them to report their pain levels and conducted a free-association word quiz.
Children in both groups benefited measurably from the interactions; they showed lower levels of cortisol — the stress-related hormone and higher levels of oxytocin, which is often described as a feel-good hormone. Yet kids in the storytelling group benefited significantly more: their cortisol levels were a quarter of those in the riddle group, and their oxytocin levels were nearly twice as high. Those who heard stories also reported pain levels dropping almost twice as much as those in the riddle group, and they used more positive words to describe their hospital stay.
The study demonstrates that playing games or simply interacting with someone can relax kids and improve their outlook but that hearing stories has an especially dramatic effect. The researchers “really tried to control the social interaction component of the storyteller, which I think was the key,” says Raymond Mar, a psychologist at York University who was not involved in the new research.
Next, the investigators plan to study how long these effects last, along with storytelling’s potential benefits to kids with particular illnesses such as cancer. For now Brockington says the results indicate storytelling is a low-cost and extremely efficient way to help improve health outcomes in a variety of settings. Mar agrees. “It’s very promising and scalable,” he says, “and possibly generalizable.”
12．What is the second paragraph mainly about
A．The effects of story-telling on children.
B．The limitations of the earlier research.
C．The methods used in earlier studies.
D．The major breakthroughs achieved so far.
13．The underlined word “scalable” in the last paragraph is closest in meaning to _________.
A．accessible B．comparable C．adjustable D．readable
14．Which of the following is TRUE about the study conducted in Brazilian hospitals
A．It measured participants’ blood levels.
B．It divided subjects into groups of 81.
C．It quantified the benefits of story-telling.
D．It compared impact of two types of story-telling.
15．The conclusion drawn from the study is that ________.
A．listening to stories reduces pain and stress in hospitalized kids
B．interacting with others improves sick kids’ mental sharpness
C．story telling has potential benefits for kids with cancers
D．riddle guessing is as effective as storytelling in helping sick kids
【答案】12．B 13．A 14．C 15．A
【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要讲的是研究人员现在已经量化了一个讲得好的故事在生理和情感上的好处。
12．主旨大意题。根据第二段的“Earlier research suggested that stories help children process and regulate their emotions — but this was mostly conducted in a laboratory, with subjects answering questions while lying inside functional MRI machines. There are few studies on biological and psychological effects of storytelling in a more commonplace hospital setting.(早些时候的研究表明，故事有助于儿童处理和调节他们的情绪——但这主要是在实验室中进行的，受试者躺在功能性核磁共振成像仪里回答问题。很少有关于在更常见的医院环境中讲故事对生物和心理影响的研究。)”可知，第二段主要讲的是早期研究的局限性。故选B。
13．词句猜测题。根据最后一段的“the results indicate storytelling is a low-cost and extremely efficient way to help improve health outcomes in a variety of settings(研究结果表明，讲故事是一种低成本且极其有效的方法，可以帮助改善各种环境下的健康状况)”可知，这种方法是可行的，可使用的，scalable和accessible(可使用的)意思相近，故选A。
14．细节理解题。根据第四段的“Children in both groups benefited measurably from the interactions; they showed lower levels of cortisol — the stress-related hormone and higher levels of oxytocin, which is often described as a feel-good hormone. Yet kids in the storytelling group benefited significantly more: their cortisol levels were a quarter of those in the riddle group, and their oxytocin levels were nearly twice as high.(两组儿童都从互动中获益；他们的皮质醇（一种与压力相关的激素）水平较低，而催产素（一种常被描述为让人感觉良好的激素）水平较高。然而，讲故事组的孩子明显受益更多：他们的皮质醇水平是谜语组的四分之一，催产素水平几乎是谜语组的两倍。)”可知，巴西医院进行的研究量化了讲故事的好处。故选C。
15．推理判断题。根据第四段的“Those who heard stories also reported pain levels dropping almost twice as much as those in the riddle group, and they used more positive words to describe their hospital stay.(那些听故事的人报告的疼痛水平下降幅度几乎是听谜语的人的两倍，而且他们使用了更积极的词汇来描述他们的住院情况。)”和倒数第二段的“The study demonstrates that playing games or simply interacting with someone can relax kids and improve their outlook but that hearing stories has an especially dramatic effect.(该研究表明，玩游戏或与人互动可以让孩子放松，改善他们的人生观，但听故事的效果尤其显著。)”可知，这项研究得出的结论是听故事可以减轻住院儿童的痛苦和压力，故选A。
6.（浙江省嘉兴市第一中学2022-2023学年高三上学期期中检测）
The traditional Chinese lunar calendar divides the year into 24 solar terms, which reflect the Chinese people’s understanding of time. Here several special solar terms are listed.
Rain Water
Rain Water signals the increase in rainfall and rise in temperature. With its arrival, the river water defreezes, wild geese move from south to north, and trees and grass turn green again. Extra care is needed to cope with a returning cold spell in this period. The wet and damp weather during Rain Water period is considered harmful for people’s spleen (脾) and stomach according to Chinese medical practice. Therefore, a bowl of nutritious porridge is the best choice to nourish the body.
Awakening of Insects
As the third solar term in the lunar year, its name implies that animals sleeping in winter are awakened by spring thunder and that the earth begins to come back to life. It is the key time for spring agricultural activities. Modern meteorological science shows that around this period, the earth becomes wet, the hot humid air from the north is strong and creates frequent winds. For this reason, thunder often occurs.
Spring Equinox
Spring Equinox signals the equal length of the day and night time. On the day of the Spring Equinox, the sun is directly above the equator. After the equinox, the sun moves northwards, resulting in gradually longer day time in the Northern Hemisphere. Standing an egg upright is a popular game during this period. It is believed that if someone can make the egg stand, he will have good luck in the future.
Grain Rain
Grain Rain originates from the old saying, “Rain brings up the growth of hundreds of grains", which shows that this period of rainfall is extremely important for the growth of crops and people are busy working on the land. Grain Rain falls between the end of' spring and the beginning of summer, with infrequent cold air moving to the south and lingering cold air in the north. With dry soil, an unsteady atmosphere and heavy winds and sandstorms become more frequent.
21．What can we know about Rain Water
A．River water starts to freeze.
B．Taking off the thick coats is advisable.
C．Lively spring-like scenery can be seen.
D．It falls between the end of spring and the start of summer.
22．What do Awakening of Insects and Grain Rain have in common
A．Farming season. B．Animal activities.
C．Air temperature. D．Frequent thundering.
23．In which solar term would people most probably put on masks
A．Rain Water. B．Grain Rain.
C．Spring Equinox. D．Awakening of Insects.
【答案】21．C 22．A 23．B
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了中国24节气中的“雨水”、“惊蛰”、“春分”和“谷雨”这四个节气，让我们进一步了解这四个节气的气候和习俗。
21．细节理解题。根据第二段第二句“With its arrival, the river water defreezes, wild geese move from south to north, and trees and grass turn green again.(随着它的到来，河水解冻，大雁由南向北迁徙，树木和草又变绿了)”可知，雨水之后热闹的春色随处可见。故选C项。
22．判断推理题。根据第三段中“It is the key time for spring agricultural activities.(这是春季农业活动的关键时期)”可知，惊蛰是农业的关键，以及最后一段第一句“Grain Rain originates from the old saying, ‘Rain brings up the growth of hundreds of grains’, which shows that this period of rainfall is extremely important for the growth of crops and people are busy working on the land.(谷雨源于古语“雨生百谷”，说明这一时期的降雨对农作物的生长极为重要，人们正忙于耕作)”结合来看，可得知惊蛰和谷雨这两个节气对农业来说都很重要，是耕作的季节。故选A项。
23．推理判断题。根据最后一段最后一句“With dry soil, an unsteady atmosphere and heavy winds and sandstorms become more frequent.(由于土壤干燥，大气不稳定和强风，沙尘暴变得更加频繁)”可推测，在谷雨时沙尘暴经常出现，所以人们最可能需要佩戴口罩保护自己。故选B项。
7.（浙江省嘉兴市第一中学2022-2023学年高三上学期期中检测）
The British Council’s Active Citizens program has provided hundreds of thousands of people worldwide with the social leadership skills to address some of the big challenges of the 21st century.
Since arriving in Iraq in 2015, Active Citizens has trained more than 180 young people, who have reached a further 4,000 people through projects focusing on health awareness, employability and so on. Through two local organizations in Iraq, the first Active Citizens program trained a host of young people from local communities. With a focus on youth voice, the training achieved high levels of participation from girls and many called it a turning point in their lives.
“On day one, when I started the training, I thought I would have nothing to give. By the last day, I discovered I have buried skills, and how I can be of great value to help others and change their lives positively,” says one girl. Through the training, the participants were introduced to different ways of creating change and learned the important role dialogue plays in communities. The training prepared them to take the first important steps towards making a positive difference in people’s lives.
Active Citizens program has so far started 16 social action projects, working with women’s groups, schools and local communities. A project by participants from the Iraq Women Association has delivered job-readiness skills training to 55 young women looking for work. After learning new IT and interview skills and receiving support to create CVs, five of the participants found jobs directly after the training. The women are also being encouraged to pass their new skills to other young women looking for jobs in their communities.
These are just two examples of the significant impact Iraq’s Active Citizens has achieved in just a short space of time. As time goes by, we can look forward to greater impact in the future.
28．How did the Active Citizens program reach 4,000 people in Iraq
A．By word of mouth. B．Through different projects.
C．By hosting various meetings. D．Through visits to local schools.
29．What did the girl find after finishing the training in Paragraph 3
A．She has nothing to give. B．She could be employed.
C．She could voice her opinion. D．She has some hidden talents.
30．What’s the main purpose of the project by Iraq Women Association
A．To raise people’s awareness of health. B．To teach band new computer knowledge.
C．To improve people’s employability skills. D．To provide support on how to create CVs.
31．Which of the following is the best title for the text
A．How the Active Citizens Program Works
B．Active Citizens Helps Recognize Your Skills
C．Special Projects Are Designed for Young People
D．Girls in Iraq Are Making a Difference to the World
【答案】28．B 29．D 30．C 31．A
【导语】这是一篇说明文。英国文化协会的“积极公民计划”为全球数十万人提供了社会领导技能，以应对21世纪的一些重大挑战。文章主要介绍了“积极公民计划”具体的开展过程以及人们对其的看法。
28．细节理解题。根据第二段中“Since arriving in Iraq in 2015, Active Citizens has trained more than 180 young people, who have reached a further 4,000 people through projects focusing on health awareness, employability and so on.(自2015年抵达伊拉克以来，“积极公民”组织已经培训了180多名年轻人，并通过注重健康意识、就业能力等项目为另外4000人提供了培训)”可知，“积极公民计划”是通过不同的项目在伊拉克影响到4000人的。故选B。
29．细节理解题。根据第三段中““On day one, when I started the training, I thought I would have nothing to give. By the last day, I discovered I have buried skills, and how I can be of great value to help others and change their lives positively,” says one girl.(一个女孩说：“第一天，当我开始训练的时候，我以为我没什么可以奉献的了。到最后一天，我发现我已经埋没了技能，我可以为帮助他人和积极改变他们的生活发挥巨大的价值。”)”可知，女孩在完成第3段的训练后发现了她有一些隐藏的才能。故选D。
30．细节理解题。根据倒数第二段中“A project by participants from the Iraq Women Association has delivered job-readiness skills training to 55 young women looking for work. After learning new IT and interview skills and receiving support to create CVs, five of the participants found jobs directly after the training.(伊拉克妇女协会参与者的一个项目向55名找工作的年轻妇女提供了就业准备技能培训。在学习了新的信息技术和面试技巧，并获得了创建简历的支持后，其中5名参与者在培训结束后直接找到了工作)”可知，伊拉克妇女协会这个项目的主要目的是提高人们的就业技能。故选C。
31．主旨大意题。根据第一段“The British Council’s Active Citizens program has provided hundreds of thousands of people worldwide with the social leadership skills to address some of the big challenges of the 21st century. (英国文化协会的“积极公民计划”为全球数十万人提供了社会领导技能，以应对21世纪的一些重大挑战)”结合文章主要介绍了“积极公民计划”具体的开展过程以及人们对其的看法。可知，A选项“积极公民计划如何运作”最符合文章标题。故选A。
8.（浙江省嘉兴市第一中学2022-2023学年高三上学期期中检测）
Words can show what’s going on in our heads — and pronouns, in particular, may show where our attention is aimed. “You can be focused on yourself for many reasons,” says James Pennebaker, a psychologist at the University of Texas. “Once you appreciate that ‘I’ attracts attention, you see it’s a powerful marker of a speaker’s psychological state.” Here are a few ways in which the use of this tiny pronoun tells big truths.
Generally speaking, depressed people often use more “I” words. This seems to have to do with how long-lasting sadness brings along an inward focus that translates into “I”, “me” and “my” usage. In fact, the poet who overuses “I” in his poetry may be at a higher risk of suicide.
Lower-status people rely on “I” in that “we” words don’t just indicate “you and me” – they can hold many other meanings. On the other hand, using “we” words lets the more powerful speaker decide what group the listener falls into.
Interestingly, women open up and say “I”, and about fourteen percent of women’s words are these less formal personal pronouns compared to only twelve percent for men. “This is a huge statistics difference,” Pennebaker says. Women generally come across as more self-reflective and self-aware than men.
As for online writing, after September 11, “I” talk plummeted, and an analysis of thousands of blogs showed a big drop in “I” words after the attacks. The result was that the use of “we” words jumped at an even higher rate. “A temporary reaction to acute pain is to turn to others. It’s not a coincidence that disaster brings people together,” Pennebaker points out.
Obviously, people who lie tend to avoid “I”. “When you’re lying, you almost distance yourself from the words. In other words, you are not owning your statements.”
32．For what purpose is the use of pronouns being studied
A．To evaluate the potential effect on people’s actions.
B．To advocate the use of pronouns in daily conversations.
C．To expose the relationship between behavior and speech.
D．To examine the relation between emotions and statements.
33．Compared with men, when women speak they_________.
A．seldom refer to themselves
B．tend to reflect on themselves
C．mainly talk about personal matters
D．choose more formal personal pronouns
34．The underlined word “plummeted” in Paragraph 5 most probably mean_________.
A．increased quickly B．appeared suddenly
C．dropped sharply D．disappeared totally
35．What is the main message the text conveys
A．Communication indicates status differences.
B．Communication suggests more than one can see.
C．Communication means discussion between equals.
D．Communication connects different people together.
【答案】32．D 33．B 34．C 35．B
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了一项对代词的研究和使用这个小代词揭示大真相的几种方式。
32．推理判断题。根据文章第一段“Words can show what’s going on in our heads — and pronouns, in particular, may show where our attention is aimed. “You can be focused on yourself for many reasons,” says James Pennebaker, a psychologist at the University of Texas. “Once you appreciate that ‘I’ attracts attention, you see it’s a powerful marker of a speaker’s psychological state.” (单词可以显示出我们脑子里在想什么，尤其是代词，可以显示出我们的注意力在哪里。德克萨斯大学的心理学家James Pennebaker说：“你可以有很多理由关注自己。”“一旦你意识到‘我’吸引了注意力，你就会发现它是说话者心理状态的有力标志。”)”可推知，研究代词的使用是为了检查情绪和言论之间的关系。故选D项。
33．细节理解题。根据文章第四段“Women generally come across as more self-reflective and self-aware than men.(女性通常比男性更能自我反省和自我意识。)”可知，和男人相比，女人说话的时候更倾向于反省自己。故选B项。
34．词句猜测题。根据文章第五段“As for online writing, after September 11, “I” talk plummeted, and an analysis of thousands of blogs showed a big drop in “I” words after the attacks.(至于网络写作，在9月11日之后，“我”的话语急剧plummeted，一项对数千个博客的分析显示，“I”字在袭击后大幅减少。)”可知，“我”的话题在袭击后大幅减少，所以推测出画线词是“大幅减少”的意思。故选C项。
35．主旨大意题。分析全文内容可知，文章主要介绍了使用“我”这个小代词揭示大真相的几种方式。再根据最后一段“Obviously, people who lie tend to avoid “I”. “When you’re lying, you almost distance yourself from the words. In other words, you are not owning your statements.”(很明显，说谎的人倾向于回避“我”。“当你撒谎的时候，你几乎远离了文字。换言之，你并不拥有自己的言论。”)”可知，这篇文章传递的主要信息是：沟通暗示着不仅仅是你看到的东西。故选B项。
9.（浙江衢州二中2022届高三英语第一次模拟考试）
Remember your first day of school How did your mom pick out your clothes the day before and how nervous did you feel when entering the classroom Or what about the first time you rode a bike, with all of the excitement coursing through your blood Some memories stick with us and we can remember them like scenes in a movie.These are known as episodic memories (情景记忆).
Recently, a new study has shown that certain cells, called time cells, make this type of memory possible.These cells help us form clear memories in time order.As memories are being formed, these time cells put a stamp on the memories.Later, this stamp helps us recount the exact sequence of events and experiences.
The 27 participants in the study had electrodes (电极）placed in their brains.This allowed scientists to measure cell activity in the hippocampus (海马体) and another area involved in the perception of time.The participants were shown sequences of 12 to 15 words on a computer screen in a period of about 30 seconds.Then they were asked to recall the words.
During this time, the scientists looked at the activity of different brain cells.They found specific cells that fired signals during each sequence of words.
Gyorgy Buzsaki, a professor at New York University, said the study is important, as it can explain memory problems found in people who suffered damage to their hippocampus.In one experiment, scientists compared the memories of people who had just taken a tour of a college campus.Those without damage to their hippocampus had similar stories.However, those who had suffered damage to this area of the brain were unable to recall the proper sequence of events.
The number of people suffering from memory disorders is increasing.As of September 2019, around 50 million people worldwide were suffering from dementia (痴呆), and the number will triple by 2050, according to the World Health Organization.Such studies will help scientists develop better treatment for people suffering from Alzheimer’s disease, the cause of 60 to 70 percent of dementia cases.
4. Why does the author mention the first day of school in the first paragraph
A. To make comparison. B. To introduce the topic.
C. To support the argument. D. To provide examples.
5. Which can replace the word “sequence” in the 2nd paragraph
A. Result. B. Number.
C. Detail. D. Order.
6. Where is the passage probably from
A. A medicine magazine. B. A science fiction.
C. A guide book. D. An autobiography.
【答案】4. B 5. D 6. A
【解析】
【分析】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了情景记忆的形成机制、实验过程及意义。
【4题详解】
细节理解题。根据文章第一段“ Some memories stick with us and we can remember them like scenes in a movie. These are known as episodic memories (情景记忆).” 有些记忆会留在我们的记忆里，就像电影里的场景一样。这些被称为情景记忆；以及第二段“Recently, a new study has shown that certain cells, called time cells, make this type of memory possible” 最近，一项新的研究表明，某些被称为“时间细胞”的细胞使这种记忆成为可能。可知文章第一段引出情景记忆，后文对情景记忆作进一步的介绍，第一段的目的是引出主题。故选B项。
【5题详解】
词句猜测题。根据上句“As memories are being formed, these time cells put a stamp on the memories”当记忆形成时，这些时间细胞在记忆上烙上了印记。以及“…of events and experiences.”时间和经历的细节。可知这些时间细胞在记忆上烙上的印记帮助我们叙述事件和经历的确切顺序。“sequence”意思是顺序。故选D项。
【6题详解】
推理判断题。根据文章第二段“Recently, a new study has shown that certain cells, called time cells, make this type of memory possible.”最近，一项新的研究表明，某些被称为“时间细胞”的细胞使这种记忆成为可能。以及最后一段“Such studies will help scientists develop better treatment for people suffering from Alzheimer’s disease, the cause of 60 to 70 percent of dementia cases.”通过此次研究，将有助于开发老年痴呆症的治疗方法。老年痴呆症占痴呆症患者的60 ~ 70%。可知本文是有关医学的内容，因此很可能出自医学杂志。故选A项。
10.（浙江衢州二中2022届高三英语第一次模拟考试）
It’s difficult to imagine a standard coming-of-age experience that involves more change, more stress, and more personal challenge than freshman year of college.
That food might become a way for many to deal with those stresses is hardly surprising. Weight gain in the first year of college, often jokingly referred to as the “Freshman 15”, is so common that it has become a cliche(陈词滥调). The fact that this freshman weight gain is so commonplace disguises the fact that it is often a sign of a young person having difficulty coping with the stresses of a new life.
“Food becomes a way to exert control for many freshmen when they feel little control in many areas of their lives,” Molly Kimball, a registered dietitian and sports nutritionist, says. “I work with young people all the time who have gotten into poor lifestyle choices and a disordered way of eating.”
“These are serious issues,” says Carol Holland, an associate professor and psychologist in the counseling center, adds. “Gaining 10 or 15 pounds isn’t always a big deal, but it could be a sign that a young person does not have the coping skills needed given the stresses he or she is under. That’s something parents want to be aware of.”
“For many students, college life is starting over from square one,” says Holland, a spokesman for the American College Counseling Association. “They have all new friends, academic demands, boy-girl relationships, and money worries. They may think it’s easy, but quickly they are neck deep into a real time of difficult transformation.”
So how to keep this situational overeating in check
Get in a regular pattern of eating and selectively eat things you enjoy. Don’t skip meals, and keep a healthy, satisfying snack on hand. Also, try to work out a healthy food plan that uses what you have around you that is easy and convenient. Finally, don’t stop exercising. Most schools have some kind of student sports center, join it and get rid of your lazy habits!
7. What happens to freshmen in college according to the passage
A. Most of them cannot cope with the changes of life.
B. They are free to eat anything they want away from home.
C. Many of them turn to food as a way to deal with stresses.
D. They usually gain much weight because of the busy schedule.
8. What does “these” in paragraph 4 refer to
A. Weight gains. B. Some bad habits.
C. Stresses in life. D. Difficulties in college.
9. Which of the following is a cause of stress among freshmen according to Holland
A. Parent-child relationship. B. Academic requirements.
C. Different eating habits. D. Part-time jobs off campus.
10. What can freshmen do to control overeating
A. Joining a basketball club. B. Not having dinner.
C. Keeping away from snacks. D. Staying up to study at night.
【答案】7. C 8. B 9. B 10. A
【解析】
【分析】这是一篇说明文。对于许多大一新生来说，当他们在生活的许多方面感到无法控制时，就会通过暴饮暴食的方式应对压力，从而经常被开玩笑地称为“新生15”。文章分析了他们的压力来源，并提出了控制这种情况下的暴饮暴食的建议。
【7题详解】
细节理解题。根据文章第二段首句内容“That food might become a way for many to deal with those stresses is hardly surprising.(食物可能成为许多人应对这些压力的一种方式，这不足为奇。)”以及该段末尾句内容“The fact that this freshman weight gain is so commonplace disguises the fact that it is often a sign of a young person having difficulty coping with the stresses of a new life.(新生体重增加如此普遍的事实掩盖了一个事实，那就是这通常是一个年轻人在应对新生活的压力方面有困难的迹象。)”可知，很多大学新生在应对新生活的压力方面有困难，因此会用饮食来应对这种心理压力。故选C项。
【8题详解】
词义猜测题。根据语法常识可知，“these”指代前文提及的“复数意义”的人，物或事，同时结合前后文语境可知，“these”应是指代文章第三段末尾内容“I work with young people all the time who have gotten into poor lifestyle choices and a disordered way of eating(我一直在和年轻人打交道，他们的生活方式选择很糟糕，饮食方式也很混乱)”句中提到的大学新生糟糕的生活方式和饮食方式，即，会因为压力慢慢养成坏的生活习惯。故选B项。
【9题详解】
细节理解题。根据文章第五段内容提到了他们面临的问题“They have all new friends, academic demands, boy-girl relationships, and money worries(他们要结交新朋友，学业上的需求，男女关系和金钱上的担忧)”其中有“academic demands(学业上的需求)”。故选B项。
【10题详解】
推理判断题。根据文章最后一段内容提出的最后一条建议为“Finally, don’t stop exercising. Most schools have some kind of student sports center, join it and get rid of your lazy habits(最后，不要停止锻炼。大多数学校都有某种形式的学生体育中心，加入它，摆脱你的懒惰习惯)”可知，大学新生通过加入运动俱乐部等方式，可以慢慢改变坏习惯而避免暴饮暴食。选项A“Joining a basketball club.(加入篮球俱乐部。)”属于该建议中的一种具体方式。故选A项。
11.（浙江省十校联盟2022-2023学年高三上学期10月联考）
The piping plover is already one of the most endangered birds in the Great Lakes area of the northern United States. Now, the rising water levels of Lake Michigan further threaten the birds and the areas where they live.
Pools of water are forming behind several plover nests along Sleeping Bear Dunes National Lake shore in the state of Michigan. The waters of Lake Michigan are now only a few meters from the plovers’ nesting area. Their home could be one storm away from destruction.
Vince Cavalieri works with the U. S. Fish and Wildlife Service. He told the AP that the high water levels put plovers in more danger than most other bird groups. That is because the areas where they live have been disappearing. He added that some nests on the Canadian side of the Great Lakes also have been swept away.
The Great Lakes generally rise with the melting snow and rainstorms of spring, and fall during the drier Summer months. However, some scientists believe climate change is causing more changes in water levels. In a recent report, researchers Drew Gronewold and Richard Rood said, “Quick changes between extreme high and low water levels in the Great Lakes represent the ‘new normal.’”
If that is true, the piping plovers could be at greater risk. Their numbers already have dropped because of shoreline development. The federal government lists the birds as threatened in the northern Great Plains and along the Atlantic coast.
Recovery projects are helping, however. In 2017, officials counted 76 breeding pairs of plovers. Last year, they counted 67. Cavalieri of the fish and wildlife service expects to see similar numbers this year. Most of this year’s plover eggs will hatch by the end of June.
4．How does the author demonstrate the severity of the piping plover’s living conditions
A．By making comparison. B．By listing detailed evidence.
C．By giving examples. D．By making predictions.
5．Why are plovers more endangered than most other birds
A．They are too sensitive to climate changes.
B．Their nests are not strong enough to stand a storm.
C．The federal government thinks little of protecting plovers.
D．Their habitats are greatly destroyed due to the rising water levels.
6．What could put the piping plover in a greater danger
A．Their homes are disappearing rapidly.
B．Their numbers are decreasing dramatically.
C．The shoreline development is swift and unavoidable.
D．The extreme changes in water levels will occur frequently.
7．What is Vince Cavalieri’s attitude towards the future of the piping plover
A．Suspicious. B．Concerned.
C．Optimistic. D．Objective.
【答案】4．B 5．D 6．D 7．C
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要讲述了the piping plover已经是美国北部五大湖地区最濒危的鸟类之一，而密歇根湖水位的上升进一步威胁到鸟类和它们生活的地区。
4．推理判断题。根据文章中的第二段“Pools of water are forming behind several plover nests along Sleeping Bear Dunes National Lake shore in the state of Michigan. The waters of Lake Michigan are now only a few meters from the plovers’ nesting area. Their home could be one storm away from destruction.(密歇根州睡熊沙丘国家湖岸边的几只plover巢穴后面形成了水池。密歇根湖的水域现在离plover的巢穴只有几米远。一场风暴就能摧毁他们的家园)”可知，作者通过列出详细的证据来证明the piping plover生活条件的严峻性。故选B项。
5．细节理解题。根据第三段中“Vince Cavalieri works with the U. S. Fish and Wildlife Service. He told the AP that the high water levels put plovers in more danger than most other bird groups. That is because the areas where they live have been disappearing.(Vince Cavalieri就职于美国鱼类和野生动物管理局。他告诉美联社，高水位使珩类比大多数其他鸟类更危险。这是因为他们居住的地区正在消失)”可知，鸻鸟比其他鸟类更濒临灭绝的原因是因为他们居住的地区正在消失。故选D项。
6．细节理解题。根据第四段中“In a recent report, researchers Drew Gronewold and Richard Rood said, “Quick changes between extreme high and low water levels in the Great Lakes represent the ‘new normal.’”(在最近的一份报告中，研究人员德鲁·格罗沃尔德和理查德·鲁德说:“五大湖水位在极高和极低之间的快速变化代表着‘新常态’。”)”以及第五段第一句中“If that is true, the piping plovers could be at greater risk.(如果这是真的，管状珩可能面临更大的风险)”可知，水位的极端变化会频繁发生使管状珩鸟处于更大的危险中。故选D项。
7．推理判读题。根据最后一段中的“Recovery projects are helping, however. In 2017, officials counted 76 breeding pairs of plovers. Last year, they counted 67. Cavalieri of the fish and wildlife service expects to see similar numbers this year. Most of this year’s plover eggs will hatch by the end of June.(然而，恢复项目正在发挥作用。2017年，官方统计了76对繁殖的鸻。去年，这一数字为67。鱼类和野生动物管理局的Cavalieri预计今年会看到类似的数字。今年大部分的珩鸟蛋将在六月底孵化)”可知，Cavalieri认为今年会有鸻繁殖，这说明恢复项目正在发挥作用，由此可推知，Cavalieri对管状珩科鸟的未来持乐观态度。故选C项。
12.（浙江省十校联盟2022-2023学年高三上学期10月联考）
Loneliness is bad for your health. So, in these days of COVID-19, when enforced solitude (独处) is the order of the day in many places, how to stop solitude turning into loneliness is a pressing medical question.
One part of the answer is to try to understand the physiology (生理) of the change.
Steven Cole of the University of California, Los Angeles, began his work with John Cacioppo of the University of Chicago. They addressed that question by repeatedly observing social isolation in individual volunteers, while simultaneously tracking from blood samples, their gene-expression patterns and other changes in their physiology.
They found that, initially, volunteers’ feelings of isolation are related to an increase in their inflammation genes(炎症基因) activity which are also known to travel into the brain and promote anxiety. They also noted that increased levels in this kind of brain activity in turn improve inflammation and cause behaviors such as social withdrawal, feelings of suspicion towards the outside world and a tendency to act more defensively by making decisions that involve few risks. That, of course, promotes further feelings of loneliness. It seems, therefore, that though loneliness starts with solitude, it can quickly take on a physiological life of its own.
Therefore, dealing with the loneliness caused by enforced isolation will not be a simple matter of allowing people to socialise once again. In search of that, Dr. Cole carried out a series of experiments that encouraged lonely people to direct simple acts of kindness towards their fellow creatures: things like buying groceries for an elderly neighbour or helping a colleague. Those directed to show kindness had precisely the opposite inflammation genes activity to that previously seen in the lonely by Dr. Cole.
They found that in the case of loneliness, the saying: being more blessed to give than to receive is true.
8．What does the underlined words “that question” in paragraph 3 refer to
A．What physical changes happen during social isolation
B．How can we get rid of solitude and loneliness
C．What is the difference between solitude and loneliness
D．What are the symptoms of loneliness caused by solitude
9．Why is it difficult for people to escape from loneliness after the end of COVID-19
A．Their physiological life has transformed their genes and behaviors.
B．They have experienced various negative emotions when being alone.
C．They are facing a physiological matter rather than simply a mental state.
D．Their social life has been greatly changed due to months of solitude.
10．According to Steven Cole, which of the following may work to deal with loneliness
A．Buying food for the homeless.
B．Socialising more with neighbors.
C．Exercising more to reduce anxiety.
D．Conducting experiments on inflammation.
11．What can be a suitable title for the text
A．Frightening Loneliness: Increase Inflammation.
B．Solitude and Its Consequences: Fight Loneliness.
C．The Unavoidable Problems: Solitude and Loneliness.
D．A Ground-breaking Finding: Loneliness Cured by Giving.
【答案】8．B 9．C 10．A 11．B
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要说明了孤独如何对人的健康有害，以及解决办法。
8．词句猜测题。分析第三段中的“that question”为代指，代指前文提到的问题。所以根据第一段中“So, in these days of COVID-19, when enforced solitude is the order of the day in many places, how to stop solitude turning into loneliness is a pressing medical question.(因此，在COVID-19的这些日子里，强迫独处在许多地方成为了日常秩序，如何防止独处变成孤独是一个紧迫的医学问题)”以及第二段“One part of the answer is to try to understand the physiology of the change.(解决这个问题的方法之一是尝试理解这种变化的生理机制)”可知，“that question”指的是我们怎样才能摆脱孤独和寂寞。故选B项。
9．推理判断题。根据第四段中“They also noted that increased levels in this kind of brain activity in turn improve inflammation and cause behaviors such as social withdrawal, feelings of suspicion towards the outside world and a tendency to act more defensively by making decisions that involve few risks. That, of course, promotes further feelings of loneliness. It seems, therefore, that though loneliness starts with solitude, it can quickly take on a physiological life of its own.(他们还注意到，这种大脑活动水平的增加反过来会改善炎症，并导致诸如社交退缩、对外界产生怀疑的感觉，以及倾向于通过做出很少涉及风险的决定来采取更防御性的行动。当然，这进一步促进了孤独感。因此，虽然孤独始于独处，但它可以很快形成自己的生理生活)”可知，由独处引起的孤独，会很快形成自己的生理生活，所以新冠肺炎疫情结束后，人们独处了很长一段时间，他们面对的是生理问题，而不仅仅是精神状态，所以很难摆脱孤独。故选C项。
10．推理判断题。根据第五段中“In search of that, Dr. Cole carried out a series of experiments that encouraged lonely people to direct simple acts of kindness towards their fellow creatures: things like buying groceries for an elderly neighbour or helping a colleague. Those directed to show kindness had precisely the opposite inflammation genes activity to that previously seen in the lonely by Dr. Cole.(为了寻找这一点，科尔博士进行了一系列实验，鼓励孤独的人对他们的同伴做出简单的善举：比如为年长的邻居购买食品杂货或帮助同事。那些表现友善的人的炎症基因活性与科尔博士之前在孤独的人身上看到的恰恰相反)”可知，根据史蒂文·科尔的说法，帮助他人，做出善举可以有效应对孤独。故选A项。
11．主旨大意题。根据文章第一段“Loneliness is bad for your health. So, in these days of COVID-19, when enforced solitude is the order of the day in many places, how to stop solitude turning into loneliness is a pressing medical question.(孤独对你的健康有害。因此，在COVID-19的这些日子里，强迫独处在许多地方成为了日常秩序，如何防止独处变成孤独是一个紧迫的医学问题)”可知，本文主要讲述的是如何防止独处变成孤独，然后作者讲述了独处变成孤独的生理机制，以及如何战胜孤独，所以文章的最好的标题应该是B项“Solitude and Its Consequences: Fight Loneliness.(孤独及其影响：战胜孤独)”。故选B项。
13.(浙江省镇海中学2022-2023学年高三上学期英语模拟试题)
Some documents have been making the rounds lately — where people who work various positions in different industries share how much they’re paid.
Bravo! It’s about time we blew up that old belief that salaries have to stay secret. This is not just a matter of curiosity. Having information about salaries can help narrow the gender wage gap, which has barely changed for more than a decade. Recently released date from the US Census Bureau shows that, on average, women working full time still are paid only 82 cents for every dollar paid to a man. And the gap is even wider for many women of color: Black women make 62 cents, and Latinas just 54 cents. What’s more, the pay gap even extends into her retirement. Because she earned less and therefore paid less to the social security system, she receives less in social security benefits.
Having greater access to salary information is helping to speed things up. A new research report by the American Association of University Women shows that the wage gap tends to be smaller in job sectors where pay transparency (透明) is a must. For example, among federal government workers, there’s just a 13 percent pay difference between men and women, and in state government, the gap is about 17 percent. But in private, for-profit companies, where salaries are generally kept under wraps, the gender wage gap jumps to 29 percent.
Fortunately, salary information is increasingly available on some websites. Certain companies and many human resources departments are pushing ahead with this practice. Of course, it’s going to take more than salary transparency to equalize earnings between women and men. But sharing salaries can and must be part of the solution. The more information women have about how jobs are valued — and what different people earn — the better they will understand their value in the labor market and be able to push for the pay they deserve.
4．Why are the figures mentioned in paragraph 2
A．To reveal the severity of gender wage gap.
B．To confirm the previous belief about salaries.
C．To satisfy readers’ curiosity about others’ salaries.
D．To appeal to readers to share their salary information.
5．What is paragraph 3 mainly about
A．The inequality between men and women.
B．The need to keep salary information a secret.
C．The advantage of working for the government.
D．The benefit of making salary information public.
6．What is the author’s attitude towards sharing salary information
A．Critical. B．Favourable.
C．Unclean D．Negative.
7．Which of the following is the best title for the passage
A．Why It Pays to Share How Much You Make
B．Where Salary Information Difference Lies
C．What It Takes to Realize Gender Equality
D．How Woman’s Value Improves at Work.
【答案】4．A 5．D 6．B 7．A
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章讲述了，性别和种族会影响男女个人收入，而将收入信息公开有助于缩小性别工资差距，实现男女收入平等，帮助女性争取应得的薪酬。
4．推理判断题。由第二段中的“Having information about salaries can help narrow the gender wage gap, which has barely changed for more than a decade. Recently released date from the US Census Bureau shows that, on average, women working full time still are paid only 82 cents for every dollar paid to a man. And the gap is even wider for many women of color: Black women make 62 cents, and Latinas just 54 cents. What’s more, the pay gap even extends into her retirement. (了解薪资信息有助于缩小性别工资差距，这一差距十多年来几乎没有变化。美国人口普查局最近公布的数据显示，平均而言，全职工作的女性比男性在被付报酬一美元时，仍然只能得到82美分的报酬。对于许多有色人种女性来说，差距甚至更大：黑人女性挣62美分，拉丁裔女性只挣54美分。更重要的是，工资差距甚至延伸到她的退休)”可知，性别工资差距十多年来几乎没有变化，这种性别工资差距会延伸到女性的退休，通过提到这些数字能揭示性别工资差距的严重性。故选A项。
5．主旨大意题。由第三段“Having greater access to salary information is helping to speed things up. A new research report by the American Association of University Women shows that the wage gap tends to be smaller in job sectors where pay transparency (透明) is a must. For example, among federal government workers, there’s just a 13 percent pay difference between men and women, and in state government, the gap is about 17 percent. But in private, for-profit companies, where salaries are generally kept under wraps, the gender wage gap jumps to 29 percent. (更方便地获取薪资信息有助于加快缩小性别工资差距速度。美国大学女性协会的一份最新研究报告显示，在薪酬必须透明的就业领域，工资差距往往较小。例如，在联邦政府工作人员中，男女之间的工资差距只有13%，而在州政府中，这一差距约为17%。但在私人盈利性公司，工资通常是保密的，性别工资差距跃升至29%)”可知，薪资信息公开有助于加快缩小性别工资差距速度，薪资信息透明的就业领域，工资差距往往较小，薪资信息保密的就业领域，工资差距往往较大，第三段主要讲公开薪资信息的好处。故选D项。
6．推理判断题。由第二段中的“Bravo! It’s about time we blew up that old belief that salaries have to stay secret. This is not just a matter of curiosity. Having information about salaries can help narrow the gender wage gap (好极了！是时候打破工资必须保密的旧观念了。这不仅仅是好奇的问题。了解薪资信息有助于缩小性别工资差距)”和最后一段中的“Fortunately, salary information is increasingly available on some websites. (幸运的是，一些网站上的薪资信息越来越多)”可知，作者认为打破工资必须保密的旧观念太好了，这有助于缩小性别工资差距，还认为一些网站上的薪资信息公开是一件幸运的事，可得出作者对分享薪资信息持支持（Favourable）态度。故选B项。
7．主旨大意题。由第二段中的“Having information about salaries can help narrow the gender wage gap (了解薪资信息有助于缩小性别工资差距)”，第三段中的“Having greater access to salary information is helping to speed things up. (更方便地获取薪资信息有助于加快缩小性别工资差距速度)”和最后一段中的“Of course, it’s going to take more than salary transparency to equalize earnings between women and men. (当然，要实现男女收入平等，需要的不仅仅是工资透明度)” 及“The more information women have about how jobs are valued—and what different people earn—the better they will understand their value in the labor market and be able to push for the pay they deserve. (女性掌握的关于工作价值和不同人群收入的信息越多，她们就越能理解自己在劳动力市场中的价值，并能够争取应得的薪酬)”可知，男女存在性别工资差距，而薪资信息公开有助于缩小性别工资差距，实现男女收入平等，帮助女性争取应得的薪酬，因此薪资信息公开很重要、很有用，A项“为什么分享你的收入是值得的”符合文意。故选A项。
14.(浙江省镇海中学2022-2023学年高三上学期英语模拟试题)
Monopoly (大富翁) is a very popular board game around the world today, but little is known about its American inventor, Elizabeth Magie, and the philosophy behind her invention.
Born in 1866, Magie was a rebel against the norms and politics of her times. Inspired by Henry George who believed that all men should have an equal right to use the land as they have to breathe air, she challenged the capitalist system of property ownership —in the form of a board game. In 1904, she patented her Landlord’s Game, which consisted of a circuit of streets and landmarks for sale.
Magie’s03 阅读理解 说明文--新题速递
浙江省2022-2023学年名校试卷分类汇编
（原卷版）
1.（2022学年第一学期浙江省七彩阳光新高考研究联盟返校联考）
Whether you're a citizen, consumer or investor, it is fast becoming a key life skill to make out greenwashing, a word meaning a company claims that its products are environmentally friendly but actually not green at all. Misleading or not proved claims about benefits to climate can make it harder for people to make informed decisions. They can also weaken real efforts by companies to clean up their act and deal with the climate crisis.
The basic problem is a lack of clarity. Indeed, when it comes to spotting greenwashing, it can actually be more helpful to focus on the color grey—because it is the many grey areas that have helped make greenwashing appear in particular places. These grey areas might be around measurements, definitions, best practice, standards or regulations. Even the language we use is very imprecise, leaving lots of room for vagueness, confusion or complete cheating. For instance, what do words such as “green”, “sustainable” and “eco” even mean You have no standards, measurements or definitions to judge by.
These problems are increasingly important when it comes to the greenwashing of investment products, such as pensions and investment funds. In recent years, there has been a sharp rise in consumer demand for funds that invest according to environmental, social and governance criteria, often referred to as ESG funds. According to the financial data provider Morningstar, the value of assets(资产) held in UK funds grew from 29bn at the beginning of 2017 to 71bn by the end of 2020.
With that much money at risk for high profits, misleading claims can effectively hamper the flow of money and resources into really green new plans and businesses, preventing global efforts from dealing with the climate emergency. “I describe it as the 'teenage years' of responsible investing, with a lot of experimentation, and a lot of people trying out new things.” says Ashley Hamilton Claxton.
4. Which of the following can be called greenwashing
A. A product that is claimed to benefit the climate.
B. A product that can been washed in a green way.
C. A product that is absolutely environmentally friendly.
D. A product that is claimed to be green while not the case.
5. What's the major cause of the problem of greenwashing
A. The product's description is not clear.
B. The language isn't grammatically right.
C. There are no such words as “sustainable”.
D. The company doesn't say it's “green” and “eco”.
6. What does the underlined word “hamper” probably mean
A. put B. clarify C. stop D. divide
7. What can you infer from the last paragraph
A. Much money enables high profits
B. Responsible investing is still at its early stage.
C. More money is invested in real green businesses.
D. A lot of people are unwilling to try out new things.
2.（2022学年第一学期浙江省七彩阳光新高考研究联盟返校联考）
Harvesting drinking water from wet air around the clock Now this technology is close to the theoretical ideal aim.
As real-world tests on the roof of an ETH building in Zurich revealed, the new technology can produce at least twice as much water per area per day as the best current passive technologies: the small experimental system with a pane (一格玻璃) diameter of 10 centimeters delivered 4.6 milliliters of water per day under real-world conditions. Larger devices with larger panes would generate more water as a result.
The researchers demonstrated that under ideal conditions, they could harvest up to 0.53 decilitres of water per square meter of pane surface per hour. “This is close to the theoretical maximum of 0.6 decilitres per hour, which is physically the greatest amount.” Iwan H chler says. He is a doctoral student in Dimos Poulikakos's (ETH Zurich) Thermodynamics Group.
Other technologies typically necessitate wiping condensed (冷凝的) water from a surface, which requires energy. Without this step, a large portion of the condensed water would hold on to the surface and become unusable, preventing further condensation. The ETH Zurich researchers coated the underside of the pane in their water condenser with a novel superhydrophobic (extremely water-resistant) coating. As a result, the condensed water beads up and runs or jumps off on its own. “Unlike other technologies, ours can truly function without any additional energy, which is a significant advantage,” H chler said.
The researchers’ goal was to create a technology for water-stressed countries, particularly developing and emerging economies. They believe that now is the time for other scientists to further develop this technology or combine it with other methods, such as water desalination, to increase their yield. The coating of the panes is relatively simple, and larger water condensers than the current pilot system should be possible. Several water condensers could be positioned side by side to piece together a large-scale system, similar to how solar cells have several modules set up next to each other.
8. Why are the numbers used in Paragraph 2-3
A. To show the strengths of the present technology.
B. To explain the theory of a new water collecting device.
C. To demonstrate the great difficulty the researchers met.
D. To make vivid the close-to-ideal efficiency of the new technology
9. What’s the unique advantage of the new technology
A. It uses a device to wipe off condensed water.
B. It enables the water drops to run off by itself.
C. It consumes a very small amount of energy.
D. It has the upside of the pane specially coated.
10. What can we learn from the last paragraph
A. The new technology has been put into use
B. Other scientists have been improving the device.
C. Developed countries are in great need of this device.
D. It may take some time to further develop the technology.
3.（浙江省2022-2023学年山水联盟高三上学期8月联考英语试题 ）
Back in November 2019, Alessandra Mascaro, a volunteer working at the Ozouga Chimpanzee Project in Loango National Park, Gabon, West Africa, saw something she couldn’t quite believe — one of the apes named Suzee noticed her son Sia had hurt his foot. After seemingly thinking about the best course of action, she then plucked an insect out of the air, licked it and applied it to the wound.
Mascaro captured the whole touching moment on film and showed her tutor, Dr. Tobias Deschner, a zoologist working for Ozouga. The Ozouga team then set about monitoring the chimpanzees in the park and looking for other examples of the behaviour. Over the following 15 months they captured 76 incidences of the apes applying insects to wounds on themselves or other group members. The researchers are uncertain why the chimps use the insects, or even which insects they are, but suspect they might have lenitive properties that could provide pain relief.
However, the finding really proves that the act of applying an insect to treat other’s wounds is a clear example of prosocial behaviour (亲社会行为) that echoes the acts of empathy displayed by human beings. “This is, for me, especially breathtaking because so many people doubt prosocial abilities in other animals. Suddenly we have a species where we really see individuals caring for others,” Deschner said.
The team now aims to identify the insects being used by the chimpanzees and investigate who is applying insects to whom to establish whether the behaviour is based on a social rank. “We need to still put much more effort into studying great apes because it is crucial to shed light on our own cognitive evolution,” said Deschner.
8. How did Suzee treat her son’s wound
A. By licking the injury. B. By adopting an easy way.
C. By using a certain insect. D. By preventing the infection.
9. Which of the following can best replace the word “lenitive” in Paragraph 2
A. Original. B. Relieving.
C. Refreshing. D. Resistant.
10. What can be inferred from the Ozouga team’s study
A. Apes are capable of caring for others.
B. Chimps can distinguish useful insects.
C. Prosocial abilities come from imitation.
D. Social ranks decide the power of empathy.
11. What does Deschner think of the finding
A. It remains a mystery. B. It facilitates evolution.
C. It highlights apes’ intelligence. D. It clarifies people’s doubt.
4.(2023届浙江省杭州第二中学新高三上学期适应性测试英语试题)
Although it is a business not many are aware of, sidewalk robots are set to become an industry with annual sales of $Ibn within a decade, reckons IDTechEx, a British firm of analysts. These four-or six-wheeled autonomous machines, usually the size of a suitcase, are already delivering groceries and other goods in America, China and Europe.
That puts them ahead of many driverless cars, vans and lorries being developed. Those bigger vehicles are held back not by technology but regulation, says Zehao Li of IDTechEx. So having a "safety driver" on board ready to take over if there is a problem, which is hardly labor-saving.
For these larger contraptions regulators want to see safety systems thoroughly proved. But there are legal hurdles, too. In January Britain's Law Commission, which reviews legislation, recommended that it should not be the person in the driver's seat who faces prosecution if a vehicle in autonomous mode crashes, but the manufacturer or body that sought approval for its use.
Meanwhile, sidewalk robots are getting on with the job. Among them, Starship Technologies, based in San Francisco, reckons it has already clocked up more than 2.5m deliveries with bots in a number of cities, university campuses and business parks in Europe and America. Amazon is carrying out trials with a similar sort of machine it calls Scout. Kiwibot, a Colombian startup, is making sidewalk deliveries in Califomia.
Typically, these robots carry a few bags of groceries using a variety of sensors, including cameras, radar and GPS to navigate and avoid obstacles and people. Their progress can be monitored on a phone app, which also unlocks them for goods to be retrieved. As they are small. move slowly(Starship's bots might reach a heady 6kph) and are "telemonitored" by people in a control room who can take over, authorities seem more willing to give them a green light.
Such robots are also becoming more autonomous. In January Serve Robotics, another San Franciscan firm whose backers include Uber, a ride-hailing giant, said it had deployed a new sidewalk bot with "level 4"autonomy, which means it can operate without telemonitoring in some predesignated areas.
Robotic versions which operate on roads but have no driver's cab are also appearing. Nuro, a Silicon Valley firm, makes one about the size of a small car that can carry 24 bags of groceries. It has chilled and heated compartments for food and drinks. Further along the road in earning their keep, these delivery bots are helping to pave the way for the time when bigger autonomous vehicles can join them.
8．What can we learn from paragraph one
A．Sidewalk robots are portable like a suitcase.
B．In the past decade, Ibn dollars have been invested into industry.
C．The delivery industries of the US, China and Europe are dependent on sidewalk robots.
D．The industry of sidewalk robot is expanding unknowingly.
9．According to the passage, who should be responsible for automatic driving car accidents
A．Safety drivers seated in the driver's seat.
B．Every passenger except the driver.
C．Organizations supportive of autonomous mode.
D．Manufacturers and bodies seeking approval for using safety drivers.
10．What does the underlined phrase in paragraph four mean
A．reached B．Designed
B．bought D．Invented
11．Which of the following statements is NOT true according to the passage
A．Amazon is using Scout to deliver groceries for people.
B．If groceries are wrongly delivered, robots can take them back.
C．Some robots may deliver groceries with no one telemonitoring them.
D．Both cold and hot food can be preserved inside a sidewalk robot developed by Nuro.
5.(2023届浙江省杭州第二中学新高三上学期适应性测试英语试题)
Parents, teachers and caregivers have long suspected the magic of storytelling to calm kids. Researchers have now quantified the biological and emotional benefits of a well-told tale.
“We know that narrative has the power to transport us to another world,” says Guilherme Brockington from Brazil’s Federal University. “Earlier research suggested that stories help children process and regulate their emotions — but this was mostly conducted in a laboratory, with subjects answering questions while lying inside functional MRI machines. There are few studies on biological and psychological effects of storytelling in a more commonplace hospital setting.”
So investigators working in several Brazilian hospitals split a total of 81 patients aged 4 to 11 into two groups, matching them with storytellers who had a decade of hospital experience. In one group, the storyteller led each child in playing a riddle game. In the other, youngsters chose books and listened as the storyteller read them aloud. Before and after these sessions, the researchers took spit samples from each child, then asked them to report their pain levels and conducted a free-association word quiz.
Children in both groups benefited measurably from the interactions; they showed lower levels of cortisol — the stress-related hormone and higher levels of oxytocin, which is often described as a feel-good hormone. Yet kids in the storytelling group benefited significantly more: their cortisol levels were a quarter of those in the riddle group, and their oxytocin levels were nearly twice as high. Those who heard stories also reported pain levels dropping almost twice as much as those in the riddle group, and they used more positive words to describe their hospital stay.
The study demonstrates that playing games or simply interacting with someone can relax kids and improve their outlook but that hearing stories has an especially dramatic effect. The researchers “really tried to control the social interaction component of the storyteller, which I think was the key,” says Raymond Mar, a psychologist at York University who was not involved in the new research.
Next, the investigators plan to study how long these effects last, along with storytelling’s potential benefits to kids with particular illnesses such as cancer. For now Brockington says the results indicate storytelling is a low-cost and extremely efficient way to help improve health outcomes in a variety of settings. Mar agrees. “It’s very promising and scalable,” he says, “and possibly generalizable.”
12．What is the second paragraph mainly about
A．The effects of story-telling on children.
B．The limitations of the earlier research.
C．The methods used in earlier studies.
D．The major breakthroughs achieved so far.
13．The underlined word “scalable” in the last paragraph is closest in meaning to _________.
A．accessible B．comparable C．adjustable D．readable
14．Which of the following is TRUE about the study conducted in Brazilian hospitals
A．It measured participants’ blood levels.
B．It divided subjects into groups of 81.
C．It quantified the benefits of story-telling.
D．It compared impact of two types of story-telling.
15．The conclusion drawn from the study is that ________.
A．listening to stories reduces pain and stress in hospitalized kids
B．interacting with others improves sick kids’ mental sharpness
C．story telling has potential benefits for kids with cancers
D．riddle guessing is as effective as storytelling in helping sick kids
6.（浙江省嘉兴市第一中学2022-2023学年高三上学期期中检测）
The traditional Chinese lunar calendar divides the year into 24 solar terms, which reflect the Chinese people’s understanding of time. Here several special solar terms are listed.
Rain Water
Rain Water signals the increase in rainfall and rise in temperature. With its arrival, the river water defreezes, wild geese move from south to north, and trees and grass turn green again. Extra care is needed to cope with a returning cold spell in this period. The wet and damp weather during Rain Water period is considered harmful for people’s spleen (脾) and stomach according to Chinese medical practice. Therefore, a bowl of nutritious porridge is the best choice to nourish the body.
Awakening of Insects
As the third solar term in the lunar year, its name implies that animals sleeping in winter are awakened by spring thunder and that the earth begins to come back to life. It is the key time for spring agricultural activities. Modern meteorological science shows that around this period, the earth becomes wet, the hot humid air from the north is strong and creates frequent winds. For this reason, thunder often occurs.
Spring Equinox
Spring Equinox signals the equal length of the day and night time. On the day of the Spring Equinox, the sun is directly above the equator. After the equinox, the sun moves northwards, resulting in gradually longer day time in the Northern Hemisphere. Standing an egg upright is a popular game during this period. It is believed that if someone can make the egg stand, he will have good luck in the future.
Grain Rain
Grain Rain originates from the old saying, “Rain brings up the growth of hundreds of grains", which shows that this period of rainfall is extremely important for the growth of crops and people are busy working on the land. Grain Rain falls between the end of' spring and the beginning of summer, with infrequent cold air moving to the south and lingering cold air in the north. With dry soil, an unsteady atmosphere and heavy winds and sandstorms become more frequent.
21．What can we know about Rain Water
A．River water starts to freeze.
B．Taking off the thick coats is advisable.
C．Lively spring-like scenery can be seen.
D．It falls between the end of spring and the start of summer.
22．What do Awakening of Insects and Grain Rain have in common
A．Farming season. B．Animal activities.
C．Air temperature. D．Frequent thundering.
23．In which solar term would people most probably put on masks
A．Rain Water. B．Grain Rain.
C．Spring Equinox. D．Awakening of Insects.
7.（浙江省嘉兴市第一中学2022-2023学年高三上学期期中检测）
The British Council’s Active Citizens program has provided hundreds of thousands of people worldwide with the social leadership skills to address some of the big challenges of the 21st century.
Since arriving in Iraq in 2015, Active Citizens has trained more than 180 young people, who have reached a further 4,000 people through projects focusing on health awareness, employability and so on. Through two local organizations in Iraq, the first Active Citizens program trained a host of young people from local communities. With a focus on youth voice, the training achieved high levels of participation from girls and many called it a turning point in their lives.
“On day one, when I started the training, I thought I would have nothing to give. By the last day, I discovered I have buried skills, and how I can be of great value to help others and change their lives positively,” says one girl. Through the training, the participants were introduced to different ways of creating change and learned the important role dialogue plays in communities. The training prepared them to take the first important steps towards making a positive difference in people’s lives.
Active Citizens program has so far started 16 social action projects, working with women’s groups, schools and local communities. A project by participants from the Iraq Women Association has delivered job-readiness skills training to 55 young women looking for work. After learning new IT and interview skills and receiving support to create CVs, five of the participants found jobs directly after the training. The women are also being encouraged to pass their new skills to other young women looking for jobs in their communities.
These are just two examples of the significant impact Iraq’s Active Citizens has achieved in just a short space of time. As time goes by, we can look forward to greater impact in the future.
28．How did the Active Citizens program reach 4,000 people in Iraq
A．By word of mouth. B．Through different projects.
C．By hosting various meetings. D．Through visits to local schools.
29．What did the girl find after finishing the training in Paragraph 3
A．She has nothing to give. B．She could be employed.
C．She could voice her opinion. D．She has some hidden talents.
30．What’s the main purpose of the project by Iraq Women Association
A．To raise people’s awareness of health. B．To teach band new computer knowledge.
C．To improve people’s employability skills. D．To provide support on how to create CVs.
31．Which of the following is the best title for the text
A．How the Active Citizens Program Works
B．Active Citizens Helps Recognize Your Skills
C．Special Projects Are Designed for Young People
D．Girls in Iraq Are Making a Difference to the World
8.（浙江省嘉兴市第一中学2022-2023学年高三上学期期中检测）
Words can show what’s going on in our heads — and pronouns, in particular, may show where our attention is aimed. “You can be focused on yourself for many reasons,” says James Pennebaker, a psychologist at the University of Texas. “Once you appreciate that ‘I’ attracts attention, you see it’s a powerful marker of a speaker’s psychological state.” Here are a few ways in which the use of this tiny pronoun tells big truths.
Generally speaking, depressed people often use more “I” words. This seems to have to do with how long-lasting sadness brings along an inward focus that translates into “I”, “me” and “my” usage. In fact, the poet who overuses “I” in his poetry may be at a higher risk of suicide.
Lower-status people rely on “I” in that “we” words don’t just indicate “you and me” – they can hold many other meanings. On the other hand, using “we” words lets the more powerful speaker decide what group the listener falls into.
Interestingly, women open up and say “I”, and about fourteen percent of women’s words are these less formal personal pronouns compared to only twelve percent for men. “This is a huge statistics difference,” Pennebaker says. Women generally come across as more self-reflective and self-aware than men.
As for online writing, after September 11, “I” talk plummeted, and an analysis of thousands of blogs showed a big drop in “I” words after the attacks. The result was that the use of “we” words jumped at an even higher rate. “A temporary reaction to acute pain is to turn to others. It’s not a coincidence that disaster brings people together,” Pennebaker points out.
Obviously, people who lie tend to avoid “I”. “When you’re lying, you almost distance yourself from the words. In other words, you are not owning your statements.”
32．For what purpose is the use of pronouns being studied
A．To evaluate the potential effect on people’s actions.
B．To advocate the use of pronouns in daily conversations.
C．To expose the relationship between behavior and speech.
D．To examine the relation between emotions and statements.
33．Compared with men, when women speak they_________.
A．seldom refer to themselves
B．tend to reflect on themselves
C．mainly talk about personal matters
D．choose more formal personal pronouns
34．The underlined word “plummeted” in Paragraph 5 most probably mean_________.
A．increased quickly B．appeared suddenly
C．dropped sharply D．disappeared totally
35．What is the main message the text conveys
A．Communication indicates status differences.
B．Communication suggests more than one can see.
C．Communication means discussion between equals.
D．Communication connects different people together.
9.（浙江衢州二中2022届高三英语第一次模拟考试）
Remember your first day of school How did your mom pick out your clothes the day before and how nervous did you feel when entering the classroom Or what about the first time you rode a bike, with all of the excitement coursing through your blood Some memories stick with us and we can remember them like scenes in a movie.These are known as episodic memories (情景记忆).
Recently, a new study has shown that certain cells, called time cells, make this type of memory possible.These cells help us form clear memories in time order.As memories are being formed, these time cells put a stamp on the memories.Later, this stamp helps us recount the exact sequence of events and experiences.
The 27 participants in the study had electrodes (电极）placed in their brains.This allowed scientists to measure cell activity in the hippocampus (海马体) and another area involved in the perception of time.The participants were shown sequences of 12 to 15 words on a computer screen in a period of about 30 seconds.Then they were asked to recall the words.
During this time, the scientists looked at the activity of different brain cells.They found specific cells that fired signals during each sequence of words.
Gyorgy Buzsaki, a professor at New York University, said the study is important, as it can explain memory problems found in people who suffered damage to their hippocampus.In one experiment, scientists compared the memories of people who had just taken a tour of a college campus.Those without damage to their hippocampus had similar stories.However, those who had suffered damage to this area of the brain were unable to recall the proper sequence of events.
The number of people suffering from memory disorders is increasing.As of September 2019, around 50 million people worldwide were suffering from dementia (痴呆), and the number will triple by 2050, according to the World Health Organization.Such studies will help scientists develop better treatment for people suffering from Alzheimer’s disease, the cause of 60 to 70 percent of dementia cases.
4. Why does the author mention the first day of school in the first paragraph
A. To make comparison. B. To introduce the topic.
C. To support the argument. D. To provide examples.
5. Which can replace the word “sequence” in the 2nd paragraph
A. Result. B. Number.
C. Detail. D. Order.
6. Where is the passage probably from
A. A medicine magazine. B. A science fiction.
C. A guide book. D. An autobiography.
10.（浙江衢州二中2022届高三英语第一次模拟考试）
It’s difficult to imagine a standard coming-of-age experience that involves more change, more stress, and more personal challenge than freshman year of college.
That food might become a way for many to deal with those stresses is hardly surprising. Weight gain in the first year of college, often jokingly referred to as the “Freshman 15”, is so common that it has become a cliche(陈词滥调). The fact that this freshman weight gain is so commonplace disguises the fact that it is often a sign of a young person having difficulty coping with the stresses of a new life.
“Food becomes a way to exert control for many freshmen when they feel little control in many areas of their lives,” Molly Kimball, a registered dietitian and sports nutritionist, says. “I work with young people all the time who have gotten into poor lifestyle choices and a disordered way of eating.”
“These are serious issues,” says Carol Holland, an associate professor and psychologist in the counseling center, adds. “Gaining 10 or 15 pounds isn’t always a big deal, but it could be a sign that a young person does not have the coping skills needed given the stresses he or she is under. That’s something parents want to be aware of.”
“For many students, college life is starting over from square one,” says Holland, a spokesman for the American College Counseling Association. “They have all new friends, academic demands, boy-girl relationships, and money worries. They may think it’s easy, but quickly they are neck deep into a real time of difficult transformation.”
So how to keep this situational overeating in check
Get in a regular pattern of eating and selectively eat things you enjoy. Don’t skip meals, and keep a healthy, satisfying snack on hand. Also, try to work out a healthy food plan that uses what you have around you that is easy and convenient. Finally, don’t stop exercising. Most schools have some kind of student sports center, join it and get rid of your lazy habits!
7. What happens to freshmen in college according to the passage
A. Most of them cannot cope with the changes of life.
B. They are free to eat anything they want away from home.
C. Many of them turn to food as a way to deal with stresses.
D. They usually gain much weight because of the busy schedule.
8. What does “these” in paragraph 4 refer to
A. Weight gains. B. Some bad habits.
C. Stresses in life. D. Difficulties in college.
9. Which of the following is a cause of stress among freshmen according to Holland
A. Parent-child relationship. B. Academic requirements.
C. Different eating habits. D. Part-time jobs off campus.
10. What can freshmen do to control overeating
A. Joining a basketball club. B. Not having dinner.
C. Keeping away from snacks. D. Staying up to study at night.
11.（浙江省十校联盟2022-2023学年高三上学期10月联考）
The piping plover is already one of the most endangered birds in the Great Lakes area of the northern United States. Now, the rising water levels of Lake Michigan further threaten the birds and the areas where they live.
Pools of water are forming behind several plover nests along Sleeping Bear Dunes National Lake shore in the state of Michigan. The waters of Lake Michigan are now only a few meters from the plovers’ nesting area. Their home could be one storm away from destruction.
Vince Cavalieri works with the U. S. Fish and Wildlife Service. He told the AP that the high water levels put plovers in more danger than most other bird groups. That is because the areas where they live have been disappearing. He added that some nests on the Canadian side of the Great Lakes also have been swept away.
The Great Lakes generally rise with the melting snow and rainstorms of spring, and fall during the drier Summer months. However, some scientists believe climate change is causing more changes in water levels. In a recent report, researchers Drew Gronewold and Richard Rood said, “Quick changes between extreme high and low water levels in the Great Lakes represent the ‘new normal.’”
If that is true, the piping plovers could be at greater risk. Their numbers already have dropped because of shoreline development. The federal government lists the birds as threatened in the northern Great Plains and along the Atlantic coast.
Recovery projects are helping, however. In 2017, officials counted 76 breeding pairs of plovers. Last year, they counted 67. Cavalieri of the fish and wildlife service expects to see similar numbers this year. Most of this year’s plover eggs will hatch by the end of June.
4．How does the author demonstrate the severity of the piping plover’s living conditions
A．By making comparison. B．By listing detailed evidence.
C．By giving examples. D．By making predictions.
5．Why are plovers more endangered than most other birds
A．They are too sensitive to climate changes.
B．Their nests are not strong enough to stand a storm.
C．The federal government thinks little of protecting plovers.
D．Their habitats are greatly destroyed due to the rising water levels.
6．What could put the piping plover in a greater danger
A．Their homes are disappearing rapidly.
B．Their numbers are decreasing dramatically.
C．The shoreline development is swift and unavoidable.
D．The extreme changes in water levels will occur frequently.
7．What is Vince Cavalieri’s attitude towards the future of the piping plover
A．Suspicious. B．Concerned.
C．Optimistic. D．Objective.
12.（浙江省十校联盟2022-2023学年高三上学期10月联考）
Loneliness is bad for your health. So, in these days of COVID-19, when enforced solitude (独处) is the order of the day in many places, how to stop solitude turning into loneliness is a pressing medical question.
One part of the answer is to try to understand the physiology (生理) of the change.
Steven Cole of the University of California, Los Angeles, began his work with John Cacioppo of the University of Chicago. They addressed that question by repeatedly observing social isolation in individual volunteers, while simultaneously tracking from blood samples, their gene-expression patterns and other changes in their physiology.
They found that, initially, volunteers’ feelings of isolation are related to an increase in their inflammation genes(炎症基因) activity which are also known to travel into the brain and promote anxiety. They also noted that increased levels in this kind of brain activity in turn improve inflammation and cause behaviors such as social withdrawal, feelings of suspicion towards the outside world and a tendency to act more defensively by making decisions that involve few risks. That, of course, promotes further feelings of loneliness. It seems, therefore, that though loneliness starts with solitude, it can quickly take on a physiological life of its own.
Therefore, dealing with the loneliness caused by enforced isolation will not be a simple matter of allowing people to socialise once again. In search of that, Dr. Cole carried out a series of experiments that encouraged lonely people to direct simple acts of kindness towards their fellow creatures: things like buying groceries for an elderly neighbour or helping a colleague. Those directed to show kindness had precisely the opposite inflammation genes activity to that previously seen in the lonely by Dr. Cole.
They found that in the case of loneliness, the saying: being more blessed to give than to receive is true.
8．What does the underlined words “that question” in paragraph 3 refer to
A．What physical changes happen during social isolation
B．How can we get rid of solitude and loneliness
C．What is the difference between solitude and loneliness
D．What are the symptoms of loneliness caused by solitude
9．Why is it difficult for people to escape from loneliness after the end of COVID-19
A．Their physiological life has transformed their genes and behaviors.
B．They have experienced various negative emotions when being alone.
C．They are facing a physiological matter rather than simply a mental state.
D．Their social life has been greatly changed due to months of solitude.
10．According to Steven Cole, which of the following may work to deal with loneliness
A．Buying food for the homeless.
B．Socialising more with neighbors.
C．Exercising more to reduce anxiety.
D．Conducting experiments on inflammation.
11．What can be a suitable title for the text
A．Frightening Loneliness: Increase Inflammation.
B．Solitude and Its Consequences: Fight Loneliness.
C．The Unavoidable Problems: Solitude and Loneliness.
D．A Ground-breaking Finding: Loneliness Cured by Giving.
13.(浙江省镇海中学2022-2023学年高三上学期英语模拟试题)
Some documents have been making the rounds lately — where people who work various positions in different industries share how much they’re paid.
Bravo! It’s about time we blew up that old belief that salaries have to stay secret. This is not just a matter of curiosity. Having information about salaries can help narrow the gender wage gap, which has barely changed for more than a decade. Recently released date from the US Census Bureau shows that, on average, women working full time still are paid only 82 cents for every dollar paid to a man. And the gap is even wider for many women of color: Black women make 62 cents, and Latinas just 54 cents. What’s more, the pay gap even extends into her retirement. Because she earned less and therefore paid less to the social security system, she receives less in social security benefits.
Having greater access to salary information is helping to speed things up. A new research report by the American Association of University Women shows that the wage gap tends to be smaller in job sectors where pay transparency (透明) is a must. For example, among federal government workers, there’s just a 13 percent pay difference between men and women, and in state government, the gap is about 17 percent. But in private, for-profit companies, where salaries are generally kept under wraps, the gender wage gap jumps to 29 percent.
Fortunately, salary information is increasingly available on some websites. Certain companies and many human resources departments are pushing ahead with this practice. Of course, it’s going to take more than salary transparency to equalize earnings between women and men. But sharing salaries can and must be part of the solution. The more information women have about how jobs are valued — and what different people earn — the better they will understand their value in the labor market and be able to push for the pay they deserve.
4．Why are the figures mentioned in paragraph 2
A．To reveal the severity of gender wage gap.
B．To confirm the previous belief about salaries.
C．To satisfy readers’ curiosity about others’ salaries.
D．To appeal to readers to share their salary information.
5．What is paragraph 3 mainly about
A．The inequality between men and women.
B．The need to keep salary information a secret.
C．The advantage of working for the government.
D．The benefit of making salary information public.
6．What is the author’s attitude towards sharing salary information
A．Critical. B．Favourable.
C．Unclean D．Negative.
7．Which of the following is the best title for the passage
A．Why It Pays to Share How Much You Make
B．Where Salary Information Difference Lies
C．What It Takes to Realize Gender Equality
D．How Woman’s Value Improves at Work.
14.(浙江省镇海中学2022-2023学年高三上学期英语模拟试题)
Monopoly (大富翁) is a very popular board game around the world today, but little is known about its American inventor, Elizabeth Magie, and the philosophy behind her invention.
Born in 1866, Magie was a rebel against the norms and politics of her times. Inspired by Henry George who believed that all men should have an equal right to use the land as they have to breathe air, she challenged the capitalist system of property ownership —in the form of a board game. In 1904, she patented her Landlord’s Game, which consisted of a circuit of streets and landmarks for sale.
Magie’s game contained two sets of rules: The Prosperity rules and the Monopolist rules. The Prosperity rules stated that every player should gain each time someone acquired a new property. The game was won (by all!) when the player starting with the least money doubled his or her fortune. Under Monopolist rules, on the other hand, each player advanced by acquiring properties and collecting rent from all who landed there later. Whoever managed to bankrupt the other players won the game. The purpose of the dual sets of rules, said Magie, was for players to understand how these different approaches to property can lead to different social outcomes: “all win” or “win all.”
The game soon became a hit on college campuses and among Quaker communities, and some people modified the game board. An unemployed player named Charles Darrow sold this modified version to the manufacturer Parker Brothers as his own. However, when the game’s true origin came to light, Parker Brothers bought the patent from Magie for only $500. They then re-launched the game as Monopoly, including only the rules leading to the triumph of one over all. Darrow was publicized as the inventor who had become a millionaire from selling the game. Thus a rags-to-riches myth was created, ironically exemplifying Monopoly’s implicit (含蓄的) values: Chase wealth and crush your opponents if you want to come out on top.
8．What is this passage mainly about
A．The creation and modification of a board game.
B．A fight between patent owners of a popular game.
C．A socio-economic victory behind a landlord game.
D．The person who became a millionaire from a fun game.
9．What was the main purpose of Magie’s Prosperity rules
A．To emphasize the value of the capitalist system.
B．To introduce different approaches to obtaining new land.
C．To advocate that all should be rewarded when one acquires wealth.
D．To challenge George’s idea that men should have an equal right to the land.
10．What does “a rags-to-riches myth” refer to in the last paragraph
A．A modified version of Monopoly.
B．Darrow’s success after selling the game.
C．Parker Brothers’ purchase of Magie’s patent.
D．The popularity of the game on college campuses.
11．Which of the following would best describe Magie’s feelings toward today’s version of her game
A．Excited. B．Relieved. C．Doubtful. D．Displeased.
15.(浙江省镇海中学2022-2023学年高三上学期英语模拟试题)
On a dark night, 11-year-old Joe was playing hide-and-seek with his friends in the backyard when he thought he saw Magellan—a huge housecat. However, when the cat suddenly jumped on his head, Joe found it turned out a young cougar. He backed away from the animal, then turned and ran inside the house.
Cougar encounters like this one are becoming increasingly common in the U.S. Most people assume that’s because cougar populations are growing, or because the big cats are coming into closer contact with the expanding web of human suburbs. But Professor Robert Wielgus at Washington State University argues that poorly designed hunting policies might be causing an increase in cougar-human conflicts.
Wielgus’s research teams have been fitting the big cats with radio collars and monitoring their movements. They find that the cougar population is actually declining rapidly and almost no male cougars are over four years of age. And a study shows that the heavily hunted area has five times as many cougar complaints as the lightly hunted area—even though the density of cougars is about the same in both areas.
Wielgus suspects that hunting policies, which allow older males to be killed to keep cougar populations in check, were the culprit and teenage cougars in the heavily hunted area may be responsible for most of the trouble. To test his theory, he adds two more groups of cougars to the tracking program—one in a heavily hunted area and another in a comparable but lightly hunted area. He concludes that heavy hunting indeed almost wipes out older males and the population structure in the heavily hunted area shifts toward younger animals.
With these findings, Wielgus believes without adults to keep them under control, the disorderly teens are more likely to come into conflict with humans, farm animals and pets.
Wielgus’s ideas don’t sit well with everyone. “Hunting definitely does cause lots of teenage males to flow in, but I don’t yet see solid proof that they are more likely to cause trouble than older cats,” says the University of Montana’s Robinson. “In many cases, the new arrivals have been squeezed out of remote wilderness habitat and forced into areas where they are more likely to encounter humans. I think humans are primarily responsible for all the interaction you see. We’re moving into these areas where cougars and deer are,” according to Alldredge, a researcher at the Colorado Division of Wildlife.
We may not understand what makes 18-year-old males more likely than 48-year-old men to do dangerous things, Wielgus says, but we know that the world would be a different place, if teenagers were in charge.
12．The passage begins with a story to ________.
A．lead into the topic B．describe an incident
C．show the author’s attitude D．warn of the dangers of cougars
13．The underline word “culprit” in Para. 4 is closest in meaning to ________.
A．effect B．evidence C．cause D．target
14．Which of the following is true
A．Alldredge agrees hunting results in the arrival of lots of teens.
B．Robinson doubts whether age is a key factor in human-cougar conflicts.
C．Alldredge believes killing older males may cause a bigger threat.
D．Robinson holds humans are to blame for the fall of older males.
15．What might Wielgus suggest to reduce cougar attacks
A．Driving teenage cougars back into their natural habitat.
B．Getting people to move out of the areas where cougars are.
C．Forbidding children to play in the backyard by themselves.
D．Changing hunting policies to ensure a healthy cougar population.