Module 10 Australia
Unit 1
学习目标
一、掌握本单元central，hate，according to，cut off等单词和短语。（重点）
二、掌握并灵活运用下列句子：（重点）
1. Here we go.
2. What’s its height
3. Does it lie off the northeast coast of Australia
三、能听懂介绍有关澳大利亚饮食、历史、文化知识的对话，并能辨别所描述的细节。
自主预习
一、新词自测读写单词或短语并熟记看谁记得快
1.中心的 adj. central
2.剪刀（复数） n. scissors
3.剪掉；切掉 cut off
4.羊毛n. wool
5.写日记 keep a diary
6.憎恨；讨厌v. hate
7.蚂蚁n. ant
8.刷子n. 刷v. brush
9.把某物从某物上刷掉 brush sth. off sth.
10.在东北的adj. northeastern
二、根据汉语意思完成句子
1.按照当地人的说法，它是一个特别的而且神奇的地方。
According to the local people , it’s a special and magical place.
2.他们戴着特殊的能赶走苍蝇的帽子。
They wear special hats that keep the files away .
课堂导学
1. This is a rock called Ayers Rock , in central Australia.
这块岩石叫艾尔斯岩，在澳大利亚中部。
语法1：过去分词作后置定语
called是过去分词，在本句中作后置定语，意为“被叫作”，相当于named，过去分词与它修饰的名词之间是被动关系。
Ten years ago , he lived in a beautiful village called Huaxi.
十年前他住在一个名叫华西的美丽村庄里
I have a pen pal called Joe.
我有一个叫乔的笔友。
即学即练一
用所给词的适当形式填空。
Do you know the girl called (call) Lucy
2. According to the local people , it’s a special and magical place.
据当地的人们所说，这是一个特殊而神奇的地方。
短语1：according to根据；按照
according to，意为“根据；按照”。一般according to引用的都是出自他人或他处的消息。
According to him , it is not true.
据他所言，这不是真的。
According to the writer , more and more kids become fat in China.
根据作者所写，中国有越来越多的孩子们变胖。
即学即练二
单项选择
B the instructions , you must take the medicine after meals.
A. Because of B. According to
C. Thanks to D. Instead of
解析：句意为“根据说明书,你必须在饭后吃药”，Because of意为“由于，因为”，According to意为“根据”。Thanks to意为“多亏”，Instead of意为“而不是，取代”。故选B。
3. They wear special hats that keep the files away.
他们戴着能把苍蝇赶走的特殊的帽子。
短语2： keep sth. away （使）避开；（使）不靠近
keep sth. away，意为“（使）避开；（使）不靠近”。
You’d better keep the polluted water away in order to keep healthy.
为了保持健康，你们最好能远离受污染的水。
拓展：keep的用法
keep为动词，意为“保持”，“keep sth. +介词(短语)/副词”，意为“使某物处于某种状态”；keep后还可接形容词或介词短语作表语。常用短语keep sb./sth. doing，意为“让某人/某物一直做”，强调动作的持续性。
It’s hot here. Let’s keep the window open.
这儿太热。我们还是让窗子开着吧。
I’m so sorry to have kept you waiting for so long.
非常抱歉让你等我那么长时间。
即学即练三
根据汉语意思完成句子
在夏天空调可以让热空气远离。
The air conditioner can keep the hot air away in summer.
4. The scissors that they’re holding are used to cut the wool off the sheep.
他们拿着的剪刀是用来从羊身上剪羊毛的。
短语3：cut off 剪掉；切掉；割掉
cut off是固定词组，意为“剪掉；切掉；割掉”，后跟名词或代词作宾语。当宾语为代词时，代词应放到cut与off之间；当宾语为名词时，名词放在off的前后都可以。
He had his finger cut off in an accident at work.
他在一次工作事故中切断了手指。
归纳：含cut的其他常用短语
cut down 砍倒;降低；缩短
cut out 切掉；突然停止
cut one’s hair 理发
cut in 插嘴
即学即练四
单项选择
With electricity B because of the road repairs , the whole building was completely dark.
A. cut up B. cut off
C. cut out D. cut down
解析：cut up，意为“切碎”，cut off意为“切断”，cut out意为“剪掉”，cut down意为“砍倒；减少”。句意为“由于修路电被切断后，整个大楼一片漆黑”。故选B。
5. I hated the ants that were all over the place.
我讨厌蚂蚁，那里到处都是。
单词1： hate憎恨；讨厌
hate作及物动词，意为“憎恨；讨厌”，hate不用于进行时态，其后可接名词、代词、动名词和动词不定式作宾语。
My sister hates the smell of smoke.
我妹妹讨厌烟的气味
I hate lying and cheating.
我讨厌说谎与欺骗
辨析：hate to do sth.与hate doing sth.的区别
hate to do sth多表示具体的一次性的动作，而hate doing sth.多表示习惯性的、经常性的、一般性的动作。
I hate to do some chore after school
我讨厌放学后做家务当。
Lucy hated eating meat when she was a child.
露西是个孩子的时候，她讨厌吃肉。
即学即练五
单项选择
- What do you think of action movies
- They ‘re OK . I don’t B them.
A. love B. hate C. mind D. stand
解析：句意为“你认为动作电影怎么样？”“还行。我并不讨厌它们。”A项意为“喜欢“；B项意为“讨厌”；C项意为“介意”；D项，意为“站立；忍受”。故选B。
Unit 2
学习目标
一、掌握本单元period，spirit，relationship，be surprised at…等单词和短语。（重点）
二、能读懂介绍旅游的文章理解语篇主题和细节
三、能运用课文中的重点单词及短语等按事情发生的先后顺序描述旅游经历。
自主预习
根据句意及汉语提示完成单词
1. Mary felt much better after a period (阶段) of medical treatment.
2.Cancer destroyed (破坏) her body but not her spirit (精神).
3.The relationship (关系) between the police and the local people has improved.
4.A distant(远距离的) relative (亲戚) is not as good as a near neighbour.
5.I surf (冲浪) the Internet two hours a day。
课堂导学
1. At the moment , we are staying near Ayers Rock.
此刻，我们在艾尔斯岩附近。
短语1： at the moment现在,此刻
at the moment是介词短语，意为“现在,此刻”，常与现在进行时或一般现在时连用。 moment是名词，意为“片刻，瞬间”。
The Smiths are having dinner at home at the moment
史密斯一家人此刻正在家里吃饭.。
At the moment I am not hungry.
我现在不饿
即学即练一
单项选择
The thief was caught stealing money from the shop opposite the school and C by the local police at the moment.
A. was questioned
B. had questioned
C. is being questioned
D. has been questioning
解析：句意为“小偷被抓住在学校对面的商店偷钱，现在正在被警察询问”。由时间状语at the moment(现在)可知要用现在进行时，且the thief和question是被动关系，应用现在进行时的被动语态。故选C。
2…and I was surprised at how big it was : 3.6 kilometres long and 348 metres high!
……我对它如此之大感到惊奇：长3.6千米，高348米。
短语2：be surprised at…对感到惊奇/吃惊
be surprised at…，意为“对感到惊奇/吃惊”。surprised为形容词，意为“感到吃惊的”，一般用来修饰人，be surprised后还可接动词不定式或that引导的宾语从句。
I am very surprised at his great progress.
我对他取得的巨大进步感到惊讶。
He was surprised to hear the news.
听到那个消息他很吃惊
They were all surprised that we really went to the desert.
我们真的去了沙漠这让他们所有人感到吃惊。
即学即练二
单项选择
The fans were D to know the death of their favorite singing star Whitney Houston.
A. glad B. angry C. Excited D. surprised
解析：句意为“粉丝们知道他们最喜爱的歌星惠特妮·休斯顿死亡的消息时很惊讶”，glad意为“高兴的”，angry意为“生气的”，Excited意为“兴奋的”，surprised意为“惊讶的”。
3…the colours of the rock turn dark blue ,purple ,yellow and red.
岩石的颜色变成深蓝色，紫色，黄色和红色。
单词1：turn变成；变得
turn作系动词时，意为“变成；变得”，后常接形容词作表语。
His face turned red because he couldn’t answer the teacher’s question.
他的脸变红了，因为他没能回答上老师的问题。
即学即练三
单项选择
In autumn when leaves B yellow, they soon begin to fall down to the ground.
A. keep B. turn
C. stay D. turned
解析：keep, turn, stay三个词都可作系动词，后接形容词作表语。keep和stay都表示“保持”；而turn表示“变得，变成”，符合句意且句子应该用一般现在时。故选B。
Unit 3
学习目标
一、掌握that引导的定语从句的用法。（重点）
二、能运用本单元所学的知识询问他人的旅游经历或描述自己的旅游经历。
自主预习
将下列句子改为含有定语从句的句子
1. Zhai Zhigang became the first Chinese astronaut to walk in space
Zhai Zhigang became the first Chinese astronaut that walked in space.
2. It is the most beautiful city . I have visited the city.
It is the most beautiful city that I have visited .
3. A robot is a machine .A robot can do some difficult work.
A robot is a machine that can do some difficult work.
课堂导学
1．Australia has more beaches than any other country – more than 10,000!
澳大利亚的海滩比其他任何国家的海滩都要多——超过10 000个。
短语1：any other任何其他的
any other，意为“任何其他的”，后接可数名词单数，通常用于比较级句型，多用于同一范围内相比较。常可与“the other+可数名词复数”或the others互换。
Lucy is more careful than any other student in her class.
露西比她班里其他任何一个学生都仔细
Lucy is more careful than the other students in her class.
露西比她班里其他所有的学生都仔细
即学即练一
单项选择
- A do you think of the basketball match
- It’s perfect . It’s more exciting than match that I have ever watched.
A. What ; any other B. How ; any other
C. How ; any others D. What ; any others
解析：句意为“你觉得这场足球赛怎么样？”“它很完美。比我以前看过的任何一场比赛都要精彩得多”。What do you think of…表示“你认为……怎么样？”“any other+单数可数名词”表示“任何其他的”。故选A。
2．But my mum says that it rained a lot .
但我妈妈说那里常下雨。
短语2：a lot 非常；十分
a lot可用作程度副词，含有“非常；十分”之意，用来修饰动词或动词短语，也可以修饰形容词的比较级。
It snows a lot at this time of the year.
每年的这个时候都经常下雪。
I’m feeling a lot better.
我感觉好多了。
即学即练二
单项选择
- Don’t worry, let me give you a hand.
- Thank you B
A. lots of B. a lot C. many D. much
解析：修饰动词短语thank you应用程度副词，a lot意为“非常；十分”，thank you a lot意为“非常感谢”。故选B。
语法规律总结
that引导的定语从句
一、定语从句的定义
在复合句中起定语作用、修饰句中的名词或代词的从句，被称为定语从句被修饰的名词或代词被称为先行词。定语从句由关系代词或关系副词引导。当关系代词作定语从句的主语时，定语从句的谓语动词的人称和数取决于先行词的人称和数。
二、that引导的定语从句
that引导定语从句时，可以指事物，也可指人，在从句中作主语或宾语。作宾语时，常可省略。需要注意的是：that前不能有介词;that不能引导非限制性定语从句。
There are some films (that) I’d like to see.
有几部我想看的电影。
She is the only one among us that knows French.
她是我们当中唯一懂法语的人。
三、当先行词为物时，只能用that而不能用which的情况
1.当先行词是all, everything ,nothing ,something ,anything ,much, little ,few等不定代词时。
There is nothing that can prevent him form doing it .
没有什么能阻止他干那件事。
2.先行词被序数词修饰时。
The first place that they visited in Guilin was Elephant Trunk Hill.
在桂林他们参观的第一个地方是象鼻山。
3.先行词被形容词最高级修饰时。
This is the best film that I have ever seen.
这部电影是我看过的最好的一部。
4.先行词被the very , the only等修饰时。
Mr Smith is the only foreigner (that) he knows.
史密斯先生是他认识的唯一的外国人。
This is the very dictionary (that) I want to buy.
这正是我要买的词典。
即学即练
单项选择
1. – Have you been to the new Sports Center D is just opened in town
- No, not yet.
A. where B. who
C. when D. that
解析：句意为“你去过镇上刚开的新体育中心吗 ”“还没有”。The new Sports Center为先行词且在从句中作主语，指物，因此用that引导后面的定语从句。
2. Beijing blind is something C most people can’t imagine.
A. who B. what
C. that D. whom
解析：先行词是something，且定语从句缺宾语，关系代词用that。故选C。Module 10 Australia
Unit 1
学习目标
一、掌握本单元central，hate，according to，cut off等单词和短语。（重点）
二、掌握并灵活运用下列句子：（重点）
1. Here we go.
2. What’s its height
3. Does it lie off the northeast coast of Australia
三、能听懂介绍有关澳大利亚饮食、历史、文化知识的对话，并能辨别所描述的细节。
自主预习
一、新词自测读写单词或短语并熟记看谁记得快
1.中心的 adj.
2.剪刀（复数） n.
3.剪掉；切掉
4.羊毛n.
5.写日记
6.憎恨；讨厌v.
7.蚂蚁n.
8.刷子n. 刷v.
9.把某物从某物上刷掉
10.在东北的adj.
二、根据汉语意思完成句子
1.按照当地人的说法，它是一个特别的而且神奇的地方。
the local people , it’s a special and place.
2.他们戴着特殊的能赶走苍蝇的帽子。
They wear special hats that the .
课堂导学
1. This is a rock called Ayers Rock , in central Australia.
这块岩石叫艾尔斯岩，在澳大利亚中部。
语法1：过去分词作后置定语
called是过去分词，在本句中作后置定语，意为“被叫作”，相当于named，过去分词与它修饰的名词之间是被动关系。
Ten years ago , he lived in a beautiful village Huaxi.
十年前他住在一个名叫华西的美丽村庄里
I have a pen pal Joe.
我有一个叫乔的笔友。
即学即练一
用所给词的适当形式填空。
Do you know the girl (call) Lucy
2.According to the local people , it’s a special and magical place.
据当地的人们所说，这是一个特殊而神奇的地方。
短语1：according to根据；按照
according to，意为“根据；按照”。一般according to引用的都是出自他人或他处的消息。
him , it is not true.
据他所言，这不是真的。
the writer , more and more kids become fat in China.
根据作者所写，中国有越来越多的孩子们变胖。
即学即练二
单项选择
the instructions , you must take the medicine after meals.
A. Because of B. According to
C. Thanks to D. Instead of
3. They wear special hats that keep the files away.
他们戴着能把苍蝇赶走的特殊的帽子。
短语2： keep sth. away （使）避开；（使）不靠近
keep sth. away，意为“（使）避开；（使）不靠近”。
You’d better the polluted water in order to keep healthy.
为了保持健康，你们最好能远离受污染的水。
拓展：keep的用法
keep为动词，意为“保持”，“keep sth. +介词(短语)/副词”，意为“使某物处于某种状态”；keep后还可接形容词或介词短语作表语。常用短语keep sb./sth. doing，意为“让某人/某物一直做”，强调动作的持续性。
It’s hot here. Let’s keep the window open.
这儿太热。我们还是让窗子开着吧。
I’m so sorry to have kept you waiting for so long.
非常抱歉让你等我那么长时间。
即学即练三
根据汉语意思完成句子
在夏天空调可以让热空气远离。
The air conditioner can the hot air in summer.
4. The scissors that they’re holding are used to cut the wool off the sheep.
他们拿着的剪刀是用来从羊身上剪羊毛的。
短语3：cut off 剪掉；切掉；割掉
cut off是固定词组，意为“剪掉；切掉；割掉”，后跟名词或代词作宾语。当宾语为代词时，代词应放到cut与off之间；当宾语为名词时，名词放在off的前后都可以。
He had his finger in an accident at work.
他在一次工作事故中切断了手指。
归纳：含cut的其他常用短语
cut down 砍倒;降低；缩短
cut out 切掉；突然停止
cut one’s hair 理发
cut in 插嘴
即学即练四
单项选择
With electricity because of the road repairs , the whole building was completely dark.
A. cut up B. cut off
C. cut out D. cut down
5. I hated the ants that were all over the place.
我讨厌蚂蚁，那里到处都是。
单词1： hate憎恨；讨厌
hate作及物动词，意为“憎恨；讨厌”，hate不用于进行时态，其后可接名词、代词、动名词和动词不定式作宾语。
My sister the smell of smoke.
我妹妹讨厌烟的气味
I lying and cheating.
我讨厌说谎与欺骗
辨析：hate to do sth.与hate doing sth.的区别
hate to do sth多表示具体的一次性的动作，而hate doing sth.多表示习惯性的、经常性的、一般性的动作。
I hate to do some chore after school
我讨厌放学后做家务当。
Lucy hated eating meat when she was a child.
露西是个孩子的时候，她讨厌吃肉。
即学即练五
单项选择
- What do you think of action movies
- They ‘re OK . I don’t them.
A. love B. hate C. mind D. stand
Unit 2
学习目标
一、掌握本单元period，spirit，relationship，be surprised at…等单词和短语。（重点）
二、能读懂介绍旅游的文章理解语篇主题和细节
三、能运用课文中的重点单词及短语等按事情发生的先后顺序描述旅游经历。
自主预习
根据句意及汉语提示完成单词
1. Mary felt much better after a (阶段) of medical treatment.
2.Cancer destroyed (破坏) her body but not her (精神).
3.The (关系) between the police and the local people has improved.
4.A distant(远距离的) (亲戚) is not as good as a near neighbour.
5.I (冲浪) the Internet two hours a day。
课堂导学
1. At the moment , we are staying near Ayers Rock.
此刻，我们在艾尔斯岩附近。
短语1： at the moment现在,此刻
at the moment是介词短语，意为“现在,此刻”，常与现在进行时或一般现在时连用。 moment是名词，意为“片刻，瞬间”。
The Smiths are having dinner at home
史密斯一家人此刻正在家里吃饭.。
I am not hungry.
我现在不饿
即学即练一
单项选择
The thief was caught stealing money from the shop opposite the school and by the local police at the moment.
A. was questioned
B. had questioned
C. is being questioned
D. has been questioning
2…and I was surprised at how big it was : 3.6 kilometres long and 348 metres high!
……我对它如此之大感到惊奇：长3.6千米，高348米。
短语2：be surprised at…对感到惊奇/吃惊
be surprised at…，意为“对感到惊奇/吃惊”。surprised为形容词，意为“感到吃惊的”，一般用来修饰人，be surprised后还可接动词不定式或that引导的宾语从句。
I his great progress.
我对他取得的巨大进步感到惊讶。
He hear the news.
听到那个消息他很吃惊
They we really went to the desert.
我们真的去了沙漠这让他们所有人感到吃惊。
即学即练二
单项选择
The fans were to know the death of their favorite singing star Whitney Houston.
A. glad B. angry C. Excited D. surprised
3…the colours of the rock turn dark blue ,purple ,yellow and red.
岩石的颜色变成深蓝色，紫色，黄色和红色。
单词1：turn变成；变得
turn作系动词时，意为“变成；变得”，后常接形容词作表语。
His face red because he couldn’t answer the teacher’s question.
他的脸变红了，因为他没能回答上老师的问题。
即学即练三
单项选择
In autumn when leaves yellow, they soon begin to fall down to the ground.
A. keep B. turn
C. stay D. turned
Unit 3
学习目标
一、掌握that引导的定语从句的用法。（重点）
二、能运用本单元所学的知识询问他人的旅游经历或描述自己的旅游经历。
自主预习
将下列句子改为含有定语从句的句子
1. Zhai Zhigang became the first Chinese astronaut to walk in space
Zhai Zhigang became the first Chinese astronaut inspace.
2. It is the most beautiful city . I have visited the city.
It is the most beautiful city .
3. A robot is a machine .A robot can do some difficult work.
A robot is a machine some difficult work.
课堂导学
1．Australia has more beaches than any other country – more than 10，000!
澳大利亚的海滩比其他任何国家的海滩都要多——超过10 000个！
短语1：any other任何其他的
any other，意为“任何其他的”，后接可数名词单数，通常用于比较级句型，多用于同一范围内相比较。常可与“the other+可数名词复数”或the others互换。
Lucy is more careful than in her class.
露西比她班里其他任何一个学生都仔细
Lucy is more careful than in her class.
露西比她班里其他所有的学生都仔细
即学即练一
单项选择
- do you think of the basketball match
- It’s perfect . It’s more exciting than match that I have ever watched.
A. What ; any other B. How ; any other
C. How ; any others D. What ; any others
2．But my mum says that it rained a lot.
但我妈妈说那里常下雨。
短语2：a lot 非常；十分
a lot可用作程度副词，含有“非常；十分”之意，用来修饰动词或动词短语，也可以修饰形容词的比较级。
It snows at this time of the year.
每年的这个时候都经常下雪。
I’m feeling better.
我感觉好多了。
即学即练二
单项选择
- Don’t worry, let me give you a hand.
- Thank you
A. lots of B. a lot C. many D. much
语法规律总结
that引导的定语从句
一、定语从句的定义
在复合句中起定语作用、修饰句中的名词或代词的从句，被称为定语从句被修饰的名词或代词被称为先行词。定语从句由关系代词或关系副词引导。当关系代词作定语从句的主语时，定语从句的谓语动词的人称和数取决于先行词的人称和数。
二、that引导的定语从句
that引导定语从句时，可以指事物，也可指人，在从句中作主语或宾语。作宾语时，常可省略。需要注意的是：that前不能有介词;that不能引导非限制性定语从句。
There are some films (that) I’d like to see.
有几部我想看的电影。
She is the only one among us that knows French.
她是我们当中唯一懂法语的人。
三、当先行词为物时，只能用that而不能用which的情况
1.当先行词是all, everything ,nothing ,something ,anything ,much, little ,few等不定代词时。
There is nothing that can prevent him form doing it .
没有什么能阻止他干那件事。
2.先行词被序数词修饰时。
The first place that they visited in Guilin was Elephant Trunk Hill.
在桂林他们参观的第一个地方是象鼻山。
3.先行词被形容词最高级修饰时。
This is the best film that I have ever seen.
这部电影是我看过的最好的一部。
4.先行词被the very , the only等修饰时。
Mr Smith is the only foreigner (that) he knows.
史密斯先生是他认识的唯一的外国人。
This is the very dictionary (that) I want to buy.
这正是我要买的词典。
即学即练
单项选择
1. – Have you been to the new Sports Center is just opened in town
- No, not yet.
A. where B. who
C. when D. that
2. Beijing blind is something most people can’t imagine.
A. who B. what
C. that D. whom
