课件63张PPT。专题二十 各种从句专
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测返回目录返回目录专题二十 各种从句从句包括名词性从句(即主语从句、宾语从句、同位语从句、表语从句)、状语从句和定语从句。与多项选择试题不同,湖北省高考英语卷完成句子试题对从句的考查非常复杂,它不仅考查连接词,还涉及谓语动词的时态语态以及词的搭配。试题一般不给出连接词,而是把连接词也作为测试点之一。因此考查的综合性强,难度也比较大。回顾近五年的高考试题,各种从句的考查几乎全都涉及。答题时要善于结合语境和题意,正确判断各种从句以及相对应的连接词,并能兼顾其他知识综合考虑,这是至关重要的。专
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读返回目录专题二十 各种从句专题考点聚焦
·定语从句·
考点一 关系代词as和which
在非限制性定语从句中,as和which可代替整个主句,相当于and this或and that。二者的区别主要在于:
①as引导的非限制性定语从句既可以在主句前,也可以在主句后,有时还可以插入句中,常表示“正如……,正像……”的意思。而which引导的非限制性定语从句只能放在主句之后,翻译成“这”。
②若先行词由such, the same, so adj.+a/an等修饰时,用as充当关系代词引导定语从句,在定语从句中充当主语、宾语等。专
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读返回目录专题二十 各种从句 考点二 “介词+关系代词”引导的定语从句
“介词+关系代词”引导的定语从句,关系代词指人时用whom,指物时用which。
①“介词+关系代词”前可有some, any, none, both, all, neither, most, each, few等代词或者数词修饰,且有时这些数词或代词也可以放在“介词+关系代词”之后。如:
He loves his parents deeply, both of whom are very kind to him.=He loves his parents deeply, of whom both are very kind to him.
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读返回目录专题二十 各种从句②介词+which/whom+to do结构。这种结构可以改为:介词+which/whom+定语从句。如:
I don't have enough money with which to buy such an expensive dress.=I don't have enough money with which I can buy such an expensive dress.专
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读返回目录专题二十 各种从句考点三 关系词whose
whose可以指代人或物,在定语从句中作定语, 后跟名词。指物时,whose+名词=the+名词+of which=of which the+名词。还原: the+名词+of+先行词/先行 词's+名词。如:
The classroom whose door/the door of which/of which the door is broken is on the second floor.(whose在从句中作定语,修饰door,定语从句可还原为:The door of the classroom is broken.)专
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读返回目录专题二十 各种从句考点四 关系副词when/where/why
①关系副词的分类和作用
when指时间,在定语从句中作时间状语,when=表示时间的介词(in/at/on/during…)+which。
where指地点,在定语从句中作地点状语,where=表示地点的介词(in/at/on/under…)+which。
why指原因,在定语从句中作原因状语, why=表示原因的介词(for)+which。
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读返回目录专题二十 各种从句②以the way为先行词的定语从句,若way 在句中表示方式状语,则由in which或that引导,而且通常可以省略。如:
The way (in which/that) he answered the question was surprising.(in which/that在从句中充当状语)
注意:The way (which/that) he explained to us was quite simple.(which/that在从句中充当宾语)
③有时为了表达更清楚,可以在关系副词where/when前加上介词to, from等。如:
China is the birthplace of kites, from where kites spread to Japan, Korea, Thailand and India.
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读返回目录专题二十 各种从句④一些特殊的先行词如situation, point, case, activity, scene, period, festival及occasion等要注意具体情况具体分析。这一类词作主语、宾语和表语时关系词用that/which,作状语时关系词用where/when/“介词+which”。专
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读返回目录专题二十 各种从句考点五 定语从句中的主谓一致
①关系代词在定语从句中作主语时,从句谓语动词的人称和数要和先行词保持一致。如:
I, who am your close friend, will try my best to help you whenever you are in trouble.
②one of+复数名词+关系代词+复数动词;而the only one of+复数名词+关系代词+单数动词。如:
Harry Potter is one of the best-sellers that are popular with teenagers.
Harry Potter is the only one of the best-sellers that makes the author a billionaire.专
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读返回目录专题二十 各种从句·名词性从句·
考点一 引导名词性从句的连词
1. 常见的连词
①that从句,从句为一个句意完整的陈述句,that 不能省略,没有具体的汉语意思,不充当句子成分。
②whether从句,从句来源于一般疑问句,whether不能省略,意为“是否”。
注意:if 只可以连接动词(discuss除外)后的宾语从句。即确定意思是“是否”的前提下,名词性从句的连词优先选用whether。
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读返回目录专题二十 各种从句③特殊疑问词引导的从句,从句来源于特殊疑问句,特殊疑问词不能省略,意思为特殊疑问词本来的意思,在从句中充当句子成分。
2. 名词性从句中重难点连词
①where 可表示抽象意义,意为“……的地方,……点”;when 可表示“……的时候”。
②what 引导名词性从句时,可视上下文理解为“the+名词+that…”。例:
A.what=the thing that/anything that…
B.what=the place that…
C.what=the time that…
D.what=the person that…专
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读返回目录专题二十 各种从句③whoever 引导名词性从句时,whoever=anybody who…; whatever引导名词性从句时,whatever=anything that…; whichever 引导名词性从句时,whichever=any+名词+that…。如:
Whoever (Anybody who) breaks the law will be punished.
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读返回目录专题二十 各种从句3. 引导词that与what的区别
what既有引导主语从句的作用,同时又在从句中作句子成分(主语、宾语、表语等),这时what相当于all that/everything that等,常译成“所……的(东西、事情、话等)”;而that只起连接作用,本身无实际意义,在从句中也不充当任何句子成分。that引导的主语从句放在句首时,不能省略that。如:
What we can't get seems better than what we have.
That a new teacher will come to teach us geography is true.
4.固定句型:A is to B what C is to D.专
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读返回目录专题二十 各种从句考点二 名词性从句中的语气
①在“It is necessary/natural/important/strange…+that从句”中,从句中的谓语动词用“should+动词原形”表虚拟语气,且should可省略。
②表示“建议、命令、要求”意义的动词,后接that从句时,从句中的谓语动词要用虚拟语气,即“should+动词原形”,且should可省略。
③表示“建议、要求、命令、想法”意义的名词,后接that从句时,从句中的谓语动词要用虚拟语气,即“should+动词原形”,且should可省略。这类名词有:专
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读返回目录专题二十 各种从句advice,agreement,command,decision,demand,determination,order,preference,proposal,request,requirement等。 专
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读返回目录专题二十 各种从句考点三 名词性从句中的时态
主句时态为过去时,从句时态为过去的某一时态;主句时态为现在时或将来时,从句时态视具体情况而定。
考点四 形式主语和形式宾语it
主语从句作句子主语,为平衡句子结构,避免头重脚轻,用it 作形式主语;同理,宾语从句作宾语,为平衡句子结构,避免句子中间臃肿,用it 作形式宾语,使句子瘦身。it所代替的真正的主语从句或宾语从句则放在句子的最后面。专
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读返回目录专题二十 各种从句 ·状语从句·
考点一 状语从句的时态
高考主要考查时间、条件、让步状语从句用一般现在时表将来及一般过去时代替过去将来时的用法。
考点二 状语从句的结构
高考主要考查结构较为复杂、特殊的状语从句,如no matter+疑问词;whatever,however,as引导的让步状语从句;“the+比较级,the+比较级”中的比较状语从句等。专
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读返回目录专题二十 各种从句考点三 状语从句的省略
在时间、原因、条件、方式、让步等状语从句中,常常省略相同的主语或作主语的代词it以及be动词,保留现在分词、过去分词、介词短语、不定式等成分。如果从句中有“it is+形容词”,也可以省略it is。
考点四 从属连词的选择和辨析
高考重点考查引导状语从句的从属连词,如引导时间状语从句的immediately,the moment,every time,once等;引导条件状语从句的as long as等;引导原因状语从句的now that,since等;引导让步状语从句的even if,even though等;引导目的状语从句的in case,in order that等。专
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读返回目录专题二十 各种从句考点五 where引导地点状语从句
where引导的地点状语从句和where引导的定语从句、表语从句以及宾语从句的区别。如:
①The flower grows best where it often rains.这种花在经常下雨的地方长得最好。(地点状语从句)
②The flower grows best in the place where it often rains.这种花在经常下雨的地方长得最好。(定语从句)专
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读返回目录专题二十 各种从句真
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1.[2013·湖北卷] Knowing _________________ _______ reduces the risks of failure and it works like an insurance policy for your own ability.(do)
知道你正在干什么,能降低失败的风险,这就像给自己的能力买了份保险。[答案] what you are doing/the things (that/which) you are doing返回目录专题二十 各种从句真
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2.[2013·湖北卷] I don't often lose things, so I was quite surprised ________________________ my wallet and found it wasn't there.(reach)
我不常丢东西,所以当我要拿钱包却发现钱包不在时,我大吃一惊。[答案] when I reached for/the moment I reached for/at the time when I reached for返回目录专题二十 各种从句真
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3.[2013·湖北卷] Through the course of my schooling, I met many teachers, two ____________ ____________ me greatly.(influence)
上学时我遇到过很多老师,其中两位对我影响很大。[答案] of whom influenced/of whom have influenced返回目录专题二十 各种从句真
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4.[2012·湖北卷] Things aren't always _________ _______________.(appear)
事情往往不是它们看上去的那样。[答案] what they appear (to be) 返回目录专题二十 各种从句真
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5.[2012·湖北卷] However ________________ _______, I could not read his handwriting.(try)
不论我怎样努力,还是没法看清他写的字。[答案] hard/much I (had) tried 返回目录专题二十 各种从句真
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6.[2011·湖北卷变式] _____________________ ___was that the young player performed extremely well in the table tennis tournament.(delight)
令球迷欣喜的是这个年轻的球员在乒乓球锦标赛上表现非凡。[答案] What delighted the fans 返回目录专题二十 各种从句真
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7.[2011·湖北卷变式] Be careful! The machine starts ________________________the button.(moment)
小心!你一按按钮这个机器就启动了。[答案] the moment you press 返回目录专题二十 各种从句真
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8.[2010·湖北卷变式] The news _______________ _______________has caused many people to sell their houses at lower prices.(fall)
房价将要下跌,这个消息致使许多人低价抛售他们的房子。[答案] that the housing price will fall返回目录专题二十 各种从句真
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9.[2010·湖北卷变式] ______________________ __many times, “serve the people” is our first policy.(stress)
正如我们多次强调的那样,“为人民服务”是我们的宗旨。[答案] As we have stressed返回目录专题二十 各种从句真
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10.[2010·湖北卷变式] My mother was so proud of all ________________________that she rewarded me with a trip to Beijing.(do)
妈妈为我所做的一切感到如此骄傲,以至于她奖励我一次北京之旅。[答案] that I had done返回目录专题二十 各种从句真
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11.[2009·湖北卷变式] Learning strategies, to _______ _________________importance, have not yet drawn enough attention of students.(attach)
学习的策略,对此老师们非常重视,却没有引起学生们的足够注意。[答案] which(the) teachers attach/have attached返回目录专题二十 各种从句真
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12.[2008·湖北卷变式] The place_______________ _______________is very hot and damp in summer.(grow)
我成长的地方在夏季又热又潮湿。[答案] in which/where I grew up返回目录专题二十 各种从句真
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13.[2013·新课标全国卷Ⅱ变式] When I arrived, Bryan took me to see the house____________ ____________.(stay)
当我到达时,Bryan带我去看了我将要住的房子。[答案] where I would be staying返回目录专题二十 各种从句真
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14.[2013·北京卷变式] ________________________ so extraordinary is the creative imagination of the writer.(make)
让这本书如此不同寻常的是作者创造性的想象力。[答案] What makes the book 返回目录专题二十 各种从句真
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15.[2013·天津卷变式] We have launched another man-made satellite, ________________________ in today's newspaper.(announce)
我们又发射了一颗人造卫星,这件事是在今天的报纸上宣布的。[答案] which is announced返回目录专题二十 各种从句真
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16.[2013·安徽卷变式] Mo Yan was awarded the Nobel Prize for Literature in 2012, _______________ _______ one of the Chinese people's long-held dreams come true.(make)
莫言被授予2012年诺贝尔文学奖,这使中国人长久以来怀有的梦想之一变成了现实。[答案] which made返回目录专题二十 各种从句真
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17.[2013·江西卷变式] He wrote a letter_______ _________________ what had happened in the accident.(explain)
他写了一封信,信中他解释了事故中发生了什么。[答案] in which/where he explained返回目录专题二十 各种从句真
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18.[2013·重庆卷变式] John invited about 40 people to his wedding, _______________________________ family members.(be)
约翰邀请了大约40人参加他的婚礼,他们当中绝大部分是家庭成员。[答案] most of whom are返回目录专题二十 各种从句真
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19.[2013·安徽卷变式] It's much easier to make friends________________________.(have)
当你们有相似兴趣的时候,交朋友就容易多了。[答案] when you have similar interests返回目录专题二十 各种从句真
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20.[2013·浙江卷变式] The only way to succeed at the highest level is to have total belief__________________ than anyone else on the sports field.(be)
唯一能在最高水平(竞赛中)成功的方法就是要完全相信在(那个)运动场上,你比其他任何人都优秀。[答案] that you are better 返回目录专题二十 各种从句真
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21.[2013·陕西卷变式] ________________________ the newly formed committee's policy can be put into practice.(remain)
新组成的委员会制定的政策是否能被实施还有待观察。[答案] It remains to be seen whether返回目录专题二十 各种从句真
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22.[2013·陕西卷变式] He may win the competition, ________________________ to get into the national team.(likely)
他有可能赢得这次比赛,在这种情况下,他有可能进入到国家队。[答案] in which case he is likely返回目录专题二十 各种从句真
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23.[2013·辽宁卷变式] I took my driving license with me on holiday, ________________________ to hire a car.(want)
休假时我随身带着我的驾驶证,以防我要租车。[答案] in case I wanted返回目录专题二十 各种从句新
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测1.Nowadays young people just can't live without the Internet; they depend on it for ________________ ________.(need)
如今的年轻人离开网络就无法生活,不管他们需要什么信息他们都依靠它来获取。[答案] whatever information they need返回目录专题二十 各种从句新
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测2.He was conscious of the fact _______________ _________what he was doing.(approve)
他意识到她不赞成他正在做的事。[答案] that she didn't approve of返回目录专题二十 各种从句新
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测3.You must remind him of the deadline for applications, ________________________.(forget)
你一定要提醒他申请的截止日期,以免他忘记。[答案] in case he forgets返回目录专题二十 各种从句新
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测4.The war left the family scattered all over the world, and it was two decades___________________________ ____________________________________________.(get)
那场战争使这个家庭流落到世界各地,二十年后他们才相聚。[答案] before they got together返回目录专题二十 各种从句新
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测5.The more fruit you take, the less possibility there is________________________ diseases.(suffer)
水果吃得越多,你得病的可能性就越小。[答案] that you (will) suffer from返回目录专题二十 各种从句新
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测6.________________________ into the master bedroom I told Hillary we had to buy the house.(instant)
上楼走进主卧室的瞬间,我跟希拉里说,这房子我们买定了。[答案] The instant I walked/went upstairs返回目录专题二十 各种从句新
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测7.After returning from Sichuan, he was often asked the question ________________________.(survive)
从四川回来后,他经常被问到他是如何在地震中逃生的问题。[答案] (of) how he survived the earthquake返回目录专题二十 各种从句新
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测8.The child was told to remain __________________ ______so that he could be found easily.(lose)
那个孩子被告知待在他迷路的地方,这样就可以很容易找到他了。[答案] where he got/was lost返回目录专题二十 各种从句新
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测9.The Bride With White Hair,______________ __________ Liang Yusheng's novel of the same title, enjoyed a great success.(adapt)
由梁羽生的同名小说改编的《新白发魔女传》获得了很大的成功。[答案] which was adapted from返回目录专题二十 各种从句新
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测10.There are many people present at the meeting, ________________________the same school.(belong)
有许多人出席会议,其中三分之二属于同一所学校。[答案] two thirds of whom belong to返回目录 备用习题1. The reason ________________________ the search on a large scale was that the lost child had little chance of survival. (abandon)
他们之所以放弃大规模搜寻是因为那个失踪的孩子没有什么生还的可能了。[答案] why they abandoned 返回目录 备用习题2. Barack Obama delivered a speech to 1,000 local youths during his visit to Shanghai, _____________ ___________ Fudan and Tongji University. (belong)
奥巴马总统访问上海期间向当地1000名青年人发表了演讲,他们中大多数来自复旦大学和同济大学。[答案] most of whom belong to返回目录 备用习题3. Soon after getting off his horse, the captain appeared at the second storey windows, ___________ _____________ nothing but trees. (see)
下马不久,上尉就出现在二楼的窗口了, 从那里除了树木他什么也没看到。[答案] from where he saw/could see返回目录 备用习题4. Cooperation or teamwork,the importance of________________________,plays an important part in football matches. (stress)
合作或团队协作在足球比赛中起着很重要的作用,其重要性经常被强调。[答案] which is often stressed返回目录 备用习题5.However, I lost sight of Wang Ping when we reached ________________________ because of too many carriages flying by in all directions. (look)
可是,当我们到达一个看上去像是大市场的地方时,由于太多马车朝四面八方飞奔,我看不见王平了。[答案] what looked like a large market返回目录 备用习题6.Handwriting, to ________________________, hasn't drawn enough attention of the students. (attach)
书写,老师们经常认为很重要,学生们却没引起足够的重视。[答案] which the teachers attach (much/great) importance/significance返回目录 备用习题7.He turned a deaf ear to _________________ _____,addicted to playing the computer games.(what)
他对我曾经说过的话充耳不闻,一味沉迷于游戏。[答案] what I had said返回目录 备用习题8.________________________ many times, you cannot be too careful in learning. (tell)
正如已经多次说过的那样,在学习中你再怎么仔细都不为过。[答案] As has been told返回目录 备用习题9.________________________ was that he had received no apology for what happened yesterday. (annoy)
令他恼怒的是他还没有因昨天发生的事情而收到任何道歉。[答案] What annoyed him返回目录 备用习题10.________________________ to school after an absence, I felt stupid because I was behind the others in my studies. (time)
每次我缺课后返回学校时,我就因学习落后而觉得自己很笨。[答案] Every time I returned/came back