2010--2011高考真题复习资料:名词 有答案详解

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名称 2010--2011高考真题复习资料:名词 有答案详解
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更新时间 2014-01-02 15:45:42

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第1章 专题1名词
1.(2011·湖北卷,21)“Tommy,run! Be quick! The house is on fire!” the mother shouted,with ________ clearly in her voice.
A.anger B.rudeness
C.regret D.panic
答案:D。本题考查名词辨析。句意:“汤米,跑!快点儿!房子着火了!”妈妈大喊,嗓音中明显地带着恐慌。选项anger“生气”;rudeness“粗鲁”;regret“遗憾”;panic“恐慌”。根据妈妈的喊话可以确定这是个令人恐慌的语境。
2.(2011·湖北卷,22)Giving up my job to go back to full-time education was a big ________,but now I know it was the best decision I ever made.
A.project B.commitment
C.competition D.ambition
答案:B。本题考查名词辨析。句意:放弃工作再回到全日制教育中去是一个很大的挑战,但是现在看来,那是我做出的最好的决定。project“工程”;commitment“重担,义务”;competition“竞争”;ambition “野心”。根据语境来看,一项不容易去做的事情常被看作是挑战,难以完成的任务或重担。
3.(2011·四川,13)Always remember to put such dangerous things as knives out of children's ________.
A.touch B.sight
C.reach D.distance
答案:C。本题考查名词辨析。句意:一定要记住,把那些像刀子一类危险的东西放在孩子们够不着的地方。out of one's reach为常用短语:在某人够不着的地方。[来源:学科网ZXXK]
4.(2011·山东,34) There's a ________ in our office that when it's somebody's birthday, they bring in a cake for us all to share.
A. tradition B. balance
C. concern D. relationship
答案:A。本题考查名词的用法。句意:我们办公室有一个惯例,当有人过生日时,他们要带来一个蛋糕供我们大家分享。tradition“惯例,习惯”;balance“平衡”;concern“关心”;relationship“关系”。根据句意,A项正确。
5.(2011·江苏,27)Teachers have to constantly update their knowledge in order to maintain their professional________.
A.consequence B.independence
C.competence D.intelligence
答案:C。本题考查名词词义辨析。句意:老师得经常更新他们的知识以保持他们的专业能力。consequence “结果;后果”;independence“独立”;competence“能力”;intelligence“智力”。由句意可知C项正确。
6.(2011·浙江,18)Anyway, I can't cheat him—it's against all my ________.[来源:Z。xx。k.Com]
A.emotions B.principles
C.regulations D.opinions
答案:B。考查名词辨析。句意:无论如何,我不能骗他,那违背我的原则。emotion“情感”;principle “原则”;regulation “规章,制度”; opinion“观点,看法”。结合句意可知B项正确。
7.(2011·福建,26)The lack of eco-friendly habits among the public is thought to be a major ______of global climate change.
A.result B.cause
C.warning D.reflection
答案:B。本题考查名词词义的辨析。句意:公众中缺乏不损害生态环境的习惯被认为是全球气候变化的一个主要原因。result“结果”;cause“起因”;warning“警告,告诫”;reflection“反映”。由句意可知B项正确。
8.(2010·江西,31)What's the ________, in your opinion, of helping him if he doesn't make an effort to help himself?
A.sympathy B.theme
C.object D.point
答案:D。本题考查名词词义辨析。句意:如果他自己都不努力帮助他自己,你认为帮助他有什么意义呢?sympathy “慈悲,怜悯”;theme“主题”;object“对象,目标,物体”;point“意义,目的”。
9.(2010·江西卷)Last year the number of students who graduated with a driving licence reached 200,000,a(n) ______ of 40,000 per year.
A.average         B.number
C.amount D.quantity
答案:A。考查名词辨析。句意:去年考过驾照的考生人数达到了20万,平均每年4万。an average of“平均是”。
10. (2010·安徽卷)I haven’t seen Sara since she was a little girl,and she has changed beyond______.
A.hearing B.strength
C.recognition D.measure
答案:C。考查名词辨析。根据前一分句的内容可知她变得让人“辨认”不出来了。
11.(2010·湖北卷)This restaurant has become popular for its wide ______ of foods that suit all tastes and pockets.
A.division B.area
C.range D.circle
答案:C。考查名词辨析。foods后面的定语从句that suit all tastes and pockets(适合各种口味和消费层次)说明该饭店的食物多种多样,所以,应该用range。而A项division是“划分,分开”的意思;B项area是“区域”的意思,D项circle则是“圆圈,环”的意思,显然A、B和D项不合题意。
12.(2010·湖北卷)After the earthquake,the first thing the local government did was to provide ______ for the homeless families.
A.accommodation B.occupation
C.equipment D.furniture
答案:A。考查名词辨析。句意:地震之后,当地政府首先做的事情是为无家可归的家庭提供住所。既然是“无家可归”,所以要解决的应该是“住所”,A项合适。B项是“职业”;C项是“设备”;D项是“家具”,后三项显然不是灾民所急需的。
13.(2010·天津卷)James took the magazines off the little table to make ______ for the television.
A.room B.area
C.field D.position
答案:A。考查短语。make room for是固定词组,表示“给……让出空地方”。
14.(2010·山东卷)Those who suffer from headache will find they get ______ from this medicine.
A.relief B.safety [来源:Zxxk.Com]
C.defense D.shelter
答案:A。考查名词。relief“(痛苦等)缓解”,符合句意:那些头痛的人将发现他们的病情将从这种药上得到缓解。safety“安全”;defense“防御”;shelter“保护”。
15.(2010·江苏卷)The doctor is skilled at treating heart trouble and never accepts any gift from his patients,so he has a very good______.
A.expectation B.reputation
C.contribution D.civilization
答案:B。考查名词辨析。句意:这名医生治疗心脏病医术高超,而且从不收病人的礼物,自然享有良好的“声誉”。expectation“期望”;contribution“贡献”,civilization“文明”,都不符合句意。reputation “声誉,名望”,故选B。
16.(2010·浙江卷)The school advisers help you talk through your problems but they don’t give you any direct______.
A.solution B.target
C.measure D.fun_ction
答案:A。考查名词辨析。从句意知“他们并没有给你任何直接的解决方法”,所以选A项solution“解决方法,解决方案”。target“目标”;measure“措施”; fun_ction“功能”,都与句意不符。故选A项。
17. (2009·山东卷)—He says that my new car is a ______ of money.
—Don't you think those words are just sour grapes?
A. lack B. load
C. question D. waste
答案:D。本题考查名词的区别。lack“缺乏”;load“负担”;question“疑问”;waste“浪费”;根据句意,尤其是下句的sour grapes(酸葡萄)可知答案选D。他说我买新车是浪费钱。
18. (2009·陕西卷)From their ______ on the top of the TV Tower, visitors can have a better view of the city.
A. stage B. position
C. condition D. situation
答案:B。考查名词词义辨析。stage“舞台,时期,阶段”;position“位置”;condition“条件,情况”;situation“形式,情况;情景”;根据空前的物主代词their可以推断出此处选B。句意:从他们在电视塔顶部的位置,游客们可以更好地看到这个城市的景色。
19. (2009·浙江卷)The system has been designed to give students quick and easy ______ to the digital resources of the library.
A. access B. passage
C. way D. approach [来源:学_科_网Z_X_X_K]
答案:A。考查名词词义辨析。access“通路,接近的方法”;passage“通道,走廊”;way“方式,方法”;approach“靠近”。句意:这套系统是专为给学生提供快速便捷的使用图书馆资源的方法而设计的。
20. (2009·福建卷)The World Health Organization gave a warning to the public without any ______ when the virus of H1N1 hit Mexico in April, 2009.
A. delay B. effort[来源:学科网]
C. schedule D. consideration
答案:A。考查名词词义辨析。delay“耽搁,延误”;effort“努力”;schedule“时间表”;consideration“考虑,体谅;关心”。此句的意思是“当H1N1型病毒2009年4月袭击墨西哥时,世界卫生组织毫不耽搁地向人们提出了警告”。选A。
21. (2009·湖北卷) Hiking by oneself can be fun and good for health. It may also be good for ______ building.
A. respect B. friendship
C. reputation D. character
答案:D。考查名词辨析。respect“尊敬”;friendship“友谊”;reputation“名声”;character“性格”。句意:独自一人徒步旅行不仅有趣、有益健康,而且对性格的培养也有好处。
22. (2009·湖北卷) In our class, when the bell rang and the teacher closed his book, it was a ______ for everyone to stand up.
A. signal B. chance
C. mark D. measure
答案:A。考查名词辨析。signal“信号”;chance“机会”; mark“标记”;measure“测量,措施”。句意:在我们班,当下课铃声响起,老师就合上课本,这是给全班同学起立的信号。
23.(2011·天津十二区县联考一,3)People all believe that ________ to free trade destroy wealth, benefiting no one in the long run.
A.administrations B.attempts[来源:学科网]
C.progress D.barriers
答案:D。考查名词辨析。句意:人们都认为从长远的观点来看设置自由贸易的障碍破坏财富,对任何人都没有益处。barrier“障碍,阻碍进步或控制活动的事物”。administration“公共事务的管理,经营,行政”;attempt“尝试,企图”;progress“进步,前进,发展”。易错选A。认为语境是“对自由贸易的管理会破坏财富”而误选。
24.(2011·东北三省四市联考,34)Many companies in Guangdong are facing a serious labor ________ following the Rabbit Year's Spring Festival.
A.lack B.shortage
C.absence D.storage
答案:B。考查名词短语。句意:在兔年春节之后,广东的很多公司面临着严重的用工荒。labor shortage“劳动力短缺”;lack也有“不足”之意,但用于lack of sth.结构,故被排除;absence “不在,缺席”;storage“(货物等的)贮存,贮藏”。易错选A。因对名词构成的短语掌握不到位引起的误选。
25.(2011·东北三校二模,30)________ have an internal clock that controls the beating of our heart, and the ________ of our breathing.
A.Human being; steps B.Humans; pace
C.Human beings; steps D.Man; pace
答案:B。考查名词。句意:人类体内有个生物钟,它控制我们的心跳和呼吸的节奏。因为谓语是have,所以排除A和D;humans=human being(s),但step的含义是脚步,步伐,措施,故排除C。易错选D。man可以作“人类”讲,但谓语需用单数形式。
26.(2011·济南4月模拟,29)—Would you do me a favor to choose a wedding dress?
—Of course, but it is a matter of personal ________.
A.concern B.sense
C.style D.taste
答案:D。考查名词辨析。句意:——你能不能帮我选一套结婚礼服?——当然可以,不过这是一件涉及个人爱好的事。taste“品味,爱好,嗜好”,符合语境和英语表达习惯。concern“关心,忧虑”;sense“感觉,感觉官能,意识”;style“风格,作风,格调”。易错选B、C。没有准确理解sense“感觉,感觉官能,意识”的意思和用法(如a sense of humour/direction/justice)而误选B;易受汉语思维的影响认为style有“风格,作风”的意思而误选C。
27.(2011·武汉四月调测,21)Computer power now allows automatic searches of fingerprint files to match a print at a crime ________.
A.field B.scene[来源:学+科+网Z+X+X+K]
C.location D.occasion
答案:B。考查名词辨析。句意:现在的电脑具备自动搜索指纹档案以对比犯罪现场指纹的功能。scene“现场,场面,情景,景色”。field“田野,运动场”;location“位置,场所,所在地”;occasion“场合,时刻,重大活动”。易错选D。at a crime scene在一个犯罪现场。而D强调场合,概念错误。[来源:学科网ZXXK]
28.(2011·武汉四月调测,22)These overseas students who are studying in our college show great ________ for learning a new language.
A.enthusiasm B.authority
C.symptom D.recreation
答案:A。考查名词辨析。句意:在我们大学学习的这些海外学生对学习一门新的语言表现出很大的热情。enthusiasm“热心,热情,热忱”。authority“权,权力,职权”;symptom“症状,征候”;recreation“消遣,娱乐,游戏 ”。易错选D。show enthusiasm for/about对……显示热情。D概念错误。
29.(2011·湖北八市调考,25)At the APEC Summit held in Yokohama, Japan, Asia-Pacific leaders addressed ________ over global growth, regional economic development and emerging markets.
A.concerns B.careers
C.adaption D.recognition
答案:A。考查名词辨析。句意:在日本横滨举行的亚太经贸合作组织峰会上,亚太领导人表达了他们对全球经济增长、区域经济发展和新兴市场的关注。 concern“关心,忧虑”。career“生涯,职业,事业”;adaption “适合,适应”;recognition“认识,承认,认可”。易错选D。误解语境为“亚太领导人表达了他们对全球经济增长、区域经济发展和新兴市场的认可”。而错选。
30.(2011·湖北八市调考,26)The ________ on driving after drinking alcohol is being carried out all over the country, which is helpful to reduce traffic accidents.
A.withdrawal B.prejudice
C.aim D.ban
答案:D。考查名词辨析。句意:酒后禁驾的法令正在全国实施执行,这有助于减少交通事故。ban“禁令”。withdrawal“撤退,退回,取消”;prejudice“偏见,成见”;aim“目标,目的”。易错选C。没有意识到carry out不能和aim搭配而造成误选。
31.(2011·皖南八校第三次联考,24)We bought the house for its ________. It is very near the shop where I work.
A.character B.value
C.convenience D.construction
答案:C。考查名词。句意:我们购买这座房子是因为它的便利,它离我工作的商店很近。由“It is very near the shop where I work.”可知convenience“便利”符合题意。
32.(2011·合肥第二次质检,24)Being able to speak another language fluently could be a great ________ when you're looking for a job.
A.advantage B.chance
C.assistance D.importance
答案:A。考查名词辨析。句意:能流利地说另外一门语言在你找工作的时候可能是一种很大的优势。advantage“优势,优点,有利条件”;chance“机会,可能性”;assistance“协助,补助,援助”;importance“重要,重要性,重大,重要的地位”。易错选B、C。认为语境“……是一种机会或是一种很大的帮助”而误选B、C。
33.(2011·南京二模,34)Considering the severe fact of global warming, the top ________ of all nations is to reduce CO2 emission and increase use of renewable energy.
A.priority B.impact
C.issue D.event
答案:A。考查名词辨析。句意:考虑到全球变暖的严峻事实,各国首先要做的事是减少二氧化碳的排放和增加对可再生能源的利用。priority“优先权,优先,优先顺序”。impact“影响,冲击力,撞击”;issue“发行,后果,问题”;event“事件,结果”。易错选D。没有准确理解语境为“优先考虑的,放在首位的”,认为语境是头等“大事”而误选event。
34.(2011·杭州质检二,10)According to our principal, all children should be encouraged to realize their full ________.[来源:学+科+网Z+X+X+K]
A.consequence B.entertainment
C.presentation D.potential
答案:D。考查名词辨析。句意:依据我们校长的说法,应该鼓励所有的孩子充分意识到他们的潜力。potential“潜在性,可能性”。consequence “结果,后果,重要(性)”;entertainment“娱乐,消遣”;presentation“介绍,陈述,赠送物,报告,(美)讲课”。易错选A。认为语境为“意识到结果或重要性”而误选。
35.(2011·江西九校联考,23)We should look up to him as a shining example of ________ to duty.
A.devotion B.privilege
C.responsibility D.burden
答案:A。考查名词辨析。句意:我们应该尊他为尽职尽责的光辉典范。devotion“热爱,投入”。privilege“特权”;responsibility“责任,职责”;burden “重负,重担”。易错选C。没有准确理解语境,没有注意到responsibility和duty意思重叠。
36.(2011·福建省名校样本分析考试,21)—Don't be so naughty!Be your________.
—Got it.
A.manners B.age
C.behavior D.politeness
答案:B。考查名词。句意:——不要那么淘气!要像个大人样。——知道了。be your age不要孩子气;你要像个大人样。本词组和Don't be so naughty!(不要那么淘气!)相一致,故选B。其他都构不成词组。易错选C。be your age是固定词组,而behavior没有这种搭配,故排除。
37.(2011·福建质检,31)Fortunately, rescuers were able to gain ________ to the disaster-hit area soon enough.
A.access B.track
C.means D.passage
答案:A。 考查名词辨析。句意:幸运的是,营救者终于能够想方设法以足够快的速度到达灾区。access“接近,进入,接近的机会,进入的权力,通道,入口,门路”。gain access to“有(机会、手段、权力)得到,接近,进入”为固定搭配。track“行踪,足迹,轨道,小径/道”;means“手段,方法,工具”;passage“通道,通路”。
38.(2011·桂林一模,33)The new system has been designed to give students quick and easy ________ to the digital resources of the library.
A.access B.passage
C.way D.approach
答案:A。考查名词辨析。句意:已经设计好的最新的系统可以使学生们更快更容易地获取图书馆里的数码资源。access“接近,进入,接近的机会,进入的权利,使用”。passage“通路,通道,走廊,段落”;way“路,路线,方法,方式”;approach“方法,方式”。尽管四个选项都可以和介词to构成搭配,意思上也都可以说得通,但只有access最能达意。故选A。
39.(2011·乌鲁木齐二诊,22)Where is your house? Is there any ________ in the neighbourhood?
A.identity B.access
C.milestone D.landmark
答案:D。考查名词辨析。句意:你家在哪里?在你家附近有明显的标志吗?landmark“(显而易见的)地标,路标”。identity“身份,特征”;access“通道,入口,门路”;milestone“里程碑,划时代的事件”。易错选A。认为identity有“特征”的意思,没有注意语境,“你们家附近有路标吗”而误选。
40.(2011·黄冈模拟,21)My morning ________ includes jogging in the park and reading newspapers over breakfast.
A.drill B.approach
C.regulation D.routine
答案:D。考查名词辨析。句意:我早晨的常规活动包括在公园里慢跑和在吃早餐时读报。routine“固定而有规则性的程序,例行公事,日常事务,常规”。drill“军事训练,操练”;approach“方法,手段,通路,道路,接近”;regulation“规章,条例,规则,规定,管理”。易错选A。没有意识到drill指军事训练或有目的的操练而误选。
41.(2011·黄冈模拟,22)In an interview with CNN, Premier Wen Jiabao emphasized that our government should let everyone live a happy life with ________ and a sense of security.
A.evidence B.privilege
C.assessment D.dignity
答案:D。考查名词辨析。句意:在一次CNN的采访中,温家宝总理强调说我们的政府应该保证让每一个人过上有尊严的、有安全感的幸福生活。dignity“尊严”。evidence“证据,迹象”;privilege“特权,基本人权”;assessment“估价,评价,估计”。