人教版（2019高中英语语法综合复习全解课件：主谓一致 (共45张PPT)

(共45张PPT)
高中语法综合
复习全解
9-2
主谓一致
Do the exercises individually, and then check your answers with your partners.
Now check your answers
1
is; takes
is
2
3
4
is
is
5
are removed
Note
1. 要记住：成功是每天一小点努力的积累，且常常要花上数年的努力才能达到。 remember之后宾语从句的主语为不可数名词success，故第一空谓语用 be的第三人称单数形式is；其后的并列谓语亦是如此，用take的第三人称单数takes。
2. 我们所需要的是一小块土地，在整个一年的生长季节，我们能够种各种不同的水果树。1)句中主语代词all指物，故谓语动词用单数形式。2)根据从句中can可判断用一般现在时。故填 be的第三人称单数形式is。
注： all指人谓语动词用复数；指物谓语动词用单数。
Now all has been changed. 一切都已改变。
“All are present today, Mr Li.” answered the monitor. 班长回答说：李老师，今天大家全到了。
Note
5. 如果脂肪和盐被从食物中去除，那这个食物尝起来会感觉缺了点什么。be removed from...。根据上下文，1)此处谓语需用一般现在时被动语态; 2)由连接词and连接的合成主语后，要用复数形式的谓语动词。故此处填are removed。
3. 一般说来，他人对其期望值高的学生的内在动机对自身的发展是至关重要的。1)主语students’ inner motivation 不可数名词。2)根据generally(一般说来)，讲通常情况用一般现在时。故填 be的第三人称单数形式is。
4. 因为我们各不相同，每个人都是特别的。each of us作主语，谓语动词用单数形式。
主谓一致
考点题例一
1. Each of the footballers ___ over 150 pounds.
A. weigh B. weighs
C. weights D. were weighing
2. Professor Smith, along with his assistants, ___ on the project day and night to meet the deadline.
A. work B. working
C. is working D. are working
3. Many a student ___ that mistake before.
A. had made B. has been made
C. have made D. has made
4. I, who ___ your good friend, will share your joys and sorrows.
A. was B. are
C. is D. am
考点梳理
主谓一致指主语和谓语在“人称”和“数”方面的一致关系。谓语动词的形式随主语的人称和数而变化。
1. The results of the research are to be published soon.
2. His suggestion has been accepted.
3. Many a student comes into the classroom.
4. Nobody is here.
1.在each/one of+复数名词, anyone, somebody, everything, nothing 等复合不定代词作主语时，either或neither不与or 和nor 搭配使用时，谓语动词采用单数形式。
(1) There are two roads and either leads to the station.
(2) Every possible means has been used to prevent the air pollution, but the sky is still not clear.
2.主语后跟有下列短语不影响主语的(单、复) 数。如：as well as, as much as, rather than, with, along with, together with, but, except, including, accompanied by, more than, no less than等
(1) No one in the department but Tom and I knows that the director is going to resign.
(2) The teacher, with 6 girls and 8 boys of her class, was visiting a museum when the earthquake struck.
3.由many a…或 more than one 修饰的主语，尽管其意义是复数概念，谓语动词仍采取单数形式。由each, every 和no 修饰，并由and 连接的的并列主语，其谓语动词亦用单数形式。
(1) More than one answer has been given to the question.
(2) –Did you go to the show last night
–Yeah. Every boy and girl in the area has been invited.
1. If anyone ________ Lisa, ask her to call me.
A. see B. sees C. saw D. seen
解析：复合不定代词anyone作主语，谓语动词用单数。
举一反三
2. The students in our school each ___ an English dictionary.
A. are having B. had
C. has D. have
注：each 位于复数名词后，不影响这类主语的数，动词仍用复数形式。
3. Nothing but cars ___ in the shop.
A. are going to sell B. were sold
C. are sold D. is sold
解析：but 不影响主语的单复数。
举一反三
4. His brother rather than his parents ___.
A. are to be blamed B. is to blame
C. are to blame D. is to be blamed.
6. Each boy and each girl ___ a new book.
A. have gone B. has gone
C. have got D. has got
解析：more than one +单数名词作主语，谓语用单数。
举一反三
5. More than one student ___ to join the army.
A. want B. wants
C. has wanted D. don’t want
Politics ___ one of the subjects that I study.
A. are B. is C. were D. was
2. Our family ___ a happy one.
are B. was C. are D. is
3. The police ___ a prisoner.
are searched for B. is searching
C. are searching for D. is searching for
4. I know that all ___ getting on well with her.
A. were B. are C. is D. was
考点题例二
5. He is the only one of the students who ＿＿ a winner of scholarship for three years.
A. is B. are C. have been D. has been
6. Our League secretary and monitor ___ the lead in everything.
A. take B. takes C. took D. had taken
7. The wounded ___ good care of here now.
A. is taking B. are taking
C. are being taken D. is taken
8. Twenty miles ___ a long way to cover.
A. seem to be B. is C. are D. were
考点梳理
主谓一致之语言内容上的一致原则，语言内容上的一致原则指从意义上来判断主谓是否一致。主语形式上为单数，但意义上是复数，谓语动词须用复数形式；主语形式上为复数形式， 但意义上却是单数，谓语动词就须用单数形式。
1. The police have not made any arrests.
2. The news is exciting.
3. Not every means is useful.
4. Twenty years is a long time in one’s life.
1. 以-s结尾但意义为单数的名词如: news,再如学科名词(如: mathematics数学，economics 经济学，politics政治，physics物理学，statistics统计学等)
作主语时，谓语动词用单数。
(1) Mathematics is the language of science.
(2) Physics is his favorite subject.
2. 某些集合名词作为整体概念时，谓语动词须用单数形式；强调个体概念时，谓语动词须用复数形式。这些常用的集合名词有：family, class, crew, team, group, public, audience, crowd, government, committee 等。
(1) The class consists of twenty-five boys and twenty girls.
(2) The whole class were greatly moved at his words.
3. 名词中心词是all，most, half, the rest, the last, the remainder 等。如果指单数意义，谓语动词用单数形式；如果指复数意义，谓语动词用复数形式。
(1) All that can be eaten has been eaten up.
(2) All but one were here just now.
(3) The rest of the novel is very interesting.
4. 在one + of + 复数名词+ who/ that/which引导的定语从句结构中的主谓一致。在此结构中，who/that/which通常指代复数名词而不是one，故定语从句中的谓语动词须用复数形式；但如果one前出现the only/ exact/very 等修饰时，who/that/which指代one，定语从句的谓语动词须用单数形式。
(1) He is one of the boys who are never late for school.
(2) The boy sitting by the window is
the only one of the students who is from the countryside in our school.
5. and 或both… and 连接的并列谓语。(1)一般用复数谓语。(2) 如果并列主语在意义上指同一个人，同一个事物或同一概念或表示不可分割的整体时，谓语动词用单数。
(1) What caused the accident and who was responsible for it remain a mystery to us.
(2) Trial and error is the source of our knowledge.
6. 表示一类人的the poor/rich/dead/injured/wounded 等作主语时，谓语动词用复数。
(1) The rich are to help the poor.
(2) The aged are taken good care of in this city.
7. 表示时间、距离、价值、长度、重量等名词作主语，这类名词尽管是复数形式，常视为一整体，谓语动词常用单数形式。
(1) Two thousand dollars was spent by him.
(2) 20,000 dollars is not a small sum of money.
1. Most of what has been said about the Smiths ____also true of the Johnsons．（安徽卷）
A．are B．is C．being D．to be
解析：what has been said 为单数含义。
举一反三
2. Half of the material ___ away.
A. has been taken B. are taken
C. have been taken D. were taken
The Premier and Foreign Minister was present at the state banquet.
举一反三
解析：指同一个人或物时，并列主语前只能用一个冠词；指不同的人或物时，并列主语前需要分别加冠词。
Translation
总理兼外长出席了国宴。
2. The Premier and the Foreign Minister were present at the state banquet.
总理和外长都出席了国宴。
1. These trousers _____ cleaning.
2. This pair of trousers ____ mine.
解析：由两部分构成的表示物体的名词，如trousers, pants, jeans, compasses, glasses, shoes 等作主语时，谓语动词常用复数形式。但如果各类名词前用了a pair of /two (three) ...pairs of 来修饰，谓语动词的单复数往往取决于pair等的单复数形式。
难点解析
某些名词作主语时的主谓一致
need
is
难点解析
1. Only 60 percent of the work _______ done yesterday.
2. About 20 percent of the students_______ absent today.
解析：分数和百分数修饰可数或不可数名词作主语时， 谓语动词用单数形式还是复数形式取决于它们所表达的意义。
数词与量词作主语时的主谓一致
was
are
1. All kinds of difficulties________ (have) to be overcome.
2. All sorts of food ______ here.
解析：由“kind (form, type, sort, portion等)of”等修饰的主语，其谓语形式取决于这些词的单复数而不是它们后面所跟的名词。
have
are
1. A number of students________ from the south.
2. The number of students from the north____ small.
3. A variety of goods on sale______ in the shop.
解析：“a number of (许多)” “a variety of (各种各样的)”和 “a group of (一群，一组) ”修饰名词作主语时，谓语动词用复数形式。但是”the number of (......的数目)” 和“the variety of (......的种类)”修饰名词作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式。
are
is
are
1. A great number of tourists ______(has) been to the Great Wall.
2. The number of workers who ______ (be) out of work _____ (be) 1,000.
have
were
举一反三
3. Two thirds of the students ________ (support) the plan.
4. Thirty percent of its area ___ (be) flooded each year.
support
is
was
Either you or one of your students ______ to attend the meeting that is due tomorrow.
A. are B. is
C. have D. be
2. There _______ a desk and two chairs in the office.
A. is B. are C. has D. have
考点题例三
考点梳理
在某些句型中， 主语不只一个， 谓语动词(的性、数)与其最近的并列主语保持一致，称为就近一致原则。
1. One or two colleagues are coming tonight.
2. Not only eight passengers but also the driver was killed in the accident.
3. There are two chairs and a desk in the office.
由or, either…or…, neither…nor…, not only…but (also)…, whether...or...在句子中连接并列主语的时候或者在there be句型中，谓语动词的单复数形式要和就近的主语的单复数保持一致。
(1) Neither you nor I am wrong.
(2) Not only the students but also the teacher wishes for a holiday.
(3) There is a cup of tea and some apples on the table.
1. Listening to loud music at rock concerts ______ caused hearing loss in some teenagers.
A. is B. are C. has D. have
2. Such poets as Shakespeare ______widely read，of whose works，however，some _____ difficult to understand．
A. are；are B. is；is C. are；is D. is：are
3. Barbara is easy to recognize as she’s the only one of the women who________ evening dress.
A. wear B. wears C. has worn D. have worn
4. The number of foreign students attending Chinese universities ________ rising steadily since 1990.
A. is B. are C. has been D. have been
(1) Multiple choice.
1. Neither of my parents ______ English.
2. There _____ a lot of milk in the bottle.
3. Both Ann and Tom ______ late yesterday.
4. No one in the department but Tom and I ___________ (know) that the director is going to resign.
(2) Fill in the blanks.
is
is
were
knows
5. With more forests being destroyed, huge quantities of good earth _______ (be) being washed away each year.
6. All of us ________ (go) to see the film because we had money to buy tickets yesterday.
7. Neither of the two_____ right.
8. Either you or I ________ going to America.
went
is
am
are
9. There ______ too many mistakes in your exercises.
10. Going to bed early and getting up early _____ good for your health.
11. Dr. Smith, together with his wife, _____ to arrive on the evening flight.
12. Nobody but one teacher and three students _____ in the laboratory yesterday.
are
is
was
is
(3) Correct the sentences.
1. Mr. Smith and Mrs. Smith are teacher.
2. Both coffee and beer is on sale in the shop.
3. Either the students or the teacher are to blame.
4. Not only the students but also their teacher don't know about it.
5. Mr. Green besides his sons like sports.
_________
2. _________
3. _________
4. _________
5. _________
teachers
are
is
doesn’t
likes
During the last summer vacation, Li Lei, a high school student, goes
to teach in a small and less-developed village with other volunteers. When he arrived, he found the people there lived in a tough life and that all the kids crowd a poorly-furnished room. Greatly to his delight, the children was lovely and friendly.
_________
2. _________
3. _________
4. _________
went
去掉in
crowed
were
(3) Correct the passage.
Though he only has something simple to eat, he adapted himself to the hard life soon. He often played games with his students at break time. At night, he is busy preparing lessons or checking his students’ homework. The experience helps him make his mind to become a teacher after he graduated from university.
5. _________
6. _________
7. _________
8. _________
had
was
up
graduates