2023届二轮语法复习定语从句课件（46张PPT）
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| 名称 | 2023届二轮语法复习定语从句课件（46张PPT） |  | |
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| 文件大小 | 4.1MB | ||
| 资源类型 | 教案 | ||
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| 科目 | 英语 | ||
| 更新时间 | 2022-12-07 21:08:54 | ||
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(共46张PPT)
五彩缤纷的句式：
三大从句、并列句和特殊句式
三大从句、并列句和特殊句式是高考语法填空的重点和难点，也是学生的易错点。分析句子成分，牢记语法规则是解题的关键。在写作中灵活运用各种句式也是吸引阅卷老师的法宝之一。
定语从句
刷真题 析技法
高考真题练
1.(2021·浙江卷1月)BMI is an internationally recognized measurement tool ___________ gives an indication of whether someone is a healthy weight.
解析：考查定语从句。分析句子结构可知，空处引导定语从句，先行词是tool，关系词在从句中作主语，应用that/which。
that/which
高考真题练
2．(2020·全国卷Ⅲ)In ancient China lived an artist ______ paintings were almost lifelike.
解析：考查定语从句。本句主句为倒装句，主语an artist为先行词，后接定语从句，空处与其后名词paintings之间构成所属关系，应用whose。
whose
高考真题练
3．(2020·北京卷)Some university students carried out a campaign ______ they spent their whole day without cell phones.
解析：考查定语从句。 分析句子结构可知，空处引导定语从句，先行词为campaign，空处在从句中作地点状语，应用where。
where
高考真题练
4．(2020·江苏卷)Many lessons are now available online, from ______ students can choose for free.
解析：考查定语从句。分析该句结构可知，介词from和空处引导定语从句，修饰先行词Many lessons，指物，应用which。
which
高考真题练
5．(2019·北京卷)The students benefitting most from college are those ___________ are totally engaged (参与) in academic life, taking full advantage of the college's chances and resources (资源)．
解析：考查定语从句。先行词为those，指大学生们，且在从句中作主语，应用who/that。
who/that
高考真题练
6．(2019·全国卷Ⅱ)Now Irene Astbury works from 9 am to 5 pm daily at the pet shop in Macclesfield, ______ she opened with her late husband Les.
解析：考查定语从句。the pet shop是先行词，定语从句中缺少opened的宾语，应用which引导非限制性定语从句。
which
确定定语从句关系词的解题要领：根据定语从句中所缺成分来确定是用关系代词还是关系副词。
关系词应遵循“缺什么，补什么”的原则：
1. 如果先行词指人，定语从句中缺少主语，限制性定语从句中用who/that；非限制性定语从句中用who；
2. 如果先行词指人，定语从句中缺少宾语，限制性定语从句中用who/that/whom；非限制性定语从句中用whom；
语法填空二谨记
3. 如果先行词指物，定语从句中缺少主语或宾语，限制性定语从句中用which/that；非限制性定语从句用which；
4. 如果先行词指时间或地点，定语从句中缺少时间状语或地点状语，则用when/where；如果缺少主语或宾语，则用that/which；
5. 在“介词＋关系词”引导的定语从句中，如果先行词指人，则关系词用whom；如果先行词指物，则关系词用which。
破重难 拨疑惑
考点一 关系代词引导的定语从句
who. whom. whose引导的定语从句
who和whom指人。who在定语从句中作主语；whom在定语从句中作宾语，在限制性定语从句中可省略。whose指人或物，在定语从句中作定语，指物时可用of which代替，指人时可用of whom代替。
Yesterday I helped an old man who lost his way.
昨天，我帮助了一位迷路的老人。
My eldest son, whose work takes him all over the world, is in New York at the moment.
我的大儿子目前在纽约，他的工作让他全世界到处跑。
6种用that引导定语从句的情况
先行词是all、everything、anything、nothing、something、little、much、none、few、the one等不定代词时。(如先行词指人，可用who代替that)
先行词被all、any、few、every、no、little、much、some等词修饰时。(如先行词指人，可用who代替that)
先行词被序数词、形容词最高级修饰或先行词本身是序数词时。
先行词被the only、the very (正是、恰是)、 the last修饰时。(如先行词指人，可用who代替that)
先行词含有人和物两者时。
先行词在主句中作表语，或关系词在从句中作表语时。
4种只用which引导定语从句的情况
先行词为物，引导非限制性定语从句时。
先行词为物，关系代词充当介词的宾语，且介词位于关系代词之前时。
先行词本身是that时。
引导的定语从句修饰前面的整个主句，代替主句所表示的整体概念或部分概念时。
as作关系代词引导非限制性定语从句时，指代整个主句，意为“正如、正像”， as引导的句子可放在主句之前、之后或句中； which引导定语从句指代前面整句话的内容时，通常位于主句之后或句中。
The number of smokers, as is reported, has dropped by 17 percent in just one year.
正如报道的那样，吸烟者的数量仅在一年内就已经减少了百分之十七。
He failed in the exam, which made his father very angry.
他考试不及格，这使得他爸爸非常生气。
as、which引导的定语从句
[名师点津] as常用在下列习惯用语中：
as often happens、as I can remember、as is often the case、as is expected、as is known to us、as is shown等。
“such/so ... that ... ”意为“如此……以至于……”，用来引导结果状语从句；而“such/so ... as ...”意为“像……这样……”，用来引导定语从句，as在从句中充当主语、宾语或表语等。
“the same ... that ... ”表示同一个人或物，而“the same ... as ...”表示同一类的人或物。
【小题微练】
1．Because of the great increase in rainfall, rivers are full of water, ________ makes fish and shrimps big and fat.
解析：考查定语从句。空处引导非限制性定语从句，先行词指代前面的句子，在定语从句中作主语，需用关系代词which引导。
which
2．The Rio Carnival is without doubt something ______ everyone should add to his or her bucket list.
解析：考查定语从句。分析句子可知，空格处引导限制性定语从句，先行词为不定代词something，应用关系代词that引导从句，在从句中作宾语。
that
3．(2020·天津卷7月)____is described in Paragraph 4, taking a small kid to a half-hour Story Time allows the parent to enjoy quiet reading.
解析：考查定语从句。as置于句首引导非限制性定语从句，意为“正如”。
As
考点二 关系副词引导的定语从句
关系副词指代的先行词及其作用
先行词 关系副词 在从句中的作用 与“介词＋关系代词”的关系
表示时间的名词：time、day、year等 when 作时间 状语 ＝at/in/on/during which
表示场所的名词：park、place、country、house等 where 作地点 状语 ＝in/at/to/onwhich
表示理由的名词：the reason why 作原因 状语 ＝for which
We live in an age when more information is available with great ease than ever before.
我们生活在一个比以前任何时候都更容易获得更多信息的时代。
Ancient China was a place where states were often at war with each other.
古代中国是国家之间经常发生战争的地方。
Can you tell me the reason why (＝for which) you are late again
你能告诉我你再次迟到的原因吗？
He lived in a time when the blind couldn't get much education.
在他生活的那个时代，盲人是接受不了什么教育的。
I walked up to the top of the hill with my friend, where we enjoyed a splendid view of the lake.
我和朋友一起登上了山顶，在山顶上我们欣赏到了湖光美景。
[名师点津]
当先行词为一些表示抽象地点的名词，如point、situation、case、stage等时，如果引导词在从句中作状语，常用关系副词where引导定语从句。
先行词occasion意为“时机”时，用关系副词when；意为“场合”时，用关系副词where。
当先行词way意为“方法、方式”，且在从句中作状语时，可用that、in which或省略关系词这三种形式。
I have come to the point where/at which I can't stand him.
我已经到了无法容忍他的地步。
【小题微练】
4．Two other letters are from a father to his children in Torquay, _______ the museum believes they may have escaped.
解析：考查定语从句。空格处引导非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词Torquay，关系词在从句中作地点状语，应用关系副词where引导该从句。
where
5．(2020·天津卷5月)Mr. Smith owned this oil painting until the early 1990s, _________ he gave it to his grandson.
解析：考查定语从句。空格处引导非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词the early 1990s, 并在从句中作时间状语，应用when。
when
6．(2019·天津卷)Their child is at the stage ________ she can say individual words but not full sentences.
解析：考查定语从句。分析句子结构可知设空处引导定语从句，先行词是the stage，表抽象地点，关系词在定语从句中作地点状语，应用关系副词where引导定语从句。
where
考点三 “介词＋关系代词”引导的定语从句
若介词放在关系代词之前，关系代词指人时常用whom，指物时常用which。whose可以转化为“the＋名词＋of which/whom”。另外， whose也可以放在介词后，即“介词＋whose＋名词”结构。
He is the person on whom you can depend.
他是你可以信赖的人。
The books on the desk, whose covers are shiny, are prizes for us.
＝The books on the desk, the covers of which are shiny, are prizes for us.
桌上封面亮闪闪的那些书是我们的奖品。
He was the man from whose room the thief had stolen his bag.
他就是被小偷从房间里偷走包的那个人。
[名师点津] 注意“名词/代词/数词＋介词＋关系代词”结构
◆Last Sunday I bought some books from the bookstore, three of which were English novels.
上星期日我从书店买了一些书，其中三本是英文小说。
◆He told us a story in English, the meaning of which I couldn't understand completely.
他用英语给我们讲了一个故事，我不能完全理解它的意思。
There are about 400 students in our grade, most of whom are from Haidian District.
我们年级大约有400名学生，其中大多数来自海淀区。
【小题微练】
7．(2021·天津卷3月)William Hastie once suggested that history informs us of past mistakes from _______ we can learn without repeating them.
解析：考查定语从句。分析句子结构可知，该句为介词提前的定语从句，应用which指代先行词past mistakes。
which
8．Hua Mulan, the story of _________ has been told by generations in China, is a fighter from the Northern Wei Dynasty (386－534)．
解析：考查定语从句。定语从句先行词是Hua Mulan, 指人，关系词在从句中作介词of 的宾语，应用关系代词whom引导定语从句。
whom
冲关练 提素养
Ⅰ.语法填空
(2022·湖州五校模拟)Chinatown in San Francisco is the 1.______(big) in America, and also the oldest. It is a very popular tourist attraction that receives more visitors each year than even the Golden Gate Bridge. The climate is mild all year round, meaning there is always a good time to visit it.
biggest
Historically, Chinese immigrants settled in the area during the railroad construction and gold rush period. What started 2.______ a residential (住宅的) area for Chinese immigrants then turned into a centre for Chinese culture. Most of the residents in Chinatown 3.______(be) still Chinese, many of whom do not speak English fluently. This allows visitors to experience a real taste of China.
as
are
Most of Chinatown 4.________________(destroy) in the 1906 earthquake, but the city and residents rebuilt it, taking care to include lots of Chinese architecture. 5._______________(traditional), visitors enter Chinatown through the legendary Dragon Gate, which was built using materials donated from China. Visitors can also spend hours just 6._________(explore) the interesting sights, smells and sounds of China.
was destroyed
Traditionally
exploring
Portsmouth Square, the centre of Chinatown, is also a key site, which has a long and famous history. These days, the square is a great place to see traditional Chinese culture in real life, such as games of Chinese chess and people practising tai chi.
The 7.________(store) in Chinatown offer a unique range of souvenirs and other goods. All kinds of traditional Chinese herbal medicine can be found too, and there are Chinese tea shops, 8.______ visitors can taste and buy a variety of Chinese tea. But perhaps 9.______ many tourists and San Franciscans treasure most about Chinatown is its food. There are traditional dishes from all over China to suit everyone's taste.
stores
where
what
Chinatowns are an important part of the diverse culture of the USA.They allow visitors who have never been to China 10._________________(experience) traditional Chinese culture first-hand.
【解题导语】 本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了旧金山唐人街的相关情况。
to experience
Ⅱ.写作运用
根据汉语提示补全作文，并注意定语从句的运用。
1．________________________(众所周知), high school life is an important turning point and 2.____________________________________________________________________(高中校园是学生学习和生活的重要场所). My classmates and I decided to do something for the coming graduation. Having had a heated discussion, we agreed on making a video to record our experiences at school.
As is universally known
high school campus is an important place where students study and live
Thank you!
五彩缤纷的句式：
三大从句、并列句和特殊句式
三大从句、并列句和特殊句式是高考语法填空的重点和难点，也是学生的易错点。分析句子成分，牢记语法规则是解题的关键。在写作中灵活运用各种句式也是吸引阅卷老师的法宝之一。
定语从句
刷真题 析技法
高考真题练
1.(2021·浙江卷1月)BMI is an internationally recognized measurement tool ___________ gives an indication of whether someone is a healthy weight.
解析：考查定语从句。分析句子结构可知，空处引导定语从句，先行词是tool，关系词在从句中作主语，应用that/which。
that/which
高考真题练
2．(2020·全国卷Ⅲ)In ancient China lived an artist ______ paintings were almost lifelike.
解析：考查定语从句。本句主句为倒装句，主语an artist为先行词，后接定语从句，空处与其后名词paintings之间构成所属关系，应用whose。
whose
高考真题练
3．(2020·北京卷)Some university students carried out a campaign ______ they spent their whole day without cell phones.
解析：考查定语从句。 分析句子结构可知，空处引导定语从句，先行词为campaign，空处在从句中作地点状语，应用where。
where
高考真题练
4．(2020·江苏卷)Many lessons are now available online, from ______ students can choose for free.
解析：考查定语从句。分析该句结构可知，介词from和空处引导定语从句，修饰先行词Many lessons，指物，应用which。
which
高考真题练
5．(2019·北京卷)The students benefitting most from college are those ___________ are totally engaged (参与) in academic life, taking full advantage of the college's chances and resources (资源)．
解析：考查定语从句。先行词为those，指大学生们，且在从句中作主语，应用who/that。
who/that
高考真题练
6．(2019·全国卷Ⅱ)Now Irene Astbury works from 9 am to 5 pm daily at the pet shop in Macclesfield, ______ she opened with her late husband Les.
解析：考查定语从句。the pet shop是先行词，定语从句中缺少opened的宾语，应用which引导非限制性定语从句。
which
确定定语从句关系词的解题要领：根据定语从句中所缺成分来确定是用关系代词还是关系副词。
关系词应遵循“缺什么，补什么”的原则：
1. 如果先行词指人，定语从句中缺少主语，限制性定语从句中用who/that；非限制性定语从句中用who；
2. 如果先行词指人，定语从句中缺少宾语，限制性定语从句中用who/that/whom；非限制性定语从句中用whom；
语法填空二谨记
3. 如果先行词指物，定语从句中缺少主语或宾语，限制性定语从句中用which/that；非限制性定语从句用which；
4. 如果先行词指时间或地点，定语从句中缺少时间状语或地点状语，则用when/where；如果缺少主语或宾语，则用that/which；
5. 在“介词＋关系词”引导的定语从句中，如果先行词指人，则关系词用whom；如果先行词指物，则关系词用which。
破重难 拨疑惑
考点一 关系代词引导的定语从句
who. whom. whose引导的定语从句
who和whom指人。who在定语从句中作主语；whom在定语从句中作宾语，在限制性定语从句中可省略。whose指人或物，在定语从句中作定语，指物时可用of which代替，指人时可用of whom代替。
Yesterday I helped an old man who lost his way.
昨天，我帮助了一位迷路的老人。
My eldest son, whose work takes him all over the world, is in New York at the moment.
我的大儿子目前在纽约，他的工作让他全世界到处跑。
6种用that引导定语从句的情况
先行词是all、everything、anything、nothing、something、little、much、none、few、the one等不定代词时。(如先行词指人，可用who代替that)
先行词被all、any、few、every、no、little、much、some等词修饰时。(如先行词指人，可用who代替that)
先行词被序数词、形容词最高级修饰或先行词本身是序数词时。
先行词被the only、the very (正是、恰是)、 the last修饰时。(如先行词指人，可用who代替that)
先行词含有人和物两者时。
先行词在主句中作表语，或关系词在从句中作表语时。
4种只用which引导定语从句的情况
先行词为物，引导非限制性定语从句时。
先行词为物，关系代词充当介词的宾语，且介词位于关系代词之前时。
先行词本身是that时。
引导的定语从句修饰前面的整个主句，代替主句所表示的整体概念或部分概念时。
as作关系代词引导非限制性定语从句时，指代整个主句，意为“正如、正像”， as引导的句子可放在主句之前、之后或句中； which引导定语从句指代前面整句话的内容时，通常位于主句之后或句中。
The number of smokers, as is reported, has dropped by 17 percent in just one year.
正如报道的那样，吸烟者的数量仅在一年内就已经减少了百分之十七。
He failed in the exam, which made his father very angry.
他考试不及格，这使得他爸爸非常生气。
as、which引导的定语从句
[名师点津] as常用在下列习惯用语中：
as often happens、as I can remember、as is often the case、as is expected、as is known to us、as is shown等。
“such/so ... that ... ”意为“如此……以至于……”，用来引导结果状语从句；而“such/so ... as ...”意为“像……这样……”，用来引导定语从句，as在从句中充当主语、宾语或表语等。
“the same ... that ... ”表示同一个人或物，而“the same ... as ...”表示同一类的人或物。
【小题微练】
1．Because of the great increase in rainfall, rivers are full of water, ________ makes fish and shrimps big and fat.
解析：考查定语从句。空处引导非限制性定语从句，先行词指代前面的句子，在定语从句中作主语，需用关系代词which引导。
which
2．The Rio Carnival is without doubt something ______ everyone should add to his or her bucket list.
解析：考查定语从句。分析句子可知，空格处引导限制性定语从句，先行词为不定代词something，应用关系代词that引导从句，在从句中作宾语。
that
3．(2020·天津卷7月)____is described in Paragraph 4, taking a small kid to a half-hour Story Time allows the parent to enjoy quiet reading.
解析：考查定语从句。as置于句首引导非限制性定语从句，意为“正如”。
As
考点二 关系副词引导的定语从句
关系副词指代的先行词及其作用
先行词 关系副词 在从句中的作用 与“介词＋关系代词”的关系
表示时间的名词：time、day、year等 when 作时间 状语 ＝at/in/on/during which
表示场所的名词：park、place、country、house等 where 作地点 状语 ＝in/at/to/onwhich
表示理由的名词：the reason why 作原因 状语 ＝for which
We live in an age when more information is available with great ease than ever before.
我们生活在一个比以前任何时候都更容易获得更多信息的时代。
Ancient China was a place where states were often at war with each other.
古代中国是国家之间经常发生战争的地方。
Can you tell me the reason why (＝for which) you are late again
你能告诉我你再次迟到的原因吗？
He lived in a time when the blind couldn't get much education.
在他生活的那个时代，盲人是接受不了什么教育的。
I walked up to the top of the hill with my friend, where we enjoyed a splendid view of the lake.
我和朋友一起登上了山顶，在山顶上我们欣赏到了湖光美景。
[名师点津]
当先行词为一些表示抽象地点的名词，如point、situation、case、stage等时，如果引导词在从句中作状语，常用关系副词where引导定语从句。
先行词occasion意为“时机”时，用关系副词when；意为“场合”时，用关系副词where。
当先行词way意为“方法、方式”，且在从句中作状语时，可用that、in which或省略关系词这三种形式。
I have come to the point where/at which I can't stand him.
我已经到了无法容忍他的地步。
【小题微练】
4．Two other letters are from a father to his children in Torquay, _______ the museum believes they may have escaped.
解析：考查定语从句。空格处引导非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词Torquay，关系词在从句中作地点状语，应用关系副词where引导该从句。
where
5．(2020·天津卷5月)Mr. Smith owned this oil painting until the early 1990s, _________ he gave it to his grandson.
解析：考查定语从句。空格处引导非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词the early 1990s, 并在从句中作时间状语，应用when。
when
6．(2019·天津卷)Their child is at the stage ________ she can say individual words but not full sentences.
解析：考查定语从句。分析句子结构可知设空处引导定语从句，先行词是the stage，表抽象地点，关系词在定语从句中作地点状语，应用关系副词where引导定语从句。
where
考点三 “介词＋关系代词”引导的定语从句
若介词放在关系代词之前，关系代词指人时常用whom，指物时常用which。whose可以转化为“the＋名词＋of which/whom”。另外， whose也可以放在介词后，即“介词＋whose＋名词”结构。
He is the person on whom you can depend.
他是你可以信赖的人。
The books on the desk, whose covers are shiny, are prizes for us.
＝The books on the desk, the covers of which are shiny, are prizes for us.
桌上封面亮闪闪的那些书是我们的奖品。
He was the man from whose room the thief had stolen his bag.
他就是被小偷从房间里偷走包的那个人。
[名师点津] 注意“名词/代词/数词＋介词＋关系代词”结构
◆Last Sunday I bought some books from the bookstore, three of which were English novels.
上星期日我从书店买了一些书，其中三本是英文小说。
◆He told us a story in English, the meaning of which I couldn't understand completely.
他用英语给我们讲了一个故事，我不能完全理解它的意思。
There are about 400 students in our grade, most of whom are from Haidian District.
我们年级大约有400名学生，其中大多数来自海淀区。
【小题微练】
7．(2021·天津卷3月)William Hastie once suggested that history informs us of past mistakes from _______ we can learn without repeating them.
解析：考查定语从句。分析句子结构可知，该句为介词提前的定语从句，应用which指代先行词past mistakes。
which
8．Hua Mulan, the story of _________ has been told by generations in China, is a fighter from the Northern Wei Dynasty (386－534)．
解析：考查定语从句。定语从句先行词是Hua Mulan, 指人，关系词在从句中作介词of 的宾语，应用关系代词whom引导定语从句。
whom
冲关练 提素养
Ⅰ.语法填空
(2022·湖州五校模拟)Chinatown in San Francisco is the 1.______(big) in America, and also the oldest. It is a very popular tourist attraction that receives more visitors each year than even the Golden Gate Bridge. The climate is mild all year round, meaning there is always a good time to visit it.
biggest
Historically, Chinese immigrants settled in the area during the railroad construction and gold rush period. What started 2.______ a residential (住宅的) area for Chinese immigrants then turned into a centre for Chinese culture. Most of the residents in Chinatown 3.______(be) still Chinese, many of whom do not speak English fluently. This allows visitors to experience a real taste of China.
as
are
Most of Chinatown 4.________________(destroy) in the 1906 earthquake, but the city and residents rebuilt it, taking care to include lots of Chinese architecture. 5._______________(traditional), visitors enter Chinatown through the legendary Dragon Gate, which was built using materials donated from China. Visitors can also spend hours just 6._________(explore) the interesting sights, smells and sounds of China.
was destroyed
Traditionally
exploring
Portsmouth Square, the centre of Chinatown, is also a key site, which has a long and famous history. These days, the square is a great place to see traditional Chinese culture in real life, such as games of Chinese chess and people practising tai chi.
The 7.________(store) in Chinatown offer a unique range of souvenirs and other goods. All kinds of traditional Chinese herbal medicine can be found too, and there are Chinese tea shops, 8.______ visitors can taste and buy a variety of Chinese tea. But perhaps 9.______ many tourists and San Franciscans treasure most about Chinatown is its food. There are traditional dishes from all over China to suit everyone's taste.
stores
where
what
Chinatowns are an important part of the diverse culture of the USA.They allow visitors who have never been to China 10._________________(experience) traditional Chinese culture first-hand.
【解题导语】 本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了旧金山唐人街的相关情况。
to experience
Ⅱ.写作运用
根据汉语提示补全作文，并注意定语从句的运用。
1．________________________(众所周知), high school life is an important turning point and 2.____________________________________________________________________(高中校园是学生学习和生活的重要场所). My classmates and I decided to do something for the coming graduation. Having had a heated discussion, we agreed on making a video to record our experiences at school.
As is universally known
high school campus is an important place where students study and live
Thank you!