陕西省部分学校2021-2022学年高二上学期期末考试英语试题汇编：阅读理解（含解析）

陕西省部分学校
2021-2022学年高二上学期期末考试英语试题分类汇编
阅读理解
陕西省安康市汉阴中学2021-2022学年高二上学期期末联考英语试题（解析版）
第一节
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。
A
If you’ve found yourself stuck in reading burnout lately, you are not alone. Thankfully, a short reading book may be a good solution to this. Here are four books under 250 pages that are certainly worth your attention.
Assembly by Natasha Brown
With her unique narrative voice, Brown covers everything from the workplace to the British colonialism. In just the 100-page fiction, Brown manages to cover more fertile ground than many of the celebrated books six times its size.
Intimations by Zadie Smith
There are few writers who could excite us with the concept of an essay collection focusing on the experience of living in the disease lockdown, but an exception must always be made for Smith. Written before 2020 was even half-way through. Intimations is a window into the authors’ reflection on the special time we have lived through.
We Live in Water by Jess Walter
It is the first collection of short fiction from the bestselling author. Walter’s slim collection of short stories offers the same observation you can find in his novel, The Financial Lives of the Poets. As for Walter’s nonfiction, you will fall in love with it again each time you read one of his novels.
The Poetry Pharmacy by William Sieghart
Sometimes, only poetry will do. Offering a cure for any spiritual pain, these poetic wise words of advice offer comfort, delight and inspiration for all. From everyday worries to finding the strength to deal with life’s great difficulty, this is the perfect volume to have by your side.
1. How is Intimations different from the other three books
A. It is a bestseller.
B. It is a short reading book.
C. It is related to the disease lockdown.
D. It is about famous British workplaces.
2. Which of the following are short fiction
A. Assembly and Intimations.
B. Assembly and We Live in Water.
C. Intimations and The Poetry Pharmacy.
D. We Live in Water and The Poetry Pharmacy.
3. Which author wants to heal people through poems
A. Natasha Brown. B. Zadie Smith.
C. Jess Walter. D. William Sieghart.
B
On James Owen’s 70th birthday, he saw a video of himself bending the top of his body forward and raising his shoulders and back and walking slowly up to the platform where he was giving a talk. “I looked like an old man,” says Owen, who built a successful career on Wall Street. Even worse, he felt like an old man. He was about 25 pounds overweight and had trouble with his back, knees and shoulders.
Later, instead of giving in to age, Owen decided to set an ambitious five-year goal. He wanted to be pain-free, and he decided the way to get there was through exercise-even though at the time he couldn’t do a single push-up. Owen began walking though he was out of breath after five minutes. But that didn’t discourage him. He kept at the walks every day, along with some stretching. Once he had those basics down, he started lifting weights and hired a personal trainer to teach him and design a routine he could follow on his own. The last piece was finding other activities he enjoyed, which turned out to be cycling and swimming.
In less than five years, Owen was able to do three sets of 50 push-ups each and walk for miles each day. And yes, he was free of aches and pains. “Aging is only about 25% genes, and the rest is lifestyle,” he says. “As long as you’re still mobile, it’s never too late to become more healthy.”
Owen used his experience to write a book called Just Move! A New Approach to Fitness after 50, in which he details how older adults can safely get off the couch and add more movement to their lives. He says, “Think of it as movement, not exercise. Get started even if you walk just three blocks, which was all I could manage at first.” He adds, “The key is slow and steady progress. Not every investment pays off, but it is the best investment I’ve ever made in my life.”
4. What can we learn about Owen from the video
A. He was a good model.
B. He was in bad physical condition.
C. He was overweight but straight in shape.
D. He was wealthy and enthusiastic about exercise.
5. What does paragraph 2 mainly tell us about Owen
A. His athletic actions. B. His work routine.
C. His personal trainer. D. His career ambitions.
6. Which of the following does Owen agree with
A. Healthy lifestyle can delay aging.
B. Good genes keep people young forever.
C. Investments will surely bring great rewards.
D. Exercise quickly promotes physical recovery.
7. What can be concluded from the text
A. Bad news has wings. B. A good medicine tastes bitter.
C. Don’t judge a book by its cover. D. It is never too old to exercise.
C
Normally museums exhibit only a small part of their collections, but the Boijmans Van Beuningen gallery in Rotterdam is the first in the world to display the whole lot.
Housed in a huge mirrored, bowl-shaped depot attached to the museum in the Dutch port city, its collection of 151,000 artworks by artists including Vincent van Gogh and Oscar-Claude Monet will be accessible to visitors from Saturday.
“It is the only fully accessible depot, public depot that is open in the world,” museum director Sjarel Ex told AFP as media toured the building on Tuesday ahead of the opening. “What happens here is that you do not follow the script that was written by a curator. You see things by accident, and you feel that you are discovering things.”
“Normally, only some 6 to 10 percent of collections at major museums around the world like the Boijmans Van Beuningen are on display, and the rest kept in closed storage depots,” said Ex. That will now change for the Rotterdam institution. Visitors will even be able to watch works being restored. “If you do not show the works, people will stop talking about and thinking about an artwork. As a result, it is very likely that it is into oblivion—out of sight,” he said.
The project, whose cost was around 92 million euros has mainly been covered by private donations, features five different temperature zones for different types of artworks. The depot was originally created to solve a very serious problem-the possibility of flooding in a low-lying country where a third of the land sits below sea level. The old basement below the museum was likely to let in water, making it unsuitable for storage. “Every building is a moment in time, so this celebrates for sure the climate,” said its architect, Winy Maas. “Why Because it’s the reason for the existence of this building-the former archives were under water. It was flooding, so we have to bring it up.”
8. What makes the Boijmans Van Beuningen gallery special
A. It lies on a site below sea level. B. Most of its collections are donations.
C. It has the most collections in the world. D. It is the world’s first museum to exhibit all collections.
9. What do we know from Sjarel Ex’s words
A. Collections are not supposed to be shown. B. Visitors can discover the collections in person.
C. The curator guides visitors around the museum. D. The depot is just open to the public occasionally.
10. What does the underlined word “oblivion” mean in paragraph 4
A. Honor. B. Forgetfulness. C. Memory. D. Preservation.
11. What is the best title for the text
A. A Dutch Museum Was Rebuilt After Being Damaged By Flood
B. The Boijmans Van Beuningen Gallery Held Its First Exhibition
C. A Museum Opens Its Entire Art Collections in The Globe First
D. Major Museums In The World Will Display The Whole Collections
D
Four tobacco plant seeds found in an ancient Utah fireplace suggest early Americans might have been using the plant 12,300 years ago. The finding makes the first known use of tobacco some 9,000 years earlier than previously thought. Researchers believe hunter-gatherers in the Great Salt Lake Desert may have smoked wads of the plant. Until now, the earliest evidence of tobacco use was a 3,300-year-old smoking pipe discovered in Alabama.
Scientists discovered the millimetre-wide seeds at the Wishbone site, an ancient camp in the desert in what is now northern Utah. There, they found the rest of an ancient hearth (壁炉地面) that was surrounded by bone and stone artefacts (手工艺品).
Their findings suggest the native American hunter-gatherers may have consumed the tobacco while cooking or toolmaking, the scientists say in a paper published in the journal Nature Human Behaviour.
The tobacco plant is native to the Americas and contains the psychoactive addictive substance nicotine (尼古丁). Tobacco was widely cultivated and spread around the world following the arrival of Europeans in the Americas at the end of the 15th century.
“The tobacco seeds were the big surprise. They are incredibly small and rare to be preserved,” said Daron Duke, a researcher of the Far Western Anthropological Research Group. “Today, the Great Salt Lake Desert is a large dry lake. But 12,300 years ago, the camp would have been on a vast marshland. We know very little about their culture. The thing that interests me most about this find is the social window it gives to a simple activity in an undocumented past. My imagination runs wild.”
12. What does the finding suggest in paragraph 1
A. Americans prefer using smoking pipes.
B. Tobacco plants can easily be found around America.
C. Tobacco plants were introduced into America 9,000 years ago.
D. Americans have a longer history of tobacco use than we thought.
13. What did scientists find at the ancient camp
A. Some animal meat.
B. A rich farming land.
C. Small tobacco seeds.
D. A modern hunting tool.
14. What can we learn from paragraph 4
A. Europeans contributed to the spread of tobacco.
B. Americans started learning to smoke in the 1500s.
C. Tobacco was first planted in America by Europeans.
D. People extremely cared about the effects of smoking.
15. What did Daron Duke think of the discovery of tobacco seeds
A. Amazing. B. Threatening. C. Alarming. D. Satisfying.
陕西省白河高级中学2021-2022学年高二上学期期末考试（实验班）英语试卷（解析版）
第一节（共15小题：每小题2分，满分30分）
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项（A、B、C和D）中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
A
One of the newest “smart” devices is an old favorite, a camera. And smart cameras are getting smarter all the time. Some are now built with machine learning tools to help them think for themselves. Machine learning involves putting large amounts of data into a computer for processing.
Google Clips
One of the latest to launch is Google Clips. It is the first camera developed by the web search giant that is not built into a phone.
The small and light device is designed to be put somewhere in a room to take pictures by itself. It can also be stuck to an object or a person’s clothing.
Google says machine learning helps the camera choose the best times and situations for taking pictures and video clips. It can also recognize the faces of people or pets chosen by the user and take pictures of them in a more natural way.
The device is not yet being sold, but interested buyers can join a waiting list to be informed when it is available.
GoPro Hero
GoPro is another company developing machine learning technology. GoPro also uses machine learning to power its QuikStories feature. This tool takes existing photos and videos and automatically creates a finished video piece, complete with music and effects.
Snap Spectacles
Messaging app Snapchat sells a pair of sunglasses with a built-in camera that can record short video clips with the push of a button. Snap Inc. says the product, called Spectacles, is designed to “capture the moment, without taking you out of it”. Many smart phones already have facial recognition technology built into the devices.
Snap Inc. has started selling its Spectacles sunglasses online in the United States.
Apple iPhone X
Apple’s new iPhone X is being launched with its new Face ID system that it says will unlock the phone just by having the user look at it. This replaces the Touch ID on previous devices that used a fingerprint to unlock the phone.
Apple says the system works by projecting more than 30, 000 dots on the face to create a kind of map. Apple claims its facial recognition is even secure enough to allow payments through its Apple Pay service.
21. What can machine learning tools help cameras do
A. Get much smarter. B. Process more roughly.
C. Keep data for ever. D. Store more natural photos.
22. What can we know about Google Clips
A. It can only be put in a room. B. People can buy it online easily.
C. It can be built into a phone. D. You can take photos automatically with it.
23. Which of the following can now be bought surely on the Internet
A. Google Clips. B. GoPro Hero.
C. Spectacles sunglasses. D. Apple iPhone X.
B
On average, primary school children in England have at least three sugary snacks a day, Public Health England (PHE) found. This means that the sugar they consume is three times more than the recommended maximum.
Children between the ages of 4 and 10 consume 51.2% of sugar from unhealthy snacks. PHE has launched a campaign, Change4Life, to encourage parents to look for healthier snacks of no more than 100 calories, and to limit them to two a day. The campaign advises parents to give their children a maximum of two snacks a day, with each containing no more than 100 calories. The campaign will also offer parents special suggestions on a range of healthier snacks—ones with 100 calories or fewer—at selected supermarkets, PHE said.
PHE said it had also improved its app so that it could mark the content of sugar, salt and fat in food and drinks. Dr Alison Tedstone told the BBC she hoped the campaign would help parents to choose healthier snacks for their children. “If you wander through a supermarket, you can see much more goods being sold as snacks than ever before,” she said, “It’s a common phenomenon that kids’ lunchboxes are full of snacks, leading to a lot of calories for lunch. Our research shows that parents usually appreciate a rule of thumb (经验法则). However, they are surprised to know how much sugar their children are consuming in snacks now.”
Justine Roberts, founder of Mumsnet, said, “The intake (摄入量) of sugar that kids are getting from snacks and sugary drinks alone is pretty astonishing, and it can often be difficult to distinguish which snacks are healthy and which are not. The rule of thumb from Change4Life can help parents make their decision correctly and wisely. ”
24. In terms of snacks, the Change4Life recommends that children have at most ________.
A one snack a day B. three snacks a day
C. 100 calories a day D. 200 calories a day
25. What can PHE’s improved app help parents do
A. Test the calories of snacks.
B. Choose delicious snacks.
C. Know the exact content in snacks.
D. Save much money buying snacks.
26. Which of the following can be inferred from Justine Roberts’ words
A. Most parents’ former experience about snacks is practical.
B. It is easy to tell healthy snacks and unhealthy snacks apart.
C. Children only take in lots of sugar from snacks and drinks.
D. Change4Life is meaningful for parents’ decisions on snacks.
27. What is the best title for the text
A. Solve the Health Problems of Children
B. Change the Eating Habits of Children
C. Limit Children’s Intake of Calories
D. Ensure Children’s Healthy Lifestyle
C
If our kids don’t fall, they don’t learn to get up. I still remember the day in high school that my mom forgot to pick me up from school. I’m the oldest of four children, and no doubt she’d had a long day with the other kids and it’d slipped her mind. After waiting at school for an hour, I walked the three miles home, and when I got to my house, I shut our front door with anger, stormed into the kitchen and screamed in my mom’s face that she’d forgotten me.
Later that night, my dad told me I no longer had a ride to school the next day. I figured my mom would still take me, but when the morning came, she refused. It was midterm, and as a straight-A student ready to start college applications, being late wasn’t an option. In my mind, missing these tests would have been the end of my academic career. I begged my mom. I told her she was ruining my future and everything I’d worked for. But she held her ground, and that day, I walked to school. And I missed my tests.
My mom didn’t rescue me from failure. She let me suffer from it. She let me figure it out. She let me learn. Now, as a mom myself, I’ve realized that I want my kids to experience failure because failure is how we grow, learn and think outside of ourselves. It’s how we self-educate to learn what’s right and respectable, and what’s not. It’s how we become responsible and enthusiastic.
Falling down makes us better, because we learn how to get up.
28. Why did the author shout at her mother
A. Because she was tired after walking home.
B. Because she missed some important tests.
C. Because her mother had ruined her future.
D. Because her mother didn’t pick her up home.
29. How does the author feel about her experience now
A. Disappointed. B. Merciful.
C. Beneficial. D. Embarrassed.
30. What does the underlined phrase “held her ground” in Paragraph 2 mean
A. Stuck to her decision. B. Gave in to me.
C. Said yes to me. D. Stayed in the place.
31. What is the best title for the text
A. Offer Your Kids Help if Necessary B. Stop Rescuing Your Kids from Failure
C. Be Responsible for Your Kids’ Failure D. Try to Meet Your Kids’ Demands
D
A study showed that the experiences children have in their first few years are important . These experiences affect the development of the brain. When children receive more attention, they often have higher IQs. Babies receive information when they see, hear and feel things, which makes connections between different parts of the brain. There are a hundred trillion(万亿)connections in the brain of a three-year-old child.
Researcher Judit Gervain tested how good newborns are at distinguishing different sound patterns. Her researchers produced images of the brains of babies as they heard different sound patterns. For example, one order was mu-ba-ba. This is the pattern"A-B-B". Another order was mu-ba-ge. This is the pattern “A-B-C”. The images showed that the part of the brain responsible for speech was more active during the" A-B-B"pattern. This shows that babies can tell the difference between different patterns. They also were sensitive to where it occurred in the order.
Gervain is excited by these findings because the order of sounds is the building block of words and grammar. "Position is key to language," she says. "If something is at the beginning or at the end, it makes a big difference: 'John caught the bear.' is very different from 'The bear caught John.'”
Researchers led by scientist Patricia Kuhl have found that language delivered by televisions, audio books, the Internet, or smartphones－no matter how educational－doesn’t appear to be enough for children’s brain development. They carried out a study of nine-month-old American babies. They expected the first group who’d watched videos in Chinese to show the same kind of learning as the second group who were brought face-to-face with the same sounds. Instead they found a huge difference. The babies in the second group were able to distinguish between similar Chinese sounds as well as native listeners. But the other babies －regardless of whether they had watched the video or listened to the audio－learned nothing.
32. What makes connections in a baby’s brain
A. Having a higher IQ. B. Experiencing new information.
C The baby’s early age. D. The connection with other babies.
33. What did Judit Gervain and her team find in the experiment
A. Babies can identify different sound patterns.
B. Word order is relevant to meaning.
C. Babies can well understand different words.
D. A certain brain region processes language.
34. What does the underlined sentence mean in Paragraph 3
A. Words have different sounds.
B. Different orders have different meanings.
C. Different languages have different grammar.
D. Grammar is important in learning languages.
35. What is the main conclusion from the study led by Patricia Kuhl
A. Babies shouldn’t watch a lot of television.
B. Foreign languages help babies’ brain develop.
C. Listening to different languages develops babies’ brain.
D. Social communication improves babies’ brain development.
陕西省西安中学2021-2022学年高二上学期期末考试英语试题（解析版）
第一节（共10小题；每小题2分,满分20分）
从每小题的A、B、C、D四个选项中,选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
A
Harvard University is devoted to excellence in teaching, learning, and research, and to developing leaders in many subjects who make a difference globally. Browse free online courses in a variety of subjects. Harvard University courses found below can be verified free or students can choose to receive a verified certificate for a small fee. Select a course to learn more.
CS50's Introduction to Computer Science
Length: 14 weeks Effort: 6 hours per week
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What you'll learn:
●A broad understanding of computer science and programming
●Concepts like abstraction, algorithms, data structures, encapsulation, resource man-agement, security, software engineering, and web development
Masterpieces of World Literature
Length: 12 weeks Effort: 8 hours per week
Price: Free (Add a Verified Certificate for￥1,093) Instructors: David Damrosch
What you'll learn:
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The Health Effects of Climate Change
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Price: Free (Add a Verified Certificate for￥968) Instructors: Ashish Jha
What you'll learn:
●Climate change's impacts on nutrition, migration, and infectious diseases
●Strategies to lessen and adapt to the health impacts of climate change
Global China: From the Mongols to the Ming
Length: 15 weeks Effort: 6 hours per week
Price: Free (Add a Verified Certificate for￥643) Instructors: William C. Kirby
What you'll learn:
●How the Mongols created the greatest empire in human history.
●How the Ming Dynasty established a new global economy.
11. Which course requires the most study hours in all
A. Masterpieces of World Literature.
B. The Health Effects of Climate Change.
C. CS50's Introduction to Computer Science.
D. Global China: From the Mongols to the Ming.
12. How much should a student pay for a Verified Certificate about history
A. ￥1,293. B. ￥1,093. C. ￥968. D. ￥643.
13. What will a student learn from instructor Ashish Jha
A. How plants will adapt to climate change.
B. How climate changes affect human beings.
C. How to solve global warming effectively.
D. How humans' activities influence Earth's atmosphere.
B
Recently whenever I turned on my computer or my mobile phone, news about the great effect of Hurricane Harvey on thousands of people caught my eye. I saw many unfortunate events. However, there were also the bright news that confirmed the goodness of mankind. As a journalist, I wrote many human-interest stories during my career. That's why the story about the guys in the bakery caught my eye.
When the staff at a Mexican bakery chain in Houston were trapped inside the building for two days, they didn't sit there feeling sorry for themselves. They used their time wisely after flooding caused by Hurricane Harvey. While they were waiting for the eventual rescue that came on Monday morning, four decided to make as many loaves of bread as possible for their community.
The flood water rose in the street outside. They took advantage of their emergency power supply to bake bread. They used more than 4,200 pounds of flour to create hundreds of loaves and sheets of sweet bread. Although the water kept rising, they continued baking to help more people. By the time the owner managed to get to them, they had made so much bread that they took the loaves to loads of emergency centers across the city for people affected by the floods.
The store manager, Brian Alvarado, told The Independent, “Whenever a disaster occurs, nobody should just feel desperate. Instead, we should take positive action to save ourselves and help others. Our acts of kindness will make a big difference.”
14. What did the bakery store workers do after flooding caused by Hurricane Harvey
A. They volunteered to make bread for their community.
B. They managed to live by selling more bread in the store.
C. They felt sorry that they couldn't escape from the store.
D. They ate nothing but to wait for their community to rescue them.
15. What can we infer from the text
A Alvarado organized his workers to bake much bread.
B. Hurricane Harvey caused a power failure in Houston.
C. The staff in the bakery sent enough flour to emergency centers.
D. The author preferred to write stories about people facing disasters.
16. What can be the best title for the text
A. A Popular Mexican Bakery Chain in Houston
B. Wait for the Eventual Rescue in a Big Disaster
C. Bake Bread to Make a Difference in the Hurricane
D. Disasters Caused by Hurricane in Houston
C
The possibility of self-driving robot cars has often seemed like a futurist's dream, years away from materializing in the real world. Well, the future is apparently now. The California Department of Motor Vehicles began giving permits in April for companies to test truly self-driving cars on public roads. The state also cleared the way for companies to sell or rent out self-driving cars, and for companies to operate driverless taxi services. California, it should be noted, isn't leading the way panies have been testing their vehicles in cities across the country. It's hard to predict when driverless cars will be everywhere on our roads. But however long it takes, the technology has the potential to change our transportation systems and our cities, for better or for worse, depending on how the transformation is regulated.
While much of the debate so far has been focused on the safety of driverless cars (and rightfully so), policymakers also should be talking about how self-driving vehicles can help reduce traffic jams, cut emissions and offer more convenient, affordable mobility options. The arrival of driverless vehicles is a chance to make sure that those vehicles are environmentally friendly and more shared.
Do we want to copy—or even worsen-the traffic of today with driveress cars Imagine a future where most adults own individual self-driving vehicles. They tolerate long, slow journeys to and from work on packed highways because they can work, entertain themselves or sleep on the ride, which encourages urban spread. They take their driverless car to an appointment and set the empty vehicle to circle the building to avoid paying for parking. Instead of walking a few blocks to pick up a child or the dry cleaning, they send the self-driving minibus. The convenience even leads fewer people to take public transport---an unwelcome side effect researchers have already found in ride-hailing services.
A study from the University of California at Davis suggested that replacing petrol-powered private cars worldwide with electric, self-driving and shared systems could reduce carbon emissions from transportation 80% and cut the cost of transportation infrastructure and operations 40% by 2050. Fewer emissions and cheaper travel sound pretty appealing. The first commercially available driverless cars will almost certainly be fielded by ride-hailing services, considering the cost of self-driving technology as well as liability and maintenance issues. But driverless car ownership could increase as the prices drop and more people become comfortable with the technology.
Policymakers should start thinking now about how to make sure the appearance of driverless vehicles doesn't extend the worst aspects of the car-controlled transportation system we have today. The coming technological advancement presents a chance for cities and states to develop transportation systems designed to move more people, and more affordably. The car of the future is coming. We just have to plan for it.
17. According to the author, attention should be paid to how driverless cars can ________.
A. help deal with transportation-related problems B. provide better services to customers
C. cause damage to our environment D. make some people lose jobs
18. As for driverless cars, what is the author's major concern
A. Safety. B. Side effects. C. Management. D. Affordability.
19. What does the underlined word "fielded” in Paragraph 4 probably mean
A. Replaced. B. Employed. C. Shared. D. Reduced.
20. What is the authors attitude to the future of self-driving cars
A Doubtful. B. Negative. C. Disapproving. D. Positive.
陕西省西北农林科技大学附属中学2021-2022学年高二上学期期末考试英语试题（解析版）
第一节（共15小题: 每小题2分, 满分30分）
阅读下列短文, 从每题所给的四个选项（A、B、C、和D）中, 选出最佳选项。
A
This famous site features one of the largest and most representative collections of Buddhist architecture and art in China. It was rated as a 5A-class tourist attraction in 2010.
The Lingshan Grand Buddha is an 88-meter-high open-air bronze statue of Sakyamuni. It is 17 meters higher than the Grand Buddha at Leshan Mountain. It is part of the pattern of Five Buddhas in five directions together with the Big Buddha at Lantau Island in Hong Kong to the south, the Grand Buddha at Leshan Mountain to the west, the Grand Buddha in Yungang Caves to the north and the Grand Buddha at the Longmen Caves in the central area. At the feet of the Grand Buddha, you can feel the loftiness （雄伟）and dignity of Buddhism.
Tips：
Location: Lingshan Road, Mashan town, Binhu district, Wuxi
Tickets: Through ticket： 210 yuan （ $ 31. 85） , and free tickets for the performance of Ode to Auspiciousness for individual visitors
Opening hours for Lingshan Mountain: 7：00 17：00
Opening hours for Brahma Palace: 9：00 18：00
Recommendations:
The Nine-Dragon Fountain
The Nine-Dragon Fountain in front of the giant Buddha will start to play music and the song, The Birth of Buddha , at 10 am every day. A huge lotus（莲花）slowly blooms with six petals, and a 7-meter golden statue of Prince Buddha rises from the lotus, with one hand pointing to the sky and one hand at the earth, symbolizing Buddha's light shining on all things.
The Brahma Palace
The whole palace shows the mixture of traditional cultural elements with Western architectural features. Many cultural heritage items and art works can be found there. Its splendid design surprises every visitor.
21. What is the Lingshan Grand Buddha famous for
A. Its typical collections of architecture and art.
B. Its special material.
C. Its geographical location.
D. Its long history.
22. What do we know about the performance of Ode to Auspiciousness
A. It lasts 10 hours for visitors. B. It costs 210 yuan at least.
C. It's available only for group visitors. D. It's free if you get a through ticket.
23. Why does the writer recommend the Brahma Palace to us
A. It’s in front of the giant Buddha.
B. Its design and collections are amazing.
C. Visitors can enjoy a huge lotus there.
D. Many traditional cultural items are on sale.
B
When someone is homeless or trying to recover from a natural disaster, they are in need of a lot of the basic life necessities that many of us take for granted (认为……是理所当然的). While people are often encouraged to donate canned goods, not everyone is thinking about things like shoes.
Of course, you can’t go looking for a new job or a home, if you have no shoes to walk in. One woman in Hays, Kansas took this into consideration, and found a way to help hundreds of people.
Payless stores were going out of business, and shoes were selling for as little as $1 per pair, so a woman named Addy Tritt bought out all the remaining shoes at the Hays Payless store—more than 200 pairs—and donated them to flood victims (灾民) in Nebrsska.
Those shoes were then included in a flood relief shipment taken to farmers in Nebraska by Fort Hays State University. Tritt, who recently graduated from FHSU’s human resources program, wanted to “pay it forward”.
“I have been so lucky,” she said. “There have been so many great people in my life who have inspired me. I see so many terrible things in the news. So many people have helped me when I was down. They influenced me so much that I want to help if I can.”
Tritt has a history of charitable (慈善发) acts. She has donated more than 60 bags of school supplies to Hays students, and organized a baby clothes drive and two supply drives for the animal shelter.
“I really feel I have been directed and guided to help people,” she said. “If you can do something for someone else, you need to find a way even if it is a pair of shoes.”
24. How did Tritt help flood victims
A. By sending some food to them.
B. By helping them find new jobs.
C. By selling shoes to raise money for them.
D. By buying shoes for them.
25. What does the underlined phrase “pay it forward” in paragraph 4 mean
A. Pay ahead of time. B. Save some money.
C. Pass the love. D. Put forward the plan.
26. What made Tritt volunteer to help those victims
A. The low price of shoes. B. Other people’s influence.
C. Ideas from her school. D. The sad situation of victims.
27. Which word can best describe Tritt
A. Caring. B. Independent.
C. Clever. D. Brave.
C
Seeing a volcano erupt (喷发) is a wonderful experience, and you can really feel the heat by climbing to the summit (山顶) of Pacaya for a close—up view. There are guided tours every day up this highly active volcano from Antigua. Giving travelers a chance to see Mother Nature at her most powerful.
Pacaya is an easy drive from Antigua, a beautiful city with many colorful houses along its old streets that are turned into art—works during its Holy Week festival. No matter when you come to Antigua, you won’t miss the Pacaya—tour companies.
But climbing Pacaya is no easy job: it is 2, 560 metres high, and reaching the summit takes two to three hours of seemingly one—step—forward and two—step—back movements. As you climb, you hear the dull sounds of eruptions high above. Steaming, hot remains from recent eruptions begin to line the path as you near the active summit: the McKenney Cone (火山锥). Just as though you were going to walk over to the edge of the cone, the road turns to the left and up to the relative safety of the old, inactive summit.
Many tours are timed so that you arrive at the cone of the volcano in plenty of time for sunset and the full contrast between the erupting red lava (熔岩) and the darkening sky. On a good day the view from the summit is extremely exciting. The active mouth boils, sending red lava over its sides, and once in a while shoots hot streams up to 100 metres into the air. There is a strong bad smell in the air even if you take care to be upwind of the cone. As evening turns deeper into the night, the burning lava quietly falls down the side of the volcano. For you, too, it is time to get down.
28. What is the main purpose of this passage
A. To describe the beauty of Pacaya. B. To attract tourists to Pacaya.
C. To introduce guided tours to Pacaya. D. To explain the power of nature at Pacaya.
29. Antigua is a city_________.
A. where the daring Pacaya tour starts B. where people can enjoy cultural festivals
C. that gives a close—up view of Pacaya D. that is famous for its tour companies
30. Climbing to the McKenney Cone, people will _________.
A. walk directly to the active summit
B. hear the continuous loud noise from above
C. see a path lined with remains of earlier eruptions
D. make greater efforts than to other summits
31. Many tours are timed for people to _________.
A. get down the mountain in time when night falls
B. avoid the smell from the upwind direction of the cone
C. appreciate the scenery of the 2,560—metre—high mountain
D. enjoy the fantastic eruption against the darkening sky
D
Scientists say baby sharks are at risk of being born smaller and without the energy they need to survive because of warming oceans from climate change.
Scientists studied epaulette sharks, which live off Australia and New Guinea. They found that warmer conditions sped up the sharks’ growing process. That meant the sharks were born earlier and very tired. The findings could be used in the study of other sharks, including those that give birth to live young.
The scientists studied 27 sharks. Some were raised in average summer water temperatures, about 27 degrees Celsius. Others were raised in higher temperatures around 29 degrees Celsius and 31 degrees Celsius. They found that the sharks raised in the warmest temperatures weighed much less than those raised in average temperatures. They also showed reduced energy levels.
Epaulette sharks can grow to a length of about one meter. Their name comes from large spots on their bodies that look like decorations on some military clothing.
One study this year found that worldwide numbers of oceanie sharks and rays dropped more than 70 percent between 1970 and 2018. Overfishing is a main concern, while climate change and pollution also threaten shark.
Carolyn Wheeler is a doctoral student at the University of Massachusetts Boston and with the ARC Centre of Excellence for Coral Reef Studies at James Cook University in Australia. She was the lead author of the epaulette shark study. She said that while all the sharks survived, those raised in warmer temperatures were not strong enough to survive for long in the wild.
She added that if the sharks are born smaller than usual “they are probably going to have to start looking for food sooner—and they’re going to have less time to adjust to their surroundings.” The study should serve as a warning to ocean governing agencies that careful management is needed to prevent the loss of more sharks.
32. In what aspect do the warmer conditions affect the baby sharks
A Their food. B. Their body weight. C. Their living habits. D. Their moving route.
33. How did the scientists carry out their study
A. By studying former data.
B. By tracking sharks in the wild.
C. By collecting information about climate change.
D. By comparing sharks in waters of different temperatures
34. What does paragraph 5 mainly talk about
A. The origin of sharks’ names. B. The sharks’ appearance.
C. The threats to sharks’ survival. D. The sharks’ living environment.
35. Which of the following can be the best title for the text
A. Scientists Raise Sharks to Deal with Problems
B. Global Warming Has Reduced Shark Populations
C. Baby Sharks Struggle to Survive in Warming Oceans
D. Scientists Are Struggling to Save Sharks from Extinction
陕西省咸阳市武功县普集高中2021-2022学年高二上学期期末英语试题
第一节（共 15 小题；每小题 2 分，满分 30 分）
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的 A、B、C 和 D 四个选项中，选出最佳选项。
A
Do you look for something to read while in London If so, you’re lucky. The British capital happens to have an incredible collection of bookshops.
Foyles
If you will, dig the picture: four miles of shelves holding up to 200, 000 books. Let’s hope you have some time to read books when travelling in Foyles. This bookshop is impossible to leave empty-handed. It was once listed in the Guinness Book of World Records as the biggest bookshop on the planet.
Location: 107 Charing Cross Rd
Hatchards
In the year 1797, Thomas Paine published Agrarian Justice. It’s also the year this London bookshop, the oldest in the city today, first turned on its lights. It stocks an excellent selection of fiction, nonfiction, history and other sorts.
Location: 187 Piccadilly St
Libreria
This bookshop is one of the most pleasing of its kind in London. The yellow bookshelves add a touch of color and mystery and, well, you kind of just want to grab a book and a seat and stay a while. Mobile phone usage is strongly banned here.
Location: 65 Hanbury St
London Review Bookshop
This wonderful bookshop that opened in 2003 comes from the smart people of the London Review of Books. As you’d expect, there is an excellent selection of history, philosophy, politics, new fiction and many other sorts here. Plus, there’s a nice cafe in which you can have something to drink and start reading.
Location: 16 Bury PI
21. Where can you find the oldest bookshop in London
A. 16 Bury PI. B. 187 Piccadilly St. C. 107 Charing Cross Rd. D. 65 Hanbury St.
22. What is special about Libreria
A. It has various books. B. It is located in London.
C. It has yellow bookshelves. D. It is the biggest one.
23. Which bookshop can offer people coffee
A. Foyles. B. Hatchards. C. Libreria. D. London Review Bookshop.
B
Recently I’ve had two good roles on television. But when I was just getting started in theater work 17 years ago, I never thought I’d make it. Back then I was recovering from surgery and had been off work for six months. Even worse, as a single mother with three youngsters, I had no place to live in. I felt hopeless.
One Sunday morning I saw actor Robert Young on the television talking about his faith: Believe yourself! If we confidently take that first step, well take the next, until we reach our goal.
The first step was scary. After I went working part-time, I looked for an apartment. The ones I saw were either too expensive, or I couldn’t raise my children in them. I knew a house, not an apartment, was more suitable for me. However, after seeing several houses, my confidence was shaken. I found two seemed right, but when I was about to make an offer, someone else had ordered.
I remembered a saying, “When one door closes, a better one opens.” I wouldn’t just sit staring at the closed one but got up and struggled on. In a real estate (房地产) agent, I found a small house with proper price. To buy it, I had to borrow $ 3,000 for a down payment and get a mortgage (按揭). Common sense argued that a mortgage for a single mother working part-time was impossible. But I had enough self-confidence without following common sense.
After getting the house my new self-confidence grew. Later , when I began filling small parts in television productions, that self-confidence showed. I'd always played the role as the director wanted. Now I find myself freer to interpret (演绎) it.
Self-confidence has made it through life. Trouble can be scary at first, but each time I take that step, I believe I will win the next.
24. How did the author feel when entering television industry at first
A. Hopeful. B. Embarrassed. C. Pessimistic. D. Aggressive.
25. Why does the author mention her experience of finding a house
A. To show the value of self-confidence. B. To share her different life experiences.
C. To introduce her toughest part of life. D. To tell us her ways to get over difficulty.
26. What mainly helped the author perform well in her later acting
A. Her sense of confidence. B. The difficulty in her life.
C. The director’s good direction. D. Her success in her first attempt.
27. What may be the best title for the text
A. Appear on the Stage B. Struggle with Life
C. Stick to Your Plan D. Believe in Yourself
C
One of China's biggest smartphone makers has never sold a phone in the country. Yet thousands of miles away, it dominates markets across Africa. Unknown in the West, Transsion has left global players like Samsung and Apple trailing in its wake in a continent that's home to more than a billion people.
In cities like Lagos, Nairobi and Addis Ababa, busy streets are filled with the bright blue shops of Transsion's brand. In China, the company doesn't have a single store, and its headquarter in the southern city of Shenzhen goes largely unnoticed among the names of more famous Chinese tech firms.
The company took a different path to success from other top Chinese smartphone makers such as Huawei and Xiaomi, which started out in China before eventually expanding overseas. Transsion built its business in Africa. And it has no plans to come home.
In Edna Mall in Addis Ababa, the capital of Ethiopia, Mesert Baru poses for her Tecno Camon i. "This phone is seriously nice for selfies," says the 35-year-old shop assistant, admiring the picture she just took.
Mesert's satisfaction is no accident. The vice president of Transsion explained, "Our cameras adjust more light for darker skin, so the photograph is more beautiful, he says. "That's one of the reasons why we've become successful."
Transsion's founder George Zhu had spent nearly a decade traveling to Africa as a head of sales for another mobile phone company when he realized that selling Africans handsets, which were made for developed countries, was the wrong approach.
In 2006, Zhu launched Tecno in Nigeria, which has the most population in Africa . From the start, the company's motto was “think global, act local”, which meant making phones that met Africans, special needs.
Transsion opened research and development centers in China, Nigeria and Kenya to work out how to better appeal to African users. Local languages such as Amharic, Hausa and Swahili were added to keyboards and phones were given a longer battery life.
In Nigeria, South Africa and Ethiopia, for example, the government frequently shuts off electricity to conserve power, leaving people unable to charge their phones for hours. In less developed markets, such as the Democratic Republic of Congo, Chowdhury says, consumers might have to walk 30 kilometers to charge their phones at the local market and have to pay to do so. "For those consumers, longer battery life is a blessing," he adds.
28. In which country do Transsion phones sell best
A. China. B. Africa. C. Korea. D. America.
29. From the whole passage, we can infer that.
A. the headquarter of Transsion is in Africa
B. Africans like taking pictures with their cameras
C. Nigeria has the most population in the world
D. Satisfying the needs of Africans made Transsion popular
30. Which word can replace the underlined word “handsets”？
A. watches. B. keyboards. C. cameras. D. mobile phones.
31. What quality of mobile phones attracts African users most
A. Longer battery. B. Lower prices. C. More functions. D. Easier operation
D
Apple and Google have teamed up to launch a mobile phone tool to follow the contacts of people infected with coronavirus （冠状病毒）. The technology is a form of contact tracing, a method used to identify people who may have had contact with infected individuals in an attempt to prevent additional spread of disease. If a device user becomes infected with the virus and agrees to share that information, the record could be used to inform other people that the user could have infected.
Major technology companies-including Google and Facebook—have been denounced in recent years for not protecting user privacy. In some cases, companies have been accused of secretly selling user data. In the past, Apple chief Tim Cook has criticized Facebook and Google for putting profits ahead of user privacy.
However, now numerous technology companies and organizations have been seeking to develop tools to help fight COVID-19. Health and government officials have called for such technology to help fight the current crisis.
In announcing the new system, Apple and Google said its developers had built in "strong protections around user privacy. " The companies said the technology would not identify personal information or record user movements. It is designed to only catch data about when users' phones have been near each other. Data will not be kept on company servers, Apple and Google added. The two companies also said they would "openly publish information" about their work for others to examine.
Pam Dixon is director of the not-for-profit World Privacy Forum. She told The Associated Press that after discussing the new system with a top Apple official, she is convinced that people's privacy will be protected.
“I think they've taken care of some of the really big problems," she said. Dixon notes that the companies are able to turn off the system when it is no longer needed. The government is not going to have identity information of those testing positive.
32. What can the mentioned mobile phone tool do
A. Reveal user privacy of those infected. B. Help control the spread of the virus.
C. Force users to share personal information. D. Remind users to build up their bodies.
33. Which of the following can replace the underlined word “denounced" in paragraph 2
A. criticized B. demanded C. reported D. advertised
34. What do the officials think of the technology
A. It is barely necessary. B. It doesn't have wide application.
C. It has good value. D. It is hardly acceptable.
35. What may be the suitable title for the text
A. Ways to protect user privacy
B. Reasons for privacy protection
C. The role technology plays in daily life
D. Mobile phones' new tool against coronavirus spread
答案：
陕西省安康市汉阴中学2021-2022学年高二上学期期末联考英语试题（解析版）
【答案】1. C 2. B 3. D
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇应用文。文章主要介绍了四本250页以下的书。
【1题详解】
推理判断题。根据“Intimations by Zadie Smith”部分关键句“There are few writers who could excite us with the concept of an essay collection focusing on the experience of living in the disease lockdown, but an exception must always be made for Smith.(很少有作家能用关注的是生活在疾病封锁中的经历的散文集的概念让我们兴奋，但史密斯必须永远例外)”可知，“Intimations”这本书关注的是生活在疾病封锁中的经历，很少有作家的散文集涉及这一话题。由此可推断出，“Intimations” 与其他三本书的不同之处在于它与疾病封锁有关。故选C项。
【2题详解】
细节理解题。根据“Assembly by Natasha Brown”部分关键句“In just the 100-page fiction Brown manages to cover more fertile ground than many of the celebrated books six times its size.(仅在这本100页的小说中，布朗就成功地覆盖了比许多著名书籍大六倍的丰富的内容)”可知，“Assembly”这本书只有100页，是短篇小说；根据“We Live in Water by Jess Walter”部分关键句“It is the first collection of short fiction from the bestselling author.(这是这位畅销书作家的第一部短篇小说集)”可知，“We Live in Water”是一部短篇小说集。由此可知，“Assembly”和“We Live in Water”是短篇小说。故选B项。
【3题详解】
细节理解题。根据“The Poetry Pharmacy by William Sieghart”部分关键句“Sometimes, only poetry will do. Offering a cure for any spiritual pain, these poetic wise words of advice offer comfort, delight and inspiration for all.(有时候，只有诗歌才行。这些富有诗意的明智建议可以治愈精神上的痛苦，给所有人带来安慰、快乐和灵感)”可知，“The Poetry Pharmacy”这本书中富有诗意的明智建议可以治愈精神上的痛苦，这本书是“William Sieghart”的作品。由此可知，William Sieghart想通过诗歌治愈人们。故选D项。
【答案】4. B 5. A 6. A 7. D
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇新闻报道，主要讲的是James Owen没有向年龄屈服，而是努力锻炼的故事。
【4题详解】
细节理解题。根据第一段的“He was about 25 pounds overweight and had trouble with his back, knees and shoulders.（他大约超重25磅，背部、膝盖和肩膀都有问题。）”可知，我们能从视频中了解到欧文的身体状况很差。故选B。
【5题详解】
主旨大意题。根据第二段的“Owen began walking though he was out of breath after five minutes. But that didn’t discourage him. He kept at the walks every day, along with some stretching. Once he had those basics down, he started lifting weights and hired a personal trainer to teach him and design a routine he could follow on his own.（五分钟后，欧文上气不接下气地开始走了起来。但这并没有让他气馁。他每天坚持散步，并做一些伸展运动。一旦他掌握了这些基础知识，他就开始举重，并聘请了一名私人教练来教他，并设计了一套他可以自己练习的举重动作。）”可知，第二段主要告诉我们欧文的的运动行为，故选A。
【6题详解】
推理判断题。根据倒数第二段的““Aging is only about 25% genes, and the rest is lifestyle,” he says. “As long as you’re still mobile, it’s never too late to become more healthy.”（他说:“基因的作用只占衰老的25%，其余的是生活方式的作用。”“只要你还在移动，变得更健康永远都不晚。”）”可推断出，欧文同意健康的生活方式可以延缓衰老。故选A。
【7题详解】
推理判断题。根据第二段的“Later, instead of giving in to age, Owen decided to set an ambitious five-year goal.（后来，欧文没有向年龄屈服，而是决定设定一个雄心勃勃的五年目标。）”及最后一段的“Owen used his experience to write a book called Just Move! A New Approach to Fitness after 50, in which he details how older adults can safely get off the couch and add more movement to their lives.（欧文用他的经历写了一本书，名为《Just Move!》《50岁后的健身新方法》(A New Approach to Fitness after 50)一书中，他详细介绍了老年人如何安全地从沙发上爬起来，为他们的生活增加更多的运动。）”可知，本文主要讲的是70岁高龄的James Owen没有向年龄屈服，而是努力锻炼的故事，因此可以从文中得出“活到老，锻炼到老”，即It is never too old to exercise，故选D。
【答案】8. D 9. B 10. B 11. C
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇新闻报道。主要说明了鹿特丹的博伊曼斯·范·伯宁根画廊是世界上第一个展出全部藏品的画廊，文章介绍了该博物馆的一些情况以及博物馆进行这一举措的原因。
【8题详解】
细节理解题。根据第一段“Normally museums exhibit only a small part of their collections, but the Boijmans Van Beuningen gallery in Rotterdam is the first in the world to display the whole lot.(通常博物馆只展出一小部分藏品，但鹿特丹的博伊曼斯·范·伯宁根画廊是世界上第一个展出全部藏品的画廊)”可知，博伊曼斯·范·伯宁根画廊是世界上第一个展出所有收藏品的博物馆，所以很特别。故选D。
【9题详解】
细节理解题。根据第三段中“You see things by accident, and you feel that you are discovering things.(你偶然看到一些东西，你觉得你正在发现一些东西)”可知，参观者可以亲自发现藏品。故选B。
【10题详解】
词句猜测题。根据画线词上文“If you do not show the works, people will stop talking about and thinking about an artwork.”以及后文“out of sight”可知，如果你不展示作品，人们就会停止谈论和思考艺术品，结果就是，它很可能会因为被人看不见而遗忘，故画线词意思是“遗忘”。A. Honor.荣誉；B. Forgetfulness.遗忘；C. Memory.记忆；D. Preservation.保护。故选B。
【11题详解】
主旨大意题。根据第一段“Normally museums exhibit only a small part of their collections, but the Boijmans Van Beuningen gallery in Rotterdam is the first in the world to display the whole lot.(通常博物馆只展出一小部分藏品，但鹿特丹的博伊曼斯·范·伯宁根画廊是世界上第一个展出全部藏品的画廊)”结合文章主要说明了鹿特丹的博伊曼斯·范·伯宁根画廊是世界上第一个展出全部藏品的画廊，文章介绍了该博物馆的一些情况以及博物馆进行这一举措的原因。可知，C选项“一个首先在全球开放它的全部艺术收藏的博物馆”最符合文章标题。故选C。
【答案】12. D 13. C 14. A 15. A
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇新闻报道，主要讲的是在犹他州一个古老的壁炉中发现的四颗烟草种子表明，早期美国人可能在12300年前就使用过这种植物。这一发现使人们第一次知道烟草的使用比之前认为的早了约9000年。
【12题详解】
细节理解题。根据第一段的“The finding makes the first known use of tobacco some 9,000 years earlier than previously thought.（这一发现使人们第一次知道烟草的使用比之前认为的早了约9000年。）”可知，第一段的研究结果表明美国人吸烟的历史比我们想象的要长。故选D。
【13题详解】
细节理解题。根据第二段的“Scientists discovered the millimetre-wide seeds at the Wishbone site, an ancient camp in the desert in what is now northern Utah.（科学家们在Wishbone遗址发现了这些毫米宽的种子，Wishbone遗址是现在犹他州北部沙漠中的一个古老营地。）”可知，科学家们在古营地发现了小烟草种子。故选C。
【14题详解】
细节理解题。根据第四段的“Tobacco was widely cultivated and spread around the world following the arrival of Europeans in the Americas at the end of the 15th century.（随着15世纪末欧洲人到达美洲，烟草被广泛种植并传播到世界各地。）”可知，我们能从第4段中了解欧洲人促成了烟草的传播。故选A。
【15题详解】
推理判断题。根据最后一段“The tobacco seeds were the big surprise. They are incredibly small and rare to be preserved（烟草种子是一大惊喜。它们的体积小得令人难以置信，保存下来的数量也非常稀少。）”可知，达隆·杜克觉得烟草种子的发现是令人惊讶的，即Amazing，故选A。
陕西省白河高级中学2021-2022学年高二上学期期末考试（实验班）英语试卷（解析版）
【答案】21. A 22. D 23. C
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇应用文。文章介绍了几款最新的科技产品——智能设备。
【21题详解】
细节理解题。根据第一段中“And smart cameras are getting smarter all the time. Some are now built with machine learning tools to help them think for themselves. (智能相机一直在变得越来越智能。一些相机现在会使用机器学习工具来帮助它们自己思考。)”可知，机器学习工具可以帮助相机变得更智能。故选A项。
【22题详解】
细节理解题。根据Google Clips下列第二段中“The small and light device is designed to be put somewhere in a room to take pictures by itself. (这个小而轻的设备被设计成可以放在房间里的某个地方自己拍照。)”可知，你可以用Google Clips自动拍照。故选D项。
【23题详解】
细节理解题。根据Snap Spectacles下列第二段“Snap Inc. has started selling its Spectacles sunglasses online in the United States.( Snap Inc.已经开始在美国网上销售其Spectacles太阳镜。)”可知，Spectacles太阳镜现在可以在网上买到。故选C项。
【答案】24. D 25. C 26. D 27. C
【解析】
【分析】本文属于新闻，主要讲述由于孩子摄入卡路里过多，因此专门成立了一个组织，发起了一项运动，并且开发出一个软件帮助父母更好控制孩子卡路里的摄入。
【24题详解】
细节理解题。根据第二段PHE has launched a campaign, Change4Life, to encourage parents to look for healthier snacks of no more than 100 calories, and to limit them to two a day.可知，该运动鼓励父母为孩子提供零食最多一天两次，不超过100卡路里，故选D。
【25题详解】
细节理解题。根据第三段PHE said it had also improved its app so that it could mark the content of sugar, salt and fat in food and drinks. Dr Alison Tedstone told the BBC she hoped the campaign would help parents to choose healthier snacks for their children.可知，该软件可以帮助父母获知食物和饮料中的成分及含量，故选C。
【26题详解】
推理判断题。根据最后一段The rule of thumb from Change4Life can help parents make their decision correctly and wisely.可知，该运动的首要原则就是帮助父母在为孩子选择零食方面提供更好的建议，故选D。
【27题详解】
主旨大意题。本文主要讲述由于孩子摄入卡路里过多，因此专门成立了一个组织，发起了一项运动，并且开发出一个软件帮助父母更好控制孩子卡路里的摄入，故选C。
【答案】28. D 29. C 30. A 31. B
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇夹叙夹议文。作者通过自己的故事，谈论了孩子有必要经历失败，做父母的不要从失败中拯救自己的孩子。
【28题详解】
细节理解题。根据第一段中“I still remember the day in high school that my mom forgot to pick me up from school. I’m the oldest of four children, and no doubt she’d had a long day with the other kids and it’d slipped her mind. After waiting at school for an hour, I walked the three miles home, and when I got to my house, I shut our front door with anger, stormed into the kitchen and screamed in my mom’s face that she’d forgotten me.(我仍然记得高中的那天，我妈妈忘了去学校接我。我是家里四个孩子中的老大，毫无疑问，她和其他孩子们度过了漫长的一天，然后把这件事给忘了。在学校等了一个小时后，我走了三英里的路回家。到家后，我怒气冲冲地关上前门，冲进厨房，当着妈妈的面尖叫说她把我忘了。)”可知，因为妈妈没有接她回家，所以作者对妈妈大喊大叫。故选D项。
【29题详解】
推理判断题。根据倒数第二段“My mom didn’t rescue me from failure. She let me suffer from it. She let me figure it out. She let me learn. Now, as a mom myself, I’ve realized that I want my kids to experience failure because failure is how we grow, learn and think outside of ourselves. It’s how we self-educate to learn what’s right and respectable, and what’s not. It’s how we become responsible and enthusiastic.(我妈妈没有把我从失败中拯救出来。她让我遭受痛苦。她让我自己想办法。她让我学习。现在，作为一个母亲，我意识到我希望我的孩子经历失败，因为失败是我们成长、学习和思考的方式。这是我们自我教育的方式，让我们知道什么是对的，什么是不值得尊敬的。这让我们变得有责任感和热情。”以及最后一段“Falling down makes us better, because we learn how to get up. (跌倒让我们变得更好，因为我们学会了如何爬起来。)”可以推知，作者现在觉得她的经历很有益。故选C项。
【30题详解】
词句猜测题。划线词句前文“ I figured my mom would still take me, but when the morning came, she refused. It was midterm, and as a straight-A student ready to start college applications, being late wasn’t an option. In my mind, missing these tests would have been the end of my academic career. (我想我妈妈还是会送我去的，但第二天早上，她拒绝了。那是期中考试，作为一名准备开始申请大学的优秀学生，迟到是不可能的。在我看来，错过这些考试将是我学术生涯的终结。)”及后文“And I missed my tests. (我错过了考试)”说明作者非常希望妈妈送她去学校，但是，妈妈拒绝了她。从而推知划线词句“But she held her ground, and that day, I walked to school. (但她held her ground，那天，我步行去学校。)”其中划线短语应为“坚持她自己的想法”的意思，选项A“坚持她的决定”与之意义最为接近。故选A项。
【31题详解】
主旨大意题。通读全文，尤其根据倒数第二段中“Now, as a mom myself, I’ve realized that I want my kids to experience failure because failure is how we grow, learn and think outside of ourselves. It’s how we self-educate to learn what’s right and respectable, and what’s not. It’s how we become responsible and enthusiastic.(现在，作为一个母亲，我意识到我希望我的孩子经历失败，因为失败是我们成长、学习和思考的方式。这是我们自我教育的方式，让我们知道什么是对的，什么是不值得尊敬的。这让我们变得有责任感和热情。”以及最后一段“Falling down makes us better, because we learn how to get up. (跌倒让我们变得更好，因为我们学会了如何爬起来。)”可知，作者通过自己的故事，讲述了孩子有必要经历失败，做父母的不要从失败中拯救自己的孩子。选项B“不要从失败中拯救你的孩子”符合文章主题，适合做标题。故选B项。
【答案】32. B 33. A 34. B 35. D
【解析】
【分析】这是一篇说明文。一项研究表明，孩子在头几年的经历很重要。这些经历会影响大脑的发育。当孩子受到更多的关注时，他们的智商往往会更高。婴儿在看到、听到和感觉到事物时接收信息，这使得大脑的不同部分之间产生了联系。
【32题详解】
细节理解题。根据第一段 Babies receive information when they see， hear and feel things， which makes connections between different parts of the brain．可知当他们看到，听到和感觉到事情时婴会儿接收信息，这使得大脑的不同部分之间连接，故选B。
【33题详解】
细节理解题。根据第二段倒数第二句This shows that babies can tell the difference between different patterns．可知Judit Gervain和她的团队在实验中发现婴儿能够分辨不同的模式。故选A。
【34题详解】
推理判断题。根据前面the order of sounds is the building block of words and grammar可知声音的顺序是单词和语法的组成部分，即不同声音的位置不同，意思也会不同，故选B。
【35题详解】
推理判断题。根据最后一段 They expected the first group who'd watched videos in Chinese to show the same kind of learning as the second group who were brought face-to-face with the same sounds． Instead they found a huge difference． The babies in the second group were able to distinguish between similar Chinese sounds as well as native listeners． But the other babies - regardless of whether they had watched the video or listened to the audio - learned nothing．他们希望第一组看了中文视频的人与第二组面对面听同样声音的人学习的方式是一样的。然而结果相反，第二组婴儿能够分辨出相似的中文发音。但是其他的婴儿--不管他们是看了视频还是听了音频--什么也没学到，可知面对面社会交际提高婴儿的大脑发育。故选D。
陕西省西安中学2021-2022学年高二上学期期末考试英语试题（解析版）
【答案】11. A 12. D 13. B
【解析】
【分析】这是一篇应用文。文章主要介绍了哈佛大学的一些网上课程。
【11题详解】
细节理解题。根据“CS50's Introduction to Computer Science”部分“Length: 14 weeks Effort: 6 hours per week”(时长：14周 工作时间：每周6小时)可知，“CS50's Introduction to Computer Science”总共需要84小时的学习时间，根据“Masterpieces of World Literature”部分“Length: 12 weeks Effort: 8 hours per week”(时长：12周 工作时间：每周8小时)可知，“Masterpieces of World Literature”总共需要96小时的学习时间，根据“The Health Effects of Climate Change”部分“Length: 9 weeks Effort: 10 hours per week”(工作时间：9周 工作时间：每周10小时)可知，“The Health Effects of Climate Change”总共需要90个小时的学习时间，根据“Global China: From the Mongols to the Ming”部分“Length: 15 weeks Effort: 6 hours per week”(时长：15周 工作时间：每周6小时)可知，“Global China: From the Mongols to the Ming”总共需要90个小时的学习时间。所以“Masterpieces of World Literature”需要最多的学习时间。故选A。
【12题详解】
推理判断题。根据“Global China: From the Mongols to the Ming”部分最后两句“How the Mongols created the greatest empire in human history.”(蒙古人如何创造了人类历史上最伟大的帝国。)和“How the Ming Dynasty established a new global economy.”(明朝如何建立新的全球经济。)可知，这门课是关于历史的，再根据“Add a Verified Certificate for￥643”(已验证证书需添加￥643)可知，学生应该付￥643获取有关历史的已验证证书。故选D。
【13题详解】
细节理解题。根据“The Health Effects of Climate Change”部分的“Instructors: Ashish Jha”(讲师：Ashish Jha)可知，Ashish Jha教授的是“气候变化对健康的影响”这门课，所以从Ashish Jha教授那里可以学到气候变化如何影响人类。故选B。
【答案】14. A 15. B 16. C
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇新闻报道。讲述了因飓风而被困的面包店员工，自愿为受困人员免费制作面包。
【14题详解】
细节理解题。根据第二段最后一句“While they were waiting for the eventual rescue that came on Monday morning, four decided to make as many loaves of bread as possible for their community(当他们在等待周一早上的最终救援时，四个人决定为他们的社区做尽可能多的面包)”可知，飓风哈维造成洪水后，面包房的工作人员自愿为他们的社区制作面包。故选A。
【15题详解】
推理判断题。根据第三段的“They took advanta