陕西省部分学校2021-2022学年高三上学期期末考试英语试题汇编：阅读理解（含答案）

陕西省部分学校
2021-2022学年高三上学期期末考试英语试题分类汇编
阅读理解
陕西省西安博爱国际学校2021-2022学年高三上学期期末考试英语试题
第一节 （共15 小题;每小题2分, 满分30分）
阅读下列短文, 从每题所给的 A、B、C和 D四个选项中, 选出最佳选项。
A
New England Fall Leaf Rail Travels
Fall colors and fantastic destinations throughout the East Coast and beyond come to life on fall leaf train tours. New England Fall Leaf Rail Travels through a backdrop of gold, rust and dark red are the best way to experience nature's greatest event as scenic trains take travelers to some of the United States' leading destinations for leaves. Admire the changing colors as you travel aboard heritage and Amtrak train lines and enjoy an up-close look at the scenery with coach tours and beautiful passenger liners. Select from a variety of fall leaf trips that highlight colorful destinations through sightseeing tours and attractive trips. Dip yourself in the fall beauty of the Midwest in places like Northern Michigan, where guests enjoy the sights of Mackinac Island and Sleeping Bear Dunes, and Door County, famous for its spectacular Lake Michigan scenery and the endless wide countryside.
Travelers can go to the striking Smoky Mountains, stopping in beloved cities in both Tennessee and North Carolina. There are also packages that highlight New England in the fall, and these journeys include well-known regional destinations, The rail travels include guided tours in cities like Boston or scenic bus tours along byways. Some of the nation's most picturesque heritage railways are also found in New England, for example, the Conway Scenic Railway in New Hampshire, which travels through the colorful peaks of the White Mountains.
Charge:
Single price: $1, 400 per person for 6 days
Group (more than one person) price: $1, 200 per person for 6 days Accommodation and airline tickets are included.
21. Which of the following are the highlights of the rail travels
A. The latest trains. B. Colourful leaves.
C. The oldest villages. D. Traditional cultures.
22. What do New England Fall Leaf Rail Travels offer
A. Tour guides in Boston. B. Free pictures of New England.
C. A walk in the White Mountains. D. A hands-on climb to the top of the mountain.
23. How much should you pay in total if you and your friend take the 6-day tour
C. $2, 400. B. $1, 400.
A. $1, 200. D. $2, 800.
B
A very dear friend has been experiencing numerous challenges these past few months. She mentioned how it sometimes felt like she was hanging on by a thread with no quick fix in sight.
It reminded me that the monarch caterpillar（毛虫）that I cared for just changed into a butterfly that morning. After eating on milkweed leaves from our garden, the hungry caterpil-lar found a comfortable spot at the top of the net butterfly enclosure and spun a silken thread to attach itself there. The caterpillar hung upside-down in aJ shape for a day or so. Then, in less than a few hours of struggling, the caterpillar was a beautiful green butterfly!
All the research I've done indicates that the change into a butterfly should take between 10-12 days. I can only imagine what is going on there, but I'm sure it's a huge struggle and reforming. Haven't we all been doing the same to some degree lately These especially chal-lenging times are presenting us with the unavoidable experiences needed for our inner selves to use as food for growth. Not easy You bet! Worth it Yes!
Many thanks to our local library for the loan of the butterfly enclosure. They raised and released painted butterflies as part of their children's summer reading program this year. I had no idea that planting a few milkweed plants would lead to such a fascinating study of caterpillars and butterflies. The caterpillar has kept me mindfully occupied and fascinated during our recent COVD-19 self-isolation,
Hanging on by a thread as we transform, keep in mind the beautiful wings we are growing. We are all somewhere in the midst of that unbelievable process. Trust the process. Have faith. Know that you are becoming the most beautiful person that you can be
24. What did the author's friend and the caterpillar have in common
A. They lived comfortably. B. They suffered from hunger.
C. They experienced a hard situation. D. They were well cared by the author.
25. What does the author say about the struggle concerning us in paragraph 3
A. It is avoidable. B. It is necessary. C. It is dangerous. D. It is meaningless.
26. What does the author mainly want to encourage us to do in the last paragraph
A. Help friends in need timely.
B. Learn from other creatures sincerely.
C. Join in children's experimental projects.
D. Face the hardships of life optimistically.
27. What is the best title for the text
A. Life Is Hanging on by a Thread B. Avoid Challenging Experiences
C. Reinvent Yourself as a Butterfly D. We Are Fascinated by Butterflies
C
A new study has found that elephant seals have to work very hard to stay corpulent. Scientists paid special attention to females of the species during difficult two-month trips, or migrations, in the northeastern Pacific Ocean.
The seals were found to spend up to 20 hours every day and sometimes full 24 hours in continuous deep-diving to feed on fish. They fed 1, 000 to 2, 000 times daily to gain the body weight necessary for reproduction and warmth in the cold waters. Researchers studied 48 female elephant seals from Ano Nuevo State Park in California as they traveled large ocean distances. Their entire trip was around 6, 000 kilometers.
Scientists based their findings on data collected in 2011 and 2018. They used three small removable devices, The first device, attached under the law, counted the number of times the seals fed and measured their depth. The second satellite-linked device on the head, followed the seals' ocean movements and sensed their food. The third device was a"smart" video cam-era with an infra-red LED light and another depth sensor. It was also placed on their heads.
Elephant seals get their name from the large noses. These noses look like an elephant's trunk. There are two species—the northern elephant seal and the slightly larger southern elephant seal. The two are the world's biggest seals and the largest ocean mammals other than whales.
The northern male elephant seals can grow up to 4 meters long and weigh up to 2, 000 kilograms. The northern females are smaller, getting up to about 3 meters in length and 590 kilograms. The males feed only in coastal waters.
Some large ocean mammals depend on deep dives to get enough food to support their large bodies. Sperm whales（抹香鲸）, for example, hunt for large prey like giant squid. Female elephant seals, which are large, but not as big as sperm whales, have a different solution. They eat huge amounts of small fish. But it is hard for them to catch enough small fish to meet the energy needs of their large bodies.
28. What does the underlined word "corpulent" in paragraph 1 mean
A. Fat. B. Distant. C. Deep. D. Cautious.
29. What is the common feature of the three devices in paragraph 3
A. They sensed the seals' food. B. They were linked to the satellite.
C. They followed the seals' movements. D. They were attached to the seals' body.
30. Where does elephant seals' name come from
A. Their appearance. B. Their behavior. C. Their weight. D. Their length.
31. What does the author mainly try to do in the last paragraph
A. Introduce the similarities of mammals.
B. Show the size of male and female elephant seals.
C. Advocate the conservation of sperm whales' ocean food.
D. Compare sperm whales' hunts and female elephant seals' hunts.
C
Parents, teachers and caregivers have long believed in the magic of storytelling to calm and comfort kids. Researchers working in pediatric（儿科）have now quantified the physiological and emotional benefits of a well-told tale.
"We know that narrative has the power to transport us to another world, "says Brockington, who studies emotions and learning at Brazil's Federal University. He adds, "Earlier re search suggested that stories help children process and regulate their emotions—but this was mostly conducted in a lab, with subjects answering questions while lying inside functional MRI machines. There's little research on physiological and psychological effects of storytelling in a more commonplace hospital setting. "
So the investigators working in several Brazilian hospitals split a total of 81 patients aged 4 to ll into two groups, matching them with storytellers who had a decade of hospital experience. In one group, the storyteller led each child in playing a riddle game. In the other, youngsters chose books and listened as the storyteller read them aloud. Before and after these sessions, the researchers took saliva（唾液）samples from each child, then asked them to re-port their pain levels and conducted a free-association word quiz and analyzed samples.
Children in both groups benefited measurably from the interactions. Those who heard stories also reported pain levels dropping almost twice as much as those in the riddle group, and they used more positive and light words to describe their hospital stay. The study demonstrates that playing games or simply interacting with someone can relax kids and improve their outlook—but that hearing stories has an especially dramatic effect. "The researchers really tried to control the social interaction component of the storyteller, which I think was key, "says Mar, a psychologist at York University.
32. What does Brockington say about stories
A. The effects of them are easy to show in labs.
B. They have a positive effect on kids' emotions.
C. They cause children to become more emotional.
D. The studies of them are often conducted in hospitals.
33. How did the investigators carry out the research
A. By visiting and talking.
B. By making assumptions.
C. By grouping and comparing.
D. By analyzing samples from earlier research.
34. What does the last paragraph mainly tell us about the research
A. Its finding. B. Its purpose. C. Its approach. D. Its reason.
35. What is the main idea of the text
A. Narrative skills play a role in storytelling.
B. Listening to a story does benefit kids' health.
C. Storytelling is popular with kids and their parents.
D. Stories help kids communicate better with their parents.
陕西省三原县南郊中学2021-2022学年高三上学期期末考试英语试题
第一节 （共 15 小题；每小题 2 分，满分 30 分）
阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的四个选项（A、B、C 和D）中选出最佳选项。
A
When someone mentions the Philippines, one can't help but think of beautiful beaches, but the Philippines is not just about beaches. With over 7,000 islands, there's a perfect tourist spot in the Philippines that will satisfy every traveler's wanderlust.
Ifugao
One of the most famous Philippine attractions is Ifugao Province, where you'll find the UNESCO World Heritage Site Banaue Rice Terraces. There are many places in Ifugao that will teach you the unique way of life and culture.
How to get there: From Manila, ride a bus bound for Banaue, a tough exhausting trip of around 9 hours.
Siargao
What makes Siargao an ideal travel destination is that it has remained remote, and still relatively under the radar, making it even more appealing to travelers who are longing for natural beauty and a slower pace. This tourist spot in Mindanao will surely captivate your heart.
How to get there: From Manila, you can book a flight or board a ferry bound for Siargao easily.
Palawan
Topping our list of the most beautiful tourist spots in the Philippines is none other than Palawan. With its undeniable beauty, Palawan has already become a regular on the list of the world’s best islands of international travel magazines. Of course, this doesn’t come as a surprise. Besides the clear blue-green waters of lakes, colorful reefs and pure white beaches, what more can you ask for
How to get there: From Manila, there are flights that travel directly to all parts of Palawan.
21. If you are tired of the fast pace of urban life, can be a good choice.
A. Palawan B. Siargao C. Manila D. Ifugao
22. Among the attractions mentioned, Ifugao may have a disadvantage of .
A. service B. scenery C. transportation D. food
23. Where can the text probably be found
A. In a scientific research. B. In a book review.
C. In a biography. D. In a travel magazine.
B
Sir Arthur Conan Doyle is a name that every lover of English literature will always remember and cherish. He is the pen father of the extraordinary detective Sherlock Holmes and a number of detective stories.
Arthur chose to go to medical field and become a surgeon from the University of Edinburgh, and this is the place where Arthur met a person who influenced him to become a writer. It was one of his teachers Dr. Joseph Bell who was master at observation, logic, detection and diagnosis. All these qualities were later found in the character of the celebrated detective Sherlock Holmes.
1888 was a significant year that rocketed Doyle to fame with his novel which was named as ‘A Study in Scarlet’ in which he introduced his two immortal characters—Sherlock Holmes and Dr. Watson. The story ‘The Sign of Four’ was instrumental in establishing Sherlock Holmes and Arthur Conan Doyle in literature.
The writer tried to open a practice in Paris but not a single patient came to him, which proved to be a blessing in disguise. It gave him a lot of time to think. And it was here that he met an illustrator named Sydney Paget who created the image of Sherlock Holmes which captured the minds of the readers and made the detective famous all over.
Doyle’s next creation was the delightfully violent Professor Challenger. ‘The Lost World’ which involved Professor Challenger was an immediate success.
Finally, because of his wife’s illness, Doyle decided to devote his life to his previous work rather than writing. This was the time when he decided to end the stories of Sherlock Holmes, which he did in ‘The Final Problem’.
The great Arthur Conan Doyle died at the age of 71 in 1930. He has left a legacy (遗产) to last us a lifetime and is still alive through his books and stories.
24. What was Conan Doyle’s job in his early years
A. A writer. B. A doctor. C. A detective. D. A professor.
25. How did Dr. Joseph Bell influence Conan Doyle
A. By inspiring him to create Holmes.
B. By advising him to go to Paris.
C. By encouraging him to be a surgeon.
D. By teaching him the art of writing.
26. Which book made Conan Doyle a hit overnight
A. The Lost World. B. The Sign of Four.
C. A Study in Scarlet. D. The Final Problem.
27. Which of the following best explains “a blessing in disguise” underlined in Paragraph 4
A. Practice makes perfect. B. Facts speak louder than words.
C. Failure is the mother of success. D. Behind bad luck comes good luck.
C
It doesn’t matter how smart teens are or how well they scored on the SAT or ACT. Good judgment isn’t something they can do extremely well in, at least not yet.
The rational (理性的) part of a teen’s brain isn’t fully developed and won’t be until age 25 or so. In fact, recent research has found that adult and teen brains work differently. Adults think with the brain’s rational part. This is the part of the brain that responds to situations with good judgment and an awareness of long-term consequences.
Teens process information with the emotional part. In teens’ brains, the connections between the emotional part of the brain and the decision-making center are still under development—and not always at the same rate. That’s why when teens have overwhelming (压倒性的) emotional input, they can’t explain later what they were thinking. They weren’t thinking as much as they were feeling.
So, you need to understand what is happening. Discussing the consequences of their actions can help teens link impulsive (冲动的) thinking with facts. Teen brains need more sleep than adults, so try to guide your teens toward good sleep habits. It’s normal for teens to be down or out of sorts for a couple of days. But if you see a significant mood or behavioral change that lasts more than 2 weeks, it could mean something else is going on, such as depression. Depression is serious and, if left untreated, can be life-threatening.
Your teens need your guidance, even though they may think they don’t. Understanding their development can help you support them in becoming independent, responsible adults.
28. How do adults deal with information
A. React emotionally. B. Think rationally. C. Judge subjectively. D. Behave impulsively.
29. Why do teens fail to explain their thoughts when angry
A. Their decision- making ability is weak.
B. They pay less attention to their feelings.
C. They don’t know how to make judgment.
D. The rational parts of their brains are developing.
30. What can we learn from Paragraph 4
A. It is vital for parents to offer teens’ proper direction.
B. Impulsive actions benefit teens’ rational thinking.
C. It is necessary for teens to sleep as long as they want.
D. There’s no need to care about teens’ lasting mood changes.
31. What is the purpose of the text
A. To tell readers how to deal with depression.
B. To introduce the working principles of brains.
C. To explain the reasons for teens’ misbehaviors.
D. To advise the parents to give teens more instruction.
D
Have you ever imagined that your simple T-shirt could cool you down by up to 5℃ on these hot summer days Thanks to a recent discovery, the possibility is getting closer. While there are many alternatives that manage to keep the body warm, this amazing invention aims to offer real relief for
those who are eager to feel comfortable and fresh in the outdoors on extremely hot days.
Its inventors, engineers Ma Yaoguang of Zhejiang University and Tao Guangming of Huazhong University of Science and Technology in China, took a completely innovative approach. They designed a special textile that can absorb body heat and re-emit its energy into space as mid-infrared radiation (MIR). This textile cools both the objects and their surroundings through a technique that is known as radiative cooling. Science reveals. This means that even when it looks like you are wearing a regular shirt, you are actually wearing a device that works like a mirror.
Research conducted at Stanford University in 2017 had already managed to cool the wearer by 3℃, but this previous trial was limited. So researchers still need to test the new approach to determine how effectively the new fabric cools while the wearers are standing or walking, and not directly facing the sky, like in their trials. They also need to examine and measure how well it works when T-shirts are not in close contact with the skin.
Inventors Yaoguang and Guangming are now looking out for textile manufacturers and clothing brands that are interested in using their fabric. They estimate that the new material will increase clothing manufacturing costs by just 10 percent. “We can make it with mass production, which means everybody can get a T-shirt and the cost is basically the same as their old stuff,” Yaoguang said.
So if you are an athlete or simply someone that has to deal with the extremely high temperatures, be patient because your days of feeling hot and bothered may be coming to an end!
32. What is the purpose of the new invention
A. To warm up people’s body. B. To cool people off in hot weather.
C. To detect the wearers’ temperature. D. To protect clothes from becoming wet.
33. How does the special product work
A. By turning sunlight into energy. B. By sending out absorbed heat.
C. By keeping heat out completely. D. By using light colors to reflect sunlight.
34. What is the main idea of paragraph 3 A. The invention needs further testing.
B. The previous studies lack evidence.
C. The new fabric has a good cooling effect.
D. The new fabric applies to various situations.
35. Which of the following statements can best describe the invention of the T-shirt
A. barking up the wrong tree B. robbing Peter to pay Paul
C. achieve two things at one stroke D. putting the cart before the horse
陕西省咸阳市武功县普集高级中学2021-2022学年高三上学期期末考试英语试题
第一节 （共 15 小题；每小题 2 分，满分 30 分）
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的 A、B、C 和 D 四个选项中，选出最佳选项。
A
Maldives is a small archipelagic(群岛的)state in South Asia，situated in the Arabian Sea of the Indian Ocean. It is made up of 1192 islands and each island has different scenic views, marine(海洋的)life and much more. Here are some fun things you can do on the islands.
Visit The Glowing Beach
The Maldives Glowing Beach, situated at the Mudhdhoo Island, is mostly known for its glowing waves. This natural phenomenon occurs due to the presence of millions of phytoplankton(浮游植物)in the water. The best time to visit Glowing Beach is between June and October when the sea remains comparatively warmer due to the summer season.
Enjoy a dinner on the beach
Maldives offers various locations for a private, romantic candlelight dinner. You can enjoy an elegant private barbecue with your partner on a quiet, calm beach. Have some wine while admiring the stars with your partner and spend some quality time together.
Taste the Gulha
Gulha is the national dish of the Maldives, a speciality with smoked fish such as Maldive fish. The snacks are usually sold at small cafés known as hotels, or in shops throughout the island.
Experience water activities
A trip to the Maldives is incomplete without a thrilling ride on the jet ski to skim over the Indian Ocean. Step up on a surfboard and explore the surroundings while managing the balance and rowing through the waves. Flyboarding will take you 15m high in the air while you look over the blue ocean. Scuba Diving is one of the most popular activities to do in the Maldives as it lets you explore a wonderful undersea world.
21. When is the best time to visit the Glowing Beach
A. December. B. November. C. September. D. May.
22. Which of the following activities is strongly recommended for a couple
A. Taste the Gulha. B. Visit The Glowing Beach.
C. Experience water activities. D. Enjoy a dinner on the beach.
23. What’s the main purpose of the text
A. To protect sea life. B. To draw tourists.
C. To compare fun activities. D. To introduce an island.
B
Some of my earliest memories involve sitting with my dad in his study every night when he came home from the office. I'd watch as he put his personal items away：his watch, wallet, comb and car keys. Every night, he would smile, hand me the comb and say：" Help Daddy clean it, OK " I'd excitedly turn the tap on, then brush the comb with a used toothbrush as hard as I could. Then I’d proudly return the comb to Dad. He would smile at me, and place it on top of his wallet.
About two years later, Dad left his sales job and started his own business. I started primary school. That was when things started to change. Dad's business wasn't doing so well, and our stable life started getting shaky. He didn't come home as much as he used to. And when he did come home, it was always late and I'd already be in bed. I started to get mad. Why didn't he listen to Mum and just stick to his old job Over the years, I stopped waiting for him to come home.
Now 28, I've graduated from college and got a job. Dad's business has also started to get back on track. Yet the uncomfortable silence between Dad and me persisted.
Yesterday, Dad came home early. As usual, I helped him carry his bags into his study. When I turned to leave ,he said ：" Hey, would you like to help me clean my comb " I looked at him a while, then took the comb. After cleaning, I passed it back to Dad. He looked at it and smiled. But this time, I noticed something different. My dad has aged. He has wrinkles next to his eyes, yet his smile is still as heartwarming as before, the smile of a father who just wants a good life for his family. Dad carefully placed his comb on top of his wallet. After so many years,I guess some things never change. And for that, I'm glad.
24. What was the author asked to do by the father when young
A. Brushing his comb. B. Cleaning his toothbrush.
C. Chatting with him in his study. D. Greeting him at the door.
25. Why did the father set up his own business
A. He was laid off by his former company.
B. He desired to struggle for a big fortunate.
C. He wanted to fulfill a good life for his family.
D. He followed his wife's advice and tried new.
26. What accounted for the uncomfortable silence between the author and the father
A. The father's new business wasn't going so smoothly.
B. The father came home rarely or very late.
C. The tough primary school and little time with the dad.
D. The misunderstanding of the author and less communication between them.
27. Which words can best describe the author's father
A. Generous and humorous. B. Modest and conventional.
C. Struggling and devoted. D. Ambitious and strict.
C
Over the years, electronic commerce or e-commerce has grown rapidly. The rise of e-commerce large enterprises such as Amazon and Alibaba in the mid-90s changed the face of the retail（零售）industry.
E-commerce may be thought of as an open, global marketplace or a digital version of mail-order catalogue（目录）. Nearly every imaginable product and service is available through e-commerce dealings these days.
Many young entrepreneurs have dived into the e-commerce world, ambitious and hoping to succeed. Some, like Mitchell Zvagelskiy. Zvagelskiy is the co-founder of Scale Online, a fast-growing startup in California and runs several e-commerce stores. Zvagelskiy and his business partner began opening online stores and building a team to grow them, allowing the stores to earn as much as $100.000＋ in monthly revenue. Zvagelskiy owes his success to teamwork and his willingness to seize opportunity.
“Being able to do this all by the age of 20 is something I didn’t expect and would not be able to do if I constantly listened to other people and just went the typical college then job route,” he said. “Life can change fast if you change fast.”
Thanks to the rapid success of his YouTube channel, Mitchell has been able to not only make great profit from his companies, but help others in starting and growing their own e-commerce stores too. “My meaning of success arises from my relationships with other people,” he said. “By focusing on building strong relationships with others, I’m able to partner up and work with like-minded individuals in finding market opportunities and solving whatever problems people are facing.”
28. What can we say about e-commerce
A. It has gained great popularity nowadays.
B. It changed the face of retail giants in the mid-90s.
C. It has taken the place of traditional local marketplaces.
D. It can deal with all the imaginable product and service.
29. What does the underlined word “this” in paragraph 3 refer to
A. Running some e-commerce stores.
B. Achieving success in e-commerce.
C. Building a team to grow business.
D. Seizing some important opportunities.
30. What can be inferred about Mitchell from the last paragraph
A. He focuses on personal profits.
B. He attaches importance to teamwork.
C. He owes his success to opportunity.
D. He has capacity of solving any problem individually.
31. Which of the following can be the best title for the text
A. E-commerce, a new global marketplace
B. E-commerce, a driving force for retail industry
C. Mitchell Zvagelskiy, a successful model for all
D. Mitchell Zvagelskiy, the e-commerce’s rising star
D
Talking about the best places to gather solar energy, the most common answer is the deserts. But in fact, the extreme heat can reduce solar panels’ potential. It’s like your computer. If it overheats, it slows down. So we have to keep a balance between having a lot of panels in the desert and getting the highest efficiency of them.
Oregon State University ecological engineer Chad Higgins and his team are interested in where panels should be located to get the most energy production. In addition to temperatures and sunlight, they found that conditions for the most efficiency include low relative humidity(湿度) and gentle winds that improve transfer of heat from the panels. By analyzing satellite data for these four factors, they created a map of potential solar panel productivity for different land types around the globe. Agricultural croplands come first.
If you think about it for a minute, it makes sense. What is agriculture It is taking the sun’s rays and turning it into a form of energy that we consume. So there’s this sweet spot where you get the maximum productivity.
Other factors also favor cropland solar. Agricultural lands tend to be closer to population centers where there is a market for electricity, rather than way off in the desert. Agricultural lands tend to be flat. They tend to be already disturbed. So you don’t have as many ecological conservation worries.
Higgins thinks that agriculture and solar can benefit each other providing a way to a more sustainable energy future. He estimates that putting panels on just one percent of croplands worldwide would be enough to meet all the global electricity needs. Higgins hopes the research will inspire cooperation between solar companies and farmers to feed the world and power it too.
32. Why was the computer mentioned in the first paragraph
A. To lead to the topic of the text.
B. To explain the importance of technology.
C. To confirm the accuracy of the new findings.
D. To give a similar example to show the result of overheat.
33. What do Higgins and his team focus on
A. Flow to make panels last longer.
B. Why panels in deserts work badly.
C. What material to use to make panels.
D. Where to put panels to make more energy.
34. What is Higgins’ attitude toward cropland solar
A. Promising. B. Doubtful. C. Confusing. D. Easy-operating.
35. What is the text mainly about
A. Deserts are not fit for solar energy.
B. Cropland solar is the best place for solar panels.
C. There are many factors that favor cropland solar.
D. Higgins hopes to find a sustainable energy in the future.
陕西省商洛中学2021-2022学年高三上学期期末考试英语试题
第一节（共15小题；每小题2分，满分30分）
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。
A
Fall 2021 Story Contest
Our Fall Contest is open to all fiction and nonfiction writers. We're looking for short stories, essays, memoirs, photo essays, graphic stories, all forms of literary nonfiction, and excerpts (摘录) from longer works of both fiction and nonfiction. Entries (参赛作品) must be previously unpublished, no longer than 15,000 words, and must not have been previously chosen as a winner, finalist, or honorable mention in another contest.
As always, we are looking for works with a strong narrative drive, with characters we can respond to, and with effects of language, situation, and insight that are intense and total. We look for works that have the ambition of enlarging our view of ourselves and the world.
CLICK HERE TO SUBMIT YOUR WORKS
Awards: First Prize is $2,500, second Prize is $l,000, Third Prize is $500, and up to ten finalists will receive $100 each. All entries will be considered for publication.
Submission Fee: There is a $27 fee for each entry. With your entry, you'll receive three months of free access to Narrative Backstage.
All contest entries are qualified for the $4,000 Narrative Prize and for acceptance as a Story of the Week.
Timing: The contest deadline is November 30, 2021, at midnight, Pacific standard time.
21. Which of the following will be accepted by the contest
A. A short story once published in a magazine. B. A novel that entered the 2020 year ten finalists.
C. An essay not ever published with 2,000 words. D. An essay having won honorable mention in other contests.
22. What will you receive if your entry is accepted
A. $27 for submission. B. Qualification for prize money.
C. A guarantee of publication. D. Free lifetime access to Narrative Backstage.
23. What can we say about the contest
A. It is held in the UK. B. It is free for every entry.
C. It charges $100 as entrance fee. D. It has a deadline of November 30, 2021.
B
Some parents may have had trouble getting their kids away from electronics and outside this summer. But for one Virginia family, this wasn’t the case. Josh and Cassie Sutton recently completed a full-length hike of the Appalachian Trail with their son, Harvey.
At just 5 years old, Harvey, who earned the nickname “Little Man” from fellow hikers, is one of the youngest people known to have completed the roughly 2, 100-mile trail that stretches across 14 states in 209 days.
When Harvey was 2 years old, his parents began training him for hiking by going on mini walks. They slowly increased their mileage day by day—eventually making him adapt to his big adventure. “A lot of people are surprised at how well he did. They’re like, ‘How did you get your 5-year-old to do that because my 5-year-old won’t even walk half a mile without com-plaining ’” Mom Cassie Sutton said.
The Suttons said that while the adventure of the 2, 100-mile hike was fun as a family, it did have its challenges—especially when it came to keeping Harvey entertained. “We learned that he is gifted in hiking, but as long as we’re playing make-believe with him all day long, then he moves quickly and hikes a lot faster than a lot of us imagine,” Josh Sutton said.
While the Suttons have plans for more hikes and family adventures ahead, the family is getting adjusted to life at home again as Harvey begins his latest adventure: kindergarten.
24. What can we learn from the first two paragraphs
A. A 5-year-old hiked 2, 100 miles in about 7 months.
B. Josh earned the nickname “Little Man” because of his son.
C. Harvey is the youngest person to cover the 2, 100-mile trail.
D. One Virginia family had trouble getting away from electronics.
25. What is the challenge of making Harvey finish the adventure
A. Playing make-believe. B. Keeping him amused.
C. Hiking fast enough. D. Having meals as a family.
26. Which word can best describe Harvey in hiking
A. Negative. B. Naughty. C. Talented. D. Normal.
27. What is Harvey’s next adventure
A. To have more games. B. To get adjusted to family life.
C. To have more hikes with his family. D. To receive pre-school education.
C
The number of weather-related disasters has increased by five times over the past 50 years, the latest report by the World Meteorological (气象) Organization (WMO) said on September 1. However, thanks to improved early warning systems and disaster management, the number of death from these hazards (危险) has been almost three times less.
According to the WMO, from 1970 to 2019, weather, climate and water hazards accounted for 50 percent of all disasters. Among the top 10 hazards that led to the largest loss of human life during this period were droughts, storms, floods and extreme temperatures. However, deaths fell from over 50,000 in the 1970s to less than 20,000 in the 2010s.
"Weather, climate and water extremes are increasing and will become more frequent and severe in many parts of the world as a result of climate change," says WMO Secretary-General Petteri Taalas.
"That means more heatwaves drought and forest fires such as those we have observed recently in Europe and North America. We have more water vapor in the atmosphere, which is worsening extreme rainfall and deadly flooding. The warming of the oceans has affected the frequency and area of existence of the most intense tropical storms."
"Economic losses are increasing as exposure increases. But behind the statistics lies a message of hope. Improved multi-hazard early warning systems have led to a significant reduction in deaths. Quite simply, we are better than ever before at saving lives," Taalas said.
28. What do we know from the first paragraph
A. The number of deaths from hazards has been increasing.
B. The number of weather-related disasters has decreased
C. Disasters connected with weather have gone up.
D. Early warning systems have made disasters decline much.
29. What will happen according to Petteri Taalas
A. There will be more extreme weather.
B. Extreme rainfall will no longer exist.
C. Water vapor in the atmosphere will go down.
D. Humans will conquer extreme weather in the end.
30. What is hopeful behind the bad news
A. Improved warning systems will save economic losses.
B. Economic losses are going down as exposure increases.
C. More lives will be saved thanks to early warning systems.
D. Improved early warning systems will control extreme weather.
31. Where may the text be taken from
A. A novel. B. An advertisement. C. A guideline. D. A magazine.
D
New research suggests that a gene that governs the body's biological （circadian）clock acts differently in males versus females and may protect females from heart disease. The study is the first to analyze circadian blood pressure rhythms（节奏）in female mice.
The body's circadian clock-the biological clock that organizes bodily activities over a 24-hour period-contributes to normal variations in blood pressure and heart function over the course of the day. In most healthy humans, blood pressure dips（下降）at night. People who do not experience this temporary drop, called "non-dippers", are more likely to develop heart disease. The circadian clock is made up of four main proteins（encoded by "clock genes"）that regulate close to half of all genes in the body, including those important for blood pressure regulation.
Previous research has shown that male mice that are missing one of the four clock genes（PER1）become non-dippers and have a higher risk for heart and kidney disease. A research team studied the circadian response and blood pressure of female mice that lack PER1 and compared them with a healthy female control group. On both low-and high-salt diets, both groups "retained an apparent circadian rhythm" of blood pressure, the researchers explained. Unlike the male mice in previous research, the females without PER1 showed normal dips in blood pressure overnight.
These results suggest that the lack of PER1 acts differently in males and females. The findings are consistent with research showing that women are less likely to be non-dippers than men of the same age. "This study represents an important step in understanding sex differences in the regulation of cardiovascular（心血管）function by the circadian clock," the researchers wrote.
32. What does the new research find
A. Biological clock may protect males from heart disease.
B Biological blood pressure rhythms in female mice acts normally.
C. Biological clock organizes bodily activities over a 24-hour period.
D. A gene controlling biological clock works differently between sexes.
33. What role can circadian clock play according to the text
A. Helping males cure heart disease.
B. Helping blood pressure vary normally.
C. Contributing to abnormal variations in blood pressure.
D. Making up four main proteins regulating almost half of all genes.
34. Which word can best replace the underlined word "retained" in paragraph 3
A. treated. B. warned. C. kept. D. watched.
35. What would be a suitable title for the text
A. One clock gene is important
B. Women may benefit from body clock
C. New study analyzes blood pressure rhythms
D. Blood pressure of healthy humans dips at night
陕西省渭南市集才中学老城分校2021-2022学年高三上学期期末考试英语试题
第一节 (共15小题；每小题2分，满分30分)
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。
A
Need a Job This Summer
The provincial government and its partners offer many programs to help students find summer jobs. The deadlines and what you need to apply depend on the program.
Not a student Go to the government website to learn about programs and online tools available to help people under 30 build skills, find a job or start businesses all year round.
Jobs for Youth
If you are a teenager living in certain parts of the province, you could be eligible（符合条件）for this program, which provides eight weeks of paid employment along with training.
Who is eligible: Youth 15—18 years old in select communities（社区）.
Summer Company
Summer Company provides students with hands-on business training and awards of up to $3,000 to start and run their own summer businesses.
Who is eligible: Students aged 15—29, returning to school in the fall.
Stewardship Youth Ranger Program
You could apply to be a Stewardship Youth Ranger and work on local natural resource management projects for eight weeks this summer.
Who is eligible: Students aged 16 or 17 at time of hire, but not turning 18 before December 31 this year.
Summer Employment Opportunities（机会）
Through the Summer Employment Opportunities program, students are hired each year in a variety of summer positions across the Provincial Public Service, its related agencies and community groups.
Who is eligible: Students aged 15 or older. Some positions require students to be 15 to 24 or up to 29 for persons with a disability.
21. What is special about Summer Company
A. It requires no training before employment.
B. It provides awards for running new businesses.
C. It allows one to work in the natural environment.
D. It offers more summer job opportunities.
22. What is the age range required by Stewardship Youth Ranger Program
A. 15—18. B. 15—24. C. 15—29. D. 16—17.
23. Which program favors the disabled
A. Jobs for Youth. B. Summer Company.
C. Stewardship Youth Ranger Program. D. Summer Employment Opportunities.
B
Pablo Picasso, born in Spain in 1881, was one of the most famous artists of the 20th century. Picasso began painting when he was a small child and took advanced art courses when he was only fifteen. Between 1904 and 1947 Picasso lived in Paris. In 1947 he moved to Riviera, in the south of France.
Many people thought Picasso's works were strange and unpleasant. Still, he had a great influence on artists in every country. Today, Picasso is regarded as a genius (天才), and his paintings are in the museums all over the world.
In 1912, Picasso actually invented a new type of art. He painted a picture, then he pasted bits of paper and something else on the picture. This picture of art is called collage (拼贴艺术).
Picasso was not only a painter, but also a sculptor(雕刻家) and a designer of scenery for plays. There are even some photographs of “light paintings” that he created. These paintings were produced by moving a light pencil, or a small flashlight in the air. Although the images could be seen only by people watching them happen, the camera was able to catch the images as they occurred.
By the time he died in France in April of 1973, he had created 22, 000 works of art.
When Picasso was asked how someone could become an artist, he would reply, “If you want to draw, you must shut your eyes and sing. ”
24. After reading the text, we can learn that Picasso was a(n) ________.
A. French artist B. Spanish artist C. English artist D. Australian artist
25. The meaning of the underlined word “pasted” in this text means “________”.
A. stuck B. struck C. drew D. mixed
26. Which would be the best title for the text
A. How to Become a Great Artist
B. A Genius
C. Pablo Picasso: More than Just a Painter
D. Picasso's Life in France
27. According to the text, which of the statements is RIGHT
A. Although Picasso was a great artist, he was not clever at all when he was young.
B. Picasso didn't leave Paris until he was 23 years old.
C. People didn't like Picasso's works at first.
D. Picasso was only good at collage.
C
In a new study, researchers analyzed information from more than 18, 000 people who provided blood samples. Participants reported whether they exercised regularly, and if so, what type of exercises they typically did. The researchers then scanned participants' blood, looking for genes (基因) that are tied to an increased risk of obesity (肥胖). Next, the researchers examined whether certain exercises seemed to balance this risk.
Overall, people who reported doing any type of regular exercises tended to have a lower BMI (体重指数) than those who didn't. This was true even among people who were genetically easy to become overweight. But one exercise stood out as the one with the strongest anti obesity effect：jogging. Participants with obesity genes who jogged tended to have a lower BMI than people with similar genetic risk who did not jog.
But for those who loathe jogging, fear not：Five other types of exercises were also tied to a lower BMI among individuals at risk for obesity. These included mountain climbing, ballroom dancing and walking. The benefits of these exercises were the biggest among those with the greatest genetic risk of obesity.
Interestingly, several other types of exercises failed to counteract the genetic risk of obesity. These included cycling, stretching exercises and swimming. The findings don't mean that these latter exercises can't help with weight control. It's just that they didn't seem to counteract the genetic tendency to gain weight.
There could be several reasons for this. The researchers noted that, for the average Joe or Jane, cycling and stretching exercises tend to require less energy than the exercises that were tied to a lower obesity risk. In addition, exercising in water, as happens with swimming, may increase appetite.
28. What does the underlined word “loathe” in the third paragraph mean
A. Dislike. B. Display. C. Disturb. D. Discourage.
29. Which exercise has the least effect on balancing obesity genes
A. Mountain climbing. B. Ballroom dancing. C. Running slowly. D. Riding a bicycle.
30. What does the author indicate in the last paragraph
A. Swimming doesn't help one lose weight.
B. Diving may make a person eat more food.
C. Average people put less energy into exercises.
D. Stretching exercises will become popular.
31. Which of the following is the best title
A. Jogging Less Leads to Genetic Obesity
B. Regular Exercises Tend to Lower BMI
C. Whether Exercises Balance Risks of Obesity Genes
D. Genes Are Very Important for People's Weight Control
D
The connection between people and plants has long been the subject of scientific research. Recent studies have found positive effects. A study conducted in Youngstown，Ohio，for example, discovered that greener areas of the city experienced less crime. In another，employees were shown to be 15% more productive when their workplaces were decorated with houseplants.
The engineers at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology（MIT）have taken it a step further changing the actual composition of plants in order to get them to perform diverse，even unusual functions. These include plants that have sensors printed onto their leaves to show when they’re short of water and a plant that can detect harmful chemicals in groundwater. ＂We’re thinking about how we can engineer plants to replace functions of the things that we use every day,＂explained Michael Strano, a professor of chemical engineering at MIT.
One of his latest projects has been to make plants grow（发光）in experiments using some common vegetables. Strano’s team found that they could create a faint light for three-and-a-half hours. The light，about one-thousandth of the amount needed to read by，is just a start. The technology, Strano said, could one day be used to light the rooms or even to turn tree into self-powered street lamps.
in the future，the team hopes to develop a version of the technology that can be sprayed onto plant leaves in a one-off treatment that would last the plant’s lifetime. The engineers are also trying to develop an on and off＂switch＂where the glow would fade when exposed to daylight.
Lighting accounts for about 7% of the total electricity consumed in the US. Since lighting is often far removed from the power source（电源）—such as the distance from a power plant to street lamps on a remote highway-a lot of energy is lost during transmission（传输）.
Glowing plants could reduce this distance and therefore help save energy.
32. What is the first paragraph mainly about
A. A new study of different plants.
B. A big fall in crime rates.
C. Employees from various workplaces.
D. Benefits from green plants.
33. What is the function of the sensors printed on plant leaves by MIT engineer
A. To detect plants’ lack of water
B. To change compositions of plants
C. To make the life of plants longer.
D. To test chemicals in plants.
34. What can we expect of the glowing plants in the future
A. They will speed up energy production.
B. They may transmit electricity to the home.
C. They might help reduce energy consumption.
D. They could take the place of power plants.
35. Which of the following can be the best title for the text
A. Can we grow more glowing plants
B. How do we live with glowing plants
C. Could glowing plants replace lamps
D. How are glowing plants made pollution-free
答案：
陕西省西安博爱国际学校2021-2022学年高三上学期期末考试英语试题
21~23 BAC 24~27 CBDC 28~31 ADAD 32~35 BCAB
陕西省三原县南郊中学2021-2022学年高三上学期期末考试英语试题
21-23BCD 24-27BACD 28-31BDAD 32-35 BBAC
陕西省咸阳市武功县普集高级中学2021-2022学年高三上学期期末考试英语试题
21-23 C D B 24-27 A C D C 28-31 A B B D 32-35D DA B
陕西省商洛中学2021-2022学年高三上学期期末考试英语试题
【答案】21. C 22. B 23. D
【解析】
【分析】本文为一篇应用文。文章主要介绍了2021年秋季故事比赛的作品要求、奖励、作品的提交方式和截止日期等。
【21题详解】
细节理解题。根据文章第一段“Entries (参赛作品) must be previously unpublished, no longer than 15,000 words,(参赛作品必须是未发表过的，字数不得超过15000字)”可知，一篇从未发表过的2000字的文章会被接受参加比赛。故选C。
【22题详解】
细节理解题。根据文章倒数第二段“All contest entries are qualified for the $4,000 Narrative Prize and for acceptance as a Story of the Week.( 所有参赛作品都有资格获得4000美元的叙事奖，并获得本周故事的认可)”可知，如果你的作品被接受，你将收到资格奖金。故选B。
【23题详解】
细节理解题。根据文章最后一段“Timing: The contest deadline is November 30, 2021(时间：比赛截止日期为2021年11月30日)”可知，比赛最后期限是2021年11月30日。故选D。
【答案】24. A 25. B 26. C 27. D
【解析】
【分析】这是一篇新闻报道。文章主要介绍了Sutton夫妇带领着年仅5岁的儿子历经约7个月的时间完成了长达2100英里左右的徒步之旅，使孩子既得到了锻炼也远离了电子产品，一举两得。
【24题详解】
细节理解题。根据文章第二段的“At just 5 years old”和“have completed the roughly 2, 100-mile trail that stretches across 14 states in 209 days（在209天内，穿越14个州，完成了大约2100英里的徒步之旅）”可知，五岁大的Harvey在7个月左右的时间内徒步走了2100英里。故选A项。
【25题详解】
细节理解题。根据第四段中的“The Suttons said that while the adventure of the 2, 100-mile hike was fun as a family, it did have its challenges—especially when it came to keeping Harvey entertained.（Sutton夫妇说，对于一家人来说，这次2100英里的徒步旅行很有趣，但是也面临着挑战——尤其是在让Harvey开心方面）”可知，在这次的徒步旅行中，要让Harvey和父母一起完成徒步所要面临的挑战就是让他感到开心，坚持下去。故选B项。
【26题详解】
推理判断题。根据第四段中的“We learned that he is gifted in hiking（我们在旅途中发现他在徒步方面有天赋）”可知，在徒步之旅中，Harvey展现出了这方面的天赋。A. Negative消极的，负面的；B. Naughty调皮的；C. Talented有天赋的；D. Normal正常的。故选C项。
【27题详解】
细节理解题。根据最后一段中的“the family is getting adjusted to life at home again as Harvey begins his latest adventure: kindergarten（因为Harvey即将开始他新的旅程——上幼儿园，所以这一家人正在重新适应家庭生活）”可知，Harvey接下来的旅程就是上幼儿园，接受学前教育。故选D项。
【答案】28. C 29. A 30. C 31. D
【解析】
【分析】本文是一篇说明文。本文主要介绍的是世界气象组织的数据和世界气象组织秘书长佩特里·塔拉斯对于极端天气增加的看法。
【28题详解】
细节理解题。根据第一段“The number of weather-related disasters has increased by five times over the past 50 years, the latest report by the World Meteorological (气象) Organization (WMO) said on September 1.（世界气象组织(WMO) 9月1日发布的最新报告称，与天气有关的灾害数量在过去50年里增加了5倍。）”可知，与天气有关的灾害增加了。故选C。
【29题详解】
细节理解题。根据第三段Petteri Taalas说的话“Weather, climate and water extremes are increasing and will become more frequent and severe in many parts of the world as a result of climate change（由于气候变化，在世界许多地区，极端天气、气候和水事件正在增加，并将变得更加频繁和严重。）”可知，Petteri Taalas认为日后将会有更多的极端天气。故选A。
【30题详解】
细节理解题。根据最后一段“But behind the statistics lies a message of hope. Improved multi-hazard early warning systems have led to a significant reduction in deaths.（但在这些统计数字的背后，却蕴含着希望。改进了多种灾害早期预警系统，大大减少了死亡人数。）”可知，坏消息背后的希望是由于早期预警系统，更多的生命将被拯救。故选C。
【31题详解】
推理判断题。根据全文可知，文章主要介绍的是世界气象组织的数据和世界气象组织秘书长佩特里·塔拉斯对于极端天气增加的看法，可猜测这篇文章来自一篇杂志。故选D。
【答案】32. D 33. B 34. C 35. B
【解析】
【分析】这是一篇说明文。主要介绍了控制人体生物钟的基因在男性和女性中的作用不同，女性可能受益于生物钟。
【32题详解】
细节理解题。根据第一段“New research suggests that a gene that governs the body’s biological (circadian) clock acts differently in males versus females and may protect females from heart disease.”（新的研究表明，控制人体生物钟（昼夜节律）的基因在男性和女性中的作用不同，可能保护女性免受心脏病的侵害。）可知，新的研究发现，控制生物钟的基因对于男性和女性的作用是不同的。故选D项。
【33题详解】
细节理解题。根据第二段“The body’s circadian clock-the biological clock that organizes bodily activities over a 24-hour period-contributes to normal variations in blood pressure and heart function over the course of the day.”（人体昼夜节律的在24小时内组织身体活动的生物钟有助于一天中血压和心脏功能的正常变化。）可知，生物钟有助于血压和心脏功能正常变化。故选B项。
【34题详解】
词句猜测题。根据第三段“Unlike the male mice in previous research, the females without PER1 showed normal dips in blood pressure overnight.”（与先前研究中的雄性小鼠不同，没有PER1的雌性小鼠在一夜之间血压正常下降。）可知，此句研究结果与前句表示对比，前句表示在低盐和高盐的饮食中，两组小鼠的血压保持明显的昼夜节律，推测划线单词表示“保持”，与kept同义。故选C项。
【35题详解】
主旨大意题。根据第一段“New research suggests that a gene that governs the body’s biological （circadian）clock acts differently in males versus females and may protect females from heart disease.”（新的研究表明，控制人体生物钟（昼夜节律）的基因在男性和女性中的作用不同，可能保护女性免受心脏病的侵害。）可知，生物钟可能保护女性免受心脏病的侵害，以及最后一段“The findings are consistent with research showing that women are less likely to be non-dippers than men of the same age.”（研究表明，女性比同龄男性更不可能成为非杓型。）可知，女性受到生物钟的影响，心脏和肾脏疾病风险可能更低，所以“女性可能受益于生物钟”可以作为文章标题。故选B项。
陕西省渭南市集才中学老城分校2021-2022学年高三上学期期末考试英语试题
A篇：21-23 BDD B: 24-27 BACC C: 28-31 ADBC D: 32-35 DACC