2023年中考英语语法专题归纳及过关训练　代词（含答案）

中考英语语法专题归纳及过关训练（含答案）　代词
类型1 人称代词、物主代词及反身代词
1．人称代词、物主代词及反身代词总表
2.人称代词主格用作主语或表语，宾格用作宾语。要根据题干中的提示词，如mother, father, Lily, Tom等及语境判定应该用哪一人称。
—Where is Dad？爸爸在哪儿？
—He is in the garden.他在花园里。
Miss Smith is very kind. We all like her.史密斯小姐非常和蔼，我们都喜欢她。
3．名词性物主代词＝形容词性物主代词＋名词
—Is this your bike？这是你的自行车吗？
—No, it’s her bike. Mine(＝My bike) is under the tree.不是，是她的自行车。我的(自行车)在树下。
4．反身代词的固定搭配
enjoy oneself玩得愉快 learn/teach...by oneself自学
dress oneself穿衣 help oneself to随便吃……
by oneself独自 for oneself亲自
hurt oneself受伤 keep ... to oneself 保守秘密
prove oneself证明自己 lose oneself in 沉迷于；陶醉于
类型2 不定代词
常见的易混不定代词辨析如下：
1．either与 neither
either指两个人或物中的一个，作主语时谓语动词用单数；neither指两个人或物中一个也不，作主语时谓语动词常用单数。
Either is a good choice.两者(任一个)都是不错的选择。
Neither of the books is good.这两本书都不好。
2．both与all
both“两者都”，其否定词是neither; all“(三者或更多)全都”，否定词是none。
We are both students, but neither of us likes sports.我们俩都是学生，但是都不喜欢运动。
All students are here and none of them are late.所有的学生都到齐了，没有人迟到。
3．some与any
相同点 不同点
some与any均表示“一些”，既可修饰可数名词，也可修饰不可数名词 some一般用于肯定句中，若要表示说话人希望得到肯定回答或表示请求、建议，疑问句中应用some
any多用于疑问句、否定句和条件句中；any用于肯定句时意为“任何一个”
—Would you like some coffee？你想要些咖啡吗？
—Yes, please.好的，谢谢。
There aren’t any students in the classroom.教室里没有学生。
4．a little, little, a few, few
a little, a few表示肯定意义， “一点儿，少量；一些”；little, few表示否定意义，“几乎没有”； a little/little后接不可数名词， a few/few后接可数名词复数。
5．other, the other, another, others, the others的用法
单词/短语 含义 用法
other 泛指其他的 跟单数或复数名词
the other 两个人或物中 的另一个 常构成one... the other...
another 另一个 跟单数名词，或跟“基数词＋复数名词”
others 泛指另外的人或物 是other的复数形式
the others 特指一定范围 中的其他所有 相当于the rest或“the other＋名词复数”
6.复合不定代词
somebody某人　 anybody任何人　 nobody没有人
everybody每个人 someone某人 anyone任何人
no one没有人 everyone每人 something某事
anything任何事 nothing没有什么 everything每件事
类型3 指示代词
常见指示代词基本用法
1．this和these用于指距离较近的人或事物；that和those用于指距离较远的人或事物。
This picture is clear and that picture is not clear.这张图画清楚，而那张图画不清楚。
2．打电话时用this做自我介绍，用that询问对方是谁。
This is Mary speaking. Who’s that？我是玛丽，你是谁？
3．that/those指代上文提到的名词。
The weather in Hangzhou is much warmer than that in Harbin in winter.杭州冬天的天气比哈尔滨暖和多了。(that指代the weather，避免重复)
类型4 it和one的用法
1．it的用法
(1)特指上文提到的同一事物。
—Where’s your office？你的办公室在哪里？
—It’s on the third floor.在三楼。
(2)用来代替指示代词this或that。
—What’s this？这是什么？
—It’s a pencil.这是一支铅笔。
(3)指不知性别的婴儿或人。
—Who is the person over there？那边的人是谁？
—It may be the doctor.可能是医生。
(4)指天气、时间、距离等。
—What’s the weather like today？今天的天气怎么样？
—It’s sunny.天气晴朗。
It’s about eight o’clock.大约8点了。
How far is it from your school to your home？学校离你家有多远？
(5)在固定句型中作形式主语。
①It is＋ adj.＋(for sb.) to do sth.做某事(对某人来说)是……
It’s very important for us to eat breakfast every day.对我们来说每天吃早饭很重要。
②It is＋ adj.＋(of sb.) to do sth.(某人)这么做真是太……
It’s very kind of you to help me out of the trouble.你能帮我解决这个麻烦真是太好了。
③It is＋ adj.＋that 从句 ……是……
It’s impossible that we finish the work within two days.
我们在两天内完成这项工作是不可能的。
④It seems that...……好像……
It seems that the boy is very interested in Chinese paintings.这个男孩好像对中国画很感兴趣。
⑤It’s one’s turn to do sth.轮到某人做某事了。
It’s your turn to clean the classroom.轮到你打扫教室了。
⑥It’s time (for sb.) to do sth.是(某人)做某事的时候了。
It’s time to get up.该起床了。
⑦It’s said/believed/reported that...据说/人们认为/据报道……
It’s said that UFO appeared in America.据说美国出现了UFO。
⑧It takes sb. some time to do sth.某人花费多少时间做某事。
It took him three hours to get to the train station.到火车站花了他三个小时。
⑨It is/has been＋时间段＋since＋从句(一般过去时)．
自从……以来，已经有……(时间)了。
It has been six years since I bought the book.这本书我买了六年了。
⑩sb.＋find(s)/think(s) it＋ adj.＋to do sth.某人发现/认为做某事是……的。
I find it important to learn English well.我发现学好英语很重要。
2．one的用法
(1)one指代可数名词，既可指人，也可指物。
One should do one’s/his best all the time.
一个人无论何时都应尽最大努力。
He is not the one who is easy to work with.
他不是一个容易合作的人。
(2)代替上文已出现过的单数可数名词，表示泛指意义，其复数形式是ones。
I don’t like this sweater. Will you please show me another one？我不喜欢这件毛衣。你能再给我拿一件吗？
3．辨析it, one和that/those
单词 用法
it 指代与上文提到的对象是同一事物(同类同物)
one 泛指上文提及的同类事物中的一个(同类异物)
that/those 常用于比较结构中，that代替前面提到的可数名词单数或不可数名词；those代替前面提到的可数名词复数
类型5 疑问代词
1．疑问代词
单词 含义 用法
who 谁 对人称代词主格进行提问
whom 谁 对人称代词宾格进行提问
what 什么 对具体内容进行提问
which 哪个 对指定范围内的“哪个”进行提问
whose 谁的 对物主代词进行提问
Who put the light out before I finished my work？谁在我做完工作前把灯关了？
Whom did you go to the concert with 你和谁去听的音乐会？
What are your parents 你父母是干什么的？
Which is more interesting, this book or that one 哪一本更有趣，这本书还是那本？
Whose umbrella is this 这是谁的雨伞？
2．常见与疑问代词混合考查的疑问副词
单词 含义 用法
when 什么时候 提问时间
where 哪里 提问地点
why 为什么 询问原因
how 怎样；健康状况； 方式等 询问程度、健康、方式等
When will you go to Shanghai？你什么时候去上海？
Where did you meet him？你在哪见过他？
Why does your brother like dogs 你哥哥为什么喜欢狗？
How was your weekend 你的周末过得怎么样？
3．疑问代词常用句型
(1)What do you think of... 你认为……怎么样？用于询问对方的看法。
What do you think of my new skirt, Mom 妈妈，你觉得我的新裙子怎么样？
(2)What is sb.？＝What does sb. do？某人是做什么的？用于询问某人的职业。
What is your mother？＝What does your mother do？你妈妈是做什么的？
(3)What is sb. like？某人怎么样？用于询问某人的性格特征。
—What is Tony like Tony(的性格)怎么样？
—He is warm hearted.他是个热心人。
一、单项填空
1．(2020·山东济南中考)We love animals because ________ are our friends.
A．she B．they C．he D．we
2．(2020·山东济南中考)Wang Ping learned how to cook by ________ when he was nine years old.
A．myself B．himself C．yourself D．itself
3．(2020·山东临沂中考)—Do you want tea or coffee
—________ is OK. I really don’t mind.
A．Neither B．Both C．Either
4．(2020·山东菏泽中考)—It’s said that Tina will go to Canada by herself.
—Yes.________ of her parents will go with her.
A．Both B．Neither C．Either
5．(2020·山东东营中考)Most parents think that it is the happiest thing to spend time with ________ children.
A．his B．our C．your D．their
6．(2021·原创)—I want to call my mother. But I can’t find my mobile phone.
—Don’t worry. My sister’s phone is here. You can use ________.
A．my B．mine C．hers D．her
7．(2020·山东东营中考)—Take care while walking along the wet hill path(小径). You may fall and hurt ________．
—OK. Thanks for reminding me.
A．it B．you
C．yourself D．yourselves
8．(2020·四川自贡中考)—The scarf in your hand is colorful. Is it ________？
—Yes, but I’ll give it to my sister as ________ birthday present. She likes it very much.
A．yours; hers B．your; hers
C．yours; her
9．(2020·黑龙江龙东农垦、森工中考)—Lots of people like to give out Hongbao to each other on WeChat.
—That’s true. I’ve just received ________ from my friend.
A．it B．that C．one
10．(2020·安徽中考)—This time, we must depend on ourselves to solve the problem.
—I agree. ________ but we ourselves can find a way out.
A．Everybody B．Nobody
C．Somebody D．Anybody
11．(2020·四川凉山中考)—Susan, there is ________ rice and ________ noodles at home. Will you go shopping with me
—Sorry, I have to wait for the postman.
A．little; few B．few; little
C．a few; little D．few; a little
二、单词拼写与运用
用括号内所给单词的适当形式或首字母提示填空。
1．(2020·四川凉山中考)Their school is as big as o________．
2．(2020·四川宜宾中考)My younger sister is old enough to dress h________．
3．(2020·新疆中考)On Mother’s Day, my mother was happy because I gave h________ a scarf as a present.
4．(2020·四川南充中考)He had to see the doctor by h________ because his parents weren’t at home.
5．(2020·山东临沂中考)After a busy morning at work, lunchtime gives________(I) a chance to do many things, such as exercise, read and watch TV.
6．(2020·江苏盐城中考)On Teachers’ Day, students usually make cards to thank ________(they) teachers.
7．(2020·甘肃酒泉、张掖、武威等地中考)Don’t always make decisions for your daughter. The choice is ________(her)．
8．(江苏淮安中考)Something is wrong with my father’s new computer. It always turns ________(it) off.
三、语法选择
通读下面短文，掌握其大意，然后按照句子结构的语法和上下文连贯的要求，从每题所给的四个选项中选出一个最佳答案。
(2021·原创)One day my friend Ollie and I were playing in the park. Then 1 happened. Ollie smiled at Ethan behind me. He and Ollie were on the same soccer team. 2 talked happily, and moved to another place to play. I followed 3 ， but was completely ignored(忽视)．
On the ride home, 4 feeling was still so hurt that I couldn’t even look at Ollie. When we reached home, I said, “You are the worst friend I have ever had.” He looked surprised and a little angry.
Then Ollie and I didn’t speak to each 5 for a week. I thought about it. Ollie was a good friend and 6 seemed stupid to break up with 7 because it was just a little argument. So I called him and said sorry to him. As 8 know(s), arguments can happen between best friends. When you are ready, talk it out with 9 friend and make sure you listen to each other’s opinions. If you think that the friendship is worth valuing, try to forgive each other and get on well!
1．A.nothing B．something C．everything D．anything
2．A.They B．His C．Ourselves D．You
3．A.they B．their C．them D．themselves
4．A.him B．them C．my D．our
5．A.another B．Others’ C．others D．other
6．A.one B．it C．this D．that
7．A.his B．him C．he D．himself
8．A.we B．you C．they D．it
9．A.yourself B．yours C．you D．your
参考答案
一、1～5 BBCBD　6～11 CCCCBA
二、1.ours　2.herself　3.her　4.himself
5．me　6.their　7.hers　8.itself
三、1～5 BACCD　6～9 BBAD